Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesures temporelles'
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Guerre, Emmanuel. "Méthode non paramétriques d'analyse des séries temporelles multivariées : estimation de mesures de dépendances." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066110.
Full textMazellier, Nicolas. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle du champ de vorticité en turbulence : mesures par corrélation acoustique dynamique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011427.
Full textPrzadka, Adam. "Mesures spatio-temporelles d'ondes à la surface de l'eau : retournement temporel et turbulence d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00790720.
Full textViinikka, Jouni. "Traitement de flux d'alertes en détection d'intrusions avec des méthodes d'analyse de séries temporelles." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2054.
Full textThe first intrusion detection systems were used to detect the breaches of the security policy. This remains their main use today, but complementary and alternative usages are more and more common. For example, some network-based sensors can be used to monitor network management and control traffic, i. E. , normal system functioning. Typically, intrusion detection systems generate large numbers of alerts. This is especially the case with these complementary usages: this thesis focuses on analyzing and processing this type of alerts. Real world alert flows are analyzed to demonstrate that a significant proportion of the alerts can be caused by normal system use. For this reason, some alert flows contain strong regular behaviors. This being established, we propose three different alert flow processing methods. The methods build on techniques from time series analysis, namely exponentially weighted moving averages, and both stationary and non-stationary autoregressive modeling. With these techniques, we first model the normal behavior of alert flows, and then filter out alerts related to the normal use of the monitored system. Our goal is to reduce the workload of the security operator, and to provide him information that is not available by analyzing alerts individually. Experimental results show that this goal is reached
De, Groote Fabien. "Mesures de formes d’ondes temporelles en impulsions : application à la caractérisation de transistors micro-ondes de forte puissance." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/57ec33c5-97ed-43c9-844a-9afef07bd214/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4031.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with time domain characterization of microwave power transistors, in continuous and pulsed modes. A setup has been created with the Large Signal Network Analyser, in order to manage together the constraints of these two objectives : time domain and power characterization. For this kind of setup, a key point is the coupling method, which has used and improved localized techniques defined in the 50s. This method can improve characteristics of the classical couplers in this kind of setup, to introduce as less losses as possible in the main RF path, up to 20 GHz. The second part consists in allowing this setup’s measurements in pulsed mode. A method to acquire data in this mode has been developed, in order to keep all the setup’s dynamic range, even for duty cycles of 0. 0001. In the last part, the interest of measuring time domain slopes with electrical performances is showed, to reach the transistor’s limits in terms of voltage and current. Power capabilities of this setup have been demonstrated with a HEMT AlGaN/GaN Tiger up to 20 W at 2 GHz
Fanuel, Lison. "Mesurer et améliorer le maintien en mémoire de travail chez les adultes jeunes et âgés : mesures comportementales et électrophysiologiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2098/document.
Full textWorking memory is at the core of most of our daily-life activities. This cognitive function allows maintaining information at short-term while processing other information (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968 ; Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). Several models have agreed on the central role of attention in working memory, in particular via a specific maintenance mechanism: attentional refreshing (Johnson, 1992). The present PhD thesis investigated this mechanism, which is still not well known, in young and old adults.Working memory seem to be impaired in aging, and recent studies have suggested that this impairment could be due to a deficit of attentional refreshing in old adults (Hoareau et al., 2016 ; Jarjat et al., 2018 ; Plancher et al., 2017). A behavioral measure of refreshing was used to test the hypothesis of a slowing down of refreshing in aging. However, our results rather suggest an agerelated deficit in the initiation of attentional refreshing and are thus in line with the hypothesis of an impairment (but not necessarily a slowing) of attentional refreshing in aging.To develop a way to improve attentional refreshing in young and old adults, we focused on the dynamic attending theory (Jones, 1976 ; Jones & Boltz, 1989 ; Large & Jones, 1999). Based on music cognition research, the dynamic attending theory proposes that the distribution of attentional resources can be guided in the presence of an external and temporally regular structure, resulting in a better allocation of attentional resources and enhanced perceptual and cognitive processing. As refreshing is an attentional mechanism, we hypothesized that this mechanism might benefit from the presence of temporal regularities during maintenance in working memory. Our studies revealed that the presence of an auditory, temporally regular rhythm during retention benefits indeed attentional refreshing in young adults and some in old adults who have with greater inhibition capacities.As attentional refreshing has been investigated up to now only with indirect behavioral measures, we aimed for a more direct assessment of this mechanism by investigating electrophysiological measures of refreshing. Electroencephalographical recordings during maintenance in working memory suggested that neural oscillations, especially in the beta-bandfrequency range, are involved in attentional refreshing.Our findings strengthen the interest of musical and/or rhythmical intervention techniques aiming to overcome deficits in working memory. The research of this thesis offers new perspectives for studying (1) age-related impairments of maintenance in working memory in aging and (2) the beneficial effect of the presence of a temporally regular structure on neural oscillations duringmaintenance in working memory. In a long-term perspective, electrophysiology could be helpful provide a better understanding of the impact of these techniques on working memory functioning
Molero, Rodenas Beatriz Molero. "Différence d'échelle spatiale entre les mesures satellitaires et in situ d'humidité du sol : analyse par des approches spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30264/document.
