Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesocosmo'
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Vasconcelos, Ana Maria. "Avaliação dos efeitos do agrotóxico Vertimec® 18CE sobre girinos de Lithobates catesbeianus (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-27062014-120117/.
Full textThe intervention of anthropogenic activities to the environment has reflected in the structure and functions of ecosystems and the use of chemical additives, such as pesticides and fertilizers, has contributed for the disequilibrium. The Vertimec® 18EC, whose toxicity is described to different taxa, is widely used in agricultural crops, and it has been known about the intense handling practices, often irregular, which can reach higher concentrations than those expected in the aquatic environment. One group that has been highlighted in recent years by the increasing decline associated with the use of these products is the amphibians. Amphibians plays a central role in the food chain and several studies have related the ecological disequilibrium caused by the decline of this group due to the addition of contaminants, including pesticides. In this study, laboratory bioassays were developed to determine the more susceptible stage and the LC50,96h of Lithobates catesbeianus to Vertimec® 18EC. From these results, in situ experiments (mesocosms) were conducted with tadpoles in more advanced stage (25 of Gosner table) in order to compare the differences in toxicity of Vertimec® 18EC when manipulated both in field and in laboratory. Also, the effects caused by a single and multiple application of the pesticides were evaluated. The laboratorial results showed that earlier stages (21G) were more sensitive than more developing tadpoles (25G), and the effects of the pesticide were more aggressive under natural conditions (mesocoms), with 100% of mortality before 24 hours, at the same developmental stage. The results of laboratorial and in situ bioassays indicated that the lower concentration (0.002 ml Vertimec.L-1) didn\'t cause mortality, but alterations on development stage and larval period time were observed, indicating indirect effects (available resources) on the success of this species. On the other hand, no difference was found between the single and multiple applications of Vertimec® 18EC because all organisms died in the unique dosage treatment, but it was possible to verify limnological alterations after the second application of the pesticide. Considering the results obtained we conclude that Vertimec® 18EC can affect directly (mortality, development stages and behavior) and indirectly (food reduction) the population of Lithobates catesbeianus, contributing to the decline of amphibians in the natural systems.
Guimarães, Guilherme Luiz. "Impactos do controle de macrofitas aquaticas com herbicidas 2,4 D em mesocosmo." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257291.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Doutorado
Nascimento, Monalisa de Oliveira. "Saturação em comunidades zooplanctônicas de ambientes perenes e temporários: uma abordagem experimental." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4519.
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Estudos sobre saturação de espécies buscam conhecer o papel relativo de fatores locais e regionais sobre a estruturação das comunidades. No caso de comunidades zooplanctônicas, os resultados encontrados são bastante divergentes, tornando necessário o preenchimento de certas lacunas. Uma destas está na comparação entre diferentes tipos de ambiente, como perenes e temporários, que apresentam comunidades com características bem distintas. Lagoas temporárias passam periodicamente por eventos de seca e, considerando organismos aquáticos, este é um dos mais fortes distúrbios experimentados, pois impõe severas restrições fisiológicas e comportamentais. Baseado nestes fatos, este estudo tem como hipótese principal que lagoas temporárias apresentam comunidades zooplanctônicas insaturadas, enquanto lagoas perenes apresentam comunidades zooplanctônicas saturadas. Para testá-la, foi realizado um experimento em mesocosmos onde as comunidades zooplanctônicas destes dois tipos de lagoas foram manipuladas, bem como o evento de dispersão. Os resultados indicam que ambas apresentam-se saturadas e que, portanto, fatores locais são predominantemente mais importantes do que a dispersão (fator regional) sobre a estruturação destas comunidades. Dentre estes fatores locais, os fatores abióticos atuam como filtros selecionadores de espécies e parecem ser mais importantes do que as interações bióticas com as comunidades residentes.
Many studies about species saturation try to find out the relative role of the local and regional factors on the communities structure. Regarding to zooplankton communities, the results obtained are very divergent requiring the filling of certain gaps. One of these gaps is on the comparison between different types of environments, like perennial and temporary which have communities with very different features. Temporary ponds are periodically affected by drought events and, considering the aquatic organisms, this is one of the strongest disturbs that they experienced because it imposes physiological and behavioral restrictions. Based on these facts, the principal hypothesis of this study is that temporary ponds have unsaturated zooplankton communities while permanent ponds have saturated zooplankton communities. To test it, an experiment was made in mesocosms where the communities of both ponds were manipulated as well as the dispersion event. The results indicate that both communities are saturated and therefore local factors are predominantly more important than the dispersion (regional factor) on the structuring of these communities. Among these local factors, the abiotic factors act as species selectors filters and seems to be more relevant than the biotic interactions with the resident species.
SOUZA, Tarciane Pires de. "Efeito da acidificação da água do mar: um estudo de mesocosmo com a nematofauna de Recifes de Coral." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/24324.
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CNPQ
Ao longo de décadas, a liberação de dióxido de carbono (CO2), principalmente devido à queima de combustíveis fósseis, aumentou consideravelmente e resultou em um aumento da concentração de CO2 atmosférico. A rápida absorção de energia térmica e de CO2 pelos oceanos resultará em uma série de mudanças concomitantes na bioquímica da água do mar, incluindo reduções no pH e estado de saturação de carbonato. A acidificação dos oceanos representa riscos para todos os ecossistemas marinhos, mas já se sabe que os recifes de coral são amplamente reconhecidos como o ecossistema que é mais ameaçado pela acidificação do oceano. Com isso, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo investigar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de pH da água do mar, sobre a comunidade de Nematoda de fital dos recifes de coral. Para esta avaliação, um experimento de mesocosmo foi conduzido utilizando unidades artificiais de substrato (UAS) colonizadas pela meiofauna de fital. Os fatores avaliados foram o tempo (com 15 e 30 dias de exposição) e os níveis de acidificação: pH controle (água do mar/ambiente sem manipulação) e três níveis de acidificação (reduções no pH ambiente de 0,3, 0,6 e 0,9 unidade). Ao final do experimento, as amostras foram fixadas, lavadas em peneiras geológicas (500 e 45-μm) e os nematódeos foram identificados a nível de gênero com auxilio de microscópio ótico. Foram identificados 60 gêneros, distribuídos em 7 ordens e 25 famílias. Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura da comunidade sofreu diferenças significativas para os fatores tempo e tratamento, mas não para a interação entre eles. A densidade sofreu diferenças significativas para a interação entre os fatores tempo e tratamento. Já riqueza dos gêneros, sofreu redução entre os tratamentos de pH 7,5 e 7,2. Apenas o gênero Chromadora se mostrou mais sensíveis ao experimento, que teve resposta significativa para o fator tempo, com redução de sua densidade. Para os grupos tróficos da comunidade foram encontradas diferenças significativas para os dois fatores e para a interação entre eles, já para o Índice de Diversidade Trófica (IDT) os resultados da ANO VA indicaram que apenas o fator tempo foi significativo. O Índice de Maturidade (IM) não apresentou resultados significativos para nenhum dos fatores. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que os efeitos podem ser complexos, com respostas positivas e negativas, devido à vulnerabilidade diferencial dentro e entre os grupos genéricos de nematódeos mostraram ainda que o funcionamento da comunidade consegue resistir a este tipo de impacto, pelo menos, na escala de variação do pH adotada neste experimento.
The carbon dioxide (CO2) release, mainly due to burning fossil fuels, increased considerably during the last decades and resulted in an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The rapid absorption of CO2 and thermal energy by the oceans will result in a series of concurrent biochemical changes in seawater, including reductions in pH and carbonate saturation state. Despite the increasing risk that ocean acidification will modify benthic communities, great uncertainty remains about how this impact will affect the lower trophic levels, such as members of the meiofauna and of the Nematofauna. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water acidification on a phytal Nematofauna community from a coral reef. Community samples collected from the coral reef subtidal zone (Recife de Fora Municipal Marine Park, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil), using artificial substrate units (ASUs), were exposed to a control pH (ambient seawater) and to three levels of seawater acidification (pH reductions of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 units below ambient) and collected after 15 and 30 days. The samples were fixed, washed in geological sieves (0.5 and 0.044 mm) and Nematofauna was identified to genus level with the aid of an optical microscope. Sixty genera distributed in 7 orders and 25 families were identified. The results showed that the community structure underwent significant differences for the time and treatment factors, but not for the interaction between them. The density was significantly different for the interaction between time and treatment factors. The richness of the genera suffered a reduction between treatments of pH 7.5 and 7.2. Only the genera Chromadora showed to be more sensitive to the experiment, which had a significant response to the time factor, with reduction of its density. For the trophic groups of the community significant differences were found for the two factors and for the interaction among them, for the Index of Trophic Diversity (ITD) the ANOVA results indicated that only the time factor was significant. The Maturity Index (MI) did not present significant results for any of the factors. The results presented showed that the effects can be complex, with positive and negative responses, due to the differential vulnerability within and between the generic groups of nematodes. They also showed that the functioning of the community can resist this type of impact, least on the scale of pH variation adopted in this experiment.
