Journal articles: 'Mesons Quark models'

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BALL, R. D. "MESONS, SKYRMIONS AND BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 23 (December 10, 1990): 4391–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001847.

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We review the construction of low energy effective actions for QCD expressed in terms of mesons and baryons rather than quarks and gluons. The mesons consist of quark-antiquark pairs bound by effective gluon exchange, while the baryons contain three valence quarks, also bound by effective gluon exchange, but enveloped in a meson cloud (the “sea quarks”), which may take the form of a chiral soliton. Such a “chiral quark soliton model” offers a unified approach to the various superficially dissimilar models of baryons currently popular, in particular constituent quark models, chiral bags, and Skyrmions, permitting an objective assessment of which is likely to be the most useful for a given physical problem.

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Ping, Jialun, Chengrong Deng, Hongxia Huang, Fangfang Dong, and Fan Wang. "Quark models for mesons." EPJ Web of Conferences 20 (2012): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122001007.

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Olsen, Stephen Lars. "New hadron spectroscopies." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 29 (January 2014): 1460250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602506.

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QCD-motivated models for hadrons predict an assortment of "exotic" hadrons that have structures that are more complex than the quark-antiquark mesons and three-quark baryons of the original quark-parton model. These include pentaquark baryons, the six-quark H-dibaryon, and tetraquark and glueball mesons. Despite extensive experimental searches, no unambiguous candidates for any of these exotic configurations have yet to be identified. On the other hand, a number of meson states, one that seems to be a proton-antiproton bound state, and others that contain either charmed-anticharmed quark pairs or bottom-antibottom quark pairs, have been recently discovered that neither fit into the quark-antiquark meson picture nor match the expected properties of the QCD-inspired exotics. Here I briefly review results from a recent search for the H-dibaryon, and discuss some properties of the newly discovered states –the so-called XYZ mesons– and compare them with expectations for conventional quark-antiquark mesons and the predicted QCD-exotic states.

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SEGOVIA, J., D. R. ENTEM, F. FERNANDEZ, and E. HERNANDEZ. "CONSTITUENT QUARK MODEL DESCRIPTION OF CHARMONIUM PHENOMENOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 10 (October 2013): 1330026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313300269.

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We review how quark models are able to describe the phenomenology of the charm meson sector. The spectroscopy and decays of charmonium and open charm mesons are described in a particular quark model and compared with the data and the results of other existing models in the literature. A quite reasonable global description of the heavy meson spectra is reached. A new assignment of the ψ(4415) resonance as a 3D state leaving aside the 4S state to the X(4360) is tested through the analysis of the resonance structure in e+e- exclusive reactions around the ψ(4415) energy region. We make tentative assignments of some of the XYZ mesons. To elucidate the structure of the 1+cs states, i.e., Ds1(2460) and Ds1(2536), we study the strong decay properties of the Ds1(2536) meson. We also perform a calculation of the branching fractions for the semileptonic decays of B and Bs mesons into final states containing orbitally excited charmed and charmed-strange mesons, which have become a very important source of information about the structure of heavy mesons. Analysis of the nonleptonic B-meson decays into D(*)DsJ are also included.

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Afonin, S. S., and I. V. Pusenkov. "Note on universal description of heavy and light mesons." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 35 (November 17, 2014): 1450193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501934.

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The experimental spectrum of excited S-wave vector mesons with hidden quark flavor reveals a remarkable property: For all flavors, it is approximately linear in mass squared, [Formula: see text], n is the radial quantum number. We draw attention to the fact that such a universal behavior for any quark mass cannot be obtained in a natural way within the usual semirelativistic potential and string-like models — if the Regge-like behavior is reproduced for the mesons composed of the light quarks, the trajectories become essentially nonlinear for the heavy-quark sector. In reality, however, the linearity for the heavy mesons appears to be even better than for the light ones. In addition, the slope a is quite different for different quark flavors. This difference is difficult to understand within the QCD string approach since the slope measures the interaction strength among quarks. We propose a simple way for reparametrization of the vector spectrum in terms of quark masses and universal slope and intercept. Our model-independent analysis suggests that the quarks of any mass should be regarded as static sources inside mesons while the interaction between quarks is substantially relativistic.

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Tandy, PC, and MR Frank. "Composite Mesons in Self-confining Chiral Solitons." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 3 (1991): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910181.

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Most quark-meson models for formation of a baryon as a bag or soliton solution begin with elementary local meson fields including a classical scalar configuration that provides repulsion of valence quarks from the vacuum. We explore aspects of the very different formation mechanism that operates in a model where chira\ effective meson fields are composite objects generated from bilocal qq fluctuation fields and the dynamical quark mass can be self-confining. Speculations are made on whether this viewpoint can motivate meson-nucleon relativistic field models containing intrinsic cutoffs for use in nuclear physics.

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GREEN, A. M., and J. A. NISKANEN. "THE 3P0-VERSUS 3S1-MODELS FOR QUARK-ANTIQUARK ANNIHILATION." Modern Physics Letters A 01, no. 07 (October 1986): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732386000555.