Full textSoil moisture is an essential climate variable that is globally monitored with the help of satellite borne microwave instruments. The accuracy of satellite soil moisture estimations is assessed by direct comparison to in situ measurements. While satellite estimates have a resolution ranging between 30 and 100 km, in situ sensors typically measure over an area of a few centimetres (point resolution). This spatial scale mismatch between satellite and in situ soil moisture estimates impairs the validation process and the respective summary statistics to an extent that is not currently known. This thesis aims at improving the knowledge of the spatial scale mismatch, as well as providing methods for its assessment applicable to any validation area. To this end, the connection between the SM spatial and time scales was investigated. Modelled and measured soil moisture series at different regions of the globe were decomposed into time scales ranging from 0.5 to 128 days, using wavelet transforms. The spatial representativeness of the point measurements was then assessed, on a per time scale basis, with 4 different approaches: temporal stability analysis, triple collocation, the percentage of correlated areas (CArea) and a new approach that uses wavelet- based correlations (WCor). Moreover, one of the components of the mismatch, the sampling uncertainty, has been assessed separately with bootstrap and Monte Carlo simulations of point-support series. It was found that the average of the spatial representativeness values tends to increase with the time scales but so does their dispersion. This implies that some stations had large representativeness areas at seasonal scales, while others do not. At sub-weekly scales, all stations exhibited very small representativeness areas. Finally, the sampling uncertainty has been observed to have a considerable impact on satellite validation statistics
Saturnino, Diana. "Une méthode d’observatoires virtuels pour décrire les variations temporelles du champ géomagnétique et applications aux mesures de la mission Swarm." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=181308db-f221-4fd6-84dc-ccfc2af8e6cd.
Full textLa description des variations temporelles du champ géomagnétique (variation séculaire ou SV) est cruciale pour la compréhension de la dynamo. La SV est connue avec une grande précision dans les observatoires magnétiques, qui ont une répartition spatiale inégale. Les satellites donnent des observations globales du champ et de sa SV. Leurs données sont utilisées par les modèles globaux en harmoniques sphériques. Les petites échelles spatiales de la SV décrites par ces modèles peuvent montrer des erreurs par rapport aux mesures des observatoires. Dans cette étude je tente d'extraire des séries temporelles avec des mesures satellitaires comme dans les observatoires. L'approche des observatoires virtuels (VO) est suivie. Un maillage global de volumes à l'altitude du satellite est défini. Pour cela, la technique des Equivalent Source Dipoles (ESD) est appliquée. Pour chaque VO et intervalle de temps donné, toutes les mesures sont réduites à un endroit unique, menant à des séries temporelles similaires à celles disponibles dans les observatoires à la surface. L’approche est validée avec des donnes synthétiques et puis appliquée aux mesures de la mission Swarm. Les séries temporelles VO-ESD sont comparées à celles à la surface et aux prédictions par un modèle. L'approche décrit correctement les variations temporelles du champ à l'échelle locale. Un maillage global de VO est construit et utilisé pour obtenir des modèles globaux. Les modèles sont capables de décrire l'évolution du champ magnétique à la fois à l'altitude du satellite et à la surface. Toutefois des modélisations plus complexes pourront être faites pour profiter des séries temporelles VO-ESD
Duval, Fabrice. "Gestion du cablage des masses électriques dans un véhicule automobile : application C.E.M." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112291.
