Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesures cohérentes de risque'
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Mailhot, Mélina. "Mesures de risque et dépendance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29656/29656.pdf.
Full textIn risk theory, the main task of the actuary is to manage the risks underwritten by the company so that, at any time, it will be able to fulfill its obligations. Risk measures are valuable tools for this purpose. In this thesis, risk measures and capital allocation methods based on the dependence between multivariate risks are studied. Also, new measures of risk and capital allocation methods are developed within the framework of multivariate portfolios with partially aggregated dependencies between risks. The introduction presents a literature review and the concepts discussed in this thesis. In the second chapter, the capital allocation based on the measure Tail Value-at- Risk (TVaR) for a portfolio of risks following multivariate distributions with continuous severities is presented. The third chapter is the study of the bivariate Value-at-Risk (VaR). The latter is studied and illustrated, according to the dependence between risks. Several results on the conditions of convexity and relative to concordance orders and bounds of this metric are set. An interesting application in insurance is also presented. The new bivariate lower and upper orthant TVaR are presented in chapter four. These measures are motivated, studied and applied to Equity Indexed Annuities associated with correlated assets. The fifth chapter presents a numerical algorithm in order to calculate lower and upper bounds for sums of random variables. The method suggested is concise and parsimonious. It also allows to compute bounds for the VaR for sums of random variables. A brief conclusion recalls the contributions of this thesis and suggests some interesting research venues in connection with topics discussed in the previous chapters.
Di, Bernardino Éléna. "Modélisation de la dépendance et mesures de risque multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838598.
Full textSaid, Khalil. "Mesures de risque multivariées et applications en science actuarielle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1245.
Full textThe entry into force since January 1st, 2016 of Solvency 2, the European regulatory reform of insurance industry, is a historic event that will radically change the practices in risk management. It is based on taking into account the own risk profile and the internal view of risk through the ability to use internal models for calculating solvency capital requirement and ORSA (Own Risk and Solvency Assessment) approach for internal risk management. It makes the mathematical modeling an essential tool for a successful regulatory exercise. The risk theory must allow to support this development by providing answers to practical problems, especially those related to the dependence modeling and the choice of risk measures. In the same context, this thesis presents a contribution to improving the management of insurance risks. In four chapters we present multivariate risk measures and their application to the allocation of solvency capital. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the introduction and study of a new family of multivariate elicitable risk measures that we will call multivariate expectiles. The first chapter presents these measures and explains the different construction approaches. The multivariate expectiles verify a set of coherence properties that we also discuss in this chapter before proposing a stochastic approximation tool of these risk measures. The performance of this method is insufficient in the asymptotic levels of the expectiles thresholds. That makes the theoretical analysis of the asymptotic behavior necessary. The asymptotic behavior of multivariate expectiles is then the subject of the second chapter of this part. It is studied in a multivariate regular variations framework, and some results are given in the case of equivalent marginal tails. We also study in the second chapter of the first part the asymptotic behavior of multivariate expectiles under previous assumptions in the presence of a perfect dependence, or in the case of asymptotic independence. Finally, we propose using extreme values statistics some estimators of the asymptotic expectile in these cases. The second part of the thesis is focused on the issue of solvency capital allocation in insurance. It is divided into two chapters; each chapter consists of a published paper. The first one presents an axiomatic characterization of the coherence of a capital allocation method in a general framework. Then it studies the coherence properties of an allocation approach based on the minimization of some multivariate risk indicators. The second paper is a probabilistic analysis of the behavior of this capital allocation method based on the nature of the marginal distributions of risks and the dependence structure. The asymptotic behavior of the optimal allocation is also studied and the impact of dependence is illustrated using some selected models and copulas. Faced to the significant presence of dependence between the various risks taken by insurance companies, a multivariate approach seems more appropriate to build responses to the various issues of risk management. This thesis is based on a multidimensional vision of risk and proposes some multivariate risk measures that can be applied to several actuarial issues of a multivariate nature
El, Amraoui Sonia. "Trois essais sur les mesures et déterminants du risque systémique." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D017.
Full textSystemic risk is a risk that can compromise the survival of the financial system. Systemic risk refers to the spread of a single bank failure to other banks. What are the measures and determinants of systemic risk? This thesis proposes an investigation of this transversal question through three chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of the various measures of systemic risk, identifies commonalities and differences and specifies the interest of each measure. The issue is the correlation between the stress test results and the various measures of systemic risk. The second chapter studies the concept of Asset Commonality as a new measure of systemic risk. The third chapter examines the relationship between different measures of systemic risk and corporate social responsibility. The empirical results show that -1- the stress test results should be supplemented by an evaluation of the systemic risk measures, -2- Asset Commonality could be considered as a complementary tool to assess the systemic risk, -3- the corporate social responsibility of financial institutions is important in order to reduce systemic risk
Usseglio-Carleve, Antoine. "Estimation de mesures de risque pour des distributions elliptiques conditionnées." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1094/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the estimation of some risk measures for a real random variable Y with a covariate vector X. For that purpose, we will consider that the random vector (X,Y) is elliptically distributed. In a first time, we will deal with the quantiles of Y given X=x. We thus firstly investigate a quantile regression model, widespread in the litterature, for which we get theoretical results that we discuss. Indeed, such a model has some limitations, especially when the quantile level is said extreme. Therefore, we propose another more adapted approach. Asymptotic results are given, illustrated by a simulation study and a real data example.In a second chapter, we focus on another risk measure called expectile. The structure of the chapter is essentially the same as that of the previous one. Indeed, we first use a regression model that is not adapted to extreme expectiles, for which a methodological and statistical approach is proposed. Furthermore, highlighting the link between extreme quantiles and expectiles, we realize that other extreme risk measures are closely related to extreme quantiles. We will focus on two families called Lp-quantiles and Haezendonck-Goovaerts risk measures, for which we propose extreme estimators. A simulation study is also provided. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to the case where the size of the covariate vector X is tall. By noticing that our previous estimators perform poorly in this case, we rely on some high dimensional estimation methods to propose other estimators. A simulation study gives a visual overview of their performances
PRADIER, PIERRE CHARLES. "Concepts et mesures du risque en theorie economique essai historique et critique." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0031.