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A comparison is made between the 3S1- and 3P0-models for quark-antiquark annihilation or creation. Even though the former appears, at first sight, to be superior for [Formula: see text] annihilation into two mesons, it is argued from their effects in meson decays that this conclusion is premature.

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VIJAYA KUMAR, K. B., BHAVYASHRI, YONG-LIANG MA, and ANTONY PRAKASH MONTEIRO. "P-WAVE MESON SPECTRUM IN A RELATIVISTIC MODEL WITH INSTANTON INDUCED INTERACTION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 22 (September 10, 2009): 4209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09044565.

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On the basis of the phenomenological relativistic harmonic models for quarks, we have obtained the masses of P-wave mesons. The full Hamiltonian used in the investigation has Lorentz scalar + vector confinement potential, along with one-gluon-exchange potential (OGEP) and the instanton-induced quark–antiquark interaction (III). A good agreement is obtained with the experimental masses. The respective role of III and OGEP for the determination of the meson masses is discussed.

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Shen, Chengping, and Suxian Li. "Experimental Review of Hadron Spectroscopy." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600054.

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Since the invention of the quark model in 1964 hadrons are formed from a quark-antiquark pair called mesons or three quarks called baryons. However, QCD-motivated models for hadrons predict more complex structures on the hadrons components called generically exotics. These include tetraquark, pentaquark, the six-quark H-dibaryon, hybrid, and glueball mesons. Exotic hadrons have been systematically searched for in many experiments and studied in theories. In the past decade, lots of new hadrons that cannot fit into the normal mesons or baryons were discovered, the so-called [Formula: see text] states. Even so, no unambiguous candidates for any of those exotic configurations have been identified. This review presents an overview of the remarkable progress in the field of exotic hadrons over the past few years.

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Xu, Xiao-Ming, and H. J. Weber. "Inelastic meson-meson scattering in hadronic matter." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 33 (July 15, 2020): 2030016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320300165.

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We review studies of inelastic meson-meson scattering. In nonperturbative schemes with chiral-perturbation-theory Lagrangians and in models based on effective meson Lagrangians, inelastic meson-meson scattering leads to the successful identification of resonances in meson-meson reactions, adequate inclusion of final state interactions in particle decays, and so on. For mesons of which each consists of a quark and an antiquark, inelastic meson-meson scattering may be caused by quark-antiquark annihilation, quark-antiquark creation, quark interchange, and quark-antiquark annihilation and creation. In transition amplitudes for meson-meson scattering mesonic quark-antiquark relative-motion wave functions depend on hadronic matter, and transition potentials are given in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Via transition amplitudes the cross sections for inelastic meson-meson scattering depend on the temperature of hadronic matter. Some prominent temperature dependence of the cross sections has been found. Inelastic meson-meson scattering becomes even more significant in proton-proton collisions and lead-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

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GAVIN, E. J. O., H. FIEDELDEY, H. LEEB, and S. A. SOFIANOS. "SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS APPLIED TO NONRELATIVISTIC QUARK MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 08 (March 30, 1993): 1437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000606.

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We examine the effect of changing the energy levels and normalization constants of bound states corresponding to baryons and mesons in nonrelativistic quark models. We do this by applying the transformations of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) to the potentials used in these models. In particular, we fit the spectra and leptonic decay widths of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons by modifying several existing [Formula: see text] potentials by means of supersymmetric transformations. It is found that the potentials are unchanged beyond 2 fm, and that fitting the widths induces greater oscillations in the potentials than those generated by adjusting the energy levels only. Transformations of SUSYQM are applied to the hypercentral potential in order to accommodate the Roper resonance in the s-wave nucleon spectrum. The quark-quark potential found by inverting the transformed hypercentral potential via a new exact Abel transform differs significantly from the original potential up to 5 fm from the origin and violates the concavity requirement. The [Formula: see text] potential related to this potential by Lipkin’s rule does not reproduce the meson spectrum. As the Hall-Post lower bound is also accurate for baryons, the results of the application of supersymmetric transformations in this approximation scheme are also considered and compared to the upper bound of the hypercentral approximation.

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Upadhyay, A., and M. Batra. "Importance of Nonperturbative QCD Parameters for Bottom Mesons." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619783.

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The importance of nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) parameters is discussed in context to the predicting power for bottom meson masses and isospin splitting. In the framework of heavy quark effective theory, the work presented here focuses on the different allowed values of the two nonperturbative QCD parameters used in heavy quark effective theory formula, and using the best fitted parameter, masses of the excited bottom meson states injp=1/2+doublet in strange and nonstrange sectors are calculated here. The calculated masses are found to be matching well with experiments and other phenomenological models. The mass splitting and hyperfine splitting have also been analyzed for both strange and nonstrange heavy mesons with respect to spin and flavor symmetries.

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CHEN, SHAONA, and JIALUN PING. "PROPERTIES OF $b\bar{b}$ MESONS IN CONSTITUENT QUARK MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 08 (March 14, 2012): 1250025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312500253.

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The properties of bottomonia are investigated in detail in the constituent quark model. The wave functions of bottomonia are obtained by solving Dirac equation and Schrödinger equation. The potentials between quark and antiquark include color confinement (linear and quadratic) and one-gluon-exchange. Based on the obtained wave functions, the electromagnetic and two-photon decay, electric dipole transition, and hadronic width of bottomonia are calculated. The calculated results are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The results also show that the nonrelativistic and relativistic version of quark model can all describe the properties of bottomonia.

