Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesure des pratiques d'emploi'
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Chikhaoui, Mounir. "Pratiques et conditions d'emploi en Tunisie." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070062.
Full textThe divided structure of the job market seems to be an encounter of the policies pr social patners. The state, with its differentiated modes of interventions, anticipates two types of employment : permanent and temporary. Only the former is subject to regulation. The fixed duration employment contract (contrat a duree determinee or C. D. D. ) is provided for but not regulated. Legislation has not provided for cases of restrictive recourse to C. D. D. Differing employment practices correspond to this institutional cacuum. The C. D. D. Is like an empty shell : it is a multi-purpose instrument for personnel management, and its use corresponds to different types of needs. Trade unions contribute in a passive manner to this development through their lack of action on the legel framework regulating employment. Thus, certain stakes such as law, employment and union rights are left to the state and employers
Destré, Guillaume. "La formation informelle dans l'entreprise : mesure et effets sur les gains." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010066.
Full textTessier, Nathalie Livian Yves-Frédéric. "La formalisation de la relation d'emploi des cadres en France un examen à partir des pratiques d'appréciation /." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2004/tessier_n.
Full textTessier, Nathalie. "La formalisation de la relation d'emploi des cadres en France : un examen à partir des pratiques d'appréciation." Lyon 3, 2004. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2004_out_tessier_n.pdf.
Full textSocio-economic trends of the last twenty years have changed the relationship of managers with their organization. Formalized appraisal systems seem to be implement in most organizations. If these systems are used to make some decisions concerning career and training; they can also be used in case of dismissals if the manager does not achieve his results. The classical employment relationship based on loyalty and confidence appears to take a more objective turning. Our work deals with the changes that formalized appraisal practices would provide to the modes of managing executives. Our qualitative research included two studies: a location of current appraisal performance practices in various organizations, and an analysis of the causes of rupture of employment relation
Tremblay-Roy, Julie. "Les pratiques d'accompagnement vers l'emploi auprès des jeunes adultes de 18-24 ans dans les centres locaux d'emploi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25182.
Full textBonnard-Papier, Monique. "Exemples d'actions de formation continue des enseignants : quelles modifications des pratiques pédagogiques ? quelle efficacité ? : analyse des effets sur une pratique pédagogique quotidienne." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H061.
Full textBoutrolle, Isabelle. "Mesure de l'appréciation des aliments par les consommateurs : état des pratiques et propositions méthodologiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004525.
Full textRainville-Lajoie, Marie-Christine. "Élaboration et validation d'un instrument de mesure des pratiques de reconnaissance informelle au travail." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2844.
Full textSwalhi, Abdelaziz. "Mesure et déterminants de la fidélité organisationnelle : le rôle des pratiques de justice et d'employabilité." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT0035.
Full textTRON, ANNE-MARIE. "Mesure de l'interligne coxofemoral par analyseur automatique d'images radiologiques digitalisees : applications pratiques dans la coxarthrose." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M267.
Full textBoucard, Sandrine. "Contribution à la confirmation métrologique des équipements de mesure." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P004.
Full textLehouck-Puissant, Laurence. "Evolution des systèmes productifs et intérim cadre-professions intermédiaires : enjeux et stratégies des acteurs face à de nouvelles pratiques de travail et d'emploi." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL454.
Full textThis enquiry studies the birth and the development of high level temporary workers (professionals). The aimis the explanation of the conditions of emergency and developement of this new way of working. The objective is to show all actors concerned act to create a development of temporary work and how they regulate this specific employment market. The hypothesis is that organisational transformation of the firms leads to create high level temporary work. Actually enterprises employ so much high level temporary workers that temporary compagnies decided to get this new market ; to succeed they changed their structures to adapt themselves to this new market. The observations demonstrate that organisations develop a supplementary level of rationalisation and externalisation. This study shows how bad conditions of the employment market create new norms about work concerning professionals
Cloutier, Lyne. "L'évaluation des connaissances théoriques et pratiques des infirmières à l'égard de la mesure de la pression artérielle." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textCloutier, Lyne. "L'évaluation des connaissances théoriques et pratiques des infirmières à l'égard de la mesure de la pression artérielle." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4248.
Full textBen, Abdallah Mohamed Anis. "Transversalité organisationnelle et développement des pratiques de gestion par les compétences : construction et validation d'une échelle de mesure." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10029.
Full textThis work proposes to examine the development of management of competence practices according to the degree of transversality organizations. Certain research hypothisis were developed on the basis of theoretical arguments and refined based on conclusions extracted from an exploratory study undertaken with directors of human resources. These hypothesis were then tested using a questionnaire including 63 items which was responded by 296 human resources directors. In order to evaluate its quality, firstly the questionnaire was subjected to exploratory factorial analysis and internal coherence tests. And secondly we have consolidated the exploratory factorial analysis results through a confirmatory factorial analysis. Typological discriminating analyses and variance analyses have finally allowed us to test the relationship between transversality and development of competence management practices. By linking the concept of transversality to that of competence in the perspective of measurement, some regularities were pointed out. It was proved that development of some competence management practices, in areas like recruitment, evaluation or career management, is more relevant in transversal organizations, whereas development of other practices such as criteria of the employees selection or training objectives doesn’t depend on the degree of organization transversality
Alexis, Patrick. "Perceptions et pratiques de la supervision pédagogique au niveau primaire (premier et deuxième cycles fondamental) en Haïti." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29671/29671.pdf.
Full textRichard, Sébastien. "Le Nanomonde des chercheurs : analyse des pratiques et des discours sur l'instrumentation en nanotechnologies." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010559.
Full textLeblanc, Marie-Ève. "Efficacité d'un programme d'enseignement de la mesure de la pression artérielle à domicile sur l'apprentissage des connaissances théoriques et pratiques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1351/1/030151367.pdf.
Full textCarpentier, Stéphanie Frédérique Géraldine. "Pratiques et régulation des activités commerciales en entreprises industrielles et système d'information : une contribution à la gestion des ressources humaines des commerciaux." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33031.
Full textDomenget, Jean-Claude. "Les temporalités médiatiques au troisième âge de la vie : évolutions et dynamique des pratiques au quotidien." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30049.
Full textThis thesis proposes an approach of the relation between audio-visual media (radio and television) and time, by being located on the users side. It breaks thus with the analysis of the structuring of the time, by stressing the dimension of occupation. It provides a very detailed analysis of the media temporalities lived by the actual elderly through their media representations and their practices. It aims especially to better understand and to explain the changes and the dynamics in the everyday lives of these temporalites. On the basis of the users words, several concepts are developed (the occupation, the unexpected, the implication). In order to achieve the thesis aims, it was necessary to take into account the political, economic and social experiments lived by the actual elderly, then to analyse the evolutions of the socio-temporal frame and of the use frame at this stage of the life-cycle. Between retirement and old age, these individuals live specific temporalities. This main evolution of the time relationship and to a lesser extent the evolution of the media relationship explain the evolutions of media temporalities. The media practices are recipient of these evolutions while taking part in the creation of new time relationship during retirement. They contribute to the continuation of identity creation. They reinforce the anchoring of the elderly in the present and perpetuate the importance of the relational dimension of any occupation for these individuals. Day by day, the dynamics of the media practices are expressed mainly on the level of intra-individual variations. The concept of implication then makes it possible to better understand the variations observed
Bucumi, Sommer Catherine. "Gestion de la qualité totale et mesure de la performance : examen critique de leurs relations à l'aune des pratiques dans les industries agroalimentaires." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4005.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to assess the nature and use of performance measurement tools in the context of total quality management. We establish and test a model on a sample of 91 agri-food companies all operating in France. However, given the fact that empirical studies on this topic are scarce and do not always give consistent results, additional analyses are proposed. Three main findings arise from our analyses. First, we highlight the existence of the relationship between TQM and the use of multidimensional performance measurement systems. We show that the implementation of TQM practices is accompanied by a use of multidimensional performance measurement systems for those companies that have adopted one of the ISO 9000 standards. This relationship seems to be much better explained by non-financial indicators than by financial indicators. Similarly, it is in the non-ISO accredited organizations that total quality control and total quality learning are both positively and significantly associated to the multidimensional performance measurement systems and especially to non-financial indicators. Then, we identify a positive and significant relationship between TQM and the use of performance measurement tools. The results show a positive and very signifiant relationship between the degree of implementation of TQM practices and a joint use (diagnostic and interactive) of performance measurement tools. Finally, the test of mediation hypotheses shows that the use and the nature of the performance measurement tools play important roles in the relationship between TQM and organizational performance. When performance measurement tools are introduced in the model, the predictive power of this model increases which demonstrates the importance of these tools. We observe a partial mediation of the multidimensional performance measurement systems and diagnostic use
Carette, Vincent. "Recherche des caractéristiques de la pratique de l'enseignant pouvant favoriser la construction des compétences des élèves à l'école primaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210846.
