Dissertations / Theses: 'Met expectations'

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Bishop, Dwight A. "Met Expectations’ Impact on Student Outcomes in Web Based Courses." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1151825099.

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Ozgur, Ozge. "An Analysis Of Rail Transit Investments In Turkey: Are The Expectations Met?" Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611244/index.pdf.

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Rail transit investments require highest amount of investment costs of all modes and considering the high cost involved, it is particularly important that their performance justifies this high cost and that expectations from these investments are met. Therefore, in the world, it has become an important field of research to study the performances of rail systems in order to assess whether these expectations are met. In Turkey, there is a growing interest in constructing rail transit systems in the cities. However, there has been limited number of studies on the performance of these investments. There are researches on individual systems
yet, there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the rail transit experience of Turkish cities. It is not clear with what expectations these systems are built or whether these expectations are met. There seems to be an urgent need to study these rail investments, with a particular focus on their planning, investment objectives and outcomes. This thesis analyzes the expectations from the rail transit systems in Turkey and answers the question whether these expectations are met. In order to understand the objectives under the planning and decision making processes in the implementation of Turkish rapid rail transport investments, a sample group was selected among the cities currently operating rail transit systems: &
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stanbul, Ankara, &
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zmir and Bursa. The study sets the objectives in planning and implementing rail transit systems drawn by the answers in the semi-structured interviews. It compares the expectations with the actual outcomes. As the primary indicators of performance, cost and ridership forecast and outcome data are also collected and considered in the comparison. It is found that the main success in all case study cities was the increase in public transport usage after the opening of the rail transit systems. On the other hand, systems performed rather poor in terms of other expectations, such as attaining ridership forecasts, being built within budget, creating an integrated public transport system, traffic reduction, air pollution reduction, improvement of city image, etc. Hence there is a gap between expectations and outcomes.

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Georgy, E. E. "Met or matched expectations : what accounts for a successful back pain consultation in primary care." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/18685/.

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Background: Back pain is a common disorder, affecting up to 2 in 3 of the adult population, with the general practitioners (GPs) being the first point of contact for help. Bio-psychosocial management of back pain has been shown to be problematic. Meeting patients‟ expectations is alleged to play a vital role in concordance, adherence and satisfaction with the given treatment; a more potent aspect, however, could be a state of matched patient-GP expectations, which could have an influential effect on the process and outcome of the medical consultation. This aspect, however, has not been fully investigated in the literature and further research is needed to discern the potential importance of this matching on different aspects of the consultation. Methods: The main aim of the study was to investigate the matching of patient-GP expectations related to the back pain consultation in primary care by means of (1) developing a structured questionnaire that can measure this matching; (2) using the tool to measure the matching of patient-GP expectations; and (3) exploring the perceived importance of such matched expectations on different aspects of the consultation. Using a mixed methods sequential nested design, 11 GPs and 57 back pain patients (from 11 general practices in the South of England) completed the Expectations Questionnaire (EQ) that measured the matching of their expectations. Telephone interviews were then used for exploring the perceived importance of this matching. The study tested the hypothesis that the matching of patients‟ and GPs‟ expectations was perceived as an important attribute for a successful back pain consultation in primary care, from the patients‟ and GPs‟ perspectives. Results: The study showed that the EQ can be used as a valid and reliable tool for measuring the matching of patient-GP expectations. The results showed that patients and GPs had mismatched expectations regarding one third of the EQ items. These were mainly related to the psychosocial aspect of the management. The data suggested a trend within the back pain consultations, where patients were less likely to express their expectations and the GPs were less likely to enquire about any unmet expectations at the end of the visit, which could render many expectations unaddressed and unmet. Thematic data analysis revealed several emerging themes with regard to the importance of matched expectations, namely, enhanced communication, trust, empathy, satisfaction and adherence, and have identified different or lack of agendas, time, caseload, cultural and language variations and continuity of care as possible barriers to this matching. Conclusion: The study revealed several convergences, but also identified a significant mismatch between patients‟ and GPs‟ expectations. Matched expectations were perceived as a significant indicator of the quality of the back pain consultation. Considering the many challenges and difficulties in managing back pain in general practice, a state of matched patient-GP expectations has the potential for improving the overall consultation experience, in terms of both the process and the outcome.

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Rylander, David H. "The influence of sales force newcomers' met expectations on selected outcome variables: Development and testing of a model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2872/.

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Sales management researchers and practitioners give considerable attention to early employment expectations, attitudes, and behaviors primarily because of a desire to specify the cognition process leading to performance and retention of salespeople. While a massive body of literature exists concerning turnover of employees and determinants of employee performance, more empirical study specific to the sales force as a research population is needed to assess the nature of turnover and performance. Because the bulk of salesperson turnover occurs in early employment, particular attention needs to be devoted to the cognitive process of newcomers to the sales force. The present work examines expectation-based and perception-oriented models of performance and retention for sales force new hires. Interests of this investigation focus on the initial expectations of newly hired sales representatives and on how the degree of fulfillment of these expectations relates to subsequent performance and retention behavior. Extant research suggests that the degree to which expectations are met positively influences mediating variables such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and indirectly influences outcomes such as job performance and retention of newcomers. Alternatively, some researchers contend that these results are due to improper measurement of met expectations. A longitudinal research design and alternative measurement methods are employed here to better assess the role of met/unmet expectations. The proposed study is based on theoretical research from a variety of academic disciplines, and the results of the study will have multi-disciplinary implications. Contributions include: (a) replication and extension of theoretical research concerning processes leading to performance and retention of sales force newcomers, (b) a thorough examination of met expectations as a precursor to early sales force outcomes, and (c) methodological advances in the measurement of met expectations.

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Sutton, Gigi. "An integrated model of job satisfaction : expectations, experiences and psychological contract violation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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Mathias, Alexandre da Cunha. "Meta inflação: uma nova abordagem para a política monetária." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5426.

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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-04-06T00:00:00Z
This study presents a new approach for conducting monetary policy: inflation targeting. The survey begins with a historical review of the recent literature on monetary economics from the Phillips Curve and an analysis of the classical options for monetary policy to a careful description of the new framework. The practice experiences of Germany, New Zealand, Canada and England are analyzed. The impacts of the new regime on the inflation inertia process in examined with time series techniques. The study finds that inflation targeting increases monetary discipline and makes monetary policy more coherent and transparent.
Este estudo introduz uma nova abordagem estratégica para a política monetária: o regime de meta de inflação. O trabalho começa com uma revisão da literatura sobre política monetária desde a Curva de Phillips, a seguir os regimes clássicos de política monetária são analisados e se introduz a estrutura conceitual do regime de meta de inflação. As experiências práticas de quatro países (Alemanha, Nova Zelândia, Canadá e Inglaterra) são detalhadamente examinadas. A análise de séries temporais é empregada para comparar o padrão de autoregressividade da inflação sob o novo regime com o período precedente. O estudo aponta o regime de meta de inflação como uma estratégia mais eficiente no longo prazo porque responde melhor aos desafios da teoria e da prática.