Full textThis thesis is dealing with the development of a tool for supporting decision on problems related to ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) in big systems such as motor vehicles. To understand which parameters had to be taken into account in order to get consistent results from the measurements implemented on vehicle was the highest difficulty. We have been focussed on characterising the bundles in vehicles. We have been as well tackling the study of the behaviour of the ground plane linked to very strong electrical direct currents. In order to address these aspects we have been using the PEEC method (PEEC for Partial Element Equivalent Circuit) because of its easy implementation as well as of the possibility of using it for a wide range of frequencies. The report is composed of three chapters. The first one presents the bases of electromagnetism applied to big systems’ EMC. A particular attention is turned to ground planes which are used as return conductor as well as voltage reference. In the second chapter, we present the PEEC method and the methodology which was set up for developing the software in order to obtain the best performances possible. This software has been validated on a set of test cases. The tool’s application to an industrial case is dealt with in the last chapter and enables to understand the phenomena of resonance created by the different elements connected by a bundle. The modelling of the components allows completing the model thus generated
Zongo, Sylvie Brizard. "Fluctuations multi-échelles et extrêmes dans les séries temporelles biogéochimiques à moyen et long terme en milieu marin côtier." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10135/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of biogeochemical time series in order to characterize the dynamics of their fluctuations on a wide range of scales, and in particular their extremes. The databases analyzed here are mainly provided by the MAREL and SOMLIT programmes. The MAREL program is a network of automatic measuring devices monitoring coastal marine environments implemented by Ifremer. The SOMLIT is a French national program operated by INSU. The measurements are made once every two weeks on the fixed stations. In order to analyze these time series, methods have been borrowed from the fields of numerical analysis and turbulence. The study was conducted in three parts. In the first part, we consider the high frequency time series. The Fourier spectral analysis reveals the influence of physical forcing on the distribution of the parameters. The second part of the study compares SOMLIT and MAREL results recorded from sites near Boulogne-sur-mer. The comparison of the two measuring systems (manual and automatic) showed that while they are complementary, the automatic MAREL system is more informative. The probability density functions (pdfs) of some ratios reveal extreme values in their dynamics. These pdfs reveal in all cases a hyperbolic behavior in the tail probability of the ratios. In the third part, we consider the influence of extremes events of the Seine flow on the distribution of some biogeochemical parameters. This section is also concerned with the analysis of data at high frequency in order to estimate of water masses state in the English Channel within the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD)
Ayari, Lotfi. "Contribution au développement d’un banc de mesures temporelles 4-canaux pour la caractérisation avancée de composants et de sous-systèmes RF non linéaires." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0117/document.
Full textThe future communications for civil and military applications will use complex wideband modulated signals to be transmitted through multi-channel DOHERTY power amplifiers which should have high performance in terms of power, efficiency, OBO, and bandwidth. In order to meet these stringent requirements, designers need time-domain characterization tools for calibrated measurements and for optimizing voltages and currents at both ports of non-linear connectorized or on-wafer devices. This work successfully implements time-domain characterization tools used to meet specific needs for transistor modeling, to optimize their operation in terms of pulse to pulse stability, and to search optimal conditions of their operation modes in a Doherty power amplifier. For this implementation, mathematical modeling is performed to evaluate sampler’s performances in terms of time-domain sampling efficiency in order to choose the best suited sampling architecture for RF time-domain measurements. Rigorous calibration procedures have been developed to obtain simultaneously full time-domain calibrated waveforms (from low Frequencies to Microwave frequencies)
Guillet, Julien. "Caractérisation et modélisation spatio-temporelles du canal de propagation radioélectrique dans le contexte MIMO." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008011.
Full textMESTIVIER, DENIS. "Analyse nonlineaire de longues series temporelles en biologie. Application aux mesures de pression arterielle et de frequence cardiaque dans la dysautonomie diabetique et dans l'hypertension arterielle." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077344.
Full textFerret, Yann. "MORPHODYNAMIQUE DE DUNES SOUS-MARINES EN CONTEXTE DE PLATE-FORME MEGATIDALE (MANCHE ORIENTALE). Approche multi-échelles spatio - temporelles." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687085.
Full textHamrouni-Chtourou, Sameh. "Approches variationnelles statistiques spatio-temporelles pour l'analyse quantitative de la perfusion myocardique en IRM." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814577.
Full textClaireau, Fabien. "Evaluation des impacts de la fragmentation du paysage par une autoroute sur les chauves-souris à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0018/document.
Full textBiodiversity is being lost at an increased rate as a result of human activities. One of the major threats to biodiversity is infrastructural development. Although the measures taken in environmental impact assessments can limit this loss, the mitigation hierarchy to "Avoid, Reduce and Offset" impacts on biodiversity is not fully functional. Indeed, the mitigation hierarchy often uses qualitative data and does not account for the biological and/or ecological processes and their different spatial and temporal scales. The impact of roads is well documented for several biological groups but not for bats whereas they are likely to be very strongly affected. Moreover, as they are strictly protected, they should be considered in the mitigation hierarchy. Therefore, through the study of bats, I investigated the effects of roads, especially major roads, and intended to measure and quantify the magnitude of their impacts. This thesis presents different methods developed to reach this objective and which may be used by stakeholders in the field. First, I intended to determine how to process data collected through passive acoustic monitoring and how to exploit these data. Then I determined what the impacts of roads on bat populations are and I proposed a method in order to assess the mitigation measures which presume to restore bat habitat connectivity. Our main results show a significant negative effect of roads on bats foraging and commuting behaviour for several species and up to at least five kilometres away from a major road. In addition, the effect of major roads also seems to have consequences on populations’ genetics. Finally, we studied bat overpasses which are structures specifically dedicated to bats and aiming at reducing the impacts of roads by improving bats’ habitat connectivity. These structures seem to be appropriate when located in narrow ecological corridors such as hedgerows
Ahmed, Sajjad. "Système de mesures temporelles 4-canaux à échantillonnage entrelacé ultra haute fréquence basé sur des amplificateurs « Track & Hold » pour la caractérisation impulsionnelle d’amplificateurs de puissance non linéaires." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/de58888d-e1d7-46b1-88e9-0612c10e1eaa/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4022.pdf.