Full textLe, Mentec Mickaël. "Usages des TIC et pratiques d'empowerment des personnes en situation de disqualifcation sociale dans les EPN Bretons." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585132.
Full textSponem, Samuel. "Diversité des pratiques budgétaires des entreprises françaises : proposition d'une typologie et analyse des déterminants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465697.
Full textApril, Daniel, and Daniel April. "Supervision pédagogique en contexte de gestion axée sur les résultats : pratiques de membres de la direction d'établissement d'enseignement accompagnés en communauté d'apprentissage." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35002.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019.
La réussite scolaire présuppose une délimitation claire des responsabilités des acteurs du système de l’éducation, un suivi des apprentissages des élèves et, si nécessaire, l’apport de réajustements aux pratiques pédagogiques. Une absence de responsabilité et d’imputabilité pourrait nuire aux progrès en matière d’éducation et venir cristalliser les pratiques préjudiciables dans les systèmes éducatifs (UNESCO, 2017). Dans cette optique, au Québec, la Loi sur l’instruction publique (LIP) est venue prescrire une approche contractuelle de gouvernance nommée Gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) qui oblige le ministère de l’Éducation, les commissions scolaires et les établissements à se fixer des objectifs pour la diplomation et la persévérance des élèves et à en être imputables. Au niveau local, la supervision pédagogique constitue un processus incontournable pour la direction d’établissement afin d’atteindre ces objectifs (Brassard, Lusignan et Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Or, bien que la finalité de l’approche de GAR fasse consensus – soit l’amélioration de l’efficacité éducative – la philosophie derrière ce mode de régulation soulève d’importants enjeux, dont la lourdeur de ces politiques qui force les directions à consacrer plus de temps à la réalisation de tâches administratives au détriment de tâches pédagogiques (Champoux-Lesage et collab., 2014). De plus, les formations traditionnelles ne préparent que partiellement les directions à exercer leurs responsabilités liées à la supervision pédagogique (Bickmore, 2010). Dans ce contexte, le travail de collaboration entre les milieux de recherche et de pratique se révèle une piste d’avenir pour la formation dans le champ de l’administration de l’éducation (Bernatchez, 2017 ; Bouchamma, April et Basque, 2018 ; CTREQ, 2018 ; MELS, 2008). Cette collaboration permet à la fois le développement des pratiques de la communauté professionnelle et l’avancement des connaissances de la communauté scientifique (Bourassa et collab., 2013). Dans cet esprit de collaboration, cette recherche doctorale aspire à mieux comprendre et à améliorer les pratiques professionnelles en supervision pédagogique de membres de la direction d’établissement (n = 37) dans un contexte de GAR. Cette recherche trouve son fondement dans trois concepts : la supervision pédagogique individuelle et collective, la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle (CAP) et le développement professionnel. Parallèlement, nous retenons la théorie de la fixation des objectifs (Locke et Latham, 1990 ; 2002 ; 2013). Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un projet Chantier 7 Programme de soutien à la formation continue du personnel scolaire intitulé « Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne » (Bouchamma et Giguère, 2014-2017). Des membres de la direction d’établissement d’enseignement des commissions scolaires des Découvreurs (n = 21) et des Navigateurs (n = 16) ont participé au projet sur une base volontaire. Cette recherche est basée sur un devis mixte (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). Le corpus issu de 21 rencontres en communauté d’apprentissage a fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2012) et les données quantitatives, recueillies à partir d’un questionnaire, ont été soumises à des tests T, de régression et de statistiques descriptives. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les pratiques de supervision individuelle par les membres de la direction tendent à être plus fréquentes que celles collectives. Les pratiques individuelles sont surtout axées sur la rencontre d’observation, et moins sur la prérencontre ou la rencontre post-observation. La pratique de supervision collective la moins mise de l’avant est celle de créer des structures collaboratives axées sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. En second lieu, les résultats montrent que peu de membres de la direction sont portés à quantifier leurs cibles et à développer des indicateurs chiffrés ; ces derniers mettent principalement l’accent sur la planification stratégique (les moyens) et moins sur les processus de contractualisation (l’évaluation de l’atteinte des objectifs). Enfin, bien que les membres de la direction associent la supervision collective à un idéal à atteindre et identifient plusieurs obstacles liés à l’accompagnement individuel, ces derniers tendent à mettre davantage en pratique la supervision individuelle. En ce sens, les pratiques mises de l’avant ne collent pas toujours en tous points aux idéaux d’une supervision plus collective. Mots clés : communauté d’apprentissage, développement professionnel, direction d’établissement d’enseignement, gestion axée sur les résultats, obstacles, pratiques gagnantes, recherche collaborative, supervision pédagogique, théorie de la fixation des objectifs.
La réussite scolaire présuppose une délimitation claire des responsabilités des acteurs du système de l’éducation, un suivi des apprentissages des élèves et, si nécessaire, l’apport de réajustements aux pratiques pédagogiques. Une absence de responsabilité et d’imputabilité pourrait nuire aux progrès en matière d’éducation et venir cristalliser les pratiques préjudiciables dans les systèmes éducatifs (UNESCO, 2017). Dans cette optique, au Québec, la Loi sur l’instruction publique (LIP) est venue prescrire une approche contractuelle de gouvernance nommée Gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) qui oblige le ministère de l’Éducation, les commissions scolaires et les établissements à se fixer des objectifs pour la diplomation et la persévérance des élèves et à en être imputables. Au niveau local, la supervision pédagogique constitue un processus incontournable pour la direction d’établissement afin d’atteindre ces objectifs (Brassard, Lusignan et Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Or, bien que la finalité de l’approche de GAR fasse consensus – soit l’amélioration de l’efficacité éducative – la philosophie derrière ce mode de régulation soulève d’importants enjeux, dont la lourdeur de ces politiques qui force les directions à consacrer plus de temps à la réalisation de tâches administratives au détriment de tâches pédagogiques (Champoux-Lesage et collab., 2014). De plus, les formations traditionnelles ne préparent que partiellement les directions à exercer leurs responsabilités liées à la supervision pédagogique (Bickmore, 2010). Dans ce contexte, le travail de collaboration entre les milieux de recherche et de pratique se révèle une piste d’avenir pour la formation dans le champ de l’administration de l’éducation (Bernatchez, 2017 ; Bouchamma, April et Basque, 2018 ; CTREQ, 2018 ; MELS, 2008). Cette collaboration permet à la fois le développement des pratiques de la communauté professionnelle et l’avancement des connaissances de la communauté scientifique (Bourassa et collab., 2013). Dans cet esprit de collaboration, cette recherche doctorale aspire à mieux comprendre et à améliorer les pratiques professionnelles en supervision pédagogique de membres de la direction d’établissement (n = 37) dans un contexte de GAR. Cette recherche trouve son fondement dans trois concepts : la supervision pédagogique individuelle et collective, la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle (CAP) et le développement professionnel. Parallèlement, nous retenons la théorie de la fixation des objectifs (Locke et Latham, 1990 ; 2002 ; 2013). Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un projet Chantier 7 Programme de soutien à la formation continue du personnel scolaire intitulé « Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne » (Bouchamma et Giguère, 2014-2017). Des membres de la direction d’établissement d’enseignement des commissions scolaires des Découvreurs (n = 21) et des Navigateurs (n = 16) ont participé au projet sur une base volontaire. Cette recherche est basée sur un devis mixte (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). Le corpus issu de 21 rencontres en communauté d’apprentissage a fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2012) et les données quantitatives, recueillies à partir d’un questionnaire, ont été soumises à des tests T, de régression et de statistiques descriptives. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les pratiques de supervision individuelle par les membres de la direction tendent à être plus fréquentes que celles collectives. Les pratiques individuelles sont surtout axées sur la rencontre d’observation, et moins sur la prérencontre ou la rencontre post-observation. La pratique de supervision collective la moins mise de l’avant est celle de créer des structures collaboratives axées sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. En second lieu, les résultats montrent que peu de membres de la direction sont portés à quantifier leurs cibles et à développer des indicateurs chiffrés ; ces derniers mettent principalement l’accent sur la planification stratégique (les moyens) et moins sur les processus de contractualisation (l’évaluation de l’atteinte des objectifs). Enfin, bien que les membres de la direction associent la supervision collective à un idéal à atteindre et identifient plusieurs obstacles liés à l’accompagnement individuel, ces derniers tendent à mettre davantage en pratique la supervision individuelle. En ce sens, les pratiques mises de l’avant ne collent pas toujours en tous points aux idéaux d’une supervision plus collective. Mots clés : communauté d’apprentissage, développement professionnel, direction d’établissement d’enseignement, gestion axée sur les résultats, obstacles, pratiques gagnantes, recherche collaborative, supervision pédagogique, théorie de la fixation des objectifs.