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Hsieh, Mei-hsia. "Evaluating the effect of a patient education brochure on patients’ expectations and satisfaction with emergency department service." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37640/1/Mei-hsia_Hsieh_Thesis.pdf.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the capacity of a written intervention, in this case a patient information brochure, to improve patient satisfaction during an Emergency Department (ED) visit. For the purpose of measuring the effect of the intervention the ED journey was conceptualised as a series of distinct areas of service comprising waiting time, service by the triage nurse, care from doctors and nurses and information giving Background of study: Research into patient satisfaction has become a widespread activity endorsed by both governments and hospital administrations. The literature on ED patient satisfaction has consistently indicated three primary areas of patient dissatisfaction: waiting time, nursing care and communication. Recent developments in the literature on patient satisfaction studies however have highlighted the relationship between patients. expectations of a service encounter and their consequent assessment of the experience as dissatisfying or satisfying. Disconfirmation theory posits that the degree to which expectations are confirmed will affect subsequent levels of satisfaction. The conceptual framework utilised in this study is Coye.s (2004) model of disconfirmation. Coye while reiterating satisfaction is a consequence of the degree expectations are either confirmed or disconfirmed also posits that expectations can be modified by interventions. Coye.s work conceptualises these interventions as intra encounter experiences (cues) which function to adjust expectations. Coye suggests some cues are unintended and may have a negative impact which also reinforces the value of planned cues intended to meet or exceed consumer expectations. Consequently the brochure can be characterized as a potentially positive cue, encouraging the patient to understand processes and to orient them in what can be a confronting environment. Only a limited number of studies have examined the effect of written interventions within an ED. No studies could be located which have tested the effect of ED interventions using a conceptual framework which relates the effect of the degree to which expectations are confirmed or disconfirmed in terms of satisfaction with services. Method: Two studies were conducted. Study One used qualitative methods to explore patients. expectations of the ED from the perspective of both patients and health care professionals. Study One was used in part to direct the development of the intervention (brochure) in Study Two. The brochure was an intervention designed to modify patients. expectations thus increasing their satisfaction with the provision of ED service. As there was no existing tools to measure ED patients. expectations and satisfaction a new tool was also developed based on the findings and the literature of Study One. Study Two used a non-randomised, quasi-experimental approach using a non-equivalent post-test only comparison group design used to investigate the effect of the patient education brochure (Stommel and Wills, 2004). The brochure was disseminated to one of two study groups (the intervention group). The effect of the brochure was assessed by comparing the data obtained from both the intervention and control group. These two groups consisted of 150 participants each. It was expected that any differences in the relevant domains selected for examination would indicate the effect of the brochure both on expectation and potentially satisfaction. Results: Study One revealed several areas of common ground between patients and nurses in terms of relevant content for the written intervention, including the need for information on the triage system and waiting times. Areas of difference were also found with patients emphasizing communication issues, whereas focus group members expressed concern that patients were often unable to assimilate verbal information. The findings suggested the potential utility of written material to reinforce verbal communication particularly in terms of the triage process and other ED protocols. This material was synthesized within the final version of the written intervention. Overall the results of Study Two indicated no significant differences between the two groups. The intervention group did indicate a significant number of participants who viewed the brochure of having changed their expectations. The effect of the brochure may have been obscured by a lack of parity between the two groups as the control group presented with statistically significantly higher levels of acuity and experienced significantly shorter waiting times. In terms of disconfirmation theory this would suggest expectations that had been met or exceeded. The results confirmed the correlation of expectations with satisfaction. Several domains also indicated age as a significant predictor with older patients tending to score higher satisfaction results. Other significant predictors of satisfaction established were waiting time and care from nurses, reinforcing the combination of efficient service and positive interpersonal experiences as being valued by patients. Conclusions: Information presented in written form appears to benefit a significant number of ED users in terms of orientation and explaining systems and procedures. The degree to which these effects may interact with other dimensions of satisfaction however is likely to be limited. Waiting time and interpersonal behaviours from staff also provide influential cues in determining satisfaction. Written material is likely to be one element in a series of coordinated strategies to improve patient satisfaction during periods of peak demand.

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Göransson, Erik. "Akademin : En kvalitativ studie med RIG-elever verksamma vid Leksands gymnasium med inriktning baseboll/softboll." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21523.

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The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to present why boys and girls choose to enroll at the Swedish Baseball and Softball Academy, a form of sport profiled education given within the Swedish high school system. A secondary purpose is to present the types of expectations the adolescents have before enrollment, while also examining what they encounter as satisfaction factors during their time at the academy. The results show that the significant factors critical for the eventual enrollment are friends, passion and development within baseball or softball. Before the enrollment, students have expectations of good, quality and hard practices. The students state that factors such as friends and the community where the academy is located is important for their wellbeing and comfort. The results and discussion of this thesis aim to highlight information that the academy could use for possible development of the organization.

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Alinvi, Fatima. "Customers' Expectations of Banks Becoming Cashless : - How could banks meet customers' expectations when changing from cash services to deeper customer relationship?" Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23153.

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The organizational change of banks into cashless banking is becoming quite common. Technological development, competition and changing attitudes of customers towards cash services offered force banks to shift their activity towards advice based approach. However, when changing to cashless activity banks undertake a change which directly impacts on their customers. Hence, in this research I try to answer the following question:

How could banks meet customers’ expectations when changing from cash services to deeper customer relationship?

The main purpose of this study is to contribute for better understanding of beneficiary customers’ expectations of banks going over to cashless activity. In order to fulfill the main purpose two studies are conducted. The first study is of preparatory nature based on the qualitative research through the semi-structured interviews. Based on the findings of the semi-structured interviews the theoretical framework, subdivided into bank and customer related theories, has been revised and hypotheses have been created for further study. The second study was conducted through the quantitative survey where 500 questionnaires have been sent to randomly chosen participants.

The survey findings have been analyzed statistically in order to test the hypotheses. Furthermore, analyses and suggestions for the bank (assigner of this case study) have been made in light of the theories related to both customer and bank.

The results have shown that customers react positively to some organizational changes such as limitation of cash services and their complete removal to another office. Furthermore, it has been shown that customers do not possess good knowledge about the changes even the one that was already implemented. Moreover, the results have shown that customers require information at least one month before the change is implemented. A large part of the customers would like to receive the information via letter sent per post. Regarding the limitation of cash services customers of all ages have expressed their worries and suggested to extend open hours until 6 p.m. at least during one day. With regard to the complete transformation of the bank into cashless activity, customers reacted mainly negative. However, it has been shown that only over 7% would be affected by this change to the extent where they would consider changing the bank.