Full textLes communications de forte puissance, telles que celles des applications radar, sont fondées surdes modulations impulsionnelles de signaux RF. La mesure précise de ces signaux RF impulsionels est très complexe parce que leur bande passante est infinie. Pour obtenir les informations instantanées de phase et d’amplitude, il est nécessaire de les mesurer dans le domaine temporel. Ces mesures temporelles ont aussi des limitations en termes de bande passante et de résolution. Ce travail propose une nouvelle technique de mesure temporelle fondée sur l’utilisation d’amplificateurs « Track and Hold » qui permettent de simplifier les circuits analogiques des instruments. Un système de mesure 4 canaux entièrement calibré a été créé pour caractériser des amplificateurs de puissance non linaires excités par des signaux continus ou pulsés. L’outil de caractérisation permet l’extraction des enveloppes des signaux ainsi que la visualisation de leurs transitoires. Les résultats de mesure ont été analysés et validés par comparaison avec des instruments mesures commerciaux. Le système de mesure réalisé à base de THA est associé à une procédure de traitement temporel cohérent des données entrelacées. Des fréquences d’échantillonnage 100 fois supérieures a la fréquence porteuse pour les signaux continus et 10 fois supérieures pour les signaux impulsionnels ont été obtenus et utilisés pour extraire les variations des réponses transitoires pour différentes conditions de charges
Demenitroux, Wilfried. "Caractérisation avancée et nouvelles méthodologies de modélisation des technologies GaN pour la conception d’amplificateurs de puissance large bande et haut rendement aux fréquences RF et microondes." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/bd67ae36-c41e-48b1-a795-cee1579821d7/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4040.pdf.
Full textHighly efficient, high linearity and wideband are the keyword of the new power amplifier in telecom nowadays. Thus, more and more power amplifiers are developed using packaged transistor, adding a difficulty to extract reliable CAD models for designing these amplifiers. The topic of this thesis is to propose a new methodology for modeling packaged transistor, fast, accurate automatic and dedicated to the design of wideband and highly efficient power amplifiers. A new behavioral model of packaged transistor is proposed, using an innovative method of extraction. In order to validate the new design flow approach, the study results in a GaN wideband and highly efficient power amplifier presenting a mean PAE of 65%, a mean output power of 41 dBm and a mean power gain of de 13 dB over 36% of relative bandwidth around 2. 2 GHz
Floch, Alain. "Etude de la turbulence instationnaire dans une chambre de combustion à volume constant. Interaction avec la propagation d'une flamme allumée par étincelle." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES025.
Full textBerne, Alexis. "Précipitations méditerranéennes intenses en milieu urbain : interprétation physique et analyse statistique de mesures à fines échelles spatio-temporelles, impact de la variabilité spatiale sur la réponse de bassins versants." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10200.
Full textHeimlich, Christine. "Méthodes géodésiques appliquées à la géothermie et mesures de déformations locales dans le Fossé rhénan supérieur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH011/document.
Full textThe Upper Rhine Graben benefits of natural circulation of geothermal fluid, which makes it suitable for geothermal exploitation. How and where do geothermal fluids circulate? What are their links with induced seismicity and tectonics? Could geodesy provide new insigth to these questions ? The objective of this thesis is the realization of a geodetic monitoring at Soultz and Rittershoffen (Alsace, France) geothermal sites. The results are an inventory of nearby sites surface displacements during the implementation of the geothermal sites. They bring new knowledge locally on the Upper Rhine Graben. The main results are the analysis of deformations observed in Landau (Palatinat, Germany). This approach also reflects the complementarities of geodetic methods (InSAR, GNSS, levelling)
Haumesser, Lionel. "Diffusion acoustique par des coques cylindriques limitées immergées. On des hélicoïdales: analyse des réponses temporelles et identification complète des résonances." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010047.
