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1

Buehler, Markus J. "Mesoscale modeling of mechanics of carbon nanotubes: Self-assembly, self-folding, and fracture." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 11 (2006): 2855–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0347.

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Using concepts of hierarchical multiscale modeling, we report development of a mesoscopic model for single-wall carbon nanotubes with parameters completely derived from full atomistic simulations. The parameters in the mesoscopic model are fit to reproduce elastic, fracture, and adhesion properties of carbon nanotubes, in this article demonstrated for (5,5) carbon nanotubes. The mesoscale model enables modeling of the dynamics of systems with hundreds of ultralong carbon nanotubes over time scales approaching microseconds. We apply our mesoscopic model to study self-assembly processes, including self-folding, bundle formation, as well as the response of bundles of carbon nanotubes to severe mechanical stimulation under compression, bending, and tension. Our results with mesoscale modeling corroborate earlier results, suggesting a novel self-folding mechanism, leading to creation of racket-shaped carbon nanotube structures, provided that the aspect ratio of the carbon nanotube is sufficiently large. We find that the persistence length of the (5,5) carbon nanotube is on the order of a few micrometers in the temperature regime from 300 to 1000 K.
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2

Bartels, Julian, Jan-Patrick Jürgens, Eduard Kuhn, and Vasily Ploshikhin. "Effects of curvature and alignment of carbon nanotubes on the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymers investigated by mesoscopic simulations." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 8 (2018): 1033–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318794855.

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Carbon nanotube-reinforced polymers belong to a class of composite materials, which have been largely investigated due to their special electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. In the case of electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer, a critical amount of carbon nanotubes as a filler material enables a sharp increase of electrical conductivity. At this certain volume fraction of carbon nanotubes, the material turns into a conductor because of the percolation effect. This effect occurs due to the formation of a closed pathway of filler material through the system. Mesoscopic simulation models of these materials were carried out to predict their electrical conductivity. In this paper, the effects of carbon nanotube curvature and their alignment parallel or perpendicular to the electrical flow direction inside a representative volume element were analysed and an optimized carbon nanotube distribution is presented. A network with a longest average path length per (rigid) carbon nanotube but also cross-linking (only nearly isotropic alignment) shows the best conductivity in the preferred direction.
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3

Joshua Kennedy, W. "Distinguishing Field Effects from Charge Effects in the Optoelectronic Properties of Carbon Nanotube Films." Journal of Nanoscience 2013 (July 7, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/586208.

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We have used charge-induced absorption to quantify the influence of injected charges on electroabsorption measurements in single-wall carbon nanotube films. The interpretations of experimental measurements of χ3 processes in nanotubes are simplified by taking into account the change in electron-electron interactions upon charge injection. Electroabsorption spectra that are properly corrected for charge-induced effects show remarkable agreement with a simple Stark shift of the exciton transitions with no notable second-derivative contributions. Thus, distinguishing electric field effects from carrier density effects allows for a more rigorous calculation of exciton polarizability from electroabsorption measurements, even in heterogeneous films. PACS: 78.67.Ch Nanotubes: optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures.
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4

Tománek, David. "Mesoscopic origami with graphite: scrolls, nanotubes, peapods." Physica B: Condensed Matter 323, no. 1-4 (2002): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)00989-4.

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5

Latil, S., S. Roche, F. Triozon, J. Jiang, and R. Saito. "Mesoscopic transport in carbon nanotubes: novel features." physica status solidi (a) 203, no. 6 (2006): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200566108.

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6

Yan, Xiao-Ling, Hua-Fei Li, Chen Wang, et al. "Melamine as a single source for fabrication of mesoscopic 3D composites of N-doped carbon nanotubes on graphene." RSC Advances 8, no. 22 (2018): 12157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01577e.

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Integration of two-dimensional graphene and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to create potentially useful 3D mesoscopic carbon structures with enhanced properties relative to the original materials is very desirable.
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7

Kane, Charles, Leon Balents, and Matthew P. A. Fisher. "Coulomb Interactions and Mesoscopic Effects in Carbon Nanotubes." Physical Review Letters 79, no. 25 (1997): 5086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.5086.

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8

Li, Hao, Kun Cao, Jin Cui, et al. "14.7% efficient mesoscopic perovskite solar cells using single walled carbon nanotubes/carbon composite counter electrodes." Nanoscale 8, no. 12 (2016): 6379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr07347b.