Keywords: “cashless bank/ing”, “changing from cash services to deeper customer relationship”, “meet customers’ expectations of banks becoming cashless”, “organizational change”, “beneficiary customers”.

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Dippong, Joseph C. "A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Scope Condition-Based Participant Exclusion on the Relationship Between Status and Influence in Expectation States Research." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1247152466.

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Cohen, Jessica A. "Race/Ethnicity and Nativity Status: Marital Expectations Among Cohabiting Men and Women." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1187373378.

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Zhibing, Mu. "Evaluating the extent to which Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) libraries meet student expectations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/648.

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The failure to evaluate the service quality by comparing service expectations and service perceptions of students requires that the management of NMMU libraries identify the service expectations and service perceptions of students and measure the gaps between these service expectations and service perceptions of students. A literature review was conducted to explore the service expectations and service perceptions of students. An effective method (using the LibQUAL model) to evaluate the service quality of NMMU libraries based on the service expectations of students was described. Thereafter, a LibQUAL survey was used to collect the required empirical data from a convenience sample of 2 047 students enrolled at NMMU. The empirical findings showed that gaps existed between the service expectations and service perceptions of students at different campuses of NMMU. At different campuses of NMMU, the service expectations of students were not met in term of the service perceptions of the four dimensions (affect of service, library as place, information access and personal control) of the LibQUAL model. ii The study identified the gaps between the service expectations and service perceptions of students at different NMMU campuses and conclusions and recommendations based on these gaps were formulated. The management of the NMMU libraries needs to choose appropriate strategies to improve the quality of NMMU library services based on the service expectations of students.

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Johansson, Sandra. "Spineless Men and Irrepressible Women? : Gender Norm Destabilizing Performances in The Scarlet Letter and My Ántonia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104363.

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Both The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and My Ántonia by Willa Cather depict characters that perform non-traditional gender roles. In these novels, there are expectations about how women and men should act. The purpose of this comparative study is to look at how the female and male protagonists’ actions correspond to, or differ from, these expectations and if they do so in similar ways. The analytical approach is based on Judith Butler’s theory of gender performance. This study also examines in what ways the characters’ actions conflict with, or conform to, social norms of the time by investigating the social expectations for women in the Puritan society and in the late nineteenth century. Even though the settings are separated by two hundred years, this study shows that the protagonists challenge traditional gender role norms in similar ways and that both female protagonists show a feminist desire to exist outside the binary understanding of gender.

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Ljungholm, Linda. "Patientens behov och förväntningar i mötet med distriktssköterskan i hemsjukvården." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, HV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19776.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Första gången två personer möts är de främlingar för varandra. Möten innebär samspel mellan de människor som berörs. Mötet styrs av erfarenheter, förväntningar och tolkningar av situationen. Genom att bekräfta, acceptera och vara tillmötesgående närmar sig parterna varandra vilket kan leda till öppenhet och bättre kontakt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienternas behov och förväntningar i mötet med distriktssköterskan i hemsjukvården. Metod: Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ ansats. Åtta patienter med hemsjukvård intervjuades enskilt i sina hem. Narrativ intervju användes. Materialet analyserades sedan utifrån Lundman och Graneheims kvalitativa innehållsanalys. Resultat: Två teman framkom, Att få känna sig som en värdefull människa på sina egna villkor samt Att få medicinsk vård av en kompetent distriktssköterska. Patienternas behov och förväntningarna i mötet med distriktssköterskan i hemsjukvården är att få hjälp med att behålla sin identitet och sin värdighet som människa. Patienterna vill att distriktssköterskan ska se patienten som en person med känslor och tankar och ta dessa på allvar. Patienterna behöver känna sig sedda och bekräftade, få känna sig som någon inte bara en i mängden. När patienten känner sig sedd och bekräftad skapas förtroende och trygghet. Patienterna har behov av att distriktssköterskan har förmågan att känna till sin egen kompetens och brister. Detta leder till ett förtroende och respekt för distriktssköterskan. Slutsats: Slutsatsen är att man inte kan möta människor efter en speciell mall. Varje möte måste ske individuellt med fokus på den enskilda individens behov och förväntningar. Behovet att få känna sig som en värdefull människa på sina egna villkor är viktigare än att få medicinska insatser gjorda.
Abstract Background: The first time two people meet, they are strangers to each other. Encounters involve interaction between the people involved. The encounter is determined by the experiences, expectations and interpretations of the situation. By confirming, accepting and being courteous to each other there can be transparency and better contacts. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients' needs and expectations of the encounter with the district nurse in home care. Method: The study was conducted by using a qualitative approach. Eight patients with home health care were interviewed individually in their homes. Narrative interviews were used for the encounters. The material was then analyzed by applying Lundman and Granheim method for qualitative content analysis. Result: Two themes emerged. The patients feeling of being treated like a valuable human being on their own terms and To get medical care of a qualified district nurse. The patients' needs and expectations of the encounters with a district nurse in home health care are to help them preserve their identity and their dignity as human beings. Patients want the district nurse to recognize the patient as a person with feelings and thoughts and to be taken seriously. Patients need to feel seen and acknowledged, to feel that they are not just one of many. When the patient feels seen and confirmed there is confidence and security. Conclusion: The conclusion is that one cannot meet people using one specific template. Each encounter must be unique with focus on the individual's needs and expectations. The need to feel like a valuable human being, met on their own terms is perceived as being more important than having their medical needs attended.

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Dyrvik, Kristian, and Martin Bolinder. "En bra lyssnare är aldrig fel : Förväntningar kring mötet med en coach." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28497.

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The aim with this essay is to examine the individual's expectations in the meeting with a job coach. It has become all more common with job coaches, in order to meet the unemployment in the society. The survey builds on a quantitative method, where 29 individuals who are linked to a changeover-program towards new jobs, have replied to a questionnaire. The survey shows that the participants have expectations on the coach as a supporting function. There is also a trust to that the contact with a coach will lead to new employment. In conclusion, there is among some of the participants a view about that there is someone else than themselves that has a responsibility in order to reach employment.

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Baurne, Jakob, and Mickael Karaca. "Förväntningsgapet : Revisorns kommunikation med små och medelstora företag." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18939.

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Syfte: Uppsatsen ämnar undersöka om det finns en skillnad på hur kommunikationen fungerar mellan revisorer och små respektive medelstora företag. Uppsatsen ska även undersöka om kommunikationen i sin tur påverkar förväntningsgapet hos företagen. Metod: Uppsatsen är av den deduktiva ansatsen och är utformad efter kvalitativ metod. Primärdata togs fram genom intervjuer. Slutsats: Undersökningen pekar på att det finns skillnader i kommunikationen mellan revisor och företag baserat på företagets storlek. Däremot visade det sig inte vara några större skillnader i informationsinnehållet baserat på företagets storlek. Förväntningsgapet ser annorlunda ut mellan små och medelstora företag i denna undersökning. Förslag till fortsatta studier: Genomföra en liknande undersökning fast avgränsa inriktningen till förväntningsgapet mellan revisorsassistenter och företag.