Ramos, Raphael Campitelli. "Avaliação dos efeitos do agrotóxico Vertimec® 18 CE em ecossistemas de água doce por meio de estudos experimentais em laboratório e in situ." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-26082013-131250/.
Full textThe pesticide Vertimec® 18EC is largely used to control pests in agriculture acting as insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. Although applied in agricultural lands it can reach the aquatic systems via surface runoff and affect many non-target species. A field experiment simulating the runoff over a field plot contaminated which consisted of two 6 m apart agricultural plots, one non-contaminated, acting as control, and the other contaminated with 0.125 L/\'M POT.2\' of Vertimec using a backpack sprayer. Runoff samples were collected downstream the plots. One fraction was used for physical and chemical analysis and laboratory acute toxicity tests and the remaining sample was inoculated in 12 cylindrical chambers, immersed in a water tank filled with Lobo Reservoir water, in a nearby constructed mesocosm. Three species of freshwater invertebrates were used as test-organisms in this study: Chironomus sancticaroli (Insecta, Diptera), Hydra viridissima (Cnidaria, Hydridae) and Girardia tigrina (Plathyelminthes, Turbellaria). The values of LC50 96 h for Vertimec® 18EC were: 0.14 mL/L (2.52 mg/L of abamectin) for H. viridissima, 0.028 mL/L (494 ug/L of abamectin) for G. tigrina and 0.54 \'10 POT.-5\' mL/L (97 ng/L of abamectin) para C. sancticaroli. These results indicate that C. sancticaroli has a much higher sensitivity to this pesticide than the other species tested. In the experiments in mesocosms it was found that in the highest concentration tested, the length and width of the body and cephalic capsules of the larvae in the contaminated runoff were smaller than those of the larvae from both, the control and non-contaminated runoff, evidencing that the chronic exposure to the Vertimec contaminated runoff affected adversely the growth of C. sancticaroli larvae. In addition some larvae in the contaminated mesocosm had mentum deformities (4.2%). The analyses of the whole community in the mesocosms at the end of the experiment showed that in the treatment with direct application of Vertimec, there were 100% mortality of all C. sancticaroli inoculated larvae, and almost 80% decrease in the richness of taxa and in the total density of benthic organisms when compared with the community in the control. No taxa belonging to the Class Insecta were recorded in the contaminated treatment corroborating the strong toxicity of this insecticide. From all results obtained we conclude that Vertimec® 18EC is highly toxic to benthic macro-invertebrates community and that aquatic ecosystems contaminated by agricultural runoff with this pesticide will be adversely affected.
Masutti, Mariana Beraldo. "Distribuição e efeitos de cromo e cobre em ecossistemas aquáticos: uma análise laboratorial e \"in situ\" (experimentos em micro e mesocosmos)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-23042012-102116/.
Full textThe general aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution and the toxic effects of the metals Cr and Cu on lenthic aquatic ecosystems, using systems of different complexity and organization levels. The systems used for Cr and Cu toxicity evaluations were: a) single-specific tests with Selenastrum capricornutum (microalgae), Daphnia similis e Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera), Chironomus xanthus (Diptera, Chironomidae), Oreochromis niloticus (fish) and Pistia stratiotes (macrophyte); b) microcosms experiments (multi- specific tests) with the Lobos reservoir natural communities; c) mesocosms experiments, with natural water, sediment, plankton, benthics, fishes and macrophytes from Lobos reservoir. In the toxicity tests, all the species were more sensitive to Cu than to Cr, and the sensitiviness sequence was D. similis> C. dubia> S. capricornutum> C. xanthus > P. stratiotes > O. niloticus. In the microcosms and mesocosms experiments, the test-concentrations were the maximum value allowed by the CONAMA Resolution nº 20/1986 to Cr6+ and Cu2+ to Class 2 water bodies (50 µg.L-1 and 20 µg.L-1, respectively). In all experiments the chlorophyll concentration was significantly reduced after the metal addition. The effects on the Zooplankton density and richness were stronger to Cr than to Cu; however Cladocera was more sensitive to Cu. Chromium caused higher inhibition in primary production in April/ 2002, but in November/ December 2002 the primary production suffered higher inhibition by Cu addition. Both studied metals showed significant effects on several water variables, as dissolved oxygen, ammonium, phosphate forms distribution, chlorophyll and suspended material, being the Cr effects stronger than the Cu effects, in relation to the number of affected variables and the system restoration time. The sediments didnt show alterations after the metal addition. Chromium and Cu bioaccumulation was observed by plankton, benthic invertebrates, macrophytes and fishes. The toxicity of the studied metals was reduced by the fish and macrophyte inclusion, mainly to Cu. Although the concentration of Cr and Cu were low, toxic effects were observed on both biotic and abiotic system compartments. The results obtained in this work may be useful as subsidy to evaluation of the maximum value allowed by the CONAMA Resolution nº 20/1986 to the studied metals.
Mello, José Leonardo da Silva. "Efeitos da presença do fungicida Pyrimethanil na comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos: estudos in situ e laboratoriais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13082015-103328/.
Full textAgricultural activities, mainly monocultures, require large use of inputs. The constant application of agrochemicals, as herbicides, pesticides and fungicides, has promoted impacts on water resources and biota at the center, especially on non-target organisms such substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fungicide Pyrimethanil in benthic macroinvertebrate community through environmental monitoring experimental units of field (mesocosms) and laboratory ecotoxicological tests with individuals of Chironomus sancticaroli. The mesocosms were made using six tanks with maximum volume equivalent to 1500 liters. The contamination of the tanks with Pyrimethanil was performed by spraying of water on the surface by applying a fungicide concentration equivalent to 0,1 mg/L. Thus, the mesocosms were divided into three contaminated replicas and three controls replicas. The monitoring and sampling of water and benthic macroinvertebrates were performed on a monthly basis during the period of one year. The fungicide Pyrimethanil does not cause significant changes in monitored variables. Similarly, the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates were similar characteristics between the contaminated and control mesocosms. However, during the monitoring, the mesocosms controls had significantly higher values in the abundance of individuals and total number of taxa compared to the values observed in the mesocosms contaminated with Pyrimethanil.
Vieira, Bruna Horvath. "Efeitos do agrotóxico Vertimec no fitoplâncton: um estudo laboratorial e \"in situ\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-22032010-155059/.
Full textPesticides are chemical products applied to environment in order to control species which cause harm to agriculture. However, these chemicals can reach non-target species when flushed into aquatic ecosystems and even bring grave diseases to human health. Amongst many, Vertimec® stands out in a range of pesticides, being utilized in numerous agricultures, including potatoes and strawberries, which constitute the income of many farmers. Nevertheless, despite its intensive use, there is still lack of research and study on its potential risks on terrestrial and aquatic biota. In this context, we sought to evaluate the effects of the application of Vertimec® on phytoplankton, through laboratorial study (unialgal bioassay, with Pseudokircheneriella subcapitata) and in situ (composition and density, in mesocosms) starting from the simulation of soil contamination with Vertimec® and subsequent flushing into the body of water, making use of the runoff water in unialgal bioassay; the addition of runoff water from mesocosms in four treatments (control, contaminated runoff, non-contaminated and direct addition of contaminant), evaluating the effects on the community structure and unialgal bioassay with Abamectin, main Vertimec®s active principle. The results obtained show that the runoff effects on the cellular density of P. subcapitata will not occur according the product used but due to the high turbidity of the samples. At the tests with water at the mesocosms, the treatments which received runoff motivated the growing of P. subcapitata, indicating the nutrient-contributing effect to the environment of the culture. At the analysis of the phytoplanktonic community at the mesocosms, alterations on the physical and chemical characteristics of the water were observed (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity and nutrients) featuring effects of runoff (with or without Vertimec®) or the direct addition of the contaminant, which implicated chances in the density and composition of the phytoplankton (such as the reduction of Bacillariophyta, increase of Chlorophyceae and, along with these , a larger contribution to the species Monoraphidium minutum). Despite acknowledging the effects of Vertimec® on phytoplankton, though in situ studies, the results from Abamectin do not show toxicity to the algae P.subcapitata, demonstrating the presence of other contaminants in the marketable product.
Sanchez, André Luís. "Ecological risk assessment in pesticide contamination scenarios: from individuals to ecosystems responses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-06102016-101708/.