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes can help charge extraction in mesoscopic CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cells using TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/carbon as a scaffold.
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9

Ludford, Paul, Fikret Aydin, and Meenakshi Dutt. "Design and Characterization of Nanostructured Biomaterials via the Self-assembly of Lipids." MRS Proceedings 1498 (2013): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.342.

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ABSTRACTWe are interested in designing nanostructured biomaterials using nanoscopic building blocks such as functionalized nanotubes and lipid molecules. In our earlier work, we summarized the multiple control parameters which direct the equilibrium morphology of a specific class of nanostructured biomaterials. Individual lipid molecules were composed of a hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic tails. A bare nanotube encompassed an ABA architecture, with a hydrophobic shaft (B) and two hydrophilic ends (A). We introduced hydrophilic hairs at one end of the tube to enable selective transport through the channel. The dimensions of the nanotube were set to minimize its hydrophobic mismatch with the lipid bilayer. We used a Molecular Dynamics-based mesoscopic simulation technique called Dissipative Particle Dynamics which simultaneously resolves the structure and dynamics of the nanoscopic building blocks and the hybrid aggregate. The amphiphilic lipids and functionalized nanotubes self-assembled into a stable hybrid vesicle or a bicelle in the presence of a hydrophilic solvent. We showed that the morphology of the hybrid structures was directed by factors such as the temperature, the rigidity of the lipid molecules, and the concentration of the nanotubes. Another type of hybrid nanostructured biomaterial could be multi-component lipid bilayers. In this paper, we present approaches to design hybrid nanostructured materials using multiple lipid species with different chemistries and molecular chain stiffness.
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10

Koufos, Evan, and Meenakshi Dutt. "Designing Nanostructured Hybrid Inorganic-biological Materials via the Self-assembly." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.764.

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ABSTRACTOur objective is to design nanostructured hybrid inorganic-biological materials using the selfassembly of functionalized nanotubes and lipid molecules. In this presentation, we summarize the multiple control parameters which direct the equilibrium morphology of a specific class of nanostructured biomaterials. Individual lipid molecules are composed of a hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic tails. A bare nanotube encompasses an ABA architecture, with a hydrophobic shaft (B) and two hydrophilic ends (A). We introduce hydrophilic hairs at one end of the tube to enable selective transport through the channel. The dimensions of the nanotube are set to minimize its hydrophobic mismatch with the lipid bilayer. We use a Molecular Dynamicsbased mesoscopic simulation technique called Dissipative Particle Dynamics which simultaneously resolves the structure and dynamics of the nanoscopic building blocks and the hybrid aggregate. The amphiphilic lipids and functionalized nanotubes self-assemble into a stable hybrid vesicle or a bicelle in the presence of a hydrophilic solvent. We demonstrate that the morphology of the hybrid structures is directed by factors such as the temperature, the molecular rigidity of the lipid molecules, and the concentration of the nanotubes. We present material characterization of the equilibrium morphology of the various hybrid nanostructures. A combination of the material characterization and the morphologies of the hybrid aggregates can be used to predict the structure and properties of other hybrid materials.
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11

Popa-Nita, V., and S. Buček. "Length Bidisperse Carbon Nanotubes Dispersions in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals." Physics Research International 2012 (August 29, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/750890.

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We study nematic liquid crystal driven alignment of carbon nanotubes dispersed in them. We extend the mesoscopic model presented in (P. Van der Schoot et al. 2008, V. Popa-Nita, and S. Kralj 2010) including the effect of length bidispersity of carbon nanotubes. The free energy of the mixture is written as the sum of the Doi free energy for lyotropic nematic ordering of the two carbon nanotubes types, the Landau-de Gennes free energy for the thermotropic ordering of liquid crystal, and the coupling term between liquid crystal molecules and carbon nanotubes. The phase ordering of the mixtures is analyzed as a function of volume fraction, the strength of coupling, and the temperature.
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12

Kim, Philip, Li Shi, Arun Majumdar, and Paul L. McEuen. "Mesoscopic thermal transport and energy dissipation in carbon nanotubes." Physica B: Condensed Matter 323, no. 1-4 (2002): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)00969-9.