Full textCaillault, Cyril R. "Le risque de marché : mesures et backtesting : approche par les copules dynamiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0009.
Full textThis thesis deals with the copulas in order to measure the market risk. Chapter 1, we recall the Most important results concerning copulas : definition, Sklar's theorem, constructions, tail dependence, concordance measures, and simulation's algorithms. In Chapter 2, we develop a non parametric estimation method based on tail dependence concept that we compare with the “Omnibus" estimator. We show that the choice of the best copula could be different according to the method. Then, our results show existence of co movements between Asian markets. Chapter 3, we develop dynamical methods to compute the Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall measures. The choice of the measure is discussed according to the Basle amendment. Chapter 4, we introduce the dynamical copula to calculate Value at Risk. Three tests are proposed in order to validate this computations method
Deguest, Romain. "Incertitude de modèle en finance : mesures de risque et calibration de modèle." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPXX0062.
Full textMerli, Maxime. "Les mesures alternatives du risque de défaut des obligations : notation, écart de rentabilité et probabilité de défaut." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR1EC05.
Full textThe default risk is the most important risk for coupon bearing bonds investors. Indeed, it represents the potential non-payment of coupon or coupon and principal by the issuers. Two + tools ; are generally used by professionals in order to measure this risk. The rating is a qualitative measure allocated by agencies such as standard and poor's or moody's. The yield spread is a quantitative measure deduced from asset prices on the financial market. This work is dedicated to the construction of modelisations integrating this potential bankruptcy of the issuer and their validations using market data. Several modelisations are proposed wich use the actuarial default spread or the dynamic evolution of zero-coupon bond prices. In an actuarial approach, we propose an original two parameter model that can be easily used to construct the default probabilities term structure using the prices of long and short term debts of the issuer. With this modelisation, we demonstrate that the actuarial default spread is positively linked to the level of interest rate. This result is in opposition to the ones obtained by other theoretical approaches (for example Leland and Toft (1996)). In another part of this work, we extend the approach for pricing bonds subject to default risk proposed by Jarrow et Turnbull (1995). Our original modeling enables the description of different types of bankruptcy in a unified modelisation. From an empirical point of view, we propose alternative original measure based on the deformation of interest rate term structure which can replace the actuarial yield default spread. Then, we test these measures using various samples of French bonds. We show that the typology induced by ratings is not reproduced in the default spreads. Only four classes of risk are necessary in order to describe the risky bond market. Finally, we study the effect of bond rating change on asset prices and we show that this change is generally anticipated by the investors
Marri, Fouad. "Évaluation des mesures de ruine dans le cadre de modèles avancés de risque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26001/26001.pdf.
Full textTorossian, Léonard. "Méthodes d'apprentissage statistique pour la régression et l'optimisation globale de mesures de risque." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30192.
Full textThis thesis presents methods for estimation and optimization of stochastic black box functions. Motivated by the necessity to take risk-averse decisions in medecine, agriculture or finance, in this study we focus our interest on indicators able to quantify some characteristics of the output distribution such as the variance or the size of the tails. These indicators also known as measure of risk have received a lot of attention during the last decades. Based on the existing literature on risk measures, we chose to focus this work on quantiles, CVaR and expectiles. First, we will compare the following approaches to perform quantile regression on stochastic black box functions: the K-nearest neighbors, the random forests, the RKHS regression, the neural network regression and the Gaussian process regression. Then a new regression model is proposed in this study that is based on chained Gaussian processes inferred by variational techniques. Though our approach has been initially designed to do quantile regression, we showed that it can be easily applied to expectile regression. Then, this study will focus on optimisation of risk measures. We propose a generic approach inspired from the X-armed bandit which enables the creation of an optimiser and an upper bound on the simple regret that can be adapted to any risk measure. The importance and relevance of this approach is illustrated by the optimization of quantiles and CVaR. Finally, some optimisation algorithms for the conditional quantile and expectile are developed based on Gaussian processes combined with UCB and Thompson sampling strategies
Bentoumi, Rachid. "Étude et estimation de certaines mesures de risque multivariées avec applications en finance." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2262/1/030269814.pdf.