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Lucha, Wolfgang, and Franz F. Schöberl. "Electric polarizability of mesons in semirelativistic quark models." Physics Letters B 544, no. 3-4 (September 2002): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(02)02513-3.

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Jena, S. N., P. K. Nanda, S. Sahoo, and S. Panda. "An independent quark model study of weak leptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 16 (June 9, 2015): 1550092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1550092x.

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An independent quark model with a relativistic power-law potential is used to study the weak leptonic decays of light and heavy pseudoscalar mesons. The partial decay width and the decay constant for the weak leptonic decay are derived from the quark–antiquark momentum distribution amplitude which is obtained from the bound quark eigenfunction with the assumption of a strong correlation existing between quark–antiquark momenta inside the decaying meson in its rest frame. The model parameters are first determined from the application of the model to study the ground state hyperfine splitting of ρ, K, D, Ds, B, Bs and Bc mesons. The same model with no adjustable parameters is then used to evaluate the decay constants fM and the decay widths of pseudoscalar mesons. The model predictions agree quite well with the available experimental data as well as with those of several other models. The decay constant for pion and kaon are obtained as fπ = 132 MeV and fk = 161 MeV which closely agree with experimental values. But in case of heavier mesons for which experimental data are not yet available, the present model gives its predictions as fBC > fBS > fB, fDS > fD, fD > fB and fπ > fB which are in conformity with most of other model predictions. The model predictions of the corresponding decay widths and the branching ratios for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay modes are in close agreement with the available experimental data.

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ABOU-SALEM, L. I. "A SYSTEMATIC STUDY ON NONRELATIVISTIC QUARK–ANTIQUARK INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 17 (July 10, 2005): 4113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502286x.

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A simple phenomenological potential model is suggested to describe the interaction between the constituent quarks of meson systems. Taking the spin-dependence terms in consideration modifies some previous potential models. The resonance masses and the leptonic decay widths of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons are calculated using the nonrelativistic wave equation. A comparison between the present calculations and the available experimental results are given.

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Fayyazuddin, Muhammad Jamil Aslam, and Cai-Dian Lu. "Lepton flavor violating decays of B and K mesons in models with extended gauge group." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 14n15 (May 28, 2018): 1850087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18500872.

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Lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays are forbidden in the Standard Model (SM) and to explore them one has to go beyond it. The flavor changing neutral current induced lepton flavor conserving and LFV decays of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons is discussed in the gauge group [Formula: see text]. The lepto-quark [Formula: see text] corresponding to gauge group [Formula: see text] allows the quark–lepton transitions and hence giving a framework to construct the effective Lagrangian for the LFV decays. The mass of lepto-quark [Formula: see text] provides a scale at which the gauge group [Formula: see text] is broken to the SM gauge group. Using the most stringent experimental limit [Formula: see text], the upper bound on the effective coupling constant [Formula: see text] is obtained for certain pairing of lepton and quark generations in the representation [Formula: see text] of the group [Formula: see text]. Later, the effective Lagrangian for the LFV meson decays for the gauge group [Formula: see text] is constructed. Using [Formula: see text], the bound on the ratio of effective couplings is obtained to be [Formula: see text]. A number of decay modes are discussed which provide a promising area to test this model in the current and future particle physics experiments.

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BERDNIKOV, E. B., and G. P. PRON'KO. "THE RELATIVISTIC MODEL OF THE ORBITAL EXCITATIONS OF HADRONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 14 (June 10, 1992): 3311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92001472.

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The relativistic model describing orbital excitations of hadrons composed of light quarks is considered. All the hadrons are treated in a uniform way as the states of a straight-line string with spinors at its ends. There are a quark and antiquark at the ends in the case of mesons, and a quark and diquark for baryons. The model has an additional symmetry, which allows one to describe the exact LS degeneracy. Although the model proposed is essentially relativistic, the states of its spectrum are classified as in nonrelativistic potential models. The spectrum consists of the family of trajectories arising from splitting the leading Regge trajectory due to the spin of quarks.

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Andrianov, V. A., and S. S. Afonin. "Vector and axial-vector mesons in Quasilocal Quark Models." European Physical Journal A 17, no. 1 (May 2003): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2003-10001-y.

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Vanek, Jan. "Open-Charm Hadron Measurements in Au+Au Collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV by the STAR Experiment." Universe 5, no. 9 (September 7, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5090196.

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Study of the open-charm hadron production in heavy-ion collisions is crucial for understanding the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. In these papers, we report on a selection of recent STAR measurements of open-charm hadrons in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV , using the Heavy-Flavor Tracker. In particular, the nuclear modification factors of D 0 and D ± mesons, elliptic and directed flow of D 0 mesons, D s /D 0 and Λ c / D 0 yield ratios are discussed. The observed suppression of D 0 and D ± mesons suggests strong interactions of the charm quarks with the QGP. The measured elliptic flow of D 0 mesons is large and follows the NCQ scaling, suggesting that charm quarks may be close to thermal equilibrium with the QGP medium. Both D s /D 0 and Λ c / D 0 yield ratios are found to be enhanced in Au+Au collisions. The enhancement can be explained by models incorporating coalescence hadronization of charm quarks. In addition, the directed flow of the D 0 mesons is measured to be negative and larger than that of light-flavor mesons which is in a qualitative agreement with hydrodynamic model predictions with a tilted QGP bulk.