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13

Small, Joshua P., Li Shi, and Philip Kim. "Mesoscopic thermal and thermoelectric measurements of individual carbon nanotubes." Solid State Communications 127, no. 2 (2003): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(03)00341-7.

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14

Wittmaack, Bernard K., Abu Horaira Banna, Alexey N. Volkov, and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "Mesoscopic modeling of structural self-organization of carbon nanotubes into vertically aligned networks of nanotube bundles." Carbon 130 (April 2018): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.12.078.

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15

ARROYO, M., and I. ARIAS. "Rippling and a phase-transforming mesoscopic model for multiwalled carbon nanotubes." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 56, no. 4 (2008): 1224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2007.10.001.

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16

Gooneie, Ali, and Rudolf Hufenus. "Polymeric Solvation Shells around Nanotubes: Mesoscopic Simulation of Interfaces in Nanochannels." Macromolecules 52, no. 22 (2019): 8803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01657.

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17

Volkov, Alexey N., and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "Mesoscopic Interaction Potential for Carbon Nanotubes of Arbitrary Length and Orientation." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 12 (2009): 5513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp906142h.

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18

Kim, Jae-Ryoung, Ju-Jin Kim, and Jinhee Kim. "Gate-Dependent Transport in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Mesoscopic Co Electrodes." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 51, no. 6 (2007): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.51.2094.

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19

Li, Lei, Kaiwu Chen, Lichao Sun, Suyuan Xie, and Shaoliang Lin. "Fabrication of patterned carbon nanotubes with adjustable arrays through controlled mesoscopic dewetting." Reactive and Functional Polymers 73, no. 1 (2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.08.017.

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20

Zhao, H. K., and J. Wang. "Mesoscopic transport through toroidal carbon nanotubes threaded with a THz magnetic flux." European Physical Journal B 40, no. 1 (2004): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2004-00243-5.

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21

Blase, X., C. Adessi, B. Biel, et al. "Conductance of functionalized nanotubes, graphene and nanowires: from ab initio to mesoscopic physics." physica status solidi (b) 247, no. 11-12 (2010): 2962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201000135.

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22

Cavallaro, Giuseppe, Giuseppe Lazzara, Stefana Milioto, and Filippo Parisi. "Halloysite nanotubes with fluorinated cavity: an innovative consolidant for paper treatment." Clay Minerals 51, no. 3 (2016): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2016.051.3.01.

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AbstractHybrid material based on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and sodium perfluorooctanoate (NaPF8) was used as a consolidant for paper treatment. The consolidation efficiency was determined by thermogravimetry as well as by paper grammage determination. Morphological analysis of the treated paper was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy while the effect of modified HNTs on the thermal behaviour of the cellulose fibres was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry which determined the combustion enthalpy of the paper.Water contact angle measurements were performed to study the paper wettability. The physico-chemical properties investigated (mesoscopic structure, thermal stability and wettability) of the treated paper were correlated successfully with the consolidation loading and, consequently, to the affinity between the fluorinated modified HNTs and the fibrous cellulose structure. This study proposes a new green protocol for paper consolidation based on natural tubular nanoparticles with a flame retardant effect.
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23

Liu, Shuangshuang, Kun Cao, Hao Li, et al. "Full printable perovskite solar cells based on mesoscopic TiO2/Al2O3/NiO (carbon nanotubes) architecture." Solar Energy 144 (March 2017): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.019.

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24

Batmunkh, Munkhbayar, Cameron J. Shearer, Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene, Mark J. Biggs, and Joseph G. Shapter. "Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Enhance the Efficiency and Stability of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 23 (2017): 19945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04894.

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25

Drozdov, Grigorii, Hao Xu, Thomas Frauenheim, and Traian Dumitrică. "Densely-packed bundles of collapsed carbon nanotubes: Atomistic and mesoscopic distinct element method modeling." Carbon 152 (November 2019): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.036.

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26

Franck, Pierre, Dominique Baillargeat, and Beng Kang Tay. "Carbon-nanotube-based electrically-short resonant antennas." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 1 (2013): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000974.