Full textYouta, Momene Ulrich. "Mesures électrophysiologiques : indicateurs d'exposition aux microblessures anatomiques à risque de troubles musculo-squelettiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32765.
Full textMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) refer to a set of symptoms of the musculoskeletal system such as pain, muscle weakness, inappropriate gestures, etc. The MSDs in this research works are work-related and are attributable, among other things, to repetitive or high-speed movements, to constraining or prolonged postures, exposing anatomical tissues to mechanical overstretching. According to the ranks of "Prevention Index", among the top 20 sub-sectors at risk of MSD, almost all are found among manual workers. However, it is unclear why on a similar workstation, one person develops a TMS while another is free. The goal is to identify muscle parameters (EMG) and brain activation (EEG) that may be personal determinants of muscle micro-injury exposure. Our hypothesis is that tissue overload causes micro-injuries that can result in TMS and that some people are more susceptible to micro-injury; and therefore more at risk of developing a TMS. To do this, physiological data (EEG, EMG) were collected on 12 participants young adults (26,83 ± 4,13 years, two women) in good health during two simulated tasks in standing posture including operations A) with a low risk of exposure to micro-injuries (reference task) and B) with a greater risk of micro-injury exposure (evaluation task). We calculated the power spectral density (DSP) of the signals from the normalized signals for EEG (ERD / ERS expressed in%) as well as for EMG (DSP expressed in μv2) An analysis of variance (ANOVA to repeated measurements) to three factors was conducted to determine the differences across each experimental condition. Our results show the existence of a significant difference in physiological signals during the execution of two tasks. In particular, on the personal determinants at the origin of the differences, we see a significant increase in the desynchronization (ERD) of the beta waves on the left temporal electrode during the task at high-level risk (B) compared to the low-level risk task (A) of micro-injury. In addition, a nonsignificant decrease in power spectral density (DSP), muscle activity on the right deltoid was observed under the same conditions. Although our work is exploratory in nature, it contributes to the advancement of a new approach to characterization of exposure indicators to micro injuries based on physiological signals
Ruiz, Tony. "Analyse de l'interaction entre un sillage tridimensionnel et une paroi – Détection de structures cohérentes responsables de fluctuations de pression pariétale." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461293.
Full textClaveau, Dominique. "Les mesures de risque d'un portefeuille de titres à revenus fixes et les facteurs de risque de la dette du Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ49083.pdf.
Full textZouhal, Adra. "Le risque en droit pénal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G025.
Full textThe notion of risk is doubly uncertain: it contains an irreducible part of hazard as its realization in damage on the one hand, and its lack of definition by the law on the other. However, this gap is at odds, both with the exponential use of the notion of risk in criminal law, whether substantive or form, and with the principle of legality of offences and sentences, which implies that the legislator defines clearly and precisely the notions and concepts to which it refers. That is the reason why the legitimacy of the use of the notion of risk in criminal law can be questionable. The presence of such an uncertain notion in a field involving the fundamental rights of the person is likely to jeopardize the imperatives of the State of laws. Moreover, the criminal law of anticipation, which aims to prevent the occurrence of possible but uncertain interference with a protected right, is criticized. The purpose of this demonstration is therefore to know whether or not the legislature uses wisely the notion of risk in criminal law. The answer to this issue will previously require to ensure that criminal law is actually legitimate to focus on the notion of risk. This is not because the legislature takes into account a notion that its account is necessarily legitimate. Moreover, it is important to keep in mind that risk and the criminal law are inherently contradictory: the risk is uncertain, immaterial and is linked to the concept of prevention while the criminal law is the right of repression, the materiality and the certainty. A deep study of their respective natures will nevertheless make it possible to overcome the contradiction, stating that the criminal law is theoretically legitimate to accept the notion of risk. This legitimacy stays nonetheless quite precarious. To secure this legitimacy, only a certain kind of risk, a risk with a managed level can be taken into account. If the legislator claims using the notion of risk in criminal law for anticipated criminal protection of society, he still cannot ignore the principles that are applicable in criminal law. From the study of the fundamental principles of criminal law, its legal concepts and its supralegislatives sources, this research will then offer a definition of the notion of risk in criminal law, containing the theoretical criteria of a legitimate criminally detectable risk. Its comparison with positive law, will emphasize whether the use of the notion of risk by the legislator in criminal law, makes him lose or not its legitimacy
Barrios, Carolina. "UneRéconciliation des mesures de l'utilité à l'aide de la "prospect theory" : une approche expérimentale." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0018.
Full textDurand, Cyrielle Lucie. "Développement d'une batterie de mesures biologiques pour l'évaluation du risque associé aux sédiments contaminés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0387/document.