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RASHDAN, M., M. ABU-SHADY, and T. S. T. ALI. "EXTENDED LINEAR SIGMA MODEL IN HIGHER ORDER MESONIC INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 01 (February 2006): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306003965.

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The Gell-Mann and Levy model, as well as the Birse and Banerjee model, describe quark interactions via the exchange of σ- and π-mesons. We extend these models to include higher order mesonic interactions. The field equations were solved in the mean-field approximation and good agreement with the data for nucleon properties was obtained. Our agreement is better than that obtained by the original model of Birse and Banerjee and by other models. This indicates the importance of including higher order meson correlations.

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Olsson, M. G. "SPECTROSCOPY AND CONFINEMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 03 (January 30, 2003): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03014289.

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In this talk I progress semi-historically from the potential model as applied to heavy onia states to the QCD string dynamics of light quark mesons. The virtues and problems of the potential model are reviewed. Some of the difficulties are solved by the introduction of QCD string confinement. The method of solving string models numerically is outlined and some recent analytic results are discussed. We end by exploring some consequences of the model and how the observed light quark mesons can be classified simply.

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Cahill, Reginald T., and Susan M. Gunner. "Global Colour Model of QCD and Its Relationship to the NJL Model, Chiral Perturbation Theory and Other Models." Australian Journal of Physics 50, no. 1 (1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p96029.

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The Global Colour Model (GCM) of QCD is a very successful model. Not only is it formally derivable from QCD but under various conditions it reduces to the NJL model and also to Chiral Perturbation Theory, and to other models. Results presented include the effective gluon propagator, the difference between constituent and exact quark propagators, various meson and nucleon observables, a new form for the mass formula for the Nambu–Goldstone mesons of QCD, and the change in the MIT bag constant in nuclei.

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Izzo Villafañe, M. F., and D. Gómez Dumm. "Vector mesons within nonlocal chiral quark models for strong interactions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 706 (April 2016): 042013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/706/4/042013.

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Rupp, G., and E. van Beveren. "Unquenching and Unitarising Mesons in Quark Models and on the Lattice." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 10, no. 4 (2017): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.10.1061.

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FAJFER, S., D. HORVATIĆ, D. TADIĆ, and S. ŽGANEC. "TWO PHOTON DECAYS OF SCALAR MESONS IN A COVARIANT QUARK MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 01 (January 10, 2000): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00000045.

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Two photon decay widths of the JP = O+ scalar mesons a0(980), f0(980), f0(1370) and χc0 are calculated in a covariant model which is characterized by the quark–antiquark structure. Previously such models were used to calculate current form factors. Here a different application is tried. A simple version of the model uses adjusted nonrelativistic model parameters with small quark masses. The results seem to prefer nonideal mixing of f0(980) and f0(1370). The calculated decay rate of χc0 agrees with the experimental results.

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ONOGI, TETSUYA, and YOSHIAKI YASUI. "EFFECTIVE ACTION FOR COMPOSITE HIGGS MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 09 (March 21, 1992): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392000768.

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We derive the effective action for composite Higgs models in electroweak theory from Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. This action contains vector and axial vector mesons together with Higgs, W, Z and photon. Due to the interaction of the techni-quark with SU(2) L × U(1) gauge fields, mixing terms of SU(2) L × U(1) gauge fields and vector and axial vector resonances develop in the kinetic term of the effective action. Mass relation of the techni-rho and the Higgs is obtained.

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Ebert, D., M. K. Volkov, and T. Feldmann. "Mixing Angle of Scalar Mesons and Kaon Polarizability in a Chiral Quark σ-Model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 24 (September 30, 1997): 4399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002395.

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Using present data for the decays f0 → γγ, f0 → ππ, we determine the mixing angle of scalar mesons in a chiral quark σ-model. This value is employed for an analysis of the kaon polarizability. It is shown that pole diagrams from intermediate scalar mesons and their mixing angle significantly affect the electromagnetic polarizability of charged and neutral kaons. Our results are compared to other models and the results of the chiral symmetry limit.

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Mannel, Thomas. "Exclusive decays in the heavy quark expansion: From models to real QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 10 (April 10, 2015): 1543007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15430071.

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In this article I discuss a few aspects of exclusive decays of heavy mesons from the specific perspective of Kolya Uraltsev's contributions to this field. The selection of topics as well as their presentation reflects my personal view on Kolya's work and also includes some personal remarks related to my collaboration with him.

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Bibrzycki, Łukasz, and Robert Kamiński. "Scalar isovector resonance photoproduction through the final state meson–meson interactions." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 24 (August 30, 2016): 1650139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16501396.

