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Journal articles on the topic 'Mesospheric inversion layer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fadnavis, S., and G. Beig. "Mesospheric temperature inversions over the Indian tropical region." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 10 (2004): 3375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3375-2004.

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Abstract. To study the mesospheric temperature inversion, daily temperature profiles obtained from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) aboard the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) during the period 1991-2001 over the Indian tropical region (0-30° N, 60-100° E) have been analyzed for the altitude range 34-86km. The frequency of occurrence of inversion is found to be 67% over this period, which shows a strong semiannual cycle, with a maximum occurring one month after equinoxes (May and November). Amplitude of inversion is found to be as high as 40K. Variation of monthly mean pea

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2

Lingerew, Chalachew, and U. Jaya Prakash Raju. "Investigating the role of gravity waves in mesosphere and lower-thermosphere (MLT) inversions at low latitudes." Annales Geophysicae 43, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-1-2025.

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Abstract. The mesosphere and lower-thermosphere (MLT) transitional region, encompassing a height range of 60–100 km, is a distinct and highly turbulent zone within Earth's atmosphere. The region is significant owing to dynamics of atmospheric processes like planetary, tidal, and particularly gravity waves, which contribute to the formation of the mesospheric inversion layer (MIL). Investigating these inversion phenomena is crucial for understanding the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere, especially regarding stability and energy transfer. These phenomena are associated with energy tra

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3

Le Du, Thurian, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Hauchecorne, and Pierre Simoneau. "Observation of Gravity Wave Vertical Propagation through a Mesospheric Inversion Layer." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (2022): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071003.

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The impact of a mesospheric temperature inversion on the vertical propagation of gravity waves has been investigated using OH airglow images and ground-based Rayleigh lidar measurements carried out in December 2017 at the Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP, France, 44N). These measurements provide complementary information that allows the vertical propagation of gravity waves to be followed. An intense mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) observed near 60 km of altitude with the lidar disappeared in the middle of the night, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate its impact on gravity wave (GW) pr

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4

Collins, R. L., G. A. Lehmacher, M. F. Larsen, and K. Mizutani. "Estimates of vertical eddy diffusivity in the upper mesosphere in the presence of a mesospheric inversion layer." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 11 (2011): 2019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-2019-2011.

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Abstract. Rayleigh and resonance lidar observations were made during the Turbopause experiment at Poker Flat Research Range, Chatanika Alaska (65° N, 147° W) over a 10 h period on the night of 17–18 February 2009. The lidar observations revealed the presence of a strong mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) at 74 km that formed during the observations and was present for over 6 h. The MIL had a maximum temperature of 251 K, amplitude of 27 ± 7 K, a depth of 3.0 km, and overlying lapse rate of 9.4 ± 0.3 K km−1. The MIL was located at the lower edge of the mesospheric sodium layer. During this coinc

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5

Hozumi, Yuta, Akinori Saito, Takeshi Sakanoi, Atsushi Yamazaki, and Keisuke Hosokawa. "Mesospheric bores at southern midlatitudes observed by ISS-IMAP/VISI: a first report of an undulating wave front." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 22 (2018): 16399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16399-2018.

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Abstract. Large-scale spatial structures of mesospheric bores were observed by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) of the ISS-IMAP mission (Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere mapping mission from the International Space Station) in the mesospheric O2 airglow at 762 nm wavelength. Two mesospheric bore events in southern midlatitudes are reported in this paper: one event at 48–54∘ S, 10–20∘ E on 9 July 2015 and the other event at 35–43∘ S, 24∘ W–1∘ E on 7 May 2013. For the first event, the temporal evolution of the mesospheric bore was investigated from th

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6

Siva Kumar, V., Y. Bhavani Kumar, K. Raghunath, et al. "Lidar measurements of mesospheric temperature inversion at a low latitude." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 8 (2001): 1039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1039-2001.