Full textOs estudos de avaliação de risco ecológico consistem em avaliar os riscos ecológicos ocasionados pelas diversas atividades antropogênicas a um determinado sistema. Essa abordagem de integração reporta a estimativa dos efeitos de risco adverso através dos níveis de organização biológica potencialmente expostos a pertubação, incluindo assim uma melhor compreensão da complexidade dos ecossistemas. É bem conhecido que os pesticidas possuem efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente, contribuindo para a perda de biodiversidade e mudanças nos níveis tróficos. A partir dessa análise, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi uma avaliação de risco ecológico em cenários de contaminação por pesticidas em relação aos compartimentos terrestres e aquáticos. Para tanto, foram avaliados os efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre as respostas individuais para diferentes níveis de organização biológica e para as interações multitróficas através de modelos ecossistêmicos. Assim, foram analisados os impactos ambientais em relação as perdas e mudanças das funções e serviços dos ecossistemas. Para esse propósito, foram desenvolvidos cenários de risco em relação as rotas de exposição do antiparasitário Ivermectin para a minhoca Eisenia fetida em relação a testes de reprodução, através da via dermal (solo) e oral (comida). Foi construída uma abordagem experimental para caracterizar os efeitos do fungicida Scala® (Pyrimethanil), comparando a aplicação através de pulverização por spray com a aplicação homogênea no solo em um sistema terrestre multiespécies. Experimentos foram realizados para reportar os efeitos do fungicida Mythos® (Pyrimethanil) em plantas terrestres alvo, seguidos por teste com elutriato com organismos de água doce não-alvo e testes de fuga com invertebrados terrestres não-alvo e uma quantificação dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Foi realizada uma avaliação de risco holística do fungicida pyrimethanil com respostas dos organismos terrestres e aquáticos e das interações tróficas através dos modelos ecossistêmicos e complementados com respostas individuais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os parâmetros de reprodução para as minhocas foram afetados com o aumento das concentrações de ivermectina com diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as rotas de exposição a contaminação. O fungicida pyrimethanil mostrou efeitos adversos sobre os invertebrados terrestres para as aplicações do pesticida e para a distribuição espacial, sendo as preferências de habitat e habilidade de forageio direta ou indiretamente afetadas pela toxicidade do fungicida. Os possíveis impactos do runoff e lixiviação nos corpos de água e solos adjacentes mostram mudanças na estrutura da comunidade com mudanças e perdas nos serviços ecossistêmicos de provisão, regulação e suporte. A avaliação de risco holística mostrou os impactos e efeitos adversos sobre os organismos terrestres e aquáticos, ecossistemas e processos nos diferentes cenários de simulação. Ao analisar os dados obtidos é possível concluir que os experimentos realizados permeiam os múltiplos aspectos da contaminação por pesticidas, mostrando respostas de indivíduos a ecossistemas através das rotas de exposição da contaminação, interações multitróficas a partir dos experimentos de modelos ecossistêmicos, respostas individuais, comportamentais e comparativas com os sistemas terrestres e aquáticos em avaliações de risco ecológico. Portanto, esse estudo se apresenta como um importante registro dos efeitos deletérios e das respostas dos impactos por pesticidas, levando a possíveis perdas e mudanças das funções e serviços ecossistêmicos em áreas com distúrbios.
Filho, Ricardo Wagner Reis. "Avaliação ecotoxicológica do sedimento da Represa do Lobo (SP), em mesocosmos submetidos aos metais cobre e cromo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-08082016-104419/.
Full textIn-situ mesocosms experiments allow the extrapolation of laboratory data to the field with high reliability. In the present study, nine hexagonal PVC mesocosms with 2 m height and 4.5 to 5.1 m3 volume were installed in contact with the sediment near the Lobo reservoir dam (22º15\'S e 47º49\'W) in february of 2002. In accordance with the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) 20/86 resolution for Class 2 water bodies, the maximum allowed concentrations of copper (0,02 mg/L) and chromium (0,5 mg/L) were added to the mesocosms (triplicate), and three other ones were used as controls. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in the sediment environment, particularly the enrichment and induction of toxicity, by the contamination of these metals. The sediment was sampled by means of Eckman-Birge and core samplers on the 0 (before the contamination), 10th, 20th and 30th days (end of the experiment). Afterwards, physical and chemical analyses, benthic macrofauna characterization and several toxicity assays were conducted with the samples. In order to better evaluate these results, the sediments quality triad was considered. A discrete increase in the total concentration of copper and chromium was observed in the sediments of the contaminated mesocosms when compared to the controls, as well as a reduction in the abundance of benthic organisms and toxic effects over the organisms tested with these sediments. The triad responses were essential for quality characterization of the control mesocosms sediments in comparison with the contaminated ones.
Gusmão, Luiz Felipe Mendes de. "Efeitos do cobre e cromo na comunidade zooplanctônica : um estudo experimental em mesocosmos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-14102004-165206/.
Full textThe urban and industrial development has been contributing to the introduction of great amounts of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystems, exposing its biota and the whole food chain to the contamination with these elements. A lot of studies about the behavior of heavy metals in the aquatic environment have been developed, since heavy metals represent an environmental problem due to its persistence and no biodegradability in the environment. However, little is known about the ecological effects of heavy metals on the structure and function of the aquatic communities. This work contributes for a better knowledge of these effects on the zooplankton community in field experiments. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of chromium and copper on the zooplankton community structure in mesocosms experiments at the Lobo-Broa reservoir (CHREA/USP). The mesocosms were constituted of three 5000 liters transparent PVC littoral enclosures in contact with the bottom sediment. One mesocosms was maintained as control (not contaminated), and two were contaminated with the CONAMA/86 maximum concentrations allowed for copper (20µg/L) and chromium (40µg/L). The experiment was conducted from March 28 to April 30, 2002, when samples of water (for limnological analyses) and plankton were collected before and after the contamination in intervals of two to seven days. The zooplankton samples were counted and the species of the three main groups (Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera) were identified, eggs and population classes of Cladocera and Copepoda were quantified, and ecological indexes were calculated. According to the results, the concentrations of metals applied caused several effects on the zooplankton community. The ecological indexes showed that the effects of the chromium contamination were more severe over the zooplankton community than copper. However, the effects of the contamination were different for each metal, zooplankton group and species, and for the evaluation of these effects, the analysis based on population data was more efficient than the analyses based on ecological indexes. Copper caused more deleterious effects over the Crustaceans than chromium, but these effects were different for each species. It was observed a different sensibility among the species and the development stages of Copepoda. A more severe reduction in the population abundance and production of eggs of Calanoida occurred in the copper contaminated mesocosms than in the chromium one. Cyclopoida were more resistant to the metal contamination than Calanoida. Cladocera were the most sensitive group, reducing Its abundance and egg production in the contaminated mesocosms, and presenting acute and chronic effects for both metals. It was observed differences in the sensibility among the species of Cladocera, and the competition for resources demonstrated to be an important factor in the succession of species. Several species of Rotifera were more sensitive to chromium than copper, and indirect effects of contamination, like changes in the competition for resources and predation, were important factors in the determination of the Rotifera population structure
Mendes, Lucas Bueno. "O uso de modelos ecossistêmicos e experimentos laboratoriais para avaliação dos efeitos do agrotóxico Mythos® (i.e. pyrimethanil) em ecossistemas aquáticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-18022016-130207/.
Full textThe increase in the consumption of pesticides, mainly in developing countries whose economic base is agriculture, as Brazil (first in the world ranking), has been associated to the expansion of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity losses, especially of non-target species, also including the risks to human health. In addition, the absence of policies and effective programs related to the regulation and use of pesticides in Brazil, and the establishment of restrictive standards based on results generated in temperate countries, make it becomes increasingly worrisome because it may underestimate the real risks of environmental contamination by pesticides in tropical ecosystems. In this context, the present study aim to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the pesticide pyrimethanil, a fungicide used in many temperate and tropical crops, upon a tropical aquatic community, considering laboratory experiments and the use of ecosystem models to evaluate these effects. To achieve the proposed objectives toxicity tests were performed with the species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae), Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis (zooplankton) and Danio rerio (fish), as well as an experiment in mesocosms, monitored for a long-term (15 days before and 366 days after infection), evaluating the physical and chemical variations, and also the responses of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities across the pyrimethanil contamination in an average concentration of 1.36 mg.L-1. In toxicity tests, the ECs obtained were 0.67 mg.L-1 (chronic) and 3.26 mg L-1 (acute) for C. silvestrii; 3,65 mg.L-1 (acute) for D. similis; 9.65 mg.L-1 for P. subcapitata; and the values obtained for D. rerio immobility were 10.45 mg.L-1 (96h) and 13.77 mg.L-1 (48h) and mortality were 27.45 mg.L-1 (96h) and 32.17 mg.L-1 (48h). The results of the experiments in mesocosms showed direct negative effects on zooplankton (reduced density and change in species composition) and indirect effects on phytoplankton, resulted from the decrease in grazing pressure in addition to the exclusion of some sensitive species. Even after the complete degradation of pyrimethanil, toxic effects were observed, demonstrating the high impact of this pesticide on aquatic ecosystems and the complexity of the dynamics of this type of contamination in natural ecosystems. The design of the experiment revealed to be appropriate for the study, generating important information about the impacts of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems. From the results, it is suggested an increase in the use of native tropical species in the toxicity laboratory tests. Also, this process should be complemented with experiments in ecosystem models, allowing the evaluation of the direct and indirect effects of contaminants in the population and in community level as well as a better understanding of these effects on ecosystem functions and services.