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We construct the amplitudes of [Formula: see text] photoproduction taking into account the effects of the [Formula: see text] interchannel coupling. The idea of our model is to describe the scalar isovectors as dynamically produced in the final state while the initial stage of the reaction being described in terms of meson exchanges. Meson loops which arise this way include not only pseudoscalars but also vector mesons. These amplitudes are used to calculate the [Formula: see text]-wave cross-sections and mass distributions in the [Formula: see text] effective mass region corresponding to the scalar resonances [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The values we obtained for [Formula: see text] are comparable with predictions of other models while the cross-section for [Formula: see text] is about an order of magnitude larger than prediction based on the quark model. We show that the amplitudes with loops containing vector mesons calculated in the on-shell approximation are not suppressed in contrast to amplitudes containing only pseudoscalar loops. We also estimate the cross-sections for the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-waves in the [Formula: see text] channel.

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SZE, W. K., and HERNG YAO. "CP-ASYMMETRIES IN NEUTRAL B-MESON DECAYS IN A CLASS OF LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRIC MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 04 (February 10, 1996): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396000345.

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In left-right symmetric models with a general right-handed quark mixing matrix VR, CP-asymmetries of neutral B-mesons can deviate appreciably from the standard model prediction. By assuming a Gronau-Wakaizumi (GW) form of VR, we calculate asymmetries of B0 decays to two-body CP-eigenstates for various possible right-handed gauge boson mass MR. It is found that these CP-asymmetries show a sharp transition from the GW results to the standard model ones in the neighborhood of MR≃800 GeV .

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Nochi, Kazuki, Taichi Kawanai, and Shoichi Sasaki. "Bethe-Salpeter wave functions of ηc(1S, 2S) and ψ(1S, 2S) states: local-potential description of the charmonium system revisited." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817506009.

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The quark potential models with an energy-independent central potential have been successful for understanding the conventional charmonium states especially below the open charm threshold. As one might consider, however, the interquark potential is in general energy-dependent, and its tendency gets stronger in higher lying states. Confirmation of whether the interquark potential is energy-independent is also important to verify the validity of the quark potential models. In this talk, we examine the energy dependence of the charmonium potential, which can be determined from the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) amplitudes of cc̅ mesons in lattice QCD.We first calculate the BS amplitudes of radially excited charmonium states, the ηc(2S) and ψ(2S) states, using the variational method and then determine both the quark kinetic mass and the charmonium potential within the HAL QCD method. Through a direct comparison of charmonium potentials determined from both the 1S and 2S states, we confirm that neither the central nor spin-spin potential shows visible energy dependence at least up to 2S state.

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GARCIA-RECIO, C., L. L. SALCEDO, D. GAMERMANN, J. NIEVES, O. ROMANETS, and L. TOLOS. "CHARMING BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 26 (January 2014): 1460124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514601240.

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We study odd-parity baryonic resonances with one heavy and three light flavors, dynamically generated by meson-baryon interactions. Special attention is paid to Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry (HQSS), hence pseudoscalar and vector mesons and baryons with Jπ = 1/2+ and 3/2+ are considered as constituent hadrons. For the hidden-charm sector ([Formula: see text]), the meson-baryon Lagrangian with Heavy Flavor Symmetry is constructed by a minimal extension of the SU(3) Weinberg-Tomozawa (WT) Lagrangian to fulfill HQSS, such that not new parameters are needed. This interaction can be presented in different formal ways: as a Field Lagrangian, as Hadron creation-annihilation operators, as SU(6)×HQSS group projectors and as multichannel matrices. The multichannel Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved for odd-parity light baryons, hidden-charm N and Δ and Beauty Baryons (Λb). Results of calculations with this model are shown in comparison with other models and experimental values for baryonic resonances.

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Bali, Gunnar, Sara Collins, Daniel Mohler, M. Padmanath, Stefano Piemonte, Sasa Prelovsek, and Simon Weishäupl. "Charmonium resonances on the lattice." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 05020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817505020.

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The nature of resonances and excited states near decay thresholds is encoded in scattering amplitudes, which can be extracted from single-particle and multiparticle correlators in finite volumes. Lattice calculations have only recently reached the precision required for a reliable study of such correlators. The distillation method represents a significant improvement insofar as it simplifies quark contractions and allows one to easily extend the operator basis used to construct interpolators. We present preliminary results on charmonium bound states and resonances on the Nf = 2+1 CLS ensembles. The long term goal of our investigation is to understand the properties of the X resonances that do not fit into conventional models of quark-antiquark mesons. We tune various parameters of the distillation method and the charm quark mass. As a first result, we present the masses of the ground and excited states in the 0++ and 1−− channels

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Ganbold, Gurjav. "Charmonium radiative transitions, meson and glueball particle properties with the effective strong coupling." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920408002.

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The particle properties of conventional mesons and scalar glueball, radiative transitions of charmonium excited states χcJ (J = 0, 1, 2) are studied in the framework of relativistic quark models with infrared confinement by taking into account the mass dependence of the effective strong coupling. A specific behaviour of the mass-dependent strong coupling with a freezing point αs (0) = 1.032 has been revealed. The spectrum and leptonic (weak) decay constants of conventional mesons have been calculated in good agreement with the latest experimental data. New estimates on the scalar glueball mass, ’radius’ and gluon condensate value have been obtained. Dominant radiative transitions of the charmonium orbital excitations χcJ → J/ψ + γ have been studied and the partial decay widths have been estimated with reasonable accuracy.