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Gustafsson, Agneta. "Personer med idiopatisk normaltryckshydrocefalus:deras förväntningar på behandling med shunt och syn på egen roll i rehabiliteringsprocessen-en intervjustudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267303.

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Bakgrund: Det har i vissa fall varit märkbart att patienter med idiopatisk normaltrycks hydrocefalus (iNPH) upplever att förväntat shuntbehandlingsresultat inte uppnåtts och de rapporterar försämring vid den postoperativa uppföljningen trots att standardiserade tester inte visar i den riktningen. Det har också visat sig att rehabiliteringsinsatserna varierat för patienterna allt från strukturerade rehabiliteringsperioder på exempelvis geriatrisk rehabiliteringsenhet till i princip ingen rehabilitering alls. Syfte: Att beskriva vilka förväntningar personer med iNPH har på behandling med shunt och hur de ser på sin egen roll i rehabiliteringsprocessen. Metod: Kvalitativ, deskriptiv design med manifest och induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju patienter med iNPH preoperativt. Resultat: Det fanns en samstämmighet bland informanterna kring förväntningar på shuntbehandlingsresultatet. De rörde den symtomtriad (gång och balansstörning, överaktiv urinblåsa samt kognitiv nedsättning) som ofta finns vid iNPH. Varierade beskrivningar gavs på hur symtomen påverkade informanterna. Det fanns också en uppfattning bland informanterna att de hade ett eget ansvar i rehabiliteringsprocessen och förslag framkom på vad de själva kunde bidra med i processen men också olika hinder för att utöva fysisk aktivitet beskrevs. Slutsats: Förväntningar på shuntbehandlingsresultat behöver diskuteras med patienten (ibland även anhörig) inför shuntbehandling redan vid beslut om operation men också då patienten läggs in för behandlingen. Rehabiliteringsprocessen behöver också diskuteras med patienten såväl före shuntoperation som tidigt postoperativt. Detta är troligtvis mycket viktigt för att uppnå ett så optimalt behandlingsresultat som möjligt.
Background: It has been noticeable that some patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) find the expected result of shunt treatment not achieved and they report detoriation at postoperative follow-up even though standardized tests do not show results in that direction. It has also been shown that rehabilitation possibilities for patients varied, ranging from structured rehabilitation periods, e.g. at geriatric rehabilitation units to basically no rehabilitation at all. Objective: To describe what expectations patients with iNPH have on treatment with shunt and how they view their own role in the rehabilitation process. Method: A quality, descriptive design with manifest and inductive approach. The data collection was done by semi-structured interviews with seven patients with iNPH preoperative. Results: There was consensus among informants regarding the expectations on the result of shunt treatment. The expectations concerned the symptom triad (gait-and balance disturbance, urgency bladder and cognitive dysfunction) which often occurs in iNPH. Varied descriptions were given on how the symptoms had affected the informants. There was also an opinion among the informants that they had own responsibility for the rehabilitation process and suggestions were given on what they could contribute with in the process but also different obstacles for performing physical activities were described. Conclusion: Expectations on shunt treatment results need to be discussed with the patient (sometimes together with a relative) prior to shunt treatment, already when the patient is offered a shunt operation and also on the day before operation when the patient is in the neurosurgery clinic. The rehabilitation process also needs to be discussed with the patient before the shuntoperation as well as early postoperative. This is probably very important in order to achieve as optimal treatment results as possible.

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Weber, William J. Jr. "Effects of requiring students to meet high expectation levels within an on-line homework environment." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4100.

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Andersson, Josefine, and Josefine Sjödén. "”Men are welcomed because they are men” : Förväntningar på manliga förskollärare utifrån deras eget perspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69324.

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Syftet med studien är att utifrån ett jämställdhetsperspektiv synliggöra två manliga förskollärares uppfattningar om könets betydelse för förskollärarprofessionen. Följande frågeställningar besvaras: Hur beskrivs de föreställningar som finns om dem, från samhällets sida? Hur beskrivs de förväntningar som finns på dem i förskolans verksamhet, från vårdnadshavare och kollegor? Hur beskrivs de förväntningar som finns på dem i förskolans verksamhet, från barnens sida? Studien är kvalitativ och två verksamma manliga förskollärare från två olika förskolor intervjuas. Utifrån tidigare forskning skapas tre tabeller, som sedan blir utgångspunkt för analysen. I studiens resultat framkommer det att respondenterna upplever att det ställs andra förväntningar på dem än vad det ställs på kvinnliga förskollärare. Förväntningarna kommer från samhället, vårdnadshavare, kollegor och barnen. Bland annat upplever de föreställningar angående misstankar om att de inte anses passande för sitt yrke och att de kan förknippas med pedofili. I förskolans verksamhet förväntas männen bidra med någonting extra och skapa en annan dynamik i arbetslaget. Vad gäller barnen förväntas de manliga förskollärarna busa och leka “manliga” lekar. De ska även nå ut till pojkar och framstå som en fadersgestalt och en förebild för de barn som lever helt, eller till stor del, utan en far. Båda respondenterna anser att det är av vikt att försöka få in fler män i förskolans verksamhet.

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Ledger, Dan. "Technically superior but unloved : a multi-faceted perspective on multi-core's failure to meet expectations in embedded systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67632.

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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-106).
A growing number of embedded multi-core processors from several vendors now offer several technical advantages over single-core architectures. However, despite these advantages, adoption of multi-core processors in embedded systems has fallen short of expectations and not increased significantly in the last 3-4 years. There are several technical challenges associated with multi-core adoption that have been well studied and are commonly used to explain slow adoption. This thesis first examines these technical challenges of multi-core adoption from an architectural perspective through the examination of several design scenarios. We first find that the degree of the technical challenge is highly related to the degree of architectural change required at the system level. When the nature of adoption requires higher degrees of architectural change, adoption is most difficult due to the destruction of existing product design and knowledge assets. However, where adopting firms can leverage existing architectural design patterns to minimize architectural change, adoption can be significantly easier. In addition to the architectural challenges, this thesis also explores several other factors that influence adoption related to management strategy, organization, ecosystem, and human cognitive and behavioral tendencies. Finally, this thesis presents a set of heuristics for potential adopters of multi-core technology to assess the suitability and risk of multi-core technology for their firm's products, and a second set of heuristics for supplier firms developing or selling multi-core processors to determine their likely success.
by Daniel Thomas Ledger.
S.M.in Engineering and Management

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Ribeiro, Marcel Bertini. "Essays on imperfect common knowledge in macroeconomics." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/23998.