Full textThe ecological, regulatory and economic stakes impose to propose reliable methodologies to assess the risk of contaminated sediments for the environment, following a gradual approach (which allows to rank and to proportion efforts), considering the potential risks on the ecosystems. This work aims to develop a biological tool for the hazard assessment of contaminated freshwaters sediments. It consists in the evaluation of natural sediments toxicity contaminated by chemicals pollutants, through the measurement of biological disturbances caused to laboratory exposed organisms. Thus, a bioassay battery composed of three species (G. fossarum crustacean arthropod; P. antipodarum gastropod mollusc and C. riparius insect arthropod), belonging to different phyla, was built. The battery was developed within two main steps. The first concerns the evaluation of the natural variability of organisms life-traits exposed to a good quality (not or few contaminated) sediment series, which present a range of particle size grading and organic matter content as large as possible. The second step consists in a comparison between life-traits responses in contaminated conditions and the range of responses previously obtained in control conditions. Thus, the battery capacity to discriminate was assessed on contaminated sediment for each endpoint for the three tested species. Results show some traits with a high discriminating power (e.g. G. fossarum feeding rate) and on the contrary some traits with a very low discriminating power (e.g. P. antipodarum embryo production). Intermediates responses are treated separately. Actually, it can present median sensitivity to contaminants or specific sensitivities (e.g. C. riparius growth rate responded only to pesticides contaminations). Results allow to obtain biological response thresholds for each endpoint of the three tested species, and recommendations for the use of developed tests (which species / traits to use in which conditions?)
Encelle, Paul. "Contribution à l'analyse des mécanismes de gestion et de mesures sociales d'un risque : le cas français des accidents du travail." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100119.
Full textTokpavi, Sessi Noudele. "Essais sur la Value-at-Risk : mesures de risque intra-journalières et tests de validation." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE0510.
Full textCantin, Etienne. "Cavité à haute finesse pour la production et la détection de sources atomiques cohérentes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0259/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the development of two original tools for atom interferometry.The first is a high finesse optical cavity for the manipulation of 87Rb cold atoms. This cavity isfirstly used to enhance the intensity of an optical dipole trap. Thus, by realizing an evaporativecooling on the atomic sample, we reached Bose-Einstein condensation. Furthermore, the nondegeneratecavity allows the injection of different transverse electromagnetic modes. In thisway, we have demonstrated the generation and the manipulation of arrays of atomic ensemblesusing these modes. Successive measurements of these atomic ensembles in an atominterferometric sequence would increase the interrogation time and thus the sensitivity of thesensor.Secondly, the use of weak nondestructive measurements on the atoms allows to extractinformation from the system with negligible perturbation of the ensemble. Applying feedbackafter the measurement, we were able to control the quantum state of the system. Using amodified Ramsey sequence with weak nondestructive measurements and phase corrections, werealized a phase lock loop between a local oscillator and the atomic state. We have thendemonstrated that this protocol leads to a stability enhancement of an atomic clock byovercoming the limit set by the local oscillator.We also contributed to the development of the commercial laser platform EYLSA fromQuantel, testing its performances on two laser cooling experiments
Sadok, Moufida. "Veille anticipative stratégique pour réduire le risque des agressions numériques." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21020.
Full textThis research work addresses the problem related to management in the digital era and show the need to consider risk, generated by the digital aggressions targeting the security of the information resources of a corporate which highly using the ICT, as a risk management rather then a technical risk. We have constructed and implemented a method, called MARRAN, for the analysis and the reduction of digital aggressions risk. This method aims to support the process of collective interpretation of information considered as a week signal type in order to reduce the reaction time against digital aggressions and even anticipate there occurrence. MARRAN is based on major actor, the mediator, who accomplishes a set of actions that aim to help the IRT (Incident Response Team) members to construct individual views, conciliate individual divergent views, and refine the needed reasoning. The mediator needs to have skills such as the credibility, which is based on experience and expertise and the well knowledge of the corporate, its objectives and the characteristics of its information system. We have validated MARRAN method based on real cases of digital aggressions and have specified its replication conditions. Also, we have evaluated MARRAN with experts in information security. MARRAN is supported by software that was developed to use various applications in internet technology and allowing mainly the construction of a knowledge base through the capitalization of the attack scenarios processed by the IRT members
Raïs, Hassen. "Gestion des risques : mesures et stratégies : analyse empirique de la gestion des risques dans les entreprises non financières françaises." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10063/document.
Full textThis thesis is in line with empirical research on the determinants of riskmanagement (Bodnar et al, 2001, Grant and Marshall, 2002, Bailly, El Masry,2003 Benkhediri, 2006, Judge, 2006). These studies test different hypothesesto explain the risk management strategies implemented by non-financial firms.The contribution of this thesis is the building of a database including not onlyquantitative risk management strategies of 400 non-financial French firms butalso the organization of the risk management function.Empirical analyzes conducted on these data the following results:• The sophistication of the organization of the risk management function isdetermined primarily by its sector, diversification, liquidity and size.• The sophistication of the organization of the risk management of a firm is animportant explanatory factor for the sophistication of its risk managementstrategy• The lack of hedging by external derivatives, is not the fact of ignoring therisks, but results in 25% of cases, an active strategy of internal assurance.• The hedging strategy by derivatives is determined by the importance of therisk management function, the growth of the company, tax benefits and size.• The use of insurance for hedging operational risks is "U" shaped distributionin relation to company size: the smallest and the largest firms use moreinsurance than medium
Belkacem, Lotfi. "Processus stables et applications en finance : CAPM, risque, choix des portefeuilles, évaluation des options dans un marché "[alpha]-stable"." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090053.