Educational achievement requires a clear delineation of the responsibilities of the stakeholders, monitoring of students’ learning and, if necessary, readjustments to pedagogical practices. The lack of accountability could jeopardize progress and entrench harmful practices in education systems (UNESCO, 2017). In this regard, in the province of Québec, Canada, the Public Education Act law (PEA) advocates using the results-based management approach (RBM). RBM requires the Ministry of Education, school boards and the schools themselves to set performance targets for graduation and perseverance of students. At the local level, pedagogical supervision is an essential process for the school principal in achieving these targets identified in the RBM tools (Brassard, Lusignan and Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Although a consensus has been reached regarding the purpose of the RBM policies – here being the improvement of educational effectiveness – the philosophy behind this method of regulation creates a considerable number of challenges for education stakeholders (Maroy, 2013). For example, because of the administrative burden of these policies, many school principals must devote more time to the execution of administrative tasks, to the detriment of educational tasks, including pedagogical supervision (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). In addition, traditional training methods only partially prepare school principals to meet their pedagogical supervision responsibilities (Bickmore, 2010). In this regard, the collaborative work between the worlds of research and practice is a promising avenue to be explored for training in the field of educational administration (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April and Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). This collaboration allows for both the development of practices and knowledge for the professional community as well as the advancement of knowledge for the scientific community (Bourassa et al., 2013). In this spirit of collaboration, this doctoral research project aspires to better understand and to improve the professional practices of school principals (n = 37) in pedagogical supervision in a context of RBM. This research project is based on three concepts: individual and collective pedagogical supervision, professional learning community (PLC) and professional development. In addition, we retain the theory of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). This research is part of a Chantier 7 project In-service training program for school staff entitled “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma and Giguère, 2014-2017). School principals from the Découvreurs School Board (n = 21) and the Navigateurs School Board (n= 16) were recruited on a voluntary basis. The chosen design is mixed methods (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2009). The corpus of qualitative data, produced from 21 focus group interviews in learning community was analysed thematically (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2012). Quantitative data collected from a questionnaire was analysed through Ttests, regression, and descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicate that individual supervision practices tend to be more numerous than the collective ones. Individual practices are mainly focused on the in-class observation and less on pre-observation or post-observation meetings. The least-used collective supervision practice is that of creating collaborative structures centered on teaching and learning. Moreover
Educational achievement requires a clear delineation of the responsibilities of the stakeholders, monitoring of students’ learning and, if necessary, readjustments to pedagogical practices. The lack of accountability could jeopardize progress and entrench harmful practices in education systems (UNESCO, 2017). In this regard, in the province of Québec, Canada, the Public Education Act law (PEA) advocates using the results-based management approach (RBM). RBM requires the Ministry of Education, school boards and the schools themselves to set performance targets for graduation and perseverance of students. At the local level, pedagogical supervision is an essential process for the school principal in achieving these targets identified in the RBM tools (Brassard, Lusignan and Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Although a consensus has been reached regarding the purpose of the RBM policies – here being the improvement of educational effectiveness – the philosophy behind this method of regulation creates a considerable number of challenges for education stakeholders (Maroy, 2013). For example, because of the administrative burden of these policies, many school principals must devote more time to the execution of administrative tasks, to the detriment of educational tasks, including pedagogical supervision (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). In addition, traditional training methods only partially prepare school principals to meet their pedagogical supervision responsibilities (Bickmore, 2010). In this regard, the collaborative work between the worlds of research and practice is a promising avenue to be explored for training in the field of educational administration (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April and Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). This collaboration allows for both the development of practices and knowledge for the professional community as well as the advancement of knowledge for the scientific community (Bourassa et al., 2013). In this spirit of collaboration, this doctoral research project aspires to better understand and to improve the professional practices of school principals (n = 37) in pedagogical supervision in a context of RBM. This research project is based on three concepts: individual and collective pedagogical supervision, professional learning community (PLC) and professional development. In addition, we retain the theory of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). This research is part of a Chantier 7 project In-service training program for school staff entitled “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma and Giguère, 2014-2017). School principals from the Découvreurs School Board (n = 21) and the Navigateurs School Board (n= 16) were recruited on a voluntary basis. The chosen design is mixed methods (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2009). The corpus of qualitative data, produced from 21 focus group interviews in learning community was analysed thematically (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2012). Quantitative data collected from a questionnaire was analysed through Ttests, regression, and descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicate that individual supervision practices tend to be more numerous than the collective ones. Individual practices are mainly focused on the in-class observation and less on pre-observation or post-observation meetings. The least-used collective supervision practice is that of creating collaborative structures centered on teaching and learning. Moreover
El éxito académico presupone una delimitación clara de las responsabilidades de los actores del sistema educativo, un seguimiento del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, si es necesario, reajustes a las prácticas pedagógicas. La falta de rendición de cuentas podría socavar el progreso en la educación y consolidar prácticas perjudiciales en los sistemas educativos (UNESCO, 2017). A este respecto, la provincia de Québec, Canadá, mediante la Ley de Educación Pública demanda la adopción de un enfoque contractual de gobernanza llamado Gestión Basada en Resultados (GBR). Esta Ley obliga al Ministerio de Educación, los distritos escolares y las instituciones a establecer metas para incrementar las tasas de graduación y de retención de los alumnos. A nivel local, la supervisión pedagógica es un proceso esencial iniciado por el director de la escuela para lograr dichos objetivos establecidos en las herramientas de GBR (Brassard, Lusignan y Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et al., 2016). Aunque se ha llegado a un consenso sobre la finalidad de las políticas de GBR – es decir la mejora de la eficiencia de la educación – la filosofía detrás de este modo de regulación plantea cuestiones importantes, incluida la naturaleza engorrosa de estas políticas, lo que obliga a las direcciones a dedicar más tiempo para realizar tareas administrativas en detrimento de otras tareas de carácter pedagógico (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). Además, las formaciones pedagógicas tradicionales preparan solo parcialmente a los directores para ejercer sus responsabilidades de supervisión pedagógica (Bickmore, 2010). En este contexto, el trabajo de colaboración entre los investigadores y profesionales es una vía prometedora de formación en el campo de la administración de la educación (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April y Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). Esta colaboración permite tanto el desarrollo de las prácticas de los profesionales como el avance del conocimiento de la comunidad científica (Bourassa et al., 2013). En este espíritu de colaboración, esta investigación doctoral tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión y las prácticas profesionales en supervisión pedagógica de los directores de escuela (n = 37) en un contexto de gestión basada en resultados. Esta investigación se basa en tres conceptos: supervisión pedagógica individual y colectiva, comunidad de aprendizaje profesional (CAP) y desarrollo profesional. Al mismo tiempo, conservamos la teoría del establecimiento de metas (Locke y Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). Esta investigación forma parte de un proyecto Chantier 7 Programa de apoyo a la educación continua para el personal escolar titulado “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma y Giguère, 2014-2017). Los directores de escuela, que provenían de las comisiones escolares des Découvreurs (n = 21) y des Navigateurs (n = 16), fueron reclutados de forma voluntaria. La tesis adopta un enfoque mixto (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). El conjunto de datos cualitativos, construido a partir de 21 entrevistas en la comunidad de aprendizaje, se analizó temáticamente (Paillé y Mucchielli, 2012) y los datos cuantitativos, recopilados a partir de un cuestionario, se analizaron mediante pruebas T, análisis de regresión y estadística descriptiva. Los resultados del estudio indican que las prácticas de supervisión de los directores de escuela tienden a ser más frecuentes que las colectivas. Las prácticas individuales se centran principalmente en la observación durante la clase y menos en las pre-observación o postobservación. La práctica de supervisión colectiva menos frecuente es la de crear estructuras colaborativas que se centren en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Además, los resultados muestran que los directores tienen poca tendencia a cuantificar sus objetivos y desarrollar indicadores numéricos. Los directores se centran principalmente en la planificación estratégica (medios) y otorgan menos importancia a los procesos de evaluación del logro de los objetivos. Finalmente, aunque los directores de las escuelas perciben las prácticas de supervisión colectiva como un ideal y mencionan varios obstáculos relacionados con la supervisión individual, siguen inclinándose por la supervisión individual en la práctica. Palabras claves: comunidad de aprendizaje, desarrollo profesional, directores de escuela, gestión basada en resultados (GBR), investigación colaborativa, obstáculos, prácticas líderes, supervisión pedagógica, teoría del establecimiento de metas.
El éxito académico presupone una delimitación clara de las responsabilidades de los actores del sistema educativo, un seguimiento del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, si es necesario, reajustes a las prácticas pedagógicas. La falta de rendición de cuentas podría socavar el progreso en la educación y consolidar prácticas perjudiciales en los sistemas educativos (UNESCO, 2017). A este respecto, la provincia de Québec, Canadá, mediante la Ley de Educación Pública demanda la adopción de un enfoque contractual de gobernanza llamado Gestión Basada en Resultados (GBR). Esta Ley obliga al Ministerio de Educación, los distritos escolares y las instituciones a establecer metas para incrementar las tasas de graduación y de retención de los alumnos. A nivel local, la supervisión pedagógica es un proceso esencial iniciado por el director de la escuela para lograr dichos objetivos establecidos en las herramientas de GBR (Brassard, Lusignan y Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et al., 2016). Aunque se ha llegado a un consenso sobre la finalidad de las políticas de GBR – es decir la mejora de la eficiencia de la educación – la filosofía detrás de este modo de regulación plantea cuestiones importantes, incluida la naturaleza engorrosa de estas políticas, lo que obliga a las direcciones a dedicar más tiempo para realizar tareas administrativas en detrimento de otras tareas de carácter pedagógico (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). Además, las formaciones pedagógicas tradicionales preparan solo parcialmente a los directores para ejercer sus responsabilidades de supervisión pedagógica (Bickmore, 2010). En este contexto, el trabajo de colaboración entre los investigadores y profesionales es una vía prometedora de formación en el campo de la administración de la educación (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April y Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). Esta colaboración permite tanto el desarrollo de las prácticas de los profesionales como el avance del conocimiento de la comunidad científica (Bourassa et al., 2013). En este espíritu de colaboración, esta investigación doctoral tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión y las prácticas profesionales en supervisión pedagógica de los directores de escuela (n = 37) en un contexto de gestión basada en resultados. Esta investigación se basa en tres conceptos: supervisión pedagógica individual y colectiva, comunidad de aprendizaje profesional (CAP) y desarrollo profesional. Al mismo tiempo, conservamos la teoría del establecimiento de metas (Locke y Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). Esta investigación forma parte de un proyecto Chantier 7 Programa de apoyo a la educación continua para el personal escolar titulado “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma y Giguère, 2014-2017). Los directores de escuela, que provenían de las comisiones escolares des Découvreurs (n = 21) y des Navigateurs (n = 16), fueron reclutados de forma voluntaria. La tesis adopta un enfoque mixto (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). El conjunto de datos cualitativos, construido a partir de 21 entrevistas en la comunidad de aprendizaje, se analizó temáticamente (Paillé y Mucchielli, 2012) y los datos cuantitativos, recopilados a partir de un cuestionario, se analizaron mediante pruebas T, análisis de regresión y estadística descriptiva. Los resultados del estudio indican que las prácticas de supervisión de los directores de escuela tienden a ser más frecuentes que las colectivas. Las prácticas individuales se centran principalmente en la observación durante la clase y menos en las pre-observación o postobservación. La práctica de supervisión colectiva menos frecuente es la de crear estructuras colaborativas que se centren en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Además, los resultados muestran que los directores tienen poca tendencia a cuantificar sus objetivos y desarrollar indicadores numéricos. Los directores se centran principalmente en la planificación estratégica (medios) y otorgan menos importancia a los procesos de evaluación del logro de los objetivos. Finalmente, aunque los directores de las escuelas perciben las prácticas de supervisión colectiva como un ideal y mencionan varios obstáculos relacionados con la supervisión individual, siguen inclinándose por la supervisión individual en la práctica. Palabras claves: comunidad de aprendizaje, desarrollo profesional, directores de escuela, gestión basada en resultados (GBR), investigación colaborativa, obstáculos, prácticas líderes, supervisión pedagógica, teoría del establecimiento de metas.
Birocheau, Sonia. "Quel modèle professionnel pour l’enseignement ? : réflexions, représentations et pratiques à Chicago, années 1890 – années 1930." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0060.
Full textThis research focuses on the evolution of the roles and responsibilities of school teachers and principals in one of the largest urban American school systems during a time of major educational reforms. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, groups of educators in Chicago produced a new professional model of teaching designed to improve the quality of public school education and faculty. One of their preoccupations was to define and attribute leadership: who should be responsible for leading the pupils, the profession, and the local community towards progress, and how should they be selected? Close analysis of the new professional norms educators promoted, of the ways in which teachers and principals represented their work and themselves, and of their activities in their professional and social lives paints a more expansive picture of educational leadership than we have imagined. It shows that it was not limited to supervision and decision-making by the upper echelons of the school system, but took on more diverse forms and had a wider variety of actors. This study shows that principals and teachers were professionals and active community leaders working for the common good both inside and outside the classroom
Bleau, Lavigne Maude. "Développement d'instruments de mesure pour l'évaluation des facteurs influençant l'adoption des pratiques exemplaires pour le traitement de la mise en décharge de l'ulcère du pied diabétique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9763.
Full textLe, Bianic Thomas. "Les "ingénieurs des âmes" : savoirs académiques, professionnalisation et pratiques des psychologues du travail de l'entre deux guerres à nos jours." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00096116.
Full textNaissance, Schiller. "L'impact de l'EFACAP (École fondamentale d'application ; Centre d'appui pédagogique) sur les pratiques des enseignants aux deux premiers cycles de l'école fondamentale haïtienne : points de vue des intervenants scolaires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27964.