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This dissertation study the implications of strategic uncertainty induced by imperfect common knowledge for macroeconomic models and economic policy. In the first chapter, I evaluate whether central bank’s transparency enhances the effectiveness of monetary policy. I study this question using a New Keynesian model in which firms do not observe the time-varying inflation target or monetary policy shocks. Two informational assumptions are considered: (i) firms observe the interest rate decisions only (standard assumption) and (ii) firms observe the interest rate and an idiosyncratic signal about the inflation target. Under the standard assumption, agents infer output and inflation fluctuations by realizing that other agents are acting exactly like them. That ceases to be true when agents face strategic uncertainty induced by the idiosyncratic signal. One key implication is that, in the case of a monetary contraction, greater transparency improves the inflation-output trade-off only under the second assumption. In the second chapter, for a general class of DSGE models, I show that whenever agents extract information from endogenous variables that depends directly on the underlying unobserved shock, there is a qualitative difference in the signal extraction from those variables under imperfect information and imperfect common knowledge. This difference in learning about unobserved shocks does not vanish even in the limiting case when the variance of the private signal goes to infinity. Intuitively, strategic uncertainty prevents agents from knowing other agents’ decision, despite that those actions are the same in equilibrium. This discontinuity challenges this benchmark assumption by showing the implicitly substantial knowledge about endogenous variables assumed available to agents under imperfect information. The third chapter develops a novel solution method for a general class of DSGE models with imperfect common knowledge. The main contribution is that the method allows for the inclusion of endogenous state variables into the system of linear rational expectations equations under imperfect common knowledge. One key implication is that the endogenous persistence of state variables is the same under full information and imperfect common knowledge. A primer empirical evaluation of the informational frictions suggests that the model under imperfect common knowledge explains better the expectation data but is relatively worse at explaining the macroeconomic aggregates.
Esta tese estuda as implicações da incerteza estratégica induzida pelo conhecimento comum imperfeito para modelos macroeconômicos e política econômica. No primeiro capítulo, avalio se a transparência do banco central aumenta a eficácia da política monetária. Eu estudo essa questão usando um modelo Novo Keynesiano no qual as firmas não observam a meta de inflação variável no tempo e os choques de política monetária. Duas suposições sobre a informação dos agentes são consideradas: (i) as firmas observam apenas as decisões da taxa de juros e (ii) as firmas observam a taxa de juros e um sinal idiossincrático sobre a meta de inflação. Sob a suposição padrão, os agentes inferem flutuações de produto e inflação percebendo que outros agentes estão agindo exatamente como eles. Isso deixa de ser verdade quando os agentes enfrentam a incerteza estratégica induzida pelo sinal idiossincrático. Uma implicação principal é que, no caso de uma contração monetária, maior transparência melhora o trade-off inflação-produto apenas sob a segunda hipótese. No segundo capítulo, para uma classe geral de modelos DSGE, mostro que sempre que os agentes extraem informações de variáveis endógenas que dependem do choque subjacente não observado, as extrações de sinal daquelas variáveis sob informação imperfeita e conhecimento comum imperfeito são diferentes. Essa diferença no aprendizado de choques não observados não desaparece nem no caso limite quando a variação do sinal privado vai para o infinito. Intuitivamente, a incerteza estratégica impede que os agentes conheçam a decisão de outros agentes, apesar de essas ações serem as mesmas em equilíbrio. Essa descontinuidade desafia a suposição padrão, mostrando o conhecimento substancial sobre variáveis endógenas implicitamente assumido disponível para agentes sob informação imperfeita. O terceiro capítulo desenvolve um novo método de solução para uma classe geral de modelos DSGE com conhecimento comum imperfeito. A principal contribuição é que o método permite a inclusão de variáveis de estado endógeno no sistema de equações lineares de expectativas racionais sob conhecimento comum imperfeito. Uma implicação chave é que a persistência endógena de variáveis de estado é a mesma sob informação completa e conhecimento comum imperfeito. Uma avaliação empírica preliminar das fricções informacionais revela que o modelo sob informação imperfeita e dispersa explica melhor os dados de expectativas do que o modelo de informação completa. No entanto, isso ocorre ao custo de ser relativamente pior na explicação dos agregados macroeconômicos.

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Hansen, Marie, and Emelie Nyberg. "Föräldrars förväntningar och upplevelser av BB-tiden. : - Intervju med föräldrapar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69820.

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Bakgrund: Under BB-tiden ska barnets och föräldrars hälsa och välbefinnande främjas och tillgodoses efter familjens behov. Barnmorskan ska stärka föräldraparet i föräldrarollen, samt stödja och främja amningen. Syfte: Att beskriva föräldrars förväntningar och upplevelser av BB-tiden. Metod: En kvalitativ metod användes och datainsamlingen utfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av föräldrapar som rekryterats från BB genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Förväntningar hos föräldrapar inför BB-tiden kan utebli eftersom de fokuserar och samlar tankarna inför förlossning. De förväntningar föräldraparen hade var att få praktisk hjälp av vårdpersonalen för att kunna ta hand om sitt barn och känna sig trygga inför hemgång. Majoriteten av föräldraparen upplevde att de fick stöd från vårdpersonalen och att vårdpersonalen var närvarande. Trots det fanns det en önskan från föräldraparen att vårdpersonalen skulle kunna vara ännu mer närvarande. En positiv upplevelse var också att båda föräldrarna hade möjlighet till ett gemensamt ansvar för barnet under de första dygnen och att de upplevde delaktighet. Slutsats: Föräldrapars upplevelse av BB-tiden tyder på att vården är bra gällande vårdpersonalens kompetens och engagemang. När föräldrar ses som unika individer leder det till att vården blir mer familjecentrerad och individanpassad, vilket kan leda till att föräldrapar känner en ökad trygghet i sitt föräldraskap.
Background: During the postnatal care, the health and well-being of the child and parents shall be promoted and catered for according to the needs of the family. The midwife will strengthen the parent in the parenting role, as well as support and promote breastfeeding. The Aim: To describe parents' expectations and experiences of postnatal care. Method: A qualitative method was used, and the data collection was conducted using semi structured interviews. The selection consisted of parents recruited from postnatal care through a comfort check. Interview material was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Expectations of parents in the postnatal care can be lost because they focus and collect the thoughts of childbirth. The expectations that the parents had where to get practical help from the healthcare staff to take care of their child and feel safe before returning home. Most of the parents experiences that they were supported by healthcare professionals and that the healthcare staff where present. Nevertheless, there was a wish from the parents that healthcare staff could be even more present. A positive experience was also that both parents had the opportunity to share responsibility for the child during the first few days and that they experienced participation. Conclusion: Parents experience of postnatal care indicates that healthcare is good in terms of the health and safety of the healthcare staff. When parents are seen as unique individuals, care is becoming more family-centered and individual-adapted, which can result in that parents feel more secure in their parenthood.