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DEY, JISHNU, LAURO TOMIO, and MIRA DEY. "PREDICTION FOR MESONIC SPECTRUM FROM THE DISCRETE QUARK-GLUON STATES OF A FINITE SIZE BAG." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 18 (July 30, 1990): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390001645.

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The mesonic spectrum from the kaon mass to 1300 MeV is fitted very well with a density of states ρ(m) calculated, without free parameters, from a partition function at a given temperature (T) obtained directly from the discrete single particle states in the bag model. The limiting T in the exponential form of the mass spectrum (known generally as the Hagedorn temperature in the context of dual resonance models) is found to vary with the mass m of the meson, being lower for the model pion and higher for other mesons. This is in qualitative agreement with heavy ion collision experiments. Although the model is expected to be good for large masses only, we find it reasonably successful in the low mass region too. The agreement for small masses in this (T≠0) model is due to significant finite size effects both in quark and gluon states, which lead to a substantial lowering of ρ for small m.

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37

Bravina, Larissa, Yurii Kvasiuk, Sergey Sivoklokov, Oleksandr Vitiuk, and Evgeny Zabrodin. "Directed Flow in Microscopic Models in Relativistic A+A Collisions." Universe 5, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5030069.

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Evolution of directed flow of charged particles produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at energies 4 ≤ s ≤ 19.6 GeV is considered within two microscopic transport models, ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) and quark-gluon string model (QGSM). In both models, the directed flow of protons changes its sign at midrapidity from antiflow to normal flow with decreasing energy of collisions, whereas the flows of mesons and antiprotons remain antiflow-oriented. For lighter colliding systems, such as Cu+Cu or S+S, changing of the proton directed flow occurs at lower bombarding energies and for more central topologies compared to a heavy Au+Au system. The differences can be explained by dissimilar production zones of different hadrons and by the influence of spectators. Directed flows of most abundant hadronic species at midrapidity are found to be formed within t = 10–12 fm/c after the beginning of nuclear collision. The influence of hard and soft mean-field potentials on the directed flow is also studied.

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Janik, Małgorzata Anna. "Exploration of particle production mechanisms via angular correlations of π, K, p, Λ with ALICE in pp collisions at √S = 7 TeV." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 19003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817119003.

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Two-particle correlations as a function of Δη and Δφ are used in many colliding systems to study a wide range of physical phenomena. Examples include the collective behavior of the quark-gluon plasma medium, jets, quantum statistics or Coulomb effects, conservation laws, and resonance decays. In this work, measurements of the correlations of identified particles and their antiparticles (for π, K, p, Λ) are reported in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV at low transverse momenta. The analysis reveals differences in particle production between baryons and mesons. The correlation functions for mesons exhibit the expected peak dominated by the effects of mini-jet fragmentation and are reproduced well by general purpose Monte Carlo generators. For baryon pairs where both particles have the same baryon number, an anti-correlation structure is observed instead of a peak centered at (Δη, Δφ) = (0, 0); an observation which presents a challenge to models typically used to describe pp data (PYTHIA, PHOJET). This baryon anti-correlation is further interpreted in the context of baryon production mechanisms in the fragmentation processes.

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BHAGHYESH, K. B. VIJAYA KUMAR, and YONG-LIANG MA. "ORBITALLY EXCITED STATES OF QUARKONIA IN A NONRELATIVISTIC MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2012): 1250011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1250011x.

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Having succeeded in predicting the S wave spectra and decays of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons, Bhaghyesh, K. B. Vijaya Kumar and A. P. Monteiro, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.38, 085001 (2011), in this article, we apply our nonrelativistic quark model to calculate the spectra and decays of the orbitally excited states (P- and D-waves) of heavy quarkonia. The full [Formula: see text] potential used in our model consists of a Hulthen potential and a confining linear potential. The spin hyperfine, spin-orbit and tensor interactions are introduced to obtain the masses of the P- and D-wave states. The three-dimensional harmonic oscillator wave function is employed as a trial wave function to obtain the mass spectra. The model parameters and the wave function that reproduce the mass spectra of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons are used to investigate their decay properties. The two-photon decay widths, two-gluon decay widths and E1 radiative decay widths are calculated. The obtained values are compared with the experimental results and those obtained from other theoretical models.

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LOSHAJ, FRASHËR, and DMITRI E. KHARZEEV. "LPM EFFECT AS THE ORIGIN OF JET FRAGMENTATION SCALING IN HEAVY ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 21, no. 10 (October 2012): 1250088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301312500887.