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Abstract. The Rayleigh lidar data collected on 119 nights from March 1998 to February 2000 were used to study the statistical characteristics of the low latitude mesospheric temperature inversion observed over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), India. The occurrence frequency of the inversion showed semiannual variation with maxima in the equinoxes and minima in the summer and winter, which was quite different from that reported for the mid-latitudes. The peak of the inversion layer was found to be confined to the height range of 73 to 79 km with the maximum occurrence centered around 76 km, with a w

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7

Ramesh, K., S. Sridharan, K. Raghunath, S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao, and Y. Bhavani Kumar. "Planetary wave-gravity wave interactions during mesospheric inversion layer events." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 118, no. 7 (2013): 4503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50379.

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8

Ramesh, K., S. Sridharan, and K. Raghunath. "Rayleigh lidar observation of tropical mesospheric inversion layer: a comparison between dynamics and chemistry." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817603003.

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The Rayleigh lidar at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), India operates at 532 nm green laser with ~600 mJ/pulse since 2007. The vertical temperature profiles are derived above ~30 km by assuming the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium and obeys ideal gas law. A large mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) is observed at ~77.4-84.6 km on the night of 22 March 2007 over Gadanki. Although dynamics and chemistry play vital role, both the mechanisms are compared for the occurrence of the MIL in the present study.

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9

QIAO Shuai, PAN Weilin, BAN Chao, CHEN Lei, and YU Ting. "Characterization of Mesospheric Inversion Layer with Rayleigh Lidar Data over Golmud." Chinese Journal of Space Science 39, no. 1 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss2019.01.084.

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10

Duck, Thomas J., Dwight P. Sipler, Joseph E. Salah, and John W. Meriwether. "Rayleigh lidar observations of a mesospheric inversion layer during night and day." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 18 (2001): 3597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013409.

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11

McDade, Ian C., and Edward J. Llewellyn. "Satellite airglow limb tomography: Methods for recovering structured emission rates in the mesospheric airglow layer." Canadian Journal of Physics 71, no. 11-12 (1993): 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p93-084.

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In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using satellite airglow limb tomography to study spatial structures in the airglow emissions of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We describe inversion procedures for converting satellite airglow limb observations into two-dimensional distributions of volume emission rates. The performance of the inversion procedures is assessed using simulated limb observations and we demonstrate the potential of this tomographic technique for studying the horizontal and vertical characteristics of wave-driven disturbances in the 80–100 km region.

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12

Szewczyk, A., B. Strelnikov, M. Rapp, et al. "Simultaneous observations of a Mesospheric Inversion Layer and turbulence during the ECOMA-2010 rocket campaign." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 5 (2013): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-775-2013.

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Abstract. From 19 November to 19 December 2010 the fourth and final ECOMA rocket campaign was conducted at Andøya Rocket Range (69° N, 16° E) in northern Norway. We present and discuss measurement results obtained during the last rocket launch labelled ECOMA09 when simultaneous and true common volume in situ measurements of temperature and turbulence supported by ground-based lidar observations reveal two Mesospheric Inversion Layers (MIL) at heights between 71 and 73 km and between 86 and 89 km. Strong turbulence was measured in the region of the upper inversion layer, with the turbulent ener

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13

Fritts, David C., Brian Laughman, Ling Wang, Thomas S. Lund, and Richard L. Collins. "Gravity Wave Dynamics in a Mesospheric Inversion Layer: 1. Reflection, Trapping, and Instability Dynamics." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 2 (2018): 626–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027440.

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14

Fritts, David C., Ling Wang, Brian Laughman, Thomas S. Lund, and Richard L. Collins. "Gravity Wave Dynamics in a Mesospheric Inversion Layer: 2. Instabilities, Turbulence, Fluxes, and Mixing." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 2 (2018): 649–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027442.

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15

Wing, Robin, Milena Martic, Colin Triplett, et al. "Gravity Wave Breaking Associated with Mesospheric Inversion Layers as Measured by the Ship-Borne BEM Monge Lidar and ICON-MIGHTI." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111386.