Full textCroteau, Martin. "Étude sur les variations spatio-temporelles des températures internes et des émissions thermiques de troncs d'ormes d'Amérique (Ulmus americana) et d'épinettes noires ( Picea mariana) par thermographie infrarouge et mesures par thermocouples." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
Find full textCroteau, Martin. "Étude sur les variations spatio-temporelles des températures internes et des émissions thermiques de troncs d'ormes d'Amérique (Ulmus americana) et d'épinettes noires (Picea mariana) par thermographie infrarouge et mesures par thermocouples." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2445.
Full textNICOLAS, Joëlle. "La Station Laser Ultra Mobile - De l'obtention d'une exactitude centimétrique des mesures à des applications en océanographie et géodésie spatiales." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007083.
Full textOutre cet aspect instrumental et métrologique, une analyse a été développée afin de pouvoir estimer l'exactitude et la stabilité des observations de la station mobile après intégration des modifications. A partir d'une expérience de co-localisation entre les deux stations laser fixe du plateau de Calern, on a fait une analyse fondée sur l'ajustement, par station, de coordonnées et d'un biais instrumental moyen à partir d'une orbite de référence des satellites LAGEOS. Des variations saisonnières très cohérentes ont été mises en évidence dans les séries temporelles des différentes composantes. La comparaison locale des déformations de la croûte terrestre se traduisant par des variations d'altitude issues des données laser montre une cohérence avec les mesures d'un gravimètre absolu transportable (FG5). Des signaux de même amplitude ont été observés par GPS. Ces variations sont également mises en évidence à l'échelle mondiale et leur interprétation géophysique est due à la combinaison des effets de marées terrestres et polaire et des effets de charge atmosphérique.
De, Linage Caroline. "Mesures gravimétriques au sol et satellitaires: étude du rapport entre variation de pesanteur et déplacement vertical et apport de la mission spatiale GRACE à l'étude des surcharges hydrologiques et des très grands séismes." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349160.
Full textSchettini, Frédéric. "Fusion de données pour la surveillance du trafic et l'information des usagers." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0016.
Full textHadziioannou, Celine. "Ondes sismiques en milieu complexe : mesure des variations temporelles des vitesses." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564110.
Full textHadziioannou, Céline. "Ondes sismiques en milieu complexe : mesure des variations temporelles des vitesses." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU001/document.
Full textThe thesis concentrates on monitoring seismic speeds, especially in active fault zones. By correlating signals generated by background noise, one can estimate the Green's function of a medium. When continuously following these functions, wave speed changes in the medium can be detected. Monitoring methods are applied to data from an active fault zone in Parkfield, California, where two wave speed drops, which coincide with regional seismic events, are detected. The largest corresponds to an event close to the stations. Both speed drops are followed by a gradual postseismic relaxation. In order to understand the reliability of the measurements, we perform laboratory experiments. One interesting result of these experiments shows that an exact reconstruction of the Green's function is not necessary for monitoring, which opens up many possibilities of applications to seismology. Armed with this knowledge, the Parkfield data is analysed again. By improving the temporal resolution to 1 day, we show that the observed speed drop is coseismic with the Parkfield event. We establish that the speed fluctuations are not simply correlated to variations in noise source distribution obtained by beamforming. Finally, the developed methods are applied to an event in Japan. Since the array is spatially much larger than the one used at Parkfield, this data is analyzed to study the dependence between station-event distance and the measured seismic speed drop. STAR
Castelli, Eric. "Caractérisation acoustique des voyelles nasales du français : mesures, modélisation et simulation temporelle." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0055.
Full textMeunier, Pascal. "Évaluation de performance d'architectures de commande de systèmes automatisés industriels." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761994.
Full textOksenhendler, Thomas. "Mesures et contrôles temporels dans le domaine des lasers ultrabrefs." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001347.
Full textLenoir, Jean-Michel. "Temps de cohérence temporelle de structures turbulentes porteuses de scalaires passifs au sein d'une turbulence homogène quasi-isotrope." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819861.
Full textThiébaut, Eric. "La perspective temporelle, l'objet de mesure : vers une élucidation conceptuelle." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21002.
Full textTime perspective or horizon temporal, called in this way since the Fraisse publication in 1957, is already an old purpose of study. Confusion has not however ceased to prevail around this concept. Because of their strong conceptual and methodological disparities, researches are not easily comparable. During its history, the concept has always been subjected to the same difficulty. The concept misses accurate and operational definition. So, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to its elucidation and it is mainly by the study of the concept measurement that this elucidation has been found out. Considering the whole concept history, the search of time perspective components is nevertheless worked out. Thus, we searched components which allow us to summarize the network of correlates, explanatory systems, and more particularly the content variables between the items from various instruments used for the measurement concept. The approach, aiming at the conceptual elucidation, is by the way based on the study of content validity which requires a "definitory" theory. According to a confirmatory approach, we test the balance between the theoretical and the empirical systems
Hivert, Fanny. "Tomographie temporelle de la densité par la mesure des muons." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4039/document.