Moura, Caroline Gabriela Bezerra de. "Influ?ncia da mat?ria org?nica dissolvida al?ctone e aut?ctone sobre o balan?o de carbono em sistemas aqu?ticos: um experimento em mesocosmos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14026.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
O aumento da concentra??o de CO2 na atmosfera tem sido observado, principalmente a partir da revolu??o industrial. Uma das causas principais desse comportamento tem sido a queima de combust?veis f?sseis. Isso tem levado a altera??es globais no ciclo do carbono. Desta forma tem sido de suma import?ncia trabalhos que mostrem a influ?ncia dos sistemas em geral e suas contribui??es relativas na din?mica e ciclo do carbono. Dentro deste contexto, os ecossistemas aqu?ticos apresentam import?ncia no processamento da mat?ria org?nica produzida internamente nos sistemas aqu?ticos (aut?ctone), bem como a mat?ria org?nica trazida dos sistemas terrestres (al?ctone). Os principais organismos que metabolizam a mat?ria org?nica dissolvida (carbono org?nico dissolvido COD) presente nos sistemas aqu?ticos s?o as bact?rias. No entanto a qualidade da mat?ria org?nica determina a prefer?ncia e a via metab?lica (produ??o bacteriana - PB ou respira??o bacteriana - RB) pela qual o carbono ser? direcionado quando assimilado pelas bact?rias. Nos sistemas aqu?ticos a diversidade da mat?ria org?nica presente, muitas vezes estimula a produ??o bacteriana. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos do COD al?ctone e aut?ctone na PB e RB, al?m de avaliar o efeito da mistura de COD sobre o balan?o de CO2 no experimento de mesocosmo. Para testar os objetivos realizamos um experimento de mesocosmo com o arranjo experimental do tipo (2x2) destinado a simular condi??es onde houvesse o predom?nio de mat?ria org?nica aut?ctone (fitopl?ncton), al?ctone (detrito de vegeta??o terrestre) e ambas combinadas. Consistindo em quatro tratamentos incluindo o Controle. A dura??o do experimento foi de 42 dias. Verificamos no geral que os tratamentos enriquecidos com mat?ria org?nica al?ctone apresentaram as maiores taxas metab?licas (RB, CO2), o que provavelmente esteve relacionado ? qualidade da mat?ria org?nica utilizada. Conclu?mos que o aporte de mat?ria org?nica de origem terrestre resulta em aumento da atividade de decomposi??o resultando na condi??o de heterotrofia nos tanques estudados. Conclu?mos ainda que com o esgotamento da mat?ria, os tanques passaram a apresentarem-se subsaturados em CO2, resultando na condi??o de autotrofia. Conclu?mos tamb?m que nos tanques com mistura de fonte o efeito observado foi antag?nico.
The increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has been observed, mainly from the industrial revolution. One of the main causes of this behavior has been the burning of fossil fuels. This has led to changes in the global carbon cycle. Thus it has been extremely important work showing the influence of systems in general and their contributions on the dynamics and the carbon cycle. Within this context, aquatic ecosystems have importance in the processing of domestically produced organic matter in aquatic systems (indigenous) and the organic matter brought from the terrestrial (allochthonous). The main organisms that metabolize dissolved organic matter (dissolved organic carbon - DOC) present in aquatic systems is bacteria. However the quality of organic matter determines the preference and the metabolic pathway (bacterial production - PB or bacterial respiration - RB) by which carbon will be directed when assimilated by bacteria. In aquatic systems, the diversity of organic matter present, often stimulates bacterial production. Thus, the objectives were to evaluate the effects of allochthonous and autochthonous DOC in the PB and RB, and to evaluate the effect of mixing of DOC on the CO2 balance in the mesocosm experiment. For testing purposes we conducted a mesocosm experiment with the experimental arrangement of type (2x2) to simulate conditions where there was a predominance of autochthonous organic matter (phytoplankton), allochthonous (terrestrial vegetation detritus) and both combined. Consisting of four treatments including control. The experiment lasted 42 days. We note that in general the treatments enriched with allochthonous organic matter showed the highest metabolic rates (RB, CO2), which probably was related to the quality of organic matter used. We conclude that the input of organic matter from terrestrial origin results in increased activity of decomposition resulting in the condition of heterotrophy in the tanks studied. We also concluded that the exhaustion of matter, the tanks began to present themselves in subsaturados CO2, resulting in the condition of autotrophy. We also conclude that the tanks blend with the source of the observed effect was antagonistic.
Novelli, Andréa. "Efeito do Vertimec® 18CE e de seu princípio ativo, a abamectina, em ambiente aquático: uma análise laboratorial e in situ." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-19012011-102022/.
Full textThe Vertimec® 18EC, whose active ingredient is abamectin, has been commercialized in Brazil since 1994 as acaricide, insecticide and nematicide on fruit and vegetal crops and ornamental plants. Despite its widespread use and toxic classification as moderately hazardous, it is considered very dangerous to the environment, highly persistent and highly toxic to fish and microcrustaceans. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of Vertimec® 18EC in aquatic ecosystems through experimental laboratory and in situ studies, comprising different steps. In step 1, field experiments were performed associated to laboratory tests, evaluating if the runoff (from the precipitation of 19 mm in Vertimec® 18EC contaminated soil, in a concentration of 0.125 L/\'M POT.2\', recommended for strawberry crops) caused toxicity to test organisms Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio. In step 2 the effect of Vertimec® 18EC on the composition and density of zooplankton were evaluated by in situ experiments (mesocosms). Therefore, runoff water was transferred to the experimental units in the following treatments: 1) control of the mesocosm - C; 2) uncontaminated runoff - UC, runoff from the uncontaminated soil); 3) contaminated runoff - CR, runoff from the soil contaminated with Vertimec® 18EC; 4) direct application of Vertimec® 18EC - V; and 5) random sampling in order to verify crossed contamination among the mesocosms - A. Step 3 comprised determination of the sensitivity range of test organisms Daphnia similis, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio to abamectin (active ingredient). Results obtained displayed Vertimec® 18EC toxicity associated to runoff to all test organisms, with C. dubia being the most sensitive, with chronic toxicity occurring at a higher sample dilution (3.125%). Concerning the results for step 2, it was verified that Vertimec® 18EC associated with runoff and added directly into the mesocosms caused changes in the composition and density of zooplankton with deleterious effects especially to Copepoda and Cladocera with less effects to Rotifera. The results obtained for step 3 showed that abamectin is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, even at low concentrations, yielding 48 h EC50 values for D. similis of 5.1 ng/L, 96 h \'LC IND.50\' for C. xanthus of 2.67 \'mü\'g/L and 48 h \'LC IND.50\' for Danio rerio of 33 \'mü\'g/L. In this context, it was verified that Vertimec® 18EC and its active ingredient, abamectin, caused toxicity to the test organisms evaluated in this study in low concentrations, what demands restrictive measurements for the use of this pesticide.
Birck, Tiago. "Eficiência de predação de espécies nativas sobre a espécie exótica Oreochromis niloticus em diferentes complexidades de habitat." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1813.
Full textFundação Araucária
The practice of introducing species has brought great trouble to natural environments as a new species cause imbalance to the ecosystem and evolutionarily established his control has been one of the challenges for ecologists today. Thus, in mesocosms were experimentally analyzed the potential of juveniles of three species of piscivorous fish native (Salminus brasiliensis, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Brycon orbignyanus) in population control of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the role of habitat complexity in this predator-prey interaction. The invasive species Oreochromis niloticus was offered in 2,000L tanks as prey for predators in 1:10 rate (predator:prey) with four levels of habitat complexity (0%, 50%, 100% and natural) without food supply. The number of exemplary preyed was evaluated with 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 108 hours after started of the experiment. Salminus brasiliensis showed the highest efficiency of predation, whereas the complexity of habitat did not influence the consumption of prey. In this sense, the sample results indicate that S. brasiliensis species is most effective to control of O. niloticus populations, thus constituting an alternative to implementations of management actions on aquatic environments of the Paraná River.
A prática da introdução de espécies tem trazido grandes problemas aos ambientes naturais, pois a nova espécie causa desequilíbrio ao ecossistema estabelecido evolutivamente e seu controle tem sido um dos desafios de ecologistas na atualidade. Com isso, foram analisados experimentalmente em mesocosmos o potencial de juvenis de três espécies de peixes piscívoros nativos (Salminus brasiliensis, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans e Brycon orbignyanus) no controle populacional da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e o papel da complexidade de habitats nesta interação predador-presa. A espécie invasora Oreochromis niloticus foi oferecida como presa para os predadores em tanques de 2.000 L na proporção de 1:10 (predador:presa) com quatro níveis de complexidades de habitat (0%, 50%, 100% e natural). Foi avaliado o número de indivíduos predados em 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 e 108 horas. Salminus brasiliensis apresentou a maior eficiência de predação, enquanto que a complexidade de habitats não influenciou no consumo das presas. Neste sentido, os resultados indicam que a espécie S. brasiliensis é a mais eficiente no controle de populações de O. niloticus, constituindo dessa forma uma alternativa para implementações de ações de manejo em ambientes aquáticos no rio Paraná.