Full textDefossez, Stéphanie. "EVALUATION DES MESURES DE GESTION DU RISQUE INONDATION. APPLICATION AU CAS DES BASSES PLAINES DE L'AUDE." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542397.
Full textSoubaras, Hélène. "Mesures de risque probabilistes et non probabilistes dans les systèmes markoviens pour la planification sous incertitude." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENST0012.
Full textOn applications such as crisis management, the decision-maker's role is crucial. Indeed, if he performs a good and early choice of what actions to do, taking into account his limited available resources, he can avoid an important part of human or financial losses. We focus on a Markov modeling of a system, which is suitable in many situations (propagating phenomena. . . ). We aim at defining risk measures as decision criteria in such systems that wililead to define a robust Markov Decision Process (MDP) [107]. The motivation of this thesis is first examining probabilistic risk measures, and we consider Markov chain modeling of systems for this. But the main difficulty in applications such as early crisis management is that the data are missing for determining a probabilistic model, due to the uncertainty about what may happen, the lack of observations at the very beginning of a crisis, and their imprecision (e. G. Textual information). This is why we shall consider a generalization of the Markov chain called Evidential Markov Chain (EMC) [75], to the DS's Theory of Evidence [121]. We shall use this generalization in order to propose a new measure of risk and involve it in a generalized MDP (Evidential MDP). The main results of this thesis are: - an algorithm for forecasting risk in Markov chains; - an algorithm for forecasting risk in Markov space-time model; - an algorithm for forecasting risk in Evidential Markov Chains; - the simulation of a crisis with an Evidential Markov Chain; - evidential measures of uncertainty applicable to risk (generalized channel capacity); - an algorithm for solving the Evidential MDP (EMDP); - application of the EMDP on a search-and-rescue robot. These contributions will be illustrated on the following case studies: - a geopolitical crisis; - a benchmark of the IPC (International Planning Competition) in robotics for searchand-rescue; - small examples of crisis management
Defossez, Stéphanie. "Évaluation des mesures de gestion du risque inondation. Application au cas des basses plaines de l'Aude." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30073.
Full textFlood risk management has long exclusively focused on controlling flood hazard. Structural or soft hazard-related measures such as dikes, dams or catch basins often prevail over prevention. However, both the frequent failure of those structural measures and the increasing damage related to floods compelled practitioners to come up with holistic and multi-stakeholder alternative policies. Over the past fifteen years, public policies have aimed at introducing preventive measures such as land-use planning and vulnerability reduction. The Aude lowlands provide an insightful case study. This region is exposed to frequent and disastrous flooding. The 1999 flood disaster which brought heavy damage in the area emphasized the limits of the existing risk management framework. In the Aude lowlands, practitioners struggle to provide an effective solution to the flooding problem. For the past 40 years, there has been a series of projects which all failed to mitigate the occurrence of disasters. In this context, this research work aimed at assessing the present risk management frameworks. Such an assessment should serve as the basis for revisiting flood policies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficiency, pertinence and performance of the existing flood risk management frameworks through different approaches: risk assessments, cost-benefits analyses and perception studies. This evaluation dealt with large-scale and smaller-scale events. Structural measures and hazard-based policies still prevail. This restrictive viewpoint conflicts with the complexity of local territories and leaves little space for preventive actions. Lowland flood risk management should further deal with the complex political context shaped around many conflicts. Perspectives for improving flood risk management should focus on involving a larger range of stakeholders and measures with clearly-defined hazard-based objectives
Dudek, Jérémy. "Illiquidité, contagion et risque systémique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984984.
Full textAndrieu, Laetitia. "Optimisation sous contrainte en probabilité." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001239.
Full textRichard, Olivier. "Considérations adaptatives. Mesures explicites et implicites de l'anxieté de reblessure." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30024.
Full textReinjury anxiety is a psychological reaction arising further to an injury. Currently, the scientific literature considers reinjury anxiety solely as a negativ emotion you have to deal with and make disappear. Fact is, reinjury anxiety seems to be an hindrance to reeducation and a potential trouble when restarting a physical activity. We would like to adopt another point of view and consider the adaptive aspect of this emotion. We know anxiety, as a defensive reaction, makes you prone to action (avoidance and inhibition) and therefore could also be used as a positive incentive. Through our researches, we explored the positive aspects and mechanisms of reinjury anxiety on sportsman and non-sportsman people.The file is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the academic work concerning reinjury anxiety. In a second chapter, we develop an explicit measure to reinjury anxiety. Chapter three explores the connections between reinjury anxiety and risk taking. The fourth chapter is related to the implicit measure of reinjury anxiety and its action readiness. Finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we discuss the results and the psychological treatment for reinjury anxiety
Chave, Sylvain. "Elaboration d'une méthode intégrée du diagnostic du risque hydrologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10018.
Full textLarrivée-Hardy, Etienne. "Mesures de ruine sur un horizon infini pour des modèles de renouvellement composés avec dépendance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26059.