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We present a study on using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the radiating part of resonant antennas in order to reduce their dimensions. A mesoscopic electromagnetic (EM) model for CNTs was developed to allow the simulation of RF devices in classical EM solvers while retaining the specific properties of CNTs. A circuit approach is also used to provide a physical interpretation of the results on monopole antennas and trend prediction. These techniques constitute a platform to study the trends and trade-offs involved in the design of these antennas. Finally, these results are used to assess suitable fabrication techniques for CNT-based short resonant antennas and conclusions are drawn on their potential applications.
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27

López-Bezanilla, Alejandro, François Triozon, Sylvain Latil, X. Blase, and Stephan Roche. "Effect of the Chemical Functionalization on Charge Transport in Carbon Nanotubes at the Mesoscopic Scale." Nano Letters 9, no. 3 (2009): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl802798q.

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28

ZHAO, LI-NA, and HONG-KANG ZHAO. "MESOSCOPIC TRANSPORT THROUGH A QUANTUM DOT–CARBON NANOTUBE SYSTEM IN AN APPLIED MICROWAVE FIELD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 14 (2004): 2071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204024951.

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The coherent transport through a quantum-dot (QD) coupled with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) is investigated by employing the nonequilibrium Green's function (NGF) technique. An external microwave field is applied to the central QD to induce side-bands in addition to the energy levels of the QD. The SWCNs act as quantum wires which open quantum channels for electron to transport through. The novel behaviors are obtained in differential conductance and tunneling current, which are strongly associated with the density of states (DOS) of leads. The hybrid system with a QD coupled to normal metal and SWCN is also investigated as a comparison. The armchair SWCN lead provides rich tunneling channels compared with that of a metal lead. The I–V characteristics is calculated to exhibit stair-like structures which correspond to the resonant peaks of differential conductance versus source–drain bias. The current resonance with the gate voltage is shown to exhibit the photon-assisted tunneling.
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29

Volkov, Alexey N., Richard N. Salaway, and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "Atomistic simulations, mesoscopic modeling, and theoretical analysis of thermal conductivity of bundles composed of carbon nanotubes." Journal of Applied Physics 114, no. 10 (2013): 104301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819911.

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30

Franck, P., D. Baillargeat, and Beng Kang Tay. "Mesoscopic Model for the Electromagnetic Properties of Arrays of Nanotubes and Nanowires: A Bulk Equivalent Approach." IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 11, no. 5 (2012): 964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnano.2012.2209457.

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31

Komarov, P., A. Markina, and V. Ivanov. "Influence of surface modification of halloysite nanotubes on their dispersion in epoxy matrix: Mesoscopic DPD simulation." Chemical Physics Letters 653 (June 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.058.

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32

Yang, Xueming, Fanxing Meng, Xinyao Zhang, Bingyang Cao, and Yao Fu. "Mesoscopic simulation of thermal conductivities of 3D carbon nanotubes, graphene and their epoxy resin based composites." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 172 (February 2022): 107273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107273.

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33

Haruyama, Junji, Izumi Takesue, Syu Kato, Kazuya Takazawa, and Yuki Sato. "Mesoscopic phenomena in nano-porous alumina films: single nano-tunnel junctions connected to Ni-nanowires and carbon nanotubes." Applied Surface Science 175-176 (May 2001): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(01)00138-6.

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34

Patzsch, Julia, Deepu J. Babu, and Jörg J. Schneider. "Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (May 24, 2017): 1135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.115.

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Mesoscopic, nanoporous carbon tubes were synthesized by a combination of the Stoeber process and the use of electrospun macrosized polystyrene fibres as structure directing templates. The obtained carbon tubes have a macroporous nature characterized by a thick wall structure and a high specific surface area of approximately 500 m²/g resulting from their micro- and mesopores. The micropore regime of the carbon tubes is composed of turbostratic graphitic areas observed in the microstructure. The employed templating process was also used for the synthesis of silicon carbide tubes. The characterization of all porous materials was performed by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption of carbon dioxide on the carbon tubes at 25 °C at pressures of up to 30 bar was studied using a volumetric method. At 26 bar, an adsorption capacity of 4.9 mmol/g was observed. This is comparable to the adsorption capacity of molecular sieves and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The high pressure adsorption process of CO2 was found to irreversibly change the microporous structure of the carbon tubes.
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35

Tsai, Ping Chi, and Yeau Ren Jeng. "A Review on Mechanical Properties of Deformation Mechanism of Tubular Nanostructures: Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Solid State Phenomena 329 (March 25, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4mm443.