Vasconcelos, Francisco Rivera. "Efeitos da til?pia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, sobre a biomassa planct?nica e a transpar?ncia da ?gua ao longo de um gradiente de enriquecimento por nutrientes." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14016.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The omnivorous filter-feeding fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), can have negative effects on water quality enhancing the eutrophication process. These effects depend on the nutrient enrichment level in the water. We carried out a mesocosm experiment for five weeks in a tropical man-made lake in Brazil to test ifthe effects of tilapias depend on of the level of nutrient enrichment. The experiment lasted for 5 weeks and a factorial 2x5 experimental design was used where the presence and absence of tilapias were manipulated in combination to 5 different levels of nutrient load in a total of 10 treatments. A two way repeated measure ANOVA was performed to evaluate the effects of time (t), tilapia (F), nutrients (NP) and the interactions among these factors on: chlorophyll a, water transparency, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, N:P ratio, zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton biovolume. The tilapia effect was evident, but nutrient enrichment didn t have any effect on the variables analyzed. Tilapia decreased the water transparency, total zooplankton biomass, calanoid copepod biomass, nauplii copepod biomass and cladocerans biomass. On the other hand, tilapia had no effect on phytoplankton biovolume. This lack of effect on phytoplankton is probably due to tilapia grazing that may counteract the positive effect of tilapia on phytoplankton via trophic cascades and nutrient recycling. Hence, a reduction in tilapia stock would not be an effective way to reduce phytoplankton biomass and improve water quality
A til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) ? um peixe on?voro filtrador que pode ter efeitos negativos sobre a qualidade da ?gua favorecendo o processo de eutrofiz??o. Esses efeitos negativos dos peixes on?voros filtradores devem ser dependentes do n?vel de enriquecimento da ?gua por nutrientes. N?s realizamos um experimento em mesocosmos por cinco semanas em um lago artificial tropical para testar se os efeitos das til?pias s?o dependentes do n?vel de enriquecimento por nutrientes. O experimento teve dura??o de 5 semanas e consistiu num delineamento fatorial 2x5 onde 2 n?veis de til?pia (presen?a e aus?ncia) foram manipulados em combina??o com 5 diferentes niveis (aportes) de nutrientes num total de 10 tratamentos.. Uma ANOVA bifatorial com medidas repetidas no tempo foi realizada para testar os efeitos do tempo (t), da til?pia (F) e do nutriente (NP) e os efeitos de suas intera??es sobre a clorofila a, transpar?ncia do disco de Secchi, concentra??o de f?sforo e nitrog?nio total e a raz?o entre eles (N:P), al?m do efeito sobre a biomassa da comunidade zooplanct?nica e o biovolume de fitopl?ncton. O efeito da til?pia foi evidente, enquanto o enriquecimento por nutrientes n?o mostrou efeito algum. Quando presente, a til?pia diminuiu a transpar?ncia do disco de Secchi e a biomassa total do zoopl?ncton, de cop?podos calan?ides, na?plios de cop?podos e de clad?ceros. Por?m, nenhum efeito foi detectado da til?pia sobre o biovolume do fitopl?ncton. Essa aus?ncia de efeito pode ser devido a herbivoria da til?pia que contrabalan?a os seus efeitos positivos via cascata tr?fica e ciclagem de nutrientes. Desta forma, uma redu??o do estoque pesqueiro de til?pias para promover uma melhoria na qualidade da ?gua n?o afetaria a biomassa fitoplanct?nica e consequentemente n?o atingiria o seu objetivo
Mendes, Lucas Bueno. "Análise dos efeitos do agrotóxico Vertimec® 18CE em Danio rerio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) por meio de estudos experimentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-25042011-093638/.
Full textIn recent years the increased of pesticides use in the world has been concerned national and international agencies as a result of various environmental impacts and the serious implications to human health. Among the many products used in agriculture, stands out the pesticide Vertimec 18CE, nominated for 42 different uses, comprising 24 cultures, aimed to combat 17 different pests. Considering the environmental risks associated with pesticide use, it is necessary to carry out further studies to better understand the interrelationships within the process of contamination and the actual effects on aquatic biota. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Vertimec 18CE on Danio rerio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) through in situ experiments, by simulating the contamination of the aquatic environment by water from the surface runoff of contaminated and uncontaminated (control) soil, beyond the direct application of the contaminant in the water column, as well laboratory experiments with different dilutions of the runoff (simulating the contribution quantitatively different), with samples of the mesocoms and the assessment of the sensitivity to the commercial product Vertimec 18CE. For this we used two parcels of land with 8 \'M POT.2\' each and incline of 6%, one received a recommended dose contamination for the cultivation of strawberries (0.125 L per \'M POT. 2\') and the other only water spraying, as a control. Subsequently we simulated a 20 to 30 mm of rain and runoff water was collected for the addition of in situ and laboratory experiments with dilutions of runoff. Were performed physical and chemical analysis of runoff water and the mesocosms, as well as physical and chemical characterization of sediment of in situ experiment and the parcels of soil used. Limnological analyses of in situ experiment showed an increase of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids and turbidity, with effects on the concentration of chlorophyll, pheophytin, conductivity and dissolved oxygen. The results obtained in toxicity tests indicated differences between the laboratory tests (with more controlled conditions) and in situ (conditions closer to the natural system), registering only partial chronic toxicity in the in situ experiment, to treatment with direct pesticide contamination. There were no acute or chronic effects in laboratory experiments with dilutions or with runoff and water samples from mesocosms. Toxic effects reported in chronic toxicity tests indicated higher persistence of the commercial formulation in relation to its isolated active ingredient, abamectin, demonstrating the potential risks of the use of commercial product without prior studies. In relation to the sensitivity of LC50, 48h values were between 3.88 and 6.13 \'mü\'l/L Vertimec 18CE (medium value of 4.74 \'mü\'l/L), whereas the EC50, 48h values were among 2.46 and 5.63 \'mü\'l/L (medium value of 3.66 \'mü\'l/L). In the partial chronic test we obtained a values of 3.0 \'mü\'l/L, 2.0 and 2.5 \'mü\'l/L for LOEC, NOEC and CV, respectively.
Cruz, Patrícia Silva. "Grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos sob diferentes níveis de nutrientes: efeitos da piscicultura em abordagem experimental." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1717.
Full textThe high population growth around watershed areas, mainly from supply, has led aquatic ecosystems to show high contamination levels, mainly because the increasing of nitrogen and phosphorus availability. This study aims to elucidate how the impact of nutrients addition (phosphorus and nitrogen), from the pisciculture contribution, has interfered in the composition and in the dynamic of the functional phytoplankton groups and fish respiratory and digestive system. In this context, the functional groups applicability as descriptors of shallow eutrophic ecosystems with pisciculture activity is approached. The study was carried out from January to May 2010, with samplings carried out in fortnightly intervals at the subsurface. The abiotic variables which were obtained: temperature, water transparency, euphotic zone, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, n-ammoniacal, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus. The functional groups have been grouped based in the ecological/adaptive features. In general, the variation of light availability has been one of the main attributes related to changes in the planktonic algae composition in the different used treatments. The phytoplankton associations which have been identified were typical from eutrophic shallow environments and the strategies CRS have registered a predominance of R strategists, generally associated to environments with light limitation. As a response to the alterations which have occurred at the mesoenvironments, it has been evidenced in the fish intestine and gills the presence of parasites, which were favored by the storage and decay in the water quality, killing some fish copies by asphyxia and also by the hepatocytes massive death (hepatic failure), due to high contribution of N and P from fertilizations, feeding, from the fish metabolism and from its release in the water column because the organic matter degradation of the dead organisms, including algae.
O elevado crescimento populacional em torno de áreas de mananciais, principalmente de abastecimento, têm levado os ecossistemas aquáticos a apresentar altos níveis de contaminação, principalmente pelo aumento da disponibilidade de nitrogênio e fósforo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, elucidar como o impacto da adição de nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio), proveniente do aporte da piscicultura, interfere na composição e dinâmica dos grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos e sistema digestório e respiratório dos peixes. Neste contexto, a aplicabilidade dos grupos funcionais como descritores de ecossistemas rasos eutrofizados com atividade de piscicultura é abordado. O estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro a maio de 2010, com amostragens realizadas em intervalos quinzenais na subsuperfície. As variáveis abióticas obtidas foram: temperatura, transparência da água, zona eufótica, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, n-amoniacal, nitrato, nitrito, fósforo total, fósforo reativo solúvel. Os grupos funcionais foram agrupadas com base nas características ecológicas/adaptativas. Em geral, a variação na disponibilidade de luz foi um dos principais atributos relacionados à mudança na composição das algas planctônicas nos diferentes tratamentos. As associações fitoplanctônicas identificadas foram típicas de ambientes rasos eutróficos e as estratégias CRS registraram predominância de R estrategistas, geralmente associados a ambientes com limitação por luz. Como resposta as alterações ocorridas nos mesoambientes, foram evidenciados no intestino e brânquias dos peixes a presença de parasitas, favorecidos pela estocagem e a deterioração na qualidade da água, provocando a morte de alguns exemplares por asfixia e também pela morte massiva hepatocitária (insuficiência hepática), decorrente do elevado aporte de N e P advindo das fertilizações, arraçoamento, do metabolismo dos peixes e da sua liberação na coluna d‟ água em conseqüência da degradação da matèria orgânica dos organismos mortos, incluindo as algas.