Full textLa théorie de la ruine est un des domaines des sciences actuarielles où la complexité mathématique est un facteur limitant les chercheurs. Dans ce mémoire, on s'intéresse donc à des méthodes numériques permettant d'approximer différentes quantités d'intérêt. Cependant, avant d'aborder le coeur du sujet, on fournit une revue de la littérature concernant la théorie de la ruine et on étudie certaines mesures de ruine en temps infini pour des modèles de risque où il y a dépendance entre les temps inter-sinistres et les montants de sinistre. On présente aussi les bases mathématiques nécessaires à la compréhension de ce mémoire pour toute personne ayant des connaissances de bases en science actuarielle et en statistiques. Puis, le c÷ur de ce travail, l'évaluation numérique de mesures de ruine à l'aide de trois méthodes numériques basées sur la simulation, respectivement (1) la méthode de Monte Carlo simple, (2) la méthode basée sur l'expression exacte de Gerber pour la probabilité de ruine, et (3) la méthode basée sur l'échantillonnage préférentiel. Nous discuterons également de la qualité respective de chaque méthode. En particulier, nous montrerons que la méthode basée sur l'échantillonnage préférentiel fournit des résultats sans biais et avec une erreur relative bornée. On présentera aussi plusieurs illustrations numériques.
Ruin theory is a field in actuarial science where researchers are often impeded by mathematical complexity. In this thesis, we look at some numerical methods that can be used to alleviate this problem. Before getting to the core of this work, we provide a review of the litterature concerning ruin theory and we study some infinite-time ruin measures within risk models assuming dependence between interclaim times and claim amounts. We also present the mathematical background necessary to understand this memoir for anyone with a basic understanding of actuarial science and statistics. The main focus of this work is the computation of ruin measures via three different methods based on simulations, namely (1) the crude Monte Carlo method, (2) a variant of the previous method based on Gerber's exact expression for the ruin probability, and (3) the importance sampling method based on change of measure techniques. Another topic that is discussed is the quality of the approximation of each method. In particular, we show that the importance sampling method provides unbiased approximations for the Gerber-Shiu function and bounded relative errors. We also present numerous numerical illustrations.
Souveton, Rémi. "Gestion de portefeuilles internationaux et instruments dérivés : quelques exemples de mesures du risque et de la performance." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32048.
Full textThis dissertation provides some tools intend to improve valuation of risk and measurement of investment performance. The first two chapters discuss international markets and derivatives. The purpose of the chapter 3 is to develop some consequences of the assumption of no arbitrage opportunities on international markets. Especially, we derive a relationship between risk premium in two countries and the sole volatility of exchange rates. Then, we price cross currency option. Such an option provides an implied correlation coefficient between two currencies. In an empirical study we compare this coefficient with the historical coefficient. The chapter 4 deal with measure of performance using the statistical technique of bootstrap. This technique is attractive in order to resolve problems due to small sample that occur when we measure the performance of a portfolio during a krach, but also because, on every period, we observe only one path of returns and prices. This study includes an empirical part about the performance of a portfolio involving currencies and indices. In the last part, we evaluate the risk of default on future and forward contract and the impact of a margin call mechanism on the risk. For the two kind of contract some numerical simulations are run. The "option of default" is also priced when the future price is ruled by some circuit-breaker regulation
Boehler, Marie-Claude. "Le droit de la radioprotection : la protection contre le risque radiologique en droit interne et en droit international." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN20010.
Full textThe protection against radiological risk is one of the few fields of the protection of mankind against the harmful effects of the modern world, where a worldwide reflexion and doctrine have become imperative and have led to recommendations every state has adopted as a basis of its regulations. This has been accepted unanimously because of the quality of the achievements of a number of international organizations of scientific nature which undertook to elaborate the fundamental principles of radiological protection, as well as through some governmental international organizations which registered in judicial norms the scientific organizations recommendations. The radiological protection fundamental principles elaboration process on an international level as well as the technique of turning them into judicial norms has been analysed. This technique explains the persistence and the reinforcement of the tendency toward the formal and material harmonization of the national judicial systems of radiological protection in which these norms are transposed. Their acceptance in national judicial systems is the subject of the analysis of the radiological protection judiciary framework in comparative law and in French internal law
Charly, Sigogne. "Contribution à l'analyse de l'évaluation du risque de foudroiement d'un site. Application au pic du midi de Bigorre." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3039/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis work is to estimate the risk of a structure or a site being struck by lightning. A lightning protection model was developed with the aim to calculate the impact probability on every part of a complex structure. This model is an evolution of the electrogeometric model used as a reference in the lightning protection standards. In particular it allows identifying the most vulnerable areas of the structure, regardless of the type of lightning. To this end, a statistical analysis of the detection network data was also conducted and integrated in the model to take into account the type of flash or the geographical context. In order to validate this model, it was applied to the site of the Pic du Midi de Bigorre, at the top of which several electrical and optical diagnostics were installed. This site in altitude has a relatively complex structure because of the presence of various buildings and a broadcast antenna. The experimental measurements collected on this site show that the broadcast antenna is struck almost systematically which is in line with the results provided by the model. In addition the different physical phenomena involved during a lightning strike on a structure in altitude were studied using the instrumentation developed at the top of the Pic du Midi de Bigorre: current probes, electric field sensors and video cameras. In particular the different phases of a flash were analyzed from the measurements of the electric field variations. The analysis of the latters at the storm cell scale also highlighted the fact that flashes occurring to tens of kilometers from the Pic du Midi can initiate an upward flash on the site. Finally, the lightning current shape was deduced from video recordings of a high-speed camera. Thus the polarity and the propagation direction (upward or downward) of these flashes were associated with their temporal characteristics and with the charges consumed during their development
Douet, Jean-Yves Guérin Jean-Luc. "Infections à Riemerella anatipestifer chez le canard mulard analyse des facteurs de risque et des mesures de contrôle /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2097/1/celdran_2097.pdf.