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A molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, which is used for estimating mechanical properties of both microscopic and mesoscopic materials during loading/unloading processes. Understanding the deformation mechanisms of material's internal structure, shape and volume is a key step to enhance its strength and rigidity. Novel nanostructures, nanoparticles and nanocomposites, more efficient, selective, and environmental friendly can be developed and suggested. At the moment, few experimental methods can characterize molecular mechanisms due to their time-consuming and cost-intensive. Therefore, MD simulation allows to gain understanding in structure-to-function relationships involved in the low-dimensional materials. Specifically, MD simulation can be performed on the time scale of nanoseconds, and in three dimensions, it is thus sufficient for the study of the mechanical behaviors and deformation mechanisms at a molecular level. This work reviews the progress in MD simulation of the mechanical properties and structure deformations for various tubular nanomaterials including silicon, carbon and III-V compound nanotubes (NTs), respectively. In particular, we have a detailed description and analysis of the impacts of environmental and structural factors on material strength for the present nanostructures. It is hopeful that this review can provide certain reference for the follow-up research.
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36

Li, Lei, Kaiwu Chen, Lichao Sun, Suyuan Xie, and Shaoliang Lin. "Corrigendum to ‘Fabrication of patterned carbon nanotubes with adjustable arrays through controlled mesoscopic dewetting’ [Reactive&Functional Polymers, 2013, 73, 83-88]." Reactive and Functional Polymers 120 (November 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.10.006.

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37

Gong, Feng, Zhang Hongyan, Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou, Khoa Bui, Christina Lim, and Hai M. Duong. "Mesoscopic modeling of cancer photothermal therapy using single-walled carbon nanotubes and near infrared radiation: insights through an off-lattice Monte Carlo approach." Nanotechnology 25, no. 20 (2014): 205101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/20/205101.

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38

Bartels, Julian, Eduard Kuhn, Jan-Patrick Jürgens, and Vasily Ploshikhin. "Mesoscopic simulation of the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube reinforced polymers regarding atomistic results." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 3 (2017): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317706537.

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Carbon nanotube reinforced polymers belong to a class of composite materials, which have been largely investigated due to their specific electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. In the case of electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube reinforced polymers, a critical amount of filler material ensures a sharp increase of conductivity. The material forms a percolation pathway and instantly turns the composite into a conductor. Mesoscopic simulations of these materials were carried out to predict electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube reinforced polymers and their critical amounts. This research work deals with percolation thresholds, converging representative volume elements and the effect of the discontinuous behaviour of conductivity considering tunnelling effects found in atomistic approaches on mesoscopic simulation models.
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39

AWADALLAH, ATTIA A., ADEL H. PHILLIPS, AZIZ N. MINA, and RIHAM R. AHMED. "PHOTON-ASSISTED TRANSPORT IN CARBON NANOTUBE MESOSCOPIC DEVICE." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 03 (2011): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11008162.

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The aim of the present paper is to investigate the quantum transport properties of a mesoscopic device under the influence of gate voltage and photon energy. A model for such mesoscopic devices is proposed as two metal contacts are deposited on the carbon nanotube quantum dot to serve as source and drain electrodes. The conducting substrate is the gate electrode in this three-terminal mesoscopic device. Another metallic gate is used to govern the electrostatics and the switching of carbon nanotube channel. The substrate at the carbon nanotube quantum dot contacts are controlled by the back gate. Both effects of the photons energy and gate voltage are investigated. The photon-assisted tunneling probability is deduced by solving Dirac equation. Then the current is deduced according to Landauer–Buttiker formula. The quantum capacitance for the device is deduced in terms of density of states. Oscillatory behavior of the current is observed which is due to the Coulomb blockade oscillations. It was found, also, that the peak heights of the dependence of the current on the parameters under study are strongly affected by the interplay between the tunneled electrons and the photon energy. This interplay affects the sidebands resonance. The results obtained in this study are found to be in concordant with those in the literature, which confirm the correctness of the proposed model. This study is valuable for nanotechnology applications, e.g., photodetector devices and solid state quantum computing systems and quantum information processes.
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40

Sen, Siddhartha, and Kumar S. Gupta. "Observable consequences of zero-point energy." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 40 (2017): 1750217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317502170.