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Asplund, Victoria, and Lind Fredriksson. ""Vi kvinnor får vara med, under förutsättningen att vi beter oss som männen" : En kvalitativ studie om kvinnliga chefers upplevelser av könsskapande inom den mansdominerade IT-branschen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-56002.

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The aim of this study was to examine how our way of doing gender affect female managers in the male-dominated IT organizations and how the female managers handle the consequences they entail. The study is based on a qualitative research approach where we gathered empirical data through semi-structured interviews. In this study, six respondents with varying experiences of management role within the IT organizations participated. The results are analyzed with the help of previous research and the theoretical framework which included Pierre Bourdieu's theory masculine domination and the West and Zimmerman's theory doing gender. In our study, we concluded that female managers in the male-dominated IT organizations feel the need to adapt to a greater degree than their male counterparts. As a result of the contradictions that exist in the female gender norms versus the role expectations placed on managers, who have a male character, women need to downplay their femininity, including by adjusting their language.

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Rodrigues, Thiago. "Descumprimento das metas, expectativas inflacionárias e taxa de juros: o caso brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2788.

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Brazil adopted an inflation targeting regime in 1999, after a four-year period of fixed exchange rate. Since then, the regime was marked by several episodes of unfulfillment of the target, what indicates that the regime seems to be defined as one in which the Central Bank pursues a 'fixed, but adjustable' target, that is, the rule is fixed for small shocks, but adjustments may occur for large shocks. The objective of this paper is to estimate the effect of such unfulfillment episodes over private agents’ inflation expectations. The results show that unfulfillments of the target have a significant impact over expectations, which, in turn, have great importance on the interest rate determination by the Central Bank.
O Brasil adotou o regime de metas de inflação em 1999, após um período de quatro anos de câmbio fixo. Desde então, o regime brasileiro foi marcado por diversos episódios de descumprimento da meta, o que indica que o regime parece ser caracterizado como um em que o Banco Central segue uma meta 'fixa, mas ajustável', ou seja, a regra se mantém fixa para choques pequenos, mas ajustes podem ocorrer para choques grandes. O objetivo desse trabalho é estimar o efeito de tais episódios de descumprimento sobre as expectativas de inflação dos agentes privados. Os resultados mostram que os descumprimentos da meta têm impacto significativo sobre as expectativas que, por sua vez, têm grande importância na determinação da taxa básica de juros pelo Banco Central.

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Soto, Alberto. "A Meta-Analytic Review of the Association of Therapeutic Alliance, Therapist Empathy, Client Attachment Style, and Client Expectations with Client Outcome." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6493.

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The therapeutic alliance has consistently been associated with improved client outcomes across numerous psychotherapy outcome studies. Previous systematic reviews have, however, evaluated the univariate association of the alliance with client outcome. The present meta-analytic review examines the association of the alliance with improved client outcomes after accounting for the presence of therapist empathy, client attachment styles, and client expectations. Across 23 independent studies, the alliance, adjusted for the presence of the other variables, remained as the most robust predictor of improved outcomes r = .258 (SE = .01, p < .001), with a 95% confidence interval of r = .18 to r = .33. After accounting for therapeutic alliance, therapist empathy was a small but statistically significant predictor of improved outcomes. These findings provide the first attempt at synthesizing multivariate estimates of the contribution of the alliance with improved outcomes when in the presence of empathy, client attachment style, and client expectations. The findings presented here suggest the superordinate nature of the alliance as a variable that exists on a separate conceptual level from the other variables evaluated.

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Lindström, Anne, and Hannah Werner. "Varför Sverige? : Semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex flyktingar från Syrien." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21632.

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Under de senaste åren har flyktingströmmarna till Sverige nått historiska nivåer. Många av de som kommer flyr krigets Syrien. Gruppen av syrier som fått permanenta uppehållstillstånd och nu ska skapa sig ett nytt liv i Sverige är stor. Hur ska Sverige utnyttja denna grupps kompetens och hur ska flyktingarna själva ta plats i samhället på såväl arbetsmarknad men även få social tillhörighet. Detta kan antas bli en återkommande fråga i den offentliga debatten. Vi upplever att det finns kunskapsluckor om dessa människor och deras tankar om Sverige, hur de trodde att det skulle bli och hur det blev. Detta är en intervjustudie där sex syrier har tillfrågats om sina förväntningar på och upplevelser av Sverige. Resultatet visar att intervjupersonerna hört om Sverige som ett fritt, demokratiskt, jämställt land med generös flyktingpolitik och permanenta uppehållstillstånd. Ett land där man kan bli vad man vill bara man kämpar. När de summerar hur det blivit efter de första åren konstaterar de att mycket stämmer men att det är lång väntan på uppehållstillstånd och yrkesvalideringar, att det dröjer innan de får sitt första arbete och att det är svårt att hitta forum där de kan prata svenska. Studien kan i framtiden utvecklas till att undersöka hur samma grupp som varit i Sverige ytterligare en tid uppfattar sin situation.
In recent years, the flow of refugees to Sweden reached historic levels. Many of those who will flee Syria war. The group of Syrians who have permanent residence and is now going to create a new life in Sweden is great. How should Sweden take advantage of this group's expertise and how the refugees themselves will have a place in society in both the labor market but also socially. This is likely to be a recurring issue in the public debate. We feel that there are gaps in knowledge about these people and their ideas about Sweden, the way they thought it would be and how it turned out. This is an interview where six Syrians were asked about their expectations and experiences of Sweden. The results show that the respondents heard about Sweden as a free, democratic, egalitarian country with generous refugee policy and permanent residence permits. A country where you can be what you want only one struggling. When they add up how it has been for the first few years, they acknowledge that this is true but it is a long wait for a residence permit and yrkesvalideringar, it will take time before they get their first job and that it is difficult to find a forum where they can speak Swedish. The study can be developed in the future to investigate how the same group that has been in Sweden for some more time then understand their situation and if it changed.

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Karlström, Johan. "Även skoltrötta elever vill något med sina liv : Hur gymnasieelevers motivation påverkas i mötet med läraren." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17270.