Full textGravel, Marie. "Structure et performance du réseau des sociétés de capital de risque canadiennes, américaines et européennes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6692.
Full textOliveira, Aurélien. "Conception et développement de capteurs et vêtements intelligents pour le suivi et la protection des pompiers : mesures thermiques non-invasives ambulatoires." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677778.
Full textMacchi, Luigi. "A Resilience Engineering approach for the evaluation of performance variability : development and application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method for air traffic management safety assessment." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00589633.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates the need to develop systemic safety assessment methods to account for the effect of performance variability on air traffic management safety. Like most modern socio-technical systems, air traffic management is so complex that it is impossible for it to be completely described. As consequence, performance cannot be completely specified because it must vary to meet performance demands. Performance variability is an inevitable asset to ensure the functioning of an organisation and at the same time can be harmful for system safety when it combines in an unexpected manner. This argument clearly indicates the need for safety assessment methods that can deal with performance variability. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has the ability to model performance variability. However parts of the FRAM can be improved to expand its capabilities to evaluate performance variability. This thesis addresses this weakness and develops a methodology for the evaluation of performance variability. The methodology has been applied on a safety assessment case study for the German air traffic management domain. The results have been compared with the official results of a traditional safety assessment. The comparison shows the added valued of the proposed methodology. In particular it illustrates the possibility to identify emergent risks and human contribution to system safety
Seck, Babacar. "Optimisation stochastique sous contrainte de risque et fonctions d'utilité." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004576.
Full textFellinger, Anne. "Du soupçon à la radioprotection : Les scientifiques face au risque professionnel de la radioactivité en France." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13130.
Full textThis thesis deals with scientists facing occupational risks due to radioactivity in France, from 1901 to 1967. Scientists are indeed at the same time victims of the dangers of radiations, experts on the hazardous substances and in charge of the organisation of protection. My study explores their role in the process of risks management and regulation and confronts it to the daily scientific practices in laboratories, through the examples of several laboratories in distinct scientific disciplines: the Laboratoire Curie, at the Radium Institute of Paris during the interwar period and the Laboratory of Nuclear Chemistry, the Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and the Laboratory of Biophysics of Strasbourg, after 1945. This history is thus part of an History of Sciences and Medicine, but is also closed to central topics of an History of Environmental Hazards, especially when it comes to risks in the workplace due to toxic substances. It also takes into account gender issue in the setting of regulation and protection against radiations
Le, goff Roland. "La protection des navires soumis au risque de piraterie : enseignements tirés de l’épisode de piraterie somalien (2006 à 2013)." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3012/document.
Full textWhile the number of attacks by Somali pirates appears to be stabilizing at a low level in the Indian Ocean since 2012, it is now possible to identify the effects that had the answers given to this resurgence of piracy, in order to study their effectiveness. The study examines the historical evolution of piracy and legal responses opposed to it. Then it focuses on the particularities of the law that allowed the emergence of Somali piracy in the Indian Ocean. It deals with the peculiarities afforded by the law to allow states and international organizations to fight against piracy in the various maritime areas. It also addresses the legal framework for the protection of vessels, including the employment of private guards that could use force. On the high seas, this possibility depends essentially on the law of the flag state, and the study focuses on French law without refrain from introducing elements of comparison with the national law of other states, when they provide interesting solutions. Finally, after studying ways to protect ships against pirates, the study explores ways to sustainably secure maritime areas against the threat of piracy. In this perspective, it examines the impact of piracy on the domestic law of states but also on international law. In summary, this study provides an as comprehensive as possible overview of the strengths and weaknesses of law in the fight against the form of piracy that emerged off the coast of Somalia before spreading into the whole of the Indian Ocean and examines its impact, short and long term, on the freedom of navigation
Rouzies, Françoise. "La question de la sécurité dans l'aviation civile : la navigation aérienne à l'épreuve de la société du risque." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010724.
Full textLamontagne, Franck. "Les accidents exposant au sang chez le personnel infirmier : evolution du risque et impact des mesures preventives. resultats d'une enquete multicentrique." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05N082.
Full textWiss, Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude de la sécurité des réacteurs chimiques au point d'ébullition par utilisation du refroidissement par évaporation : techniques d'évaluation des risques, méthodes de conception d'installations sûres." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0250.
Full textKervarec, Magali. "Etude des modèles non dominés en mathématiques financières." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370713.