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Spectral line widths, the Lamb shift and the Casimir effect are generally accepted to be observable consequences of the zero-point electromagnetic (ZPEM) fields. A new class of observable consequences of ZPEM field at the mesoscopic scale were recently proposed and observed. Here, we extend this class of observable effects and predict that mesoscopic water layers should have a high value for its solid–liquid phase transition temperature, as illustrated by water inside a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT). For this case, our analysis predicts that the phase transition temperature scales inversely with the square of the effective radius available for the water flow within the CNT.
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41

Kamijyou, Yuito, Dragana Stevic, Radovan Kukobat, et al. "Mesoscopic cage-like structured single-wall carbon nanotube cryogels." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 293 (February 2020): 109814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109814.

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42

Yao, N., M. Trau, N. Nakagawa, and I. A. Aksay. "Self-Assembled and Micro-Patterned Mesoscopic Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600023771.

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Recently we have reported that the silica mesoscopic thin films can be formed at water/solid interface at room temperature. These self-assembled thin films are comprised of hexagonally packed nanotubules ((∼ 5 nm in diameter), with a percolating one-dimensional channel network that extends from one side of the film to the other. The solid substrate can affect strongly the overall alignment of assembly of surfactant micelle array. These films hold much promise for applications such as their use as orientated nanowires, sensor/actuator arrays and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report further electron microscopy studies of free standing thin film formed at air/water interface and patterned silica mesoscopic thin film formed with the guidance of micro-molding and electric field.We employ tetraethoxy silane (TEOS), dissolved in acidic solution, as a silicate source and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as the templating surfactant. Typical molar ratios are 1 TEOS : 1.2 CTAC : 9.2 HC1 : 1000 H2O.
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43

Pannala, S., and R. F. Wood. "Multiscale Simulations of Carbon Nanotube Nucleation and Growth: Mesoscopic Continuum Calculations." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 4, no. 4 (2004): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2004.065.

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44

Zhao, Li-Na, Hui Pan, Tsung-Han Lin, and Dapeng Yu. "Spin-flip mesoscopic transport through a carbon nanotube quantum dot system." Physics Letters A 372, no. 6 (2008): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2007.08.048.

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45

Kim, Jae-Ryoung, Hye Mi So, Jinhee Kim, and Ju-Jin Kim. "Spin-injection properties from mesoscopic Co electrodes to single-walled carbon nanotube." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 18, no. 1-3 (2003): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-9477(02)00969-4.

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46

Hao, Xiang Yang, Xiao Ying Hua, Jian Lu, Guo Sheng Gai, and Xiang Ming Kong. "Preparing CNT/UHMWPE Composite and it’s Electrical Property Study." Advanced Materials Research 454 (January 2012): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.67.

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Abstract:
Composite particles with ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) core and carbon nanotube (CNT) shell were produced by an impact coating process, and molded into conductive polymer composites. Morphology of these composite particles was observed and the electrical behavior of these molded composites was measured. UHMWPE particles were very well coated by CNT, and conductive networks of CNT were formed after molding. These conductive polymer composites with low loadings of conductive filler exhibit lower room-temperature resistivity, and volume resistivity decreases with temperature on the whole. This is because of the CNT distribution is uniform in a macroscopic view but is oriented in a mesoscopic view. Thermionic emission of CNT is strong in polymer composites produced by this process. A related mechanism is discussed.
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47

Zhao, H. K., J. Zhang, and J. Wang. "Dynamic spin-flip shot noise of mesoscopic transport through a toroidal carbon nanotube." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 109, no. 1 (2015): 18003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/109/18003.

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48

Zhao, H. K., and L. N. Zhao. "Spin-flip mesoscopic transport through a quantum dot coupled to carbon nanotube terminals." European Physical Journal B 47, no. 2 (2005): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2005-00324-y.

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49

Zhao, Hong-Kang, and Qing Wang. "Spin-flip mesoscopic transport through a toroidal carbon nanotube coupled to normal metal terminals." Physics Letters A 338, no. 3-5 (2005): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.03.005.

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50

Wang, Yuezhou, Igor Ostanin, Cristian Gaidău, and Traian Dumitricǎ. "Twisting Carbon Nanotube Ropes with the Mesoscopic Distinct Element Method: Geometry, Packing, and Nanomechanics." Langmuir 31, no. 45 (2015): 12323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03208.

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