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During a recent 2020 campaign, the Rayleigh lidar aboard the Bâtiment d’Essais et de Mesures (BEM) Monge conducted high-resolution temperature measurements of the upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT). These measurements were used to conduct the first validation of ICON-MIGHTI temperatures by Rayleigh lidar. A double Mesospheric Inversion Layer (MIL) as well as shorter-period gravity waves was observed. Zonal and meridional wind speeds were obtained from locally launched radiosondes and the newly launched ICON satellite as well as from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forec

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16

Hur, H., T. Y. Huang, Z. Zhao, P. Karunanayaka, and T. F. Tuan. "A theoretical model analysis of the sudden narrow temperature-layer formation observed in the ALOHA-93 Campaign." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 12 (2002): 1543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-056.

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The behavior of temperature and wind profiles observed on 21 October 1993 in the ALOHA-93 Campaign is theoretically and numerically analyzed. A sudden temperature rise took place in a very narrow vertical region (34 km) at about 87 km. Simultaneously observed radar wind profiles and mesospheric airglow wave structures that show a horizontal phase speed of 35 m/s and a period of about half an hour strongly suggest that a critical level may occur in the proximity of that altitude and that the energy dissipation due to the interaction of the gravity wave with the critical level causes the temper

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17

Chane Ming, Fabrice, Alain Hauchecorne, Christophe Bellisario, et al. "Case Study of a Mesospheric Temperature Inversion over Maïdo Observatory through a Multi-Instrumental Observation." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (2023): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082045.

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The dynamic vertical coupling in the middle and lower thermosphere (MLT) is documented over the Maïdo observatory at La Réunion island (21°S, 55°E). The investigation uses data obtained in the framework of the Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe (ARISE) project. In particular, Rayleigh lidar and nightglow measurements combined with other observations and modeling provide information on a mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) and the related gravity waves (GWs) on 9 and 10 October 2017. A Rossby wave breaking (RWB) produced instabilities in the sheared background wind and a stron

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18

Ramesh, K., S. Sridharan, and S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao. "Dominance of chemical heating over dynamics in causing a few large mesospheric inversion layer events during January-February 2011." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 118, no. 10 (2013): 6751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50601.

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19

Jayaraman, A., M. Venkat Ratnam, A. K. Patra, et al. "Study of Atmospheric Forcing and Responses (SAFAR) campaign: overview." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 1 (2010): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-89-2010.

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Abstract. Study of Atmospheric Forcing and Responses (SAFAR) is a five year (2009–2014) research programme specifically to address the responses of the earth's atmosphere to both natural and anthropogenic forcings using a host of collocated instruments operational at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), India from a unified viewpoint of studying the vertical coupling between the forcings and responses from surface layer to the ionosphere. As a prelude to the main program a pilot campaign was conducted at Gadanki during May–November 2008 using collocated obs

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20

Ramesh, K., and S. Sridharan. "Large mesospheric inversion layer due to breaking of small-scale gravity waves: Evidence from Rayleigh lidar observations over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E)." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 89 (November 2012): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.08.011.

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21

Sridharan, S., S. Sathishkumar, and S. Gurubaran. "Influence of gravity waves and tides on mesospheric temperature inversion layers: simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and MF radar observations." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 12 (2008): 3731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3731-2008.

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Abstract. Three nights of simultaneous Rayleigh lidar temperature measurements over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and medium frequency (MF) radar wind measurements over Tirunelveli (8.7° N, 77.8° E) have been analyzed to illustrate the possible effects due to tidal-gravity wave interactions on upper mesospheric inversion layers. The occurrence of tidal gravity wave interaction is investigated using MF radar wind measurements in the altitude region 86–90 km. Of the three nights, it is found that tidal gravity wave interaction occurred in two nights. In the third night, diurnal tidal amplitude is f

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22

Ross, Snizhana, Arttu Arjas, Ilkka I. Virtanen, Mikko J. Sillanpää, Lassi Roininen, and Andreas Hauptmann. "Hierarchical deconvolution for incoherent scatter radar data." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 12 (2022): 3843–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3843-2022.