Full textLa première partie est consacrée à la présentation du cadre d'étude et de ses propriétés. La seconde partie traite de l'étude du problème de maximisation de l'utilité de la valeur terminale d'un portefeuille, en considérant ce cadre d'étude. La troisième et la quatrième partie sont dédiées à la définition et aux propriétés des mesures de risque dans notre cadre. Finalement, nous concluons ce travail en proposant un cadre d'étude dynamique pour introduire des mesures de risque dynamiques.
Stéphan, Maïté. "Fiabilité du temps de transport : Mesures, valorisation monétaire et intégration dans le calcul économique public." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD043/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the issue of travel time reliability. The study of travel time reliability emerges from the fact that in many situations, travel time is random. Many events can change the travel time forecasted by operators or expected by users. Moreover, a tradeoff may exist between time and reliability benefits when evaluating socio economic appraisal of transport infrastructure. However, since reliability is still difficult to integrate in this type of evaluation, investment projects’ collective profitability is underestimated and often postponed. Thus, three main issues of travel time reliability analysis emerge: measurement, monetary valuation and implication for cost benefit analysis. This thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter adapts the measure of travel time reliability typically used in the road transport context to the collective modes (rail and air, in particular). We also develop a new reliability measure: the Delay-at-Risk (DaR). DaR is an implementation of the Value-at-Risk (V aR) measure into the transport economic framework. The DaR seem to be relevant and understandable information for the users, especially to plan their travel and avoid missing their connections. The main objective of the second chapter is to define the users’ willingness to pay to improve travel time reliability. We present a theoretical framework based on decision theory under risk. We introduce the concept of reliability-proneness (i.e. travel time risk aversion) and prudence. We develop new measures of travel time reliability expressed as risk premium: the reliability-premium and V OR. The reliability-premium is the maximum amount of additional travel time that an individual is willing to accept to escape all the risk of travel time. The V OR is defined as the maximum monetary amount that an individual is willing to pay to escape all the risk of travel time. Furthermore, we also establish the link with attitudes towards risks of travel time (aversion and prudence) and the impact of the value of travel time (V TTS) and the value of reliability (V OR). The final chapter of this thesis integrates reliability in investments project’s socioeconomic appraisal. More particularly, it allows to determine users’ surplus valuation. We highlight a diffusion effect of reliability benefits with regard to travel time benefits. Thus, we propose recommendations regarding the tradeoff between projects that generate time benefits compared with reliability benefits, according to the monetary values of travel time (V TTS) and reliability (V OR)
Foucher, Karine. "Principe de précaution et risque sanitaire : recherche sur l'encadrement juridique de l'incertitude scientifique." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4026.
Full textThe emergence of the precautionary principle is the outcome, due to the advancement of scientific knowledge, of an awareness of the limitations of the preventionary principle. µAfter it has been acknowledged in the field of environnemental protection, the precautionary principle is moreover liable to apply in the field of public health. Its aims is to prevent risks of typically uncertain, grevious and irreversible damage. Operating it does not require any new legal instruments, it only requires making use of the existing provisions about the prevention of technological risks (preliminary assessment and licence, compulsory follow up, limitations, measures of conservation) taking into account scientific uncertainty. Such steps taken to manage risks happen to be ample dimensions compared with wathever action could be taken according to preventionary principle. The juridical implications of the precautionary principle fall into two categories, wether the risk is managd in a permissive or in a conservatoryway. The point of this approach is so show that the precautionary principle is a principle for action intented to apply of the various stages of decision making. When one considers that distinction to check off the existing or potential means of the taking uncertainty into account in law, substantial presence of that principole can no doubt be traced in law. Its formal consecration does not lead the to a break with existing law. On the contrary, it allows strengthening the precautionary principle widely developed in law, together with is acknowledgement as a juridical principle
Weill-Engerer, Sébastien. "Comparaison des mesures femorales par absorptiometrie x et par ultrasons sur le calcaneum pour l'analyse du risque de fracture du col du femur." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M198.
Full textRuillé, Jonathan. "Management des risques intégré des navires et de leurs armements : un ferry peut-il être une organisation à haute fiabilité ?" Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4027.
Full textDespite the technological developments making the ships more "safe", the recent accidents - Costa Concordia (2012), Sewol (2014), Norman Atlantic (2014) - remind us that the maritime transport remains a risk activity. For as much, the maritime traffic has never been as important, either in number of vessels or in tons of freight transported, and these accidents have a relatively low frequency. The multiplication of regulations and conventions (SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, ISM, ISPS; MLC 2006, etc. ) is intended to reduce them because their consequences can be quickly dramatic: hundreds, or even thousands, of people may lose their lives due to a shipwreck. Thus, ferries have an imperative of reliability counteracting the dangers that threaten them. The responsibilities which weigh on the crew are important, and each day they have to lead the ship of a point A to a point B safely while respecting the deadlines. This thesis is concerned with the organizational reliability by examining the organization allowing the crew, in link with the stakeholders (shipping company, approved inspection body, etc. ), to seize all of requirements for risk management and performance expected, in a context of globalization and increased competition. During our five-week boarding of two ferries, we combined a qualitative approach (observations, interviews) to a quantitative approach (questionnaires) to answer the question: a ferry can be a high reliability organization ?