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We address a recent puzzling result from the LHC: the jet fragmentation functions measured in Pb–Pb and pp collisions appear very similar in spite of a large medium-induced energy loss (we will call this jet fragmentation scaling (JFS)). To model the real-time nonperturbative effects in the propagation of a high energy jet through the strongly coupled QCD matter, we adopt an effective dimensionally reduced description in terms of the (1+1) quasi-Abelian–Schwinger theory. This theory is exactly soluble at any value of the coupling and shares with QCD the properties of dynamical generation of "mesons" with a finite mass and the screening of "quark" charge that are crucial for describing the transition of the jet into hadrons. We find that this approach describes quite well the vacuum jet fragmentation in e+e- annihilation at z≥0.2 at jet energies in the range of the LHC heavy ion measurements (z is the ratio of hadron and jet momenta). In QCD medium, we find that the JFS is reproduced if the mean free path λ of the jet is short, λ≤0.3 fm, which is in accord with the small shear viscosity inferred from the measurements of the collective flow. The JFS holds since at short mean free path the quantum interference (analogous to the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal (LPM) effect in QED) causes the produced mesons to have low momenta p~m, where m≃0.6 GeV is the typical meson mass. Meanwhile the induced jet energy loss at short mean free path is much larger than naively expected in string models.

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Horvatić, Davor, Dalibor Kekez, and Dubravko Klabučar. "Temperature Dependence of the Axion Mass in a Scenario Where the Restoration of Chiral Symmetry Drives the Restoration of the UA(1) Symmetry." Universe 5, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5100208.

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The temperature (T) dependence of the axion mass is predicted for T ′ s up to ∼ 2 . 3 × the chiral restoration temperature of QCD. The axion is related to the U A ( 1 ) anomaly. The squared axion mass m a ( T ) 2 is, modulo the presently undetermined scale of spontaneous breaking of Peccei–Quinn symmetry f a (squared), equal to QCD topological susceptibility χ ( T ) for all T. We obtain χ ( T ) by using quark condensates calculated in two effective Dyson–Schwinger models of nonperturbative QCD. They exhibit the correct chiral behavior, including the dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry and its restoration at high T. This is reflected in the U A ( 1 ) symmetry breaking and restoration through χ ( T ) . In our previous studies, such χ ( T ) yields the T-dependence of the U A ( 1 ) -anomaly-influenced masses of η ′ and η mesons consistent with experiment. This in turn supports our prediction for the T-dependence of the axion mass. Another support is a rather good agreement with the pertinent lattice results. This agreement is not spoiled by our varying u and d quark mass parameters out of the isospin limit.

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Bravina, L. V., Yu Kvasiuk, S. Yu Sivoklokov, O. Vitiuk, and E. E. Zabrodin. "Anisotropic (v1 and v2) Flow in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at Energies between 4 GeV and 200 GeV." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819105004.

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Basic features of directed and elliptic flows of identified hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate and high energies are considered within two transport string models, UrQMD and QGSM. Both models indicate changing of the sign of proton directed flow at midrapidity from antiflow to normal flow with decreasing energy of collisions. The origin of this effect is traced to hadron rescattering in baryon-rich remnants of the colliding nuclei. To distinguish the effect of rescattering from the flow softening caused by creation of quark-gluon plasma one has to compare heavy-ion and light-ion collisions at the same energy. Both directed and elliptic flows at midrapidity are formed within t = 10-12 fm/c. The differences in the development of elliptic flows of mesons and baryons are found at high energies. These differences can be explained by dissimilar freeze-out conditions, thus suggesting simultaneous study of particle collective flow and freeze-out.

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Leifels, Yvonne. "Strangeness at high μB: Recent data from FOPI and HADES." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817102001.

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Strangeness production in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies at or below the threshold in NN collisions gives access to the characteristics of bulk nuclear matter and the properties of strange particles inside the hot and dense nuclear medium, like potentials and interaction cross sections. At these energies strangeness is produced in multi-step processes potentially via excitation of intermediate heavy resonances. The amount of experimental data on strangeness production at these energies has increased substantially during the last years due to the FOPI and the HADES experiments at SIS18 at GSI. Experimental data on K+ and K0 production support the assumption that particles with an s quark feel a moderate repulsive potential in the nuclear medium. The situation is not that clear in the case of K-. Here, spectra and flow of K- mesons is influenced by the contribution of ø mesons which are decaying into K+K- pairs with a branching ratio of 48.9 %. Depending on incident energy upto 30 % of all K- mesons measured in heavyion collisions are originating from ø-decays. Strangeness production yields - except the yield of Ξ- are described by thermal hadronisation models. Experimental data not only measured for heavy-ion collisions but also in proton induced reactions are described with sets of temperature T and baryon chemical potential μb which are close to a universal freeze-out curve which is fitting also experimental data obtained at lower baryon chemical potential. Despite the good description of most particle production yields, the question how this is achieved is still not settled and should be the focus of further investigations.

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DATTA, ALAKABHA, and DAVID LONDON. "TRIPLE-PRODUCT CORRELATIONS IN B→V1V2 DECAYS AND NEW PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 15 (June 20, 2004): 2505–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04018300.

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In this paper we examine T-violating triple-product correlations (TP's) in B→V1V2 decays. TP's are excellent probes of physics beyond the standard model (SM) for two reasons: (i) within the SM, most TP's are expected to be tiny, and (ii) unlike direct CP asymmetries, TP's are not suppressed by the small strong phases which are expected in B decays. TP's are obtained via the angular analysis of B→V1V2. In a general analysis based on factorization, we demonstrate that the most promising decays for measuring TP's in the SM involve excited final-state vector mesons, and we provide estimates of such TP's. We find that there are only a handful of decays in which large TP's are possible, and the size of these TP's depends strongly on the size of nonfactorizable effects. We show that TP's which vanish in the SM can be very large in models with new physics. The measurement of a nonzero TP asymmetry in a decay where none is expected would specifically point to new physics involving large couplings to the right-handed b-quark.