Full textIn the wake of educational reforms in Haiti, a number of decisions have been made to improve the teaching and learning processes. It is in this sense that the National Education and Training Plan (PNEF) has created a new structure called EFACAP (fundamental school of application, pedagogical support center). The latter represents an alternative solution to the serious problems affecting the Haitian education system in terms of quality and educational and administrative governance. In its mission, EFACAP is to serve as a relay to the DDE (Departmental Directorate of Education) in terms of continuing education and pedagogical supervision of the associated schools ((Fundamental schools), both public and non-public. In this thesis in psycho-pedagogy for a master’s degree, we carried out this qualitative research project with the objective of evaluating the teachers' point of view and the impact of EFACAP on the in-service training of teachers in the first two cycles of the Fundamental school in Haiti, the case of Jean-Rabel is the one analysed. Thus, to collect the data, we used a theoretical framework according to the model proposed by Guskey (2000, 2002, 2003) to evaluate the professional training of teachers. The results obtained from the seven semi-structured interviews in small groups with sixteen (16) teachers and two (2) school directors, did indeed show that the Jean-Rabel's EFACAP thanks to the different training models of continuing education that it offers, has a positive impact on the professional development of teachers in associated schools in the first two cycles of the fundamental school and in improving the teaching and learning processes in the public and non-public sectors.
Besson, Grégoire. "Le temps du voyage : rythmes et perception du temps dans les pratiques du voyages en Europe entre Lumières et romantisme (1750-1850)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH026.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the articulation between time and mobility in the context of the more or less brutal evolutions that Europe underwent between the middle of the 18th and the 19th centuries. The study is based on the analysis of travels, more precisely on the examination of emotions and perceptions felt by a hundred travellers of different nationalities and social conditions across Europe. In the context of the industrialisation of the old world, which is leading to a profound change in societies and in particular in social times, we propose an archaeology of the modern temporalities of travel. After having overcome the obstacles of self-writing in the travel narrative to understand as closely as possible the emotions experienced by travellers, it will be necessary to study the evolution of travel frameworks : the transport. From the horse-drawn carriage to the steam revolution from the 1830s onwards, the speed of travel increased considerably in a few decades. In conjunction with the evolution of aesthetic and philosophical conceptions, such as the transition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism, the perception of the environment and landscapes brings new emotions to travellers. As the use of travel guides is almost systematic, the study of these books highlights viatical temporal models and their mutations, in parallel with travel practices that tend towards modern tourism. All these political, technical, cultural and social developments led to a modernisation of Europe between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries. This modernization is characterized in particular by an evolution of social temporalities, including the more specific temporalities of travel, towards more precision, rationalization and an increased awareness of time
Riou, Jerôme. "Étude de l'influence de l'enseignement du code alphabétique sur la qualité des apprentissages des élèves de cours préparatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL024/document.
Full textOur doctoral research focuses on the influence of phonics instruction on first-grade students’ progress. Its purpose is to identify effective teaching practices and to contribute to the training of teachers. This research is part of a larger study conducted by Roland Goigoux, which aimed to assess the influence of reading and writing on the quality of learning.The first part of our research examines causal relationships between the characteristics of phonics instruction and students’ performances in decoding and spelling. First, we study the influence of the speed of teaching of grapheme-phoneme relationships (tempo) and of the decodable part of texts used to teach reading (rendement effectif). Our results reveal a significant influence of these two variables on the quality of learning, this influence being different according to students’ initial levels. Besides, we propose a planning of the phonics instruction based on the theoretical frequency of the grapheme-phoneme correspondences in texts written in standard French which can serve as references for the teachers. We also study the effects of the teaching time allocated to encoding tasks on reading achievement, effects which appear to be significant and positive but which vary according to the nature of the tasks and to students’ characteristics.In the second part of our dissertation, we attempt to analyze and document teaching practices of experienced first-grade teachers for training purposes. We analyze a reference situation of the teaching of reading and writing from the video recordings of thirty six collective sessions of reading. Then, we describe prototypical teaching scenarios and lay the foundations for a training intended to develop the professional skills of the teachers. Specifically, we raise the issue of the relationship between the resolution of decoding and understanding tasks and the autonomy that decoding success afforded the students. We finally present the digital platform we designed, which allows calculating the decodable part of texts used during reading instruction. This platform named Anagraph has been designed to help teachers plan the study of the grapheme-phoneme correspondences and to choose texts adapted to their teaching
Zakaria, Houssen. "Faire la classe à l'école élémentaire : les déterminants sociaux de la pratique enseignante." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0109.
Full textThe leading question of this thesis is : why teachers in primary schools teach the way they do? More precisely: how can their practices be sociologically described? Those questions are examined through a socio-historic approach of the teaching function in primary school. Principles structuring teaching practices can indeed be caught by describing the organisation of teaching, the historical evolution of the teaching profession and its relation to norms in the profession and vocational training. The understanding of these principles is based on methodical observation of actual practices and on the representations of their own practices by teachers. Confrontation of observed practices and views expressed on practices during interviews is at the centre of this research
Querrien, Diane, and Diane Querrien. "Influence d'une formation continue sur les croyances, les représentations et les pratiques d'enseignants et de conseillères pédagogiques à l'égard de l'intégration des élèves allophones." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28386.
Full textEn région au Québec, les enseignants doivent de plus en plus s'adapter à la présence d'élèves allophones dans leurs classes et, plus particulièrement dans des classes ordinaires traditionnellement homogènes. Parmi ces derniers, plusieurs sont en situation de retard scolaire (De Koninck et Armand, 2012a). En ce qui a trait à la capacité d'adaptation des enseignants, les recherches ayant porté sur la cognition des enseignants de langue ont notamment montré que leurs croyances et leurs représentations constituaient le pivot des changements qu'ils opèrent (Borg, 2006). Ainsi, les formations qui leur sont proposées pour faire face à leurs nouvelles réalités devraient, entre autres, solliciter la réflexion pour les soutenir efficacement, et favoriser la mise en œuvre de pratiques didactiques et pédagogiques adaptées à leurs contextes d'enseignement, et ce, en encourageant la collaboration entre différents intervenants d'un même milieu (Korthagen, 2010a). Cette recherche visait à établir si des enseignants et des conseillères pédagogiques de la région de Québec pouvaient s'adapter à répondre aux besoins d'élèves allophones, et ce, dans le cadre d'une formation continue - Alloscol - portant sur le soutien au développement de la langue scolaire chez des élèves scolarisés ou sous-scolarisés et adoptant une approche intégrative basée sur la réflexion et la collaboration. Les résultats issus de l'analyse de leurs entrevues initiales et finales (début et fin de formation) et de différentes versions ajustées de leurs planifications d'enseignement ont révélé 1) des changements dans leur discours et dans leurs pratiques en faveur d'une meilleure intégration des élèves allophones aux classes ordinaires, notamment grâce à la compréhension des caractéristiques de la langue scolaire et des enjeux socioculturels qui y sont associés, et 2) que la formule de formation intégrant réflexion et collaboration entre enseignants de différentes expertises avait eu une influence notoire sur ces changements, bien qu'ils soient variables d'un participant à l'autre. Certains facteurs inhérents aux milieux professionnels, tel que le manque de temps, les politiques de recrutement des enseignants ou la répartition de leurs rôles, ont cependant été désignés par les répondants comme des obstacles au plein profit des apports de la formation.