Resende, Juliana Cristina de. "Efeitos diretos e indiretos do agrotóxico Vertimec® 18 CE e de girinos de Lithobates catesbeianus nos ecossistemas de água doce: um estudo em mesocosmos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-27102015-152544/.
Full textAquatic ecosystems have been impacted due to the intensive use of pesticides and the introduction of exotic species. It is essential to use more realistic experiments for assessing direct and indirect effects of these activities on aquatic communities. This thesis aimed to analyze the effects of the pesticide Vertimec® 18 EC, whose active ingredient is abamectin, on plankton community through a mesocosm experiment during 20 days. Tadpoles of the species Lithobates catesbeianus were introduced in some treatments to simulate complex biological relationships and to evaluate the impact of the introduction of such exotic species on plankton. Different treatments were analyzed, including one case of no contamination (control) and two cases of contamination: 2 μL L-1 (multiple dose) and 8 μL L-1 (single dose). Such conditions were considered both with absence and presence of tadpoles. Physical, chemical and biological (chlorophyll a, qualitative and quantitative aspects of phytoplankton and zooplankton) variables of water and sediment were also monitored. The tadpoles caused an increase in the concentration of nutrients and a decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration and plankton density. In the contaminated treatments, as an indirect effect of the nutrient increase and the mortality of species of Cladocera and Copepoda, the density of phytoplankton and some tolerant species of rotifers increased. In the treatment with the highest concentration of the pesticide, all the tadpoles died. As a result of the death of the tadpoles, there was nutrient enrichment in the water, with an associated increase in the density of some phytoplankton species, reaching a total density of 96,919 ind mL-1. These results suggested that direct and indirect effects occurred on plankton community and water quality through the addition of the contaminant and the tadpoles. We conclude that the mesocosms might contribute to the understanding of these effects and provide subsidies for management of freshwater ecosystems impacted by human activities.
Ribeiro, Sara Pacheco. "Estudo dos efeitos de alterações climáticas nas interações bióticas em ambientes aquáticos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26431.
Full textBrooks, Bryan W. "Ecotoxicological Investigations in Effluent-Dominated Stream Mesocosms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3359/.
Full textSani, A. "Treatment performance assessments of different wetland mesocosms." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36909/.
Full textKermoysan, Goulwen de. "Caractérisation de la dynamique de population de l’épinoche à trois épines, Gasterosteus aculeatus, dans un mésocosme lotique : Application à l'évaluation des effets du bisphénol A dans un contexte écosystémique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0050/document.
Full textEcotoxicity tests in ecosystemic conditions, such as those that can be performed in mesocosms, providea substantial ecological relevance. They permit to integrate complex inter-species interactions, interactionsbetween the organisms and the environmental conditions, and permit to assess perturbations witha systemic view. However, in return, these systems present a high variability that should be reduced,through experimental standardization or by identifying explicative factors, to better assess the differencebetween the outputs of the different treatments. In this thesis, we also focused on one species, of fish,the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), considering that it is good indicator of the healthstatus of the experimental ecosystem. We suggest that is more appropriate to focus on an integrativespecies in parallel to a global analysis in the context of mesocosms studies.The goal of this thesis was thus to better understand sticklebacks population dynamics in INERIS mesocosmsto improve the experimental protocols and the data analysis in ecotoxicity studies. To achieve thisgoal, studies were performed to characterize life cycle traits and processes of the species ; an experimentalprotocol was proposed to perform mesocosms studies with a focus on fish population dynamics; the datafrom two years of mesocosms studies in control conditions permitted to better understand the confoundingfactors ; we applied the methodolgoy to assess the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on fish populationdynamics with expsoure concentrations 0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L BPA.We could describe and explain stickleback population dynamics divided by four periods: first a massiveabundance increase due to the first reproduction of the founders in the mesocosms; second an importantdecrease due to the saturation of the system ; third a short increase ; finaly a new drop due to the endof reproduction. For BPA, effects were observed both at individual and at population levels
Reyes, Claudia Yolanda. "Simulação do Intemperismo em Mesocosmos para Petróleos Brasileiros." Instituto de Geociências, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21560.
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Esta pesquisa faz parte do Projeto DEMBPETRO (Desenvolvimento de Multibioprocesso de Remediação Aplicável em áreas Costeiras Impactadas por Atividades Petrolíferas), financiado pelo CNPq (Processo nº 4026663/2013-6). Abrangeu investigações relacionadas ao intemperismo dos compostos do petróleo (alcanos normais n-C8 a n-C40, Pristano, Fitano, terpanos, esteranos e HPAs) de amostras de petróleos das Bacias de Campos, Potiguar, Recôncavo, Santos e SergipeAlagoas. Foram aplicados testes simulando vazamento artificial de óleo cru em mesocosmos de ambientes marinhos, com o monitoramento e a avaliação de amostras intemperizadas, durante os intervalos de tempo 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias. Para avaliar o intemperismo, foram usados índices de depleção e intemperismo, baseados na abundância molecular das substâncias monitoradas. Observou-se grande degradação para os componentes de baixo peso molecular, até a amostragem do dia 90, além do incremento na abundância dos alcanos ≥ n-C19, dos terpanos e do HPAs, para todos os petróleos, a partir do dia 120. Os índices de depleção (IDT e ID), propostos para avaliar o intemperismo dos alcanos lineares, baseados na relação dos isoprenoides, evidenciaram alto grau de correlação com outros descritos na literatura especializada. Foi observado que a normalização dos alcanos com base no H30, como padrão interno, deve ser aplicada só em óleos altamente degradados e que ainda preservem o H30. O crescimento e decréscimo da quantidade de componentes a partir do dia 90, foram associados com os processos intempéricos concomitantes para cada tipo de óleo, o que favoreceu a degradação das frações mais pesadas, indicando elevada intemperização, que ocasionou o aumento dos compostos do petróleo de menor complexidade e peso. O óleo cru da Bacia de Campos mostrou pouca modificação intempérica na mancha dos mesocosmos, durante os 180 dias de teste, uma vez que esse petróleo já apresentava originalmente alguma biodegradação. Já os demais óleos crus avaliados, exibiram grande diminuição da mancha nos experimentos, em concordância com os resultados geoquímicos obtidos. Em todos os petróleos a relação HTP/UCM e os índices de degradação, intemperismo e depleção, indicaram níveis de degradação na ordem decrescente Sergipe-Alagoas > Santos > Potiguar > Recôncavo > Campos. O NOR25H hopano foi detectado em todos os petróleos, nas amostragens dos dias 150 e 180, indicando petróleos severamente degradados. Em geral, a análise de componentes principais dos dados paramétricos do intemperismo, mostrou três agrupamentos relacionados com os índices de maior correlação para cada tempo de intemperização.
ABSTRACT - This research is part of DEMBPETRO Project (Development Applicable Multibioprocesso Remediation in Impacted areas by Coastal Petroleum Activities), funded by CNPq (Process No. 4026663 / 2013-6). Covered avaliations related to petroleum compound weathering (normal alkanes n-C8 n-C40, pristane, phytane, terpanes and steranes and PAHs) of samples from Campos, Potiguar, Reconcavo, Santos, and Sergipe-Alagoas. We were applied tests simulating artificial oil spill in mesocosms of marine environment, monitoring and evaluating the weathered samples during the interval time of 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days. To evaluate the weathering, we used depletion and weathering indices, based on molecular abundance of substances monitored, displaying extensive degradation of low molecular weight components until day 90 sampling. It was observed an increase in alkanes abundance ≥ n C19, terpanes, and PAHs for all petroleum samples, from the day 120. The depletion index (TDI and DI) proposed to evaluate the weathering of linear alkanes, based on the isoprenoid ratios showed a high degree of correlation with others described in the literature. It was observed that alkane normalization based on H30 as internal standard should be applied only in highly degraded oils and still preservating the H30. The increase and decrease in the amount of components from day 90 were associated with concomitant weathering processes for each type of petroleum, which favored the degradation of heavier fractions, indicating high weathering, resulting in an increase of the compounds of smaller complexity and weight. Crude oil from the Campos Basin, showed little weathering change in the mesocosms of the tanks during the 180-day trial because this oil already presented originally some biodegration. The other crude oils exhibited great patch size decline during the experiments, in accordance with the geochemical results. In all petroleum samples the TPH / UCM ratios, degradation, weathering, and depletion indexes indicated degradation levels in descresing order Sergipe-Alagoas> Santos> Potiguar> Reconcavo> Campos. The hopane NOR25H was detected in all crude oil sampled from 150 and 180 days, indicating severely degradation. In general, the principal component analysis of the weathering parametric data showed three groups associated with indexes of greater correlations for each weathering time.