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Abstract. We propose a novel method for deconvolving incoherent scatter radar data to recover accurate reconstructions of backscattered powers. The problem is modelled as a hierarchical noise-perturbed deconvolution problem, where the lower hierarchy consists of an adaptive length-scale function that allows for a non-stationary prior and as such enables adaptive recovery of smooth and narrow layers in the profiles. The estimation is done in a Bayesian statistical inversion framework as a two-step procedure, where hyperparameters are first estimated by optimisation and followed by an analytical

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23

Ramesh, K., S. Sridharan, and K. Raghunath. "Comprehensive Study on Tropical (10°N-15°N) Mesospheric Inversion Layers Using Lidar and Satellite (Timed-Saber) Observations." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023704001.

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One of the interesting and poorly understood features of mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region is the phenomenon of Mesospheric Inversion Layers (MILs). The poor understanding of MILs is due to limited access of their occurrence height region, however the lidars are more efficient tools which provide stratosphere and mesosphere nocturnal temperatures with high temporal and vertical resolutions. The state-of-the-art lidar system comprising Mie, Rayleigh lidars installed at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), India has provided an excellent opportu

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24

Meriwether, John W., and Chester S. Gardner. "A review of the mesosphere inversion layer phenomenon." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 105, no. D10 (2000): 12405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900163.

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25

Oberheide, J., H. L. Liu, O. A. Gusev, and D. Offermann. "Mesospheric surf zone and temperature inversion layers in early November 1994." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68, no. 15 (2006): 1752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.11.013.

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26

Meriwether, John W., and Martin G. Mlynczak. "Is chemical heating a major cause of the mesosphere inversion layer?" Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 100, no. D1 (1995): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jd01736.

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27

Bègue, Nelson, Nkanyiso Mbatha, Hassan Bencherif, René Tato Loua, Venkataraman Sivakumar, and Thierry Leblanc. "Statistical analysis of the mesospheric inversion layers over two symmetrical tropical sites: Réunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) and Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W)." Annales Geophysicae 35, no. 6 (2017): 1177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1177-2017.

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Abstract. In this investigation a statistical analysis of the characteristics of mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) over tropical regions is presented. This study involves the analysis of 16 years of lidar observations recorded at Réunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) and 21 years of lidar observations recorded at Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W) together with SABER observations at these two locations. MILs appear in 10 and 9.3 % of the observed temperature profiles recorded by Rayleigh lidar at Réunion and Mauna Loa, respectively. The parameters defining MILs show a semi-annual cycle over the two selected

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28

Hauchecorne, A., and A. Maillard. "The mechanism of formation of inversion layers in the mesosphere." Advances in Space Research 12, no. 10 (1992): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90470-i.

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29

Gan, Quan, Shao Dong Zhang, and Fan Yi. "TIMED/SABER observations of lower mesospheric inversion layers at low and middle latitudes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117, no. D7 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017455.

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30

Fechine, J., C. M. Wrasse, H. Takahashi, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell. "Lower-mesospheric inversion layers over brazilian equatorial region using TIMED/SABER temperature profiles." Advances in Space Research 41, no. 9 (2008): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.070.

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31

France, J. A., V. L. Harvey, C. E. Randall, et al. "A climatology of planetary wave-driven mesospheric inversion layers in the extratropical winter." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120, no. 2 (2015): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022244.

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32

Meriwether, J. W., X. Gao, V. B. Wickwar, et al. "Observed coupling of the mesosphere inversion layer to the thermal tidal structure." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 9 (1998): 1479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl00756.