In regions outside the Montreal metropolitan area, teachers are increasingly required to adapt to the presence of allophones in their schools and, in particular, within mainstream classrooms, which have traditionally been homogeneous. A number of these students are low-literate (De Koninck & Armand, 2012a). Research carried out on teachers' cognition, with respect to their ability to adapt, has shown that beliefs and perceptions are key to any changes that they are likely to make (Borg, 2006). In order to provide teachers with effective support, therefore, training programs must be designed to help them meet these new challenges, encouraging them to reflect on the situation and to implement new didactic and pedagogical practices in collaboration with other educators from the same school (Korthagen, 2010a). The objective of this study has been to determine whether a professional development program, "Alloscol", aimed at teachers and pedagogical advisors from the Quebec City area, would enable them to adapt their teaching to meet the needs of French-language learners. Alloscol focuses on providing support for the development of the language of schooling of educated or under-educated students by means of an integrated approach based on reflection and collaboration. Qualitative analysis was carried out on interviews conducted at the beginning and at the conclusion of the training program and on different adjusted versions of their course outlines. The results revealed: (1) that changes in the discourse and practices of teachers improved the integration of French-language learners into mainstream classrooms, thanks to a better understanding of the characteristics of the language of schooling along with associated sociocultural issues; and (2) that the design of the training program, which integrated reflection and collaboration among teachers with different areas of expertise, had a significant impact on these changes, although this varied from participant to participant. Respondents also indicated that factors related to working conditions, such as time constraints, hiring policies, and workload assignment, were barriers to deriving full benefit from the training program.
In regions outside the Montreal metropolitan area, teachers are increasingly required to adapt to the presence of allophones in their schools and, in particular, within mainstream classrooms, which have traditionally been homogeneous. A number of these students are low-literate (De Koninck & Armand, 2012a). Research carried out on teachers' cognition, with respect to their ability to adapt, has shown that beliefs and perceptions are key to any changes that they are likely to make (Borg, 2006). In order to provide teachers with effective support, therefore, training programs must be designed to help them meet these new challenges, encouraging them to reflect on the situation and to implement new didactic and pedagogical practices in collaboration with other educators from the same school (Korthagen, 2010a). The objective of this study has been to determine whether a professional development program, "Alloscol", aimed at teachers and pedagogical advisors from the Quebec City area, would enable them to adapt their teaching to meet the needs of French-language learners. Alloscol focuses on providing support for the development of the language of schooling of educated or under-educated students by means of an integrated approach based on reflection and collaboration. Qualitative analysis was carried out on interviews conducted at the beginning and at the conclusion of the training program and on different adjusted versions of their course outlines. The results revealed: (1) that changes in the discourse and practices of teachers improved the integration of French-language learners into mainstream classrooms, thanks to a better understanding of the characteristics of the language of schooling along with associated sociocultural issues; and (2) that the design of the training program, which integrated reflection and collaboration among teachers with different areas of expertise, had a significant impact on these changes, although this varied from participant to participant. Respondents also indicated that factors related to working conditions, such as time constraints, hiring policies, and workload assignment, were barriers to deriving full benefit from the training program.
Talbot, David. "Les stratégies climatiques et les pratiques de légitimation des grands émetteurs industriels : une approche qualitative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25849.
Full textLambert, Monique. "Analyse des pratiques des directions d'établissement d'enseignement en regard du référentiel de compétences et de leur développement professionnel dans le cadre d'une communauté de pratique virtuelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69447.
Full textIt has to be admitted that the function of school principals has changed enormously over the years, in terms of both its attributions and the conditions under which it is exercised. Over time, the task of educational leadership has become more complex and highly diversified. In reviewing the roles and responsibilities assigned to the school principals, particularly over the last few decades, it is interesting to note that a new positioning of their function has been made necessary. Thus, these major changes in the tasks of school principals have led to the need to question the importance given to the acquisition and development of professional competencies in both initial and continuing education, an expectation that goes hand in hand with the effective and efficient work that school principals must do to ensure students' academic success. De facto, this thesis deals with the competencies of Quebec school principals and is modulated according to three phases that led to the writing of as many articles. First, the availability of the Quebec competency standard (MELS, 2008), which is particularly used as a reference by the universities that offer the initial training program in school management, was the initiating element of this thesis. We therefore began our process by asking ourselves whether Quebec's competency standard, which is more than ten years old, is still relevant in terms of the expectations associated with the management of educational institutions, in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes favorable to the function. To this end, a literature review was conducted by comparing Quebec's competency standard with other more recent competency standards. The second phase led us to identify, through the discourse of the school principals, the challenges that arise in their daily lives and the competencies required to assume their role. More specifically, we asked ourselves what competencies are an integral part of the practices of school principals who are requisitioned for their duties, and whether these competencies are included in the competency standard (MELS, 2008). To do so, we conducted interviews (N = 13) with school principals to identify the competencies required in school management in relation to the challenges they face on a daily basis. Finally, we concluded our study of the competencies of school principals by asking whether the professional development of principals, an approach encouraged in the competency standard (MELS, 2008) can be enhanced by their participation in a virtual community of practice (CoP), leading to a reflection on their management practices (MELS, 2008). Thus, following the implementation process associated with a CoP, we used interviews (N = 10) to gather the perceptions of school principals. Subsequently, this process enabled us to analyze CoP as a mode of professional development for principals, with particular emphasis on the four themes associated with CoP learning according to Wenger (2005) : meaning, practice, community and identity. In addition, levers related to the introduction of a virtual CoP on the professional development of school principals were identified in the interviews conducted. The results suggest that: 1. The competencies in the competency standard (MELS, 2008) are still current, although new expectations are also noted as necessary to ensure that current educational needs are met; 2. Well-defined competencies are essential for assuming the role associated with school management and meeting the challenges that arise in the day-to-day work of school principals. Some competencies are found in the competency standard (MELS, 2008), while others are absent, but are necessary depending on the school principals; 3. CoP can, under certain conditions, be a preferred informal training method for further developing the competencies of school principals, as recommended in the competency standard (MELS, 2008). Benefits have been recognized during the experience. This research is part of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [SSHRC] funded research project « Community of Professional Learning/Practical Learning for School Improvement » led by Yamina Bouchamma and Marc Basque. More specifically, it is based on data from interviews with school principals and vice-principals from different regions of Quebec who participated in this research project.
Moty, Céline. "De la mesure à la maîtrise de la variabilité des pratiques médicales en France : illustration avec le dépistage de l'infection à cytomégalovirus chez la femme enceinte en France." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21218.
Full textEvaluation of medical practices has been done in France for 20 years, the variability of these practices is still an unsolved problem with causes and consequences that we document. The structures that realise these evaluations are multiple, with different methods and objectives. This diversity does not contribute to the visibility and coherence of the evaluation. Furthermore, measuring the variability of medical practices is not often followed by the implementation of actions making the practices converge and get them standardised. Indicators and information systems operational in routine for evaluation studies are lacking, as well as a clear definition of a standard, of an acceptable deviation, and of control method to follow-up, incite and correct. As an illustration, we present the variability in serological screening practices for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and the actions set up to limit this variability
Martin, Lacroux Christelle. "L'appréciation des compétences orthographiques en phase de présélection des dossiers de candidature : pratiques, perceptions et implications pour la GRH." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2009/document.
Full textOrganizations have a growing need for written communication skills and they demand therefore from their employees spelling skills, which are an essential component of professional writing. However, literature confirms a significant decrease in students’ spelling performance. This problem, first limited to education, is becoming today an organizational concern because spelling deficiencies have such negative consequences for them. Very few academic studies have analyzed the impact of spelling errors on application forms’ evaluation and on recruiters’ decisions. Our goal is to show the way recruiters assess spelling skills in France when they make a decision (select or reject application forms). We also want to highlight the applicants’ perceptions of fairness when the selection decision is based on the spelling criterion. To answer these questions, we have lead an experiment to collect data among applicants and recruiters. Data were analyzed in two different studies : a qualitative study –lexical and thematic- of 20 recruiters’ verbal reports thanks to the verbal protocol method ; then a mixed analysis combining quantitative and lexical analysis was conducted with 536 recruiters and 422 applicants. Results indicate that spelling errors affect both recruiters’ evaluation and decisions concerning applicants. We have also identified moderating variables between the factor «errors »and the application forms’ evaluation. Our results allow us to conclude that applicants perceive more positively the use of the spelling criterion to make a decision than the professional experience criterion
Paquet, Marie-Anne. "Contribution à la mise en œuvre de la fonction métrologie dans un établissement pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P064.