Oliveira, Aline Fernandes de. "Influência da adição de nitrato de cálcio e de PhoslockTM no abatimento dos fluxos de nutrientes e metais na interface sedimento-coluna de água em um sistema lacustre eutrofizado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6528.
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This research project evaluated the changes in the fluxes of nutrients and metals at the sediment-water interface as a result of sediment treatment by the additions of PhoslockTM and calcium nitrate solution. The experiments were executed in situ using mesocosms that were assembled in the Ibirité Reservoir (MG). The calcium nitrate addition experiments showed nutrients flux abatement for Porthophosphate, ammoniacal-N and nitrate-N that were ≥ 90% whilst for the metals Fe and Mn the percentages reached 48 and 69%, respectively, as a result of sediment oxidation promoted by the intensification of denitrification rates. For the PhoslockTM addition the percentages of reduction in the fluxes across sediment-water interface was over 90% for P-orthophosphate and ammoniacal-N, 78% for nitrate-N and for the metals, Fe and Mn, 47 and 50%, respectively, as a result of the increased adsorption capacity of sediments due an excess of adsorbent material left on sediment surface.
Este projeto avaliou a capacidade de abatimento dos fluxos de metais e nutrientes na interface sedimento-coluna de água da represa de Ibirité (MG), comparando-se duas diferentes tecnologias de remediação de sistemas lacustres, a adição de PhoslockTM e de nitrato de cálcio. Os experimentos foram realizados in situ, com montagem de mesocosmos na citada represa. Os resultados referentes ao tratamento com injeção de nitrato de cálcio mostraram, em função da oxidação dos sedimentos promovida por esta tecnologia, um abatimento dos fluxos de nutrientes (P-ortofosfato, N-amoniacal, N-nitrato) iguais ou superiores a 90%, enquanto que para os metais Fe e Mn, as porcentagens de abatimento de fluxo alcançaram 48 e 69%, respectivamente. Para o tratamento dos sedimentos com a adição de PhoslockTM, devido ao aumento da capacidade de adsorção dos sedimentos promovida pelo excesso de material adsorvente depositado na superfície dos mesmos, as porcentagens de redução dos fluxos sedimento-água foram superiores a 90% para o P-ortofosfato e N-amoniacal, 78% para o N-nitrato, e para os metais (Fe e Mn), 47 e 50%, respectivamente.
Menezes, Rosemberg Fernandes de. "?Efeitos da til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e do enriquecimento por nutrientes sobre a comunidade planct?nica em um lago artificial no semi-?rido brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12476.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
?The major aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the introduction of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the enrichment with nutrients (N and P) interact synergistically to change the structure of plankton communities, increase phytoplankton biomass and decrease water transparency of a semi-arid tropical reservoir. One field experiment was performed during five weeks in twenty enclosures (8m3) to where four treatments were randomly allocated: with tilapia addition (T), with nutrients addition (NP), with tilapia and nutrients addition (T+NP) and a control treatment with no tilapia or nutrients addition (C). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was done to test for time (t), tilapia (T) and nutrient (NP) effects and their interaction on water transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The results show that there was no effect of nutrient addition on these variables but significant fish effects on the biomass of total zooplankton, nauplii, rotifers, cladocerans and calanoid copepods, on the biovolume of Bacillariophyta, Zygnemaphyceae and large algae (GALD ? 50 ?m) and on Secchi depth. In addition, we found significant interaction effects between tilapia and nutrients on Secchi depth and rotifers. Overall, tilapia decreased the biomass of most zooplankton taxa and large algae (diatoms) and decreased the water transparency while nutrient enrichment increased the biomass of zooplankton (rotifers) but only in the absence of tilapia. In conclusion, the influence of fish on the reservoir plankton community and water transparency was greater than that of nutrient loading. This finding suggests that biomanipulation should be a greater priority in the restoration of eutrophic reservoirs in tropical semi-arid regions
?O principal objetivo deste estudo foi testar a hip?tese de que a introdu??o da til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e o enriquecimento por nutrientes (N e P) interagem sinergicamente ocasionando mudan?as na estrutura da comunidade planct?nica atrav?s do aumento da biomassa fitoplanct?nica e diminui??o da transpar?ncia da ?gua em um reservat?rio tropical do semi-?rido. Um experimento de campo foi realizado durante cinco semanas em vinte mesocosmos (8m3) nos quais quatro tratamentos foram alocados aleatoriamente: com adi??o de til?pia (T), com adi??o de nutrientes (NP), com adi??o de til?pia e nutrientes (T+NP) e um tratamento controle sem adi??o de til?pia ou nutrientes (C). Uma ANOVA bifatorial com medidas repetidas foi realizada para testar os efeitos do tempo, da til?pia (T) e dos nutrientes (NP) e seus efeitos de intera??o sobre a transpar?ncia da ?gua, f?sforo total, fitopl?ncton e zoopl?ncton. Os resultados mostraram que n?o houve efeito da adi??o de nutrientes sobre essas vari?veis mas houve um efeito significativo dos peixes sobre a biomassa do zoopl?ncton total, n?uplios, rot?feros, clad?ceros e cop?podos calan?ides, sobre o biovolume de Bacillariophyta, Zygnemaphyceae e algas de grande porte (GALD ? 50?m) e sobre a profundidade do disco de Secchi. Al?m disso, foi encontrado um efeito significativo da intera??o entre as til?pias e nutrientes sobre a profundidade do disco de Secchi e tamb?m sobre a biomassa de rot?feros. As til?pias diminu?ram a biomassa da maioria dos taxa zooplanct?nicos, das algas de grande porte e diminu?ram a transpar?ncia da ?gua, enquanto que o enriquecimento por nutrientes aumentou a biomassa do zoopl?ncton (rotiferos) mas somente na aus?ncia das til?pias. Portanto podemos concluir que a influ?ncia dos peixes sobre a comunidade planct?nica do reservat?rio e a transpar?ncia da ?gua foi maior do que o aporte por nutrientes, sugerindo assim que a biomanipula??o deve ter maior prioridade na restaura??o de reservat?rios eutrofizados em regi?es semi-?ridas tropicais
BORGES, Brena Márcia de Freitas. "Influência de um pesticida sobre girinos nectônicos em mesocosmos." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/2038.
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CNPq
The consequences of repeated applications of pesticides in relatively low concentrations to develop tadpoles can be very negative, but were still slightly evaluated. In this study we used the nektonic tadpoles Dendropsophus minutus Peters, 1872 in 32 artificial ponds (8 replicates per treatment) to evaluate the influence of a pesticides commonly used in agricultural fields in Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Nymphs of dragonflies have colonized some tanks, but its presence did not differ significantly between tanks of different treatments had no effect as a covariate in the analyses. We tested the effect of different concentrations of Paration Metílico (zero for the control, 0,04µg L-1; 0,1µg L-1; 0,2µg L-1), using the commercial formulation Mentox 600, with an overcoating with 10 days apart. Survival andsize (snout-vent length and mass) of metamorphs did not differ significantly among treatments. But time to metamorphosis was longer on tanks with the higher concentration of the pesticide (ANCOVA: F3, 21= 3,777; p=0,026) in relation to tanks with the intermediate concentration. This longer time to metamorphosis can be a risk to populations that inhabit temporary ponds. Deformed metamorphs occurred in tanks with pesticide, as the death of tadpoles on metamorphosis probably due to problems on limbs and drowning.
As consequências de aplicações repetidas de pesticidas em concentrações relativamente baixas para o desenvolvimento de girinos podem ser muito negativas, mas ainda foram pouco avaliadas. Neste estudo utilizamos os girinos nectônicos de Dendropsophus minutus Peters, 1872 em 32 poças artificiais (8 repetições por tratamento) para avaliar a influência de um pesticida comumente utilizado em campos agrícolas no Maranhão, nordeste do Brasil. Ninfas de libélulas colonizaram alguns tanques, mas essa presença não diferiu significativamente entre os tanques dos diferentes tratamentos e não teve efeito como covariável nas análises. Testamos o efeito de três diferentes concentrações do Paration Metílico (zero para o controle; 0,04µg L-1; 0,1µg L-1; 0,2µg L-1), utilizando a formulação comercial Mentox 600, com uma reaplicação com 10 dias de intervalo. A sobrevivência e o tamanho (comprimento rostro cloacal e massa) dos metamorfos e a taxa de crescimento até a metamorfose não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Mas o desenvolvimento foi mais longo no tratamento com maior concentração de pesticida (ANCOVA: F3, 21= 3,777; p=0,026), em relação à concentração intermediária, o que pode representar um risco para populações que vivem em ambientes temporários. Houve a ocorrência de metamorfos com deformações nos membros nos tanques artificiais de concentração mais e menos elevada, além da morte de girinos em metamorfose por possível problemas nas patas e afogamento.
Ashforth, Elizabeth Jane. "Bacterial diversity in an arenicola marina L. bioturbated mesocosm." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500948.
Full textReynier, Marcia Vieira. "Efeitos de um derrame simulado de petróleo sobre a comunidade planctônica costeira em Angra dos Reis (RJ)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1560.