Full textThe muons, charged particles of cosmic origin, have the particularity of being very penetrative. The attenuation of muon flux in matter highlights the quantity of matter (depth x density) passed through. Based on this principle, the muography is a technique allowing the study of the in-situ density of large targets as geological structures. The Temporal Tomography of rock Density using Muon Measurements (T2DM2) aims at characterizing the spatial and temporal density variations with a first application in the unsaturated aquifer of Fontaine-de-Vaucluse located above the LSBB. This thesis work is focused on the numerical simulation of muon flux at depth and a first campaign of measurements during 16 consecutive months at various depths in LSBB galleries. The performed simulations are in agreement with the expected density variations in an hydrogeological context. The influences of the rock atomic composition and of the scattering processes are discussed as well as strategy to reduce the acquisition duration (and/or detection surfaces and/or solid angles). The measurements performed at LSBB allowed to identify areas of lower density such as the X1 point. The acquired data have been corrected thanks to the determination of the barometric coefficient allowing the temporal analysis of muon flux. The comparison of the recorded flux at different depths (~ 60 m, ~ 200 m and ~ 500 m) with the numerical simulations leads to an estimation of the average density of the rocks located above the LSBB of 1.9 ± 0.1 g.cm-3 testifying their important porosity
Pouget, Fabien. ""Système distribué de capteurs pots de miel: discrimination et analyse corrélative des processus d'attaques"." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001751.
Full textLaadoua, Abdelhak. "Les variations spatio-temporelles des précipitations au Maroc septentrional." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10162.
Full textLespérance, Pierre-Luc. "Détection des variations d'attaques à l'aide d'une logique temporelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23481/23481.pdf.
Full textNoël, Christophe. "Méthode temporelle d'identification de sources sonores bruyantes en milieu industriel." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22087.
Full textTon, That Dai Hai. "Gestion efficace et partage sécurisé des traces de mobilité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV003/document.
Full textNowadays, the advances in the development of mobile devices, as well as embedded sensors have permitted an unprecedented number of services to the user. At the same time, most mobile devices generate, store and communicate a large amount of personal information continuously. While managing personal information on the mobile devices is still a big challenge, sharing and accessing these information in a safe and secure way is always an open and hot topic. Personal mobile devices may have various form factors such as mobile phones, smart devices, stick computers, secure tokens or etc. It could be used to record, sense, store data of user's context or environment surrounding him. The most common contextual information is user's location. Personal data generated and stored on these devices is valuable for many applications or services to user, but it is sensitive and needs to be protected in order to ensure the individual privacy. In particular, most mobile applications have access to accurate and real-time location information, raising serious privacy concerns for their users.In this dissertation, we dedicate the two parts to manage the location traces, i.e. the spatio-temporal data on mobile devices. In particular, we offer an extension of spatio-temporal data types and operators for embedded environments. These data types reconcile the features of spatio-temporal data with the embedded requirements by offering an optimal data presentation called Spatio-temporal object (STOB) dedicated for embedded devices. More importantly, in order to optimize the query processing, we also propose an efficient indexing technique for spatio-temporal data called TRIFL designed for flash storage. TRIFL stands for TRajectory Index for Flash memory. It exploits unique properties of trajectory insertion, and optimizes the data structure for the behavior of flash and the buffer cache. These ideas allow TRIFL to archive much better performance in both Flash and magnetic storage compared to its competitors.Additionally, we also investigate the protect user's sensitive information in the remaining part of this thesis by offering a privacy-aware protocol for participatory sensing applications called PAMPAS. PAMPAS relies on secure hardware solutions and proposes a user-centric privacy-aware protocol that fully protects personal data while taking advantage of distributed computing. For this to be done, we also propose a partitioning algorithm an aggregate algorithm in PAMPAS. This combination drastically reduces the overall costs making it possible to run the protocol in near real-time at a large scale of participants, without any personal information leakage
Rangama, Yvan. "variabilite spatio-temporelle des flux air-mer de CO2 dans l'ocean sud : apport des mesures satellitaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007529.
Full textRangama, Yvan. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des flux air-mer de CO2 dans l'océan sud : apport des mesures satellitaires." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066573.
Full textGiannini, Fréderique. "Nouvelle méthode d'extraction des paramètres de bruit basée sur une analyse fréquentielle et temporelle des mesures de puissance de bruit." Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CERG0183.