Full textSt-Arnaud, Martin. "Évaluation du système de référence de main-d'œuvre de la Commission de la construction du Québec (CCQ)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69027.
Full textCharpentier, Stanislas. "Du périurbain au périurbanisme : analyse des (bonnes et mauvaises) pratiques de lutte contre l'étalement urbain dans l'aire urbaine du Mans." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3014.
Full textSuburbia is often criticized, especially because urban forms produced by urban sprawl and spatiophage multiforme. Since the laws Solidarity and Urban Renewal (2000) and Grenelle II (2010), the legislature has made the fight against urban sprawl a national priority. For the first time in France, the urban planning tools such as Plan Local d’Urbanisme (PLU) orSchémas de Cohérence Territoriale (SCoT) are "officially" in charge of the fight against the excessive consumption of agricultural land. Beyond the fight against urban sprawl is the question of the extent of the phenomenon. This thesis proposes to analyze urban morphology produced by the process of suburbanization from an original and reproduciblemethodology to other territories, based on remote sensing and photo interpretation and developed across the urban area Le Mans. This research uses two complementary approaches: spatial analysis - diachronic and multiscale - is used toquantify the phenomenon of urban sprawl; analysis of interviews with elected officials to compare the speech to urbanization practices identified through spatial analysis. Studies conducted at the municipal level show that the morphological delimitation of peri is a condition sine qua non to consider a recovery in hand urban space. As well as the accelerated evolution of the contemporary city gave birth to urban planning in the early twentieth century, we pose the hypothesis that the concept of périurbanisme might call the ordering of suburban necessary
Latourelle, Joanne. "Étude exploratoire des liens entre les pratiques pédagogiques, la motivation à apprendre les sciences et la performance des élèves canadiens au secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67401.
Full textSchools must ensure the development of a scientific culture for all students and the development of those who intend to pursue a scientific career. The high scores obtained by Canadian students in international surveys such as the Program for International Students Assessment (PISA) reflect the quality of compulsory science education in Canada. Despite the good results, there has been a decline in motivation to learn science among high school youth in Canada. Traditional teacher-centred practices are partly responsible for this decline, although the curricula emphasize pedagogical practices focused on scientific inquiry. This study explores the contribution of motivation to the relationship between teaching practices and performance in science using a theoretical model based on self-determination theory. The verification of the model across provinces and gender is done using a path analysis. This secondary analysis of data from PISA 2015 involves a sample of 20,058 15-year-old Canadian students’ representative of the 10 Canadian provinces. The results show that the motivational variables contribute moderately to the relationship between inquiry teaching practices focusing on relevance to everyday applications and performance, but little influence on the relationships involving traditional practices and open inquiry practices. Inquiry practices have a strong negative effect on science performance. The configural invariance of the model across provinces and gender is demonstrated, as well as the partial metric invariance of the model with respect to gender. This study challenges the operational conceptualization of inquiry teaching practices used by PISA and contributes to a better understanding of the science learning environment for 15-year-old students in Canada.
Talérien, Jean Stéphane. "Le développement professionnel des enseignants expérimentés par la transmission explicite de pratiques entre pairs." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0037/document.
Full textThe international scientific literature shows the reality of teachers' informal learning in the workplace, within schools. However, these learnings have several limitations and are of lower quality than those that are carried out in an organized environment. The purpose of this research is precisely the professional development of experienced teachers through a professional development program that considers their informal learning.This study is part of an anthropocultural research program (Bertone, 2011; Chaliès, 2012) whose main theoretical assumptions are borrowed from the philosophy of ordinary language (Wittgenstein, 2004). It was conducted within the framework of two innovative training devices allowing an experienced teacher (the peer trainer) to ostensibly teach one of his specific practices considered effective to an experienced peer teacher (the trained peer). The main research results show the modelling of the professional activity of peer trainers and thus contribute to documenting international research on informal learning by primary school teachers. They also show the learning of new professional practices from trained peers understood as the acquisition of new rule systems. Finally, the results show the professional development of the trained peers understood as the interpretation of the rules learned in new circumstances as well as the reflexive development of the professional activity of the trained peers
Penso, Eric. "Influence de l'engagement des enseignants sur les résultats des élèves : peut-on se passer de formation continue ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10057/document.
Full textThe hypothesis which I would like to bring about at the beginning of this survey is on the following : It is not the training experience which in itself is the deciding factor, but the training drive. To be more precise, it is not the enrollment in a training program which can alter the course of events but the teacher's formulation or teaching staff's questioning. To emphasize my thesis, I have made up four groups of teachers : the first group (Experimental Group) is which made up of fifteen teaching staff having requested a training session on the usage of the national primary school evaluations for eight year olds, following the next school year with the same group of pupils and the above staff succeeding in obtaining their teacher's training education. The second group is made up of teachers who have requested to be enrolled but have not been accepted. The third group is made up of teachers which have not wished to be trained and having nevertheless been officially enrolled in this training session. The fourth group is made up of teachers who have not asked anything and who will not be enrolled. 564 pupils (around 140 per group) have been evaluated at three successive periods, during one year. This has given me to bring about a comparative analysis, and draw some conclusions on the influential commitment with or without training on pupils' scholastic performance
Petit-Delecourt, Elisa. "Prise en compte du travail dans les changements de pratiques vers l’agroécologie : outils et informations pour l’accompagnement des agriculteurs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA006/document.
Full textIn order to reduce agricultural pollution, farmers are invited to change their practices. But these new practices can generate changes in organization and working time, which farmers assert to explain their difficulty to change. Our goal is to study these changes in the work and to design tools facilitating agroecological transitions of farmers. We have surveyed agricultural advisers and farmers to analyze the consulting service offer, and the nature of the work information that farmers need in order to implement new practices. Noting the inadequacy of the existing tools, we organized two tool design workshops with their future users. We have identified and described 28 tools that could be designed. Four prototypes were developed: a technical sheet informing about work changes, a quiz and a serious game to identify work changes for a farm, and a test logbook to record key information to establish an assessment of work competition management and organizational choices
Van, De Voorde Antoine. "Incidence des pratiques d’entretien des toitures sur la qualité des eaux de ruissellement : cas des traitements par produits biocides." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1035/document.
Full textFirstly, this thesis listed the different roof treatment practices in France. Once the major treatment practice selected (biocidal treament), the analytical protocol of the most widely used molecule (benzalkonium or alkyldimethylbenzylammonium) was developed. This protocol has been followed to evaluate the biocide concentration levels in roof runoff after a treatment. A double approach was considered : - Follow up of the benzalkonium flux for one year in runoff using 12 bench tests exposed to natural conditions. - Evaluation of the influence of different parameters (material, product dosage and rain intensity) on benzalkonium emmission processes with simulated rains. Finally, all the data acquired allowed the evaluation of the incidence of biocidal treatments on roof runoff contamination at different scales ( local and residential watershed). The results of the bench tests showed a very high benzalkonium contamination during the millimetres of rain (5 to 27 mg/L), higher than the different EC50s of aquatic organisms ( 5.9 ùg/L). Furthermore, the results showed an influence of the tile material on the release of benzalkonium : clay tiles were less washed off than concrete tiles. The contamination decreased with successive rains, but remained significantly high several months after treatment. Moreover, laboratory studies showed a proportional release of benzalkonium from waterproofed tiles with respect to the biocidal mass spread. On the contrary, tiles without any surface treatment were not sensitive to the product's dosage. On a local scale, precautions have to be taken during treatment with respect to the harvest / reuse of the runoff. Indeed, high benzalkonium concentrations during the first rains may have a potential impact on watered plants, microbial equilibrium in the collection tank and irritating effects on human. A deconnection of the tank for at least three to five months will reduce the risks. Finally, based upon the bench tests results and a survey on roof treatment practices, the benzalkonium concentrations and fluxes were injected in a mathematical model on a watershed scale. The results showed a significant contamination linked to the particles. The annual mass of benzalkonium transferred to the rainwaters could reach 0.85kg / waterproofed ha / year
Tufféry-Rochdi, Chantal. "Les ressources au cœur des pratiques des professeurs de mathématiques : le cas de l'enseignement d'exploration MPS en seconde." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0010/document.