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33

CHEN Linxiang, YANG Guotao, WANG Jihong, CHENG Xuewu, and YUE Chuan. "Measurements of Lower Mesosphere Inversion Layers with Rayleigh Lidar over Beijing." Chinese Journal of Space Science 37, no. 1 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss2017.01.075.

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34

Cutler, Laura J., Richard L. Collins, Kohei Mizutani, and Toshikazu Itabe. "Rayleigh lidar observations of mesospheric inversion layers at Poker Flat, Alaska (65 °N, 147°W)." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 8 (2001): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012535.

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35

Ramesh, K., S. Sridharan, K. Raghunath, and S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao. "A chemical perspective of day and night tropical (10°N–15°N) mesospheric inversion layers." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 122, no. 3 (2017): 3650–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023721.

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36

Irving, Brita K., Richard L. Collins, Ruth S. Lieberman, Brentha Thurairajah, and Kohei Mizutani. "Mesospheric Inversion Layers at Chatanika, Alaska (65°N, 147°W): Rayleigh lidar observations and analysis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119, no. 19 (2014): 11,235–11,249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021838.

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37

Meriwether, J. W., X. Gao, V. B. Wickwar, et al. "Correction to “Observed coupling of the mesosphere inversion layer to the thermal tidal structure”." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 12 (1998): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl01696.

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38

von Clarmann, Thomas, and Udo Grabowski. "Direct inversion of circulation and mixing from tracer measurements – Part 1: Method." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 22 (2016): 14563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14563-2016.

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Abstract. From a series of zonal mean global stratospheric tracer measurements sampled in altitude vs. latitude, circulation and mixing patterns are inferred by the inverse solution of the continuity equation. As a first step, the continuity equation is written as a tendency equation, which is numerically integrated over time to predict a later atmospheric state, i.e., mixing ratio and air density. The integration is formally performed by the multiplication of the initially measured atmospheric state vector by a linear prediction operator. Further, the derivative of the predicted atmospheric s

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39

Whiteway, James A., Allan I. Carswell, and William E. Ward. "Mesospheric temperature inversions with overlying nearly adiabatic lapse rate: An Indication of a well-mixed turbulent layer." Geophysical Research Letters 22, no. 10 (1995): 1201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95gl01109.

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40

States, Robert J., and Chester S. Gardner. "Influence of the diurnal tide and thermospheric heat sources on the formation of mesospheric temperature inversion layers." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 9 (1998): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl00850.

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41

Yuan, Tao, P. D. Pautet, Y. Zhao, et al. "Coordinated investigation of midlatitude upper mesospheric temperature inversion layers and the associated gravity wave forcing by Na lidar and Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper in Logan, Utah." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119, no. 7 (2014): 3756–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013jd020586.

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42

Nygrén, T., M. J. Taylor, M. S. Lehtinen, and M. Markkanen. "Application of tomographic inversion in studying airglow in the mesopause region." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 10 (1998): 1180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1180-9.

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Abstract. It is pointed out that observations of periodic nightglow structures give excellent information on atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The periods, the horizontal wavelengths and the phase speeds of the waves can be determined from airglow images and, using several cameras, the approximate altitude of the luminous layer can also be determined by triangulation. In this paper the possibility of applying tomographic methods for reconstructing the airglow structures is investigated using numerical simulations. A ground-based chain of cameras is assumed, tw

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43

Hocke, Klemens, Martin Lainer, Leonie Bernet, and Niklaus Kämpfer. "Mesospheric Inversion Layers at Mid-Latitudes and Coincident Changes of Ozone, Water Vapour and Horizontal Wind in the Middle Atmosphere." Atmosphere 9, no. 5 (2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050171.

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44

Liu, Tongxin, Guobin Yang, Zhengyu Zhao, et al. "Design of Multifunctional Mesosphere-Ionosphere Sounding System and Preliminary Results." Sensors 20, no. 9 (2020): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092664.