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The starting point of this study is national as well as international surveys which show that the study motivation and general level of knowledge among Swedish students have decreased. The Swedish Curriculum for the Non-Compulsory School System (Lpf94) states that each student shall be given the possibility to strengthen their will and ability to learn. The teachers are expected to play an important role in the effort to increase student motivation. The opinions of the students are a valuable source when trying to understand what motivates them. The purpose of this study is to provide a more profound understanding of what students express about their motivation in the interaction with the teachers. Students that describe themselves as school tired is one important target group for increasing motivation among students. Therefore, a more specific purpose is to see what in the interaction with the teacher and the teacher’s education might affect the motivation for school work among high school students who are tired of school. Research and studies relating to motivation are presented and discussed in the theoretic chapters of this work, covering the impact of social background, students’ inner motivation and the roles of the interaction with the teacher as well as teachers’ expectations and the teaching itself. The study is conducted as an analysis of qualitative interviews with five high school students who have expressed that they are school tired. The main results show that this particular group of students appreciate teachers who are caring, encouraging and supportive. The students have a need to feel connected with the teacher, who ideally should be calm, positive and have a sense of humour in order to generate positive energy. As for the Pygmalion effect, it is significant that the students express that their first meeting with the teacher is important and that they wish the teacher to be encouraging and to show them that she or he believes in every student´s ability in order to motivate them. The study shows that a teacher should also be able to challenge the students, but not by setting the goals too high or by putting too much pressure on them. When introducing a new course the teacher should make sure the students have the ability to keep up with the pace. Teachers should also enable students to catch up if they get behind. In addition, the teacher should have empathy and be able to explain various topics in an interesting way, and finally make it clear that they are teachers because they want to and not out of necessity.

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Ekelund, Botilda, and Erica Stepien. "Revisorn - en medveten social konstruktion? : En studie om hur revisorer aktivt arbetar för attpåverka den stereotypa bild som finns av dem." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129591.

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Introduktion Tidigare forskning kan identifiera en tydlig revisorsstereotyp.Trots att revisorer i viss mån har arbetat för att motarbetastereotypen, kvarstår samma stereotyp idag som för 40 årsedan. Skiljer sig omgivningens stereotyp från hur revisornuppfattar sig själv, föreligger ett förväntningsgap. Brist påforskning kring hur revisorerna upplever stereotypen och hurde bemöter den, motiverar vår studie. Syfte Studien syftar till att utforska hur revisorer uppfattar denstereotypa bilden om revisorer samt hur och varför de arbetarför att påverka omgivningens föreställningar om revisorer. Metod Denna kvalitativa studie har genomförts genom tolvsemistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter ärrevisionsmedarbetare med olika befattningar och arbetar pånågon av de fyra världsledande revisionsbyråerna. Slutsatser Vi kommer fram till att revisorer uppfattar stereotypen omrevisorer som i huvudsak negativ och icke överensstämmandemed revisorns egen bild av sig själv. Vi har identifierat ett nyttförväntningsgap – skillnader i förväntningar om hur en revisorär. Revisorer arbetar aktivt för att motarbeta stereotypeneftersom det medför fördelar för dem i yrkeslivet. Trotsmotarbetandet kvarstår stereotypen och därmedförväntningsgapet. I viss mån sker dessutom ett omedvetetagerande som tyder på att stereotypen förstärks eller ignoreras.
Introduction Previous research identifies an evident auditor stereotype.Although auditors to some extent have attempted to change thestereotype, the stereotype as it appeared 40 years ago stillremains. Differences between the stereotype and the auditors’perceptions of themselves causes an expectation gap. The lackof research regarding how auditors perceive the stereotype aswell as how they treat it, motivates our study. Purpose The purpose is to examine how auditors perceive the stereotypeof auditors as well as how and why they are working to changethe surroundings perceptions of auditors. Method This qualitative study is based on twelve semi-structuredinterviews. All respondents are audit staff with differentpositions that work in one of the Big 4 accounting firms. Conclusions We conclude that auditors mainly perceive the stereotype ofauditors negative and not consistent with their own images ofthemselves. We have identified a new expectation gap –differences in expectations about the auditor’s traits. Auditorsare working actively to counter the stereotype as it entailsbenefits to them in their professional life. To some extent,auditors are also unconsciously acting in a way that suggeststhat the stereotype is reinforced or ignored.

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Hedå, Marianne. "Vårdnadshavare med ursprung i mellanöstern deras förväntningar och erfarenheter av svenska förskolan : Vårdnadshavare med barn i den svenska förskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71215.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the parents' expectations before they left their child in preschool and their experiences of the earliest time in preschool, for parents with the origin in Middle East. The issues were; what expectations do parents, with origin from the Middle East, have of preschool and how do parents, with other language than Swedish, experience leaving their children in preschool. The survey consisted of qualitative semi-structured interviews. Previous research presented in the present study has mostly described preschool teacher´s experiences and perceptions. The theoretical perspectives on which the study is based are the connection theory and the sociocultural perspective. The four themes presented in the result are security, collaboration, language and expectations of learning. The parents emphasize that they want the children to learn a lot already in the preschool, partly social interaction but also a knowledge-based learning. The study shows some shortcomings in communication and collaboration between educators and caregivers. An important part of this is that the caretakers in the survey, even though they are interested and engaged in their children's everyday life in the preschool, do not seem to have insight into the preschool's governing documents such as the curriculum and the preschool's assignments. The conclusion of the study is that language and language difficulties are an important aspect when it comes to the collaboration between educators and parents. Despite this, the parents in the study says that it feels good to leave their children in preschool.
Studiens syfte var att undersöka vårdnadshavares förväntningar inför den första tiden i förskolan och deras upplevelser av densamma, då vårdnadshavarna har ursprung från Mellanöstern. Frågeställningarna var; vad har vårdnadshavare med ursprung från Mellanöstern för förväntningar på förskolan och hur upplever vårdnadshavare, med annat förstaspråk än svenska, att lämna sina barn i förskolan. Undersökningen bestod av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Tidigare forskning som presenteras i föreliggande studie har till stor del beskrivit förskollärares erfarenheter och uppfattningar. Teoretiska perspektiv som undersökningen baseras på är anknytningsteorin och det sociokulturella perspektivet. De fyra teman som presenteras i resultatet är trygghet, samarbete, språk och förväntningar om lärande. Vårdnadshavarna poängterar att de önskar att barnen ska lära sig mycket redan i förskolan, dels socialt samspel men även ett kunskapsbaserat lärande. Undersökningen visar på en del brister i kommunikationen och samarbetet mellan pedagoger och vårdnadshavare. En väsentlig del i detta är att vårdnadshavarna i undersökningen trots att de är intresserade och engagerade i sina barns vardag i förskolan inte verkar ha insikt i förskolans styrdokument läroplanen och förskolans uppdrag. Slutsatsen i undersökningen är att språk och språksvårigheter är en viktig aspekt när det gäller samarbetet mellan pedagoger och vårdnadshavare. Trots detta säger vårdnadshavarna i undersökningen att det känns bra att lämna sina barn i förskolan.

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Andersson, Jenny, and Karin Gustafsson. ""Snart går det över!" En studie om missmatch mellan psykologisk risk och återhämtningsförväntningar bland patienter med ländryggsmärta." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38187.

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Law, Caroline. "The uncertainties of men and angels : a comparative study of legitimate expectations, balancing tests and their implications for modern governance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433055.

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Selander, Cecilia. ""Man får mycket gratis med en öppen attityd" : Projektledarens upplevelse av kundrelationen i kundorderprojekt." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13482.