Full textOur questioning emerges from the establishment of a new teaching, called Scientific Methods and Practices (MPS), as part of the French high school reform in 2010. This multidisciplinary teaching, which aims to initiate pupils to a scientific approach, leds mathematics teachers to question and to change their practices. We propose to analyze these changes in terms of resources and the way teachers work on these resources. We retain two approaches: the double approach didactic and ergonomic of the teaching practices (Robert, 2010a; Rogalski, 2010) and the documentational approach of didactics (Gueudet et Trouche, 2010). Our research is conducted from observations of mathematics teachers involved in MPS and engaged in different disciplinary and multidisciplinary collectives. These observations are supplemented by interviews with colleagues in other disciplines. We also performed a study of resources available for one of the themes proposed. This study is part of the research program ReVEA (Living Resources for Teaching and Learning), supported by the ANR. Our thesis aims to show the impact of resources and lack of resources from understanding the prescribed task to the effective task, and also the impact of the different collectives in which the mathematics teacher is involved. It questions as well the effects of this work on professional development, especially regarding the inquiry-based science teaching
Clergué, Boris. "Évaluation de l'impact des pratiques agricoles sur les fonctions de la biodiversité à l'aide d'indicateurs agri-environnementaux : approche globale et développement d'un indicateur de "résistance aux stress biotiques"." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL048N/document.
Full textRelevant tools for assessment are necessary to evaluate the impact of agricultural pratices on the functions provided by biodiversity at the plot scale to the landscape scale. The goal and the innovation of this work has been to explore a new method of creation of an assessment tool of the biodiversity functions. We have chosen like assessment method the agri-environmental indicators, which make it possible to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on environment compartments (water, soil, air, fauna and flora) and help to decision-making. We thus propose a general architecture of an indicator of functional biodiversity and the detail of an agronomic function indicator of importance: resistance to the biotic stresses. Within this indicator, an under-indicator is: the « role of the terrestrial auxiliaries ». Carabids will be used as model auxiliary for the construction of this under-indicator. Two building methods of indicators are compared: a method with expert saying and a method with data mining, this second method representing an innovation of the thesis. The results of these methods are then compared with field datas leads on the Vittel territory. Field datas related to the follow-up of the carabid populations and the organization of the agricultural landscape. A treatment by a geographical information system allowed the validation of the indicators obtained
Coutherut, Margaux. "Les textes procéduraux en anglais : création d'une échelle de prototypicalité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC226/document.
Full textProcedural texts play an important part in daily life and yet, studies in this domain are lacking. It is posited that a better knowledge of how they work would help people to write them better. Work on procedural texts is generally done at the crossroads of several disciplines: English for Specific Purposes, Corpus Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Genre Analysis.Starting with the state of the art on procedural texts, a study of the organizational and linguistic levels of texts compiled in several corpora composed of cooking recipes (considered as the reference), gaine mies, science lab protocols user's guides and safety instructions is carried out. These are then compared with one another in the third part. The aim o: this research is to determine which procedural microgenres are the most prototypical and to establish if the specialised or the non-specialised nature of the text has an influence on its degree of prototypicality. This entails the creation of a scale of prototypicality which takes into account the presence, or absence, of protypical features such as a preponderance of imperative verb forms, the frequency of ellipsis, the length of the texts and of their sentences, the adherence to chronological order, the presence of explanations, a two-part structure (elements used and procedural part) and how the mind processes this sort of text
Ferchaud, Fabien. "Etude des bilans d’eau, d’azote et de carbone dans des agrosystèmes dédiés à la production de biomasse en fonction des espèces et des pratiques culturales." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0037.
Full textSecond generation biofuels could provide renewable energy to the transportation sector while mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gas, energy and environmental balances will probably depend on the feedstock used for their production. Bioenergy crops that could be used for second generation biofuels will have to fulfil several requirements, including high productivity, low input requirements, and low environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to assess the water, N and C balances at the plot scale for various bioenergy crops with different management. The study is based on a long term field experiment, called “Biomass & Environment”, established at the INRA experimental station in Estrées-Mons, northern France. This experiment includes two perennial C4 crops (Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass), two semi-perennial forage C3 crops (fescue and alfalfa) and two annual C4/C3 crops (fibre sorghum and triticale). It compares two nitrogen treatments and two dates of harvest of perennial crops: early (October) or late harvest (February). Measurements have been carried out on: i) biomass production; ii) soil water stocks, monitored continuously during 7 years; iii) root depth and density; iv) drainage and nitrate concentration in drained water, assessed from soil water and mineral N content measurements (in mid-autumn and late winter) and using the STICS model; v) soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in 2006 and 2011-2012; vi) the fate of 15N-labelled fertiliser applied during 4 or 5 successive years.Thanks to their deep rooting system, perennial and semi-perennial crops consumed more water than annual crops. The amount of drained water was lower under semi-perennial than annual crops (64 vs. 133 mm yr-1 average over 7 years), despite an equivalent biomass production. It was intermediate under perennial crops (56-137 mm yr-1) and negatively correlated to biomass production, itself depending on crop species and N rate. Nitrate concentration in drained water varied between 2 and 23 mg l-1. It was generally lower under perennial than other crops, except for miscanthus on the first year of measurement. SOC stocks increased markedly over time under semi-perennial crops (+0.93 t C ha-1 yr-1), whereas no significant change occurred under perennial and annual crops. The 15N recovery in the harvested biomass was lower for perennial than other crops, particularly when harvested late, but compensated by a higher 15N recovery in belowground organs and soil. The overall 15N recovery in the soil-plant system was 69% in perennials, 61% in semi-perennials and 56% in annual crops, suggesting that important fertiliser losses occurred through volatilisation and denitrification. In our pedo-climatic conditions, the C4 perennial crops performed best in terms of production, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen losses towards the groundwater and the atmosphere. However, only semi-perennial crops yielded in SOC sequestration
Niang, Amadou Yoro. "Etude sur la pertinence des stratégies de formation continue des enseignants au Sénégal : les Conseillers Pédagogiques Itinérants (C.P.I.) peuvent-ils constituer un modèle plausible ? : à quelles conditions ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2068.
Full textOur thesis deals with an experiment, which, to date, has not been formally evaluated in Senegal. By choosing particularly to analyze the Senegalese in-service teacher training system, we want, on the one hand, to consider the relevance of this coaching model provided by itinerant pedagogical advisors (I.P.A), and, on the other hand, to study the links between that model and the paradigm of the 'reflective practitioner '. All this comes down to mainly dealing with the question of the conditions related to the possibility of emergence of a new in-service training paradigm in Senegal. The aim is then, based on facts, to know to what extent the I.P.A. system is or isn’t the lever in mind, under what conditions it might possibly become so. Based on our investigations, we will then seek among the teachers and trainers of our population, the postures, attitudes and behavior revealing clues that could refer to the emergence of pedagogical reflexivity. Ultimately, we want to test the hypothesis that the itinerant pedagogical advisor system, created for economic and organizational reasons, may actually be a lever to develop the paradigm of the « reflective practitioner and, at the same time, address the weaknesses of the quality of the educational action currently characterizing teachers in Senegalese primary schools. A critical study of the ‘reflective practitioner’ and ‘analysis of accompanied practices’ as far as teacher training is concerned, a survey of teachers trained through the I.P.A. model, an analysis of its relevance on the field and a tracking of the indices from the collected data that might refer to pedagogical reflexivity will enable us to validate our hypothesis and, at the same time to conceptualize a new paradigm of alternative development of education in the Senegalese school system