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This paper describes a novel sounding system for which the functions of the medium frequency (MF) radar and the ionosonde are integrated on the same hardware platform and antenna structure, namely the middle atmosphere-ionosphere (MAI) system. Unlike the common MF radar, MAI system adopts the pseudo-random (PRN) phase-coded modulation technology, which breaks the limitation of the traditional monopulse mode. Through the pulse compression, only a small peak power is needed to achieve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The excellent anti-jamming performance is also very suitable for th

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45

Hurd, L., M. F. Larsen, and A. Z. Liu. "Overturning instability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: analysis of instability conditions in lidar data." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 7 (2009): 2937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2937-2009.

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Abstract. Resonant sodium lidar measurements from the transition region between the mesosphere and lower thermosphere have revealed frequently-occurring overturning events characterized by vertical scales of ~3–6 km and timescales of several hours. Larsen et al. (2004) proposed that a convective roll instability, similar to that found in the planetary boundary layer, is the likely mechanism responsible for the events. This type of instability requires an inflection point in the background winds near the center of the vortex roll with a low static stability region capped by an inversion. The ea

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46

Gisinger, Sonja, Andreas Dörnbrack, Vivien Matthias, et al. "Atmospheric Conditions during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE)." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 10 (2017): 4249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0435.1.

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This paper describes the results of a comprehensive analysis of the atmospheric conditions during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign in austral winter 2014. Different datasets and diagnostics are combined to characterize the background atmosphere from the troposphere to the upper mesosphere. How weather regimes and the atmospheric state compare to climatological conditions is reported upon and how they relate to the airborne and ground-based gravity wave observations is also explored. Key results of this study are the dominance of tropospheric blocking situations

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Lednyts'kyy, O., C. von Savigny, K. U. Eichmann, and M. G. Mlynczak. "Atomic oxygen retrievals in the MLT region from SCIAMACHY nightglow limb measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 3 (2015): 1021–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1021-2015.

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Abstract. Vertical distributions of atomic oxygen concentration ([O]) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region were retrieved from sun-synchronous SCIAMACHY/Envisat (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY on board the Environmental Satellite) limb measurements of the oxygen 557.7 nm green line emission in the terrestrial nightglow. A band pass filter was applied to eliminate contributions from other emissions, the impact of measurement noise and auroral activity. Vertical volume emission rate profiles were retrieved from integrated limb-emission rate

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Hysell, David L., Miguel Larsen, and Michael Sulzer. "Observational evidence for new instabilities in the midlatitude <i>E</i> and <i>F</i> region." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 11 (2016): 927–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-927-2016.

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Abstract. Radar observations of the E- and F-region ionosphere from the Arecibo Observatory made during moderately disturbed conditions are presented. The observations indicate the presence of patchy sporadic E (Es) layers, medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), and depletion plumes associated with spread F conditions. New analysis techniques are applied to the dataset to infer the vector plasma drifts in the F region as well as vector neutral wind and temperature profiles in the E region. Instability mechanisms in both regions are evaluated. The mesosphere–lower-thermospher

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Fadnavis, S., Devendraa Siingh, and R. P. Singh. "Mesospheric inversion layer and sprites." Journal of Geophysical Research 114, no. D23 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jd011913.

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Thurairajah, Brentha, Chihoko Y. Cullens, V. Lynn Harvey, and Cora E. Randall. "A Statistical Study of Polar Mesospheric Cloud Fronts in the Northern Hemisphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129, no. 20 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041502.

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AbstractComplex spatial structures in polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) images provide visual clues to the dynamics that occur in the summer mesosphere. In this study, we document one such structure, a PMC front, by analyzing PMC images in the northern hemisphere from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument onboard the aeronomy of ice in the mesosphere (AIM) satellite. A PMC front is defined as a sharp boundary that separates cloudy and mostly clear regions, and where the clouds at the front boundary are brighter than the clouds in the cloudy region. We explore the environment that s

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