Full textConception of low noise circuit requires characterizing and modeling of each component. These two conception stages are based on noise measurements. Several methods have been developed to measure noise parameters. Nowadays, components present noise levels reaching the limits of these methods. Moreover, the standard technique, called "multi-impedance " requires expensive adaptative impedance. The method described in this report presents mainly three advantages : First, it doesn't need any adaptative impedance. Then, there is no assumption on the measured two-port. Actually, noise parameters are given for 801 frequencies whereas others hardly give 20 or 30. Its principle is based on the interpretation of the bench flow chart with or without the measured device. From this original approach, bench and device characteristics are extracted from five noise measurements thanks to both temporal and spectral treatments. An optimization and a study of the precision have been realized. The method has been compared to the standard one in order to validate it
El, Akhdar Kassem. "Contribution à la mesure temporelle calibrée ultra-large bande de multipôles non linéaires microondes." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/24dc7708-68cc-4e4d-8133-4c5ea7abb4ff/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4032.pdf.
Full textModern telecommunication systems require the use of wideband and high dynamic range modulated signals. Under these conditions, the power amplifier used in a transmission system is constrained by a difficult optimization of power performances. This optimization can be facilitated by using an time-domain measurement system developed at XLIM and improved in this thesis. A time-domain characterization tool associated to a wideband and ultra-high resolution calibration procedure has been implemented. The capabilities of the fully calibrated tool are demonstrated by the characterization of high power amplifiers. The use of this tool in the optimization of linearity and efficiency of transmitter systems is also described. It has been demonstrated that this tool allows the accurate visualization of time-domain voltage and current waveforms at input and output of the devices under test under wideband signal excitation. For the first time, transitions at the beginning and the end of RF pulsed signals, are finely observed. Applications to the broadband characterization (> 1GHz) as ACPR and NPR are shown. Future applications concern now depth studies of non-linear behaviors of power amplifiers for space applications. Theoretical and experimental studies of polar transmitter architecture allow quantifying the key performances and exposing additional capabilities of the developed wideband time-domain measurement system
Larbi, Noureddine. "Identification modale temporelle multivariée des structures linéaires sous excitation aléatoire non mesurée." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2019.
Full textCarvin, Olivier. "L’impact du mécanisme de paiement des contrats agro-environnementaux sur la participation des agriculteurs." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD011.
Full textIn order to take into account environment problematics into the Common Agricultural Policy, European Union members States have to set up agri-environmental measures (AEM) since 1992 (Council regulation 2078/92). AEM suffer from farmers’ overcompensation for least demanding measures, and also from low farmers’ subscription for most demanding measures. In order to increase the farmers’ participation in most demanding measures, the aim of this thesis is to study the payment mechanism. Particularly, we raise an issue of the farmers’ participation improvement by establishing an agri-environmental measure with a digressive payment. Chapter 1 realizes a literature review of realistic mechanism payment innovations, deconstructing it in four dimensions: the aim (maintaining or changing practices); principle (action-based or result-based measures); flexibility (fixed payments or differentiated payments); and the recipient (individual or collective payments). In chapter 2, we model the farmer’s decision to contract an AEM, taking into account the payment form, costs form, time preferences and risk aversion. We found that a digressive payment can be a solution to improve agri-environmental policy efficiency for measures requiring some investments. In chapter 3, using an economic lab experiment, we test the relation between time preferences of subjects and their decision to subscribe a contract. We observe that discount rate has a significant influence on subjects’ decision to subscribe. Finally, in chapter 4, we realize a choice experiment on farmers to study their interest for a digressive payment. It shows that their interest for a digressive payment is stronger if the measure is more demanding in terms of changes of habits. Furthermore, we observe that there is strong heterogeneity in farmers’ contract characteristics preferences
Parouty, Soazig. "Interprétation des séries temporelles altimétriques sur la calotte polaire Antartique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/900/.