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ZHANG, BIN. "J/ψ PRODUCTION FROM CHARM COALESCENCE IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007465.

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J/ψ production is closely related to the production of the strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP) in relativistic heavy ion collisions. To study the effects of charm quark dynamics on J/ψ production, the phase space distributions of charm and anti-charm quarks are generated using A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model. These charm quarks then coalesce into J/ψ particles. The production and flow of J/ψ show strong sensitivity to final state charm interactions. The results are compared to charm quark and D meson results from the AMPT model and recent predictions from other models.

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HUANG, F., W. L. WANG, and Z. Y. ZHANG. "$\bar KN$ SCATTERING IN CHIRAL CONSTITUENT QUARK MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 20 (August 10, 2008): 3057–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08041554.

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The chiral SU(3) quark model and the extended chiral SU(3) quark model have proven to be quite successful in reproducing the binding energy of the deuteron, the nucleon–nucleon (NN) scattering phase shifts and the hyperon–nucleon (YN) cross-sections. In the chiral SU(3) quark model, the quark–quark interaction contains one-gluon exchange (OGE), confinement potential and boson exchanges stemming from scalar and pseudoscalar nonets. In the extended chiral SU(3) quark model, the OGE is nearly replaced by vector meson exchange. It was shown in our previous work that these two models give quite similar descriptions for the S, P, D, F wave KN phase shifts, which means that in the KN system the contribution of OGE can be replaced by that of vector meson exchange. In this paper, we use the same models, the same parameters and the same methods to study the [Formula: see text] system with the purpose to test the effects of OGE and vector meson exchange. The cross-sections for K-p scattering into K-p, K0n, π+Σ-, π-Σ+, π0Σ0 and π0Λ channels are dynamically calculated by solving the resonating group method equation. While some channels are well described in one or the other model, a good agreement between the theoretical cross-sections and the experimental data for all channels is not successfully obtained. The present work indicates that both OGE and vector meson exchange are necessary to be included in the quark–quark interactions if one tries to simultaneously describe the KN phase shifts and [Formula: see text] cross-sections using one set of parameters in a constituent quark model.

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Ghalenovi, Zahra. "Constituent quark models for hadronic systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 199 (2019): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919905011.

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In this work we introduce two different potential models for hadronic systems such that the QCD concepts of the quark-quark and quark-antiquark interactions be satisfied. We present the simple methods to solve two- and three-body equation of meson and baryon systems respectively. The introduced models are studied in the relativistic and non-relativistic limits.

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Ortega, Pablo G., David R. Entem, and Francisco Fernández. "Unquenching the Quark Model in a Nonperturbative Scheme." Advances in High Energy Physics 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3465159.

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In recent years, the discovery in quarkonium spectrum of several states not predicted by the naive quark model has awakened a lot of interest. A possible description of such states requires the enlargement of the quark model by introducing quark-antiquark pair creation or continuum coupling effects. The unquenching of the quark models is a way to take these new components into account. In the spirit of the Cornell Model, this is usually done by coupling perturbatively a quark-antiquark state with definite quantum numbers to the meson-meson channel with the closest threshold. In this work we present a method to coupled quark-antiquark states with meson-meson channels, taking into account effectively the nonperturbative coupling to all quark-antiquark states with the same quantum numbers. The method will be applied to the study of the X(3872) resonance and a comparison with the perturbative calculation will be performed.

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PHATAK, SHASHIKANT C. "NUCLEON IN NUCLEAR MEDIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 05n06 (June 2009): 1166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013427.

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The behavior of a nucleon in nuclear medium is discussed in Chiral Color Dielectric Model. It is assumed that the nucleons in nuclear medium produces a background dielectric field and the quark and dielectric field equations are solved self consistantly in presence of the dielectric field. A nucleon in nuclear medium is then constructed by means of standard procedure followed in chiral bag models. The corrections due to center of mass motion, color magnetic interaction and meson interaction are included. The calculations show that the nucleon becomes bigger in the medium but its mass does not change much. It is found that beyond a certian density, bound solutions in which quarks are bound in self-generated dielectric field are not possible. Thus, the calculations indicate that there is a critical density beyond which the matter consists of deconfined quarks.

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WANG, FAN, JIA-LUN PING, HOU-RONG PANG, and T. GOLDMAN. "WHICH CONSTITUENT QUARK MODEL IS BETTER?" Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 02n06 (February 28, 2003): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230301048x.

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A comparative study has heen done by calculating the effective baryon-baryon interactions of the 64 lowest channels consisting of octet and decuplet baryons with three constituent quark models: the extended quark gluon exchange model, the Goldstone boson exchange model and the quark gluon meson exchange hybrid model. We find that these three models give similar results for 44 channels. Further tests of these models are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mesons Quark models'

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