Full textConcern with the effect of oil spills in coastal regions resulting from the production, refining and transport of this product has been one of the priorities of the institutions working with this sector. Consequently, there is a large demand for research on the impacts of by accidents on the environment and, particularly, on natural communities. In the present study, a mesocosm experiment was used to evaluate the effects of a mixture of light Arabian and Russian oil with the chemical dispersant Corexit® 9500, over a coastal plankton community. The experiment was carried out in Rio de Janeiro and lasted 25 consecutive days. Three replicates were used as control, with only seawater, three were treated with 800 mL of petroleum and the other three were treated with the mixture 800 mL of petroleum and 80 mL of dispersant. The chemical alterations in the water were striking, especially the rise in the concentration of organic compounds. The results demonstrated a severe reduction of phytoplankton density, as a result of the addition of oil. There was also a change in the composition of the organism groups, with alteration of dominance of diatoms to phytoflagelates. Similar effect was found for the zooplankton. Both the oil and its mixture with dispersant resulted in a reduction of population densities and changes, or disappearance, of some components. Meroplanktonic organisms had a higher sensitivity to the acute effects of the oil and oil-dispersant mixture than holoplanktonic organisms. Copepods were resistant to the effects of oil and oil-dispersant mixture. Among the herbivores, Acartia lilljeborgi had greater resistance to the acute toxic effect of oil, whereas Pseudodiaptomus acutus was more resistant to the chronic effects of both oil and the mixture. Among carnivores, Oithona hebes appeared as a resistant species to both acute and chronical effects. Mesocosms were shown to be useful for investigating the effects of oil spills on marine environments since standardized laboratory tests with algae and invertebrate test-organisms corroborated the field findings.
A avaliação dos efeitos de derrames de petróleo nas regiões costeiras decorrentes das atividades de produção, refinamento ou transporte deste produto tem sido uma das prioridades das instituições ligadas a este setor e há uma demanda muito grande de pesquisas sobre os impactos ocasionados por estes sobre o ambiente e as comunidades naturais, em particular. No presente estudo a experimentação em mesocosmos foi utilizada para avaliar os efeitos do derrame do petróleo ARLE/URAL e deste tratado com o dispersante químico Corexit® 9500, sobre uma comunidade planctônica costeira. O experimento foi realizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil e teve a duração de 25 dias consecutivos (19/06 a 13/07/2002). Os tratamentos foram feitos em triplicata com um volume aproximado de 1,7m3 de água do mar em cada unidade. Foram utilizadas três réplicas como controle, contendo apenas água do mar, três réplicas foram tratadas com 800 mL de petróleo e três outras réplicas foram tratadas com a mistura de 800 mL de petróleo e 80 mL de dispersante. As alterações químicas na água foram marcantes, principalmente em relação ao aumento na concentração dos compostos orgânicos. Os resultados evidenciaram uma redução severa na densidade do fitoplâncton, em decorrência da adição do óleo ou da mistura de óleo e dispersante. Houve também uma mudança na composição dos grupos, com alteração da dominância de diatomáceas para fitoflagelados. Em relação aos grupos zooplanctônicos também foi observado um efeito mais acentuado no tratamento com petróleo e dispersante. Os organismos meroplanctônicos foram mais sensíveis ao petróleo do que os holoplanctônicos. Os copépodes foram dominantes, em todos os tratamentos. A espécie herbívora Acartia lilljeborgi foi mais resistente ao efeito agudo do petróleo, enquanto Pseudodiaptomus acutus foi mais resistente ao efeito crônico Entre os Copepoda carnívoros Oithona hebes foi a espécie mais resistente, tanto ao impacto agudo quanto ao impacto crônico. Os mesocosmos são adequados para a avaliação dos efeitos do derrame de petróleo ou da mistura de petróleo e dispersante, como corroborado pelos estudos de toxicidade com algas e organismos-teste invertebrados, que corroboraram os efeitos observados em campo. A utilização de dispersante químico na etapa de remediação após os derrames necessita ser reavaliada tendo em vista os resultados deste trabalho que indicam que a mistura petróleodispersante é ainda mais tóxica do que o petróleo sozinho.
Driscoll, Kendra. "FATE OF LIMESTONE DISSOLUTION PRODUCTS IN ACIDIC METALCONTAMINATED SOIL MESOCOSMS." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2145.
Full textSagarin, Raphael D., John Adams, Carol A. Blanchette, Richard C. Brusca, Jon Chorover, Julia E. Cole, Fiorenza Micheli, et al. "Between control and complexity: opportunities and challenges for marine mesocosms." WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621417.
Full textWang, Wenwen. "The fate of deposited 15N in a plant-soil mesocosm." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
Find full textWhittle, Don. "Stream mesocosms in ecological risk assessment : experimental, analytical and ecological considerations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339940.
Full textWarren, Marie. "Abundance and occupancy : use of a mesocosm to test pattern and process." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27789.
Full textThesis (PhD (Entomology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Zoology and Entomology
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Sauer, Robert Eugene Jr. "Development and use of saltmarsh mesocosms in studies of sedimentary mercury transformation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19608.
Full textFletcher, Rachael. "Diagnostic capacity of laboratory mesocosms, response of macroinvertebrate communities to sediment contamination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38239.pdf.
Full textPalmer, Huckleberry Richardson. "High rates of ammonia removal in constructed treatment wetland mesocosms using oxygenation." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/h_palmer_042508.pdf.
Full textHarris, Rebecca Margaret Louise. "The effect of experimental drought disturbance on macroinvertebrate assemblages in stream mesocosms." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435312.
Full textRomero, Blanch Ferran. "Multiple stressor effects on river biofilm communities: from community composition to ecosystem processes using experimental mesocosms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668838.
Full textL’explotació dels ecosistemes fluvials per part dels humans, així com la creixent amenaça que representa el canvi climàtic, posa els rius arreu del món en risc. Als rius, els microorganismes son ecològicament molt importants. Als rius, la majoria d’aquests microorganismes es troben situats en contacte directe amb el substrat, on formen una capa mucilaginosa coneguda com a biofilm. És urgent avaluar els efectes dels anomenats “estressors” (incloent- hi compostos químics, l’augment de temperatura de l’aigua, o la sequera...) en els biofilms de riu. En aquesta tesi s’han usat rius artificials per avaluar l’efecte individual i combinat d’estressors múltiples en biofilm de riu. Els resultats indiquen que la sequera és l’estressor més important, i que els diferents components del biofilm (bacteris, algues) poden adaptar-se a la presència combinada d’estressors només parcialment, ja que mostres alteracions en funcions ecològiques com la producció d’oxigen, i la degradació de matèria orgànica
Mukherjee, Dibyendu. "Degradation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Mesocosms Simulating a Constructed Wetland, at WPAFB, Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1206563697.
Full textFurtado, Mariana Scrochio Rudge. "Efeitos do enriquecimento com fósforo e nitrogênio na estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica em uma lagoa um estudo experimental /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150205.
Full textResumo: Ambientes eutrofizados são resultantes de um aumento da concentração de nutrientes, que eleva a produtividade do ecossistema aquático, ao nível de eutrofia e/ou hipertrofia. O objetivo foi observar mudanças na composição e densidade da comunidade zooplanctônica em resposta ao enriquecimento com nitrogênio e fósforo, sendo esperada a diminuição da diversidade e mudanças na abundância relativa de algumas espécies residentes. O experimento consistiu na instalação de 6 mesocosmos, 3 para o tratamento controle e 3 para o tratamento com enriquecimento, na região litorânea da lagoa. O período experimental foi de 35 dias: 3 dias para a instalação dos mesocosmos, 12 dias de enriquecimento e 20 dias sem enriquecimento para avaliação da resiliência da comunidade. Foram realizadas medidas de variáveis físicas (condutividade elétrica, pH, radiação subaquática), químicas (nitrito, nitrato, nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo e nitrogênio total, ortofosfato, oxigênio dissolvido) e biológicas (concentração de clorofila a e amostras quantitativas e qualitativas da comunidade zooplanctônica) nos mesocosmos. Foram encontrados 88 táxons (51 de Rotifera, 21 de Cladocera e 16 de Copepoda). Houve maior riqueza e diversidade de Rotifera nos dois tratamentos, sendo que, nos mesocosmos enriquecidos, obtivemos maiores médias de riqueza. Em relação à densidade, os três grupos diferiram entre os tratamentos. Para Rotifera, ocorreu predomínio dos componentes do gênero Polyarthra e da espécie Gastropus stylifer;... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Moreno, de Castro María [Verfasser]. "Propagation of uncertainties in mesocosm experiments on ocean acidification / María Moreno de Castro." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102933058/34.
Full textParent, Serge. "The role of meiofauna in the nitrogen cycle of a cold marine mesocosm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ48110.pdf.
Full textTritschler, Sarah J. "Biogeochemical Processes and Seasonal Effects in Flow-Through Mesocosm Reactors Simulating Constructed Wetlands." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1198819178.
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