Full textThis work aims at improving our understanding of the altimetric time series acquired over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Dual frequency data (S Band - 3. 2GHz and Ku Band - 13. 6GHz) from thealtimeter onboard the ENVISAT satellite are used, during a five year time period from january2003 until december 2007. These data cover around 80% of the surface of the Antarctic continent,up to 82°S. Having data in two different frequencies is valuable when it comes to better estimatethe altimeter sensitivity regarding snow surface property changes. Over the Antarctic ice sheet, snow surface changes with respect to space and time, beingaffected by meteorological conditions close to the surface, and especially winds. The altimetricwave penetrates more or less deeply beneath the surface, depending on snow surface and subsurfaceproperties. As a result, when the wave comes back to the satellite, the recorded signal, namedwaveform, is more or less distorted. The accuracy of the ice sheet topographic changes computedthanks to satellite altimetric techniques depends on our knowledge of the processes inducing thisdistortion. The purpose of the present work is to better understand the effect of changing windconditions on altimetric data. Winds in Antarctica are indeed famous for their strength and theirimpact on the snow surface state. First, spatial and temporal variability of the altimetric data on the one hand, and of wind speedreanalysis fields (from ERA-Interim, NCEP/NCAR and NCEP/DOE projects) on the other handare studied. We estimate spatial and temporal typical length scales for all datasets. As a result, weare able to smooth the data, so that all datasets have the same spatial and temporal caractericticlength scales. Furthermore, we note that our time series are well described by an annual signal. This annual cycle shows that whereas wind speed would always be maximum in austral winter,altimetric seasonal cycles have very different behaviors depending on the location. .
Germain, Simon. "Conception d'une mesure automatisée de détection des changements alimentaires chez le porc." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7925.
Full textPetrut, Teodor. "Développement d’indicateurs de la dynamique spatio-temporelle sédimentaire d’un cours d’eau mesurés par acoustique passive." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU028/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with theoretical and experimental concepts of passive acoustic monitoring of sediment transport in rivers. Hence, the motivation is the use of hydrophones to sense the sound pressure generated by impacts between the sediments that are transported on the bed river. The technique is very cheap and easy to deploy on the field but it lacks of knowledge on the nature of the river soundscape’s acoustic sources. In order to separate the various types of noise sources composing the soundscape, a spectral analysis is frequently used to detect the bedload noise passband. The bedload spectral information is used in this thesis to estimate the transported, or bedload, grain size distribution. The study is based on the physical evidence of the existence of a dependency between the size of impacting particles and the frequency of the impacts. Therefore, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the bedload grain size distributions in gravel rivers will be assessed by developing acoustic spectra indexes.Firstly, the analytic solutions of hertzian impact between two rigid spheres and between a sphere and a slab are studied. The spectrum’s center and peak frequencies are most sensible on the grain size and then on the impact velocity. The analytic solutions and grain size distributions are used to model bedload acoustic spectra. Such model is sensible on the grain size distribution shape followed by the impact velocities of sediments. Its definition does not include non-linear transmission losses, i.e. attenuation with frequency due to scattering and absorption effects, and also the impact velocity is constant no matter the dimension of particles.Secondly, the bedload acoustic model is used for implementing inversion methods to estimate the grain size distributions. Such a method is defined in a least square algebraically framework, named the Non-Negative Least Square method, and uses analytical solutions of hertzian impacts to inverse the acoustic spectra. Field measurements on two large gravel rivers like Isère River, in Grenoble, France, and Drau River, at Dellach, in Austria, revealed coherent results as validated by physical sampling trials of bedload transport. It was observed a spatial variability in the estimated grain size distribution across the Isère River whereas a temporal variability was observed from the inversion of Drau River’s spectra.The previous bedload spectral model is enhanced by including concepts from the physics of fractional transport rate in gravel rivers, of particle saltation model and acoustic models of propagation. One can model acoustic maps of bedload noise from spatializing the impact rates at the reach scale. Here, the model is tests to localize the bedload noise in the Isère River’s cross-section by matching the measured spectra to the modeled ones. The acoustic maps obtained from this model are successfully predicted as validated by the measured maps in the Isère River in Grenoble
Brunel, Julien. "Combinaison des logiques temporelle et déontique pour la spécification de politiques de sécurité." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/138/.
Full textIn order to formally specify a security policy, it is natural to reason about time on the one hand, and obligations, permissions, and prohibitions on the other hand. Indeed, we have to express for instance the permission to access a resource for a certain period, the obligation to release a resource before a deadline, or the prohibition to execute a task for a too long period. Temporal and deontic logics seem well suited to specify such concepts. In this thesis, we study how to combine these logics. Firstly, we study the product of linear temporal logic and standard deontic logic, and define obligation with deadline in this context. It has to satisfy a property called propagation property: while it is not fulfilled, it is propagated to the next instant. We then propose a more general propagation property, and propose a semantics to validate it. For the until-free fragment of our logic, we define an axiomatics and a tableaux-like decision procedure. Lastly, we investigate the notion of compliance of a system with respect to a policy specified in such a language. The first definition we come up with is a weak version of compliance called compatibility. For a new fragment of our logic, we adapt the Büchi approach of Vardi and Wolper to decide whether a system is compliant with a policy. We then restrict again the language so that we can define a stronger version of compliance. Actually, a careful analysis shows the necessity to refine the notion of compliance into 5 different diagnostic cases which give 'levels of compliance'. We provide an algorithm to establish this diagnostic