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The purpose of this paper has been to describe the project manager's experience of the customer relationship in customer order projects. A qualitative interview study has been conducted in which seven project managers were interviewed. A thematic analysis resulted in four overall themes. The results showed the importance of a clear, responsive and open communication as well as a large degree of customization to meet the customer the best way as possible. The experience was also characterized by a dynamic relationship and the importance of the customer's expectations. The project manager's characteristics and experience were very important in all themes and had a significant part in establishing and maintaining customers’ trust.
Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att beskriva projektledarens upplevelse av kundrelationen i kundorderprojekt. En kvalitativ intervjustudie har använts som undersökningsmetod där sju stycken projektledare har intervjuats. Analys av materialet har genomförts med en tematisk analys där fyra övergripande teman framkommit. Resultatet visade på kommunikationens betydelse av att vara tydlig, lyhörd och öppen samt en stor grad av anpassning för att bemöta kunden på bästa sätt. Upplevelsen präglades dessutom av en dynamik i relationen och där kundens förväntningar var betydelsefulla. Projektledarens egenskaper och erfarenhet spelade en stor roll i samtliga teman och visade sig vara viktiga i att etablera och bevara kundens förtroende.

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Pinto, Daniel Mathias Alves. "O impacto de choques inflacionários na estrutura a termo de taxas de juros." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10586.

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This paper analyzes the impact of inflation surprises in the variations of the agents' expectations regarding interest rate, as measured by the Term Structure of Interest Rate at BM&F. The inflationary surprises are variations in actual inflation around the inflation expected, synthesized by FOCUS report of the Central Bank. The empirical approach used was the method of OLS with errors robust to heteroscedasticity, identified from exogenous variation arising from the disclosure of the monthly IPCA inflation index. For the period from January 2003 to October 2012, the results are in line with what is expected and show that agents change their expectations of monetary policy when they are surprised.
O presente trabalho analisa o impacto de surpresas inflacionárias, definidas como a diferença entre inflação esperada e inflação efetiva, sobre as variações na expectativa dos agentes em relação à política monetária, medida através da Estrutura a Termo de Taxa de Juros retirada dos contratos de juros futuros da BM&F. A abordagem empírica utilizada foi a do método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários com erros robustos à heterocedasticidade, identificado a partir das variações exógenas decorrentes da divulgação mensal do índice IPCA de inflação. Para o período de janeiro de 2003 a outubro de 2012, os resultados estão em linha com que o que é esperado e mostram que os agentes alteram suas expectativas de política monetária quando são surpreendidos.

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Niyonkuru, Elsie Diane. "Att leva med HIV/AIDS i familjen: HIV som ett ärr i ansiktet : En kvalitativ studie om hur närstående upplever att deras egen hälsa påverkas av att en familjemedlem lever med HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33169.

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Syftet med denna undersökning är att beskriva hur närstående till en familjemedlem som lever med HIV/AIDS upplever att deras egen hälsa påverkas av detta, hur de hanterar sin livssituation och vilka förväntningar de har från samhällets håll när det gäller bemötanden och behandlingar. Sex anhöriga till en HIV-positiv deltog i studien. En kvalitativ induktiv metod användes och datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer för att låta de närstående relativt fritt berätta om sina upplevelser. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys resulterande i tre kategorier. De tre kategorier är upplevd hälsa, coping och förväntningarna. I resultatet framkom det att de närstående upplever att deras hälsa påverkas av att de lever med någon som har HIV/AIDS. De behöver mobilisera sina inre resurser och ta stöd från deras sociala nätverk för att kunna hantera sin livssituation. Slutsatsen blev den att en ökad allmänkunskap om HIV/AIDS behövs, särskilt för att utveckla insatser riktade till just de anhöriga till smittade. Det är av vikt att även deras röster hörs samt att deras inre och yttre resurser uppmärksammas och stärks. Interventioner för HIV-infekerade borde också gynna deras familjer.
The purpose of this study is to describe to what extent the family members of someone who is HIV/AIDS positive feel that their health is also affected by this, how they cope with this circumstance land what expectations they have regarding how they hope to be received and treated in society as a whole. 6 family members of an HIV/AIDS positive individual participated in the study. A qualitative inductive method was used for the study and the data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews so as to allow the family members to relatively freely share of their experiences. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using a manifest content analysis, resulting in the three categories: perceived health, coping and expectations. The results show that the family members feel that their health is also affected by their relation to someone who is HIV/AIDS positive. They need to mobilize their internal resources and seek support from their social networks to be able manage their day-to-day lives. It was also concluded that a general increased in knowledge concerning HIV/AIDS is needed, especially with the goal of developing effective interventions specifically aimed at the family members of the HIV infected. It is important that their voices are heard and that their internal and external resources are both recognized and strengthened. Interventions for HIV positive individuals should also benefit the lives of their families.

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Svangren, Sandra, and Andreas Karlsson. "Effekter på balansförmågan av träning med Nintendo Wii Fit : En experimentell single-casestudie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18692.

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Bakgrund: Fall hos äldre är vanligt förekommande. Regelbunden balansträning krävs för att bibehålla och förbättra balansförmågan. En persons self-efficacy och utfallsförväntningar spelar roll för om träningen blir av eller inte då många äldre inte tränar på grund av att de inte tror sig få ut något av det. Nintendo Wii Fit är ett modernt sätt att träna balansförmågan på. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om Nintendo Wii Fit har effekt på balansförmågan, self-efficacy till balansförmågan i hemmet, utfallsförväntningar på balansförmågan av balansträningen samt fallrelaterad self-efficacy hos tre hemmaboende personer över 70 år under och efter tre veckor interventionsperiod. Metod: Experimentell single-case design A-B-A2 användes. Interventionen bestod av balansträning med Nintendo Wii Fit tre gånger i veckan under tre veckor. Kontinuerliga skattningar av personernas self-efficacy till balansförmågan och utfallsförväntningar för balansträning pågick genom A-B-A2. Andra variabler som utvärderades var balansförmåga (Bergs balansskala) och fallrelaterad self-efficacy (FES(S)). Resultat: Resultatet visade tendenser på att balansträning med Nintendo Wii Fit hade en positiv påverkan balansförmågan, fallrelaterad self-efficacy, self-efficacy för balansförmågan i hemmet samt utfallsförväntningar på balansförmågan av balansträningen. Slutsats: Mer forskning inom området behövs innan några säkra slutsatser om effekten på balansförmågan av Nintendo Wii Fit på individnivå kan göras.
Background: Elderly people relatively often fall. Regular balance training is required to maintain and improve balance ability. A person's self-efficacy and outcome expectations may affect whether he or she perform the exercises or not. Many older persons do not exercise because of lack of confidence. Nintendo Wii Fit can be a modern way to increase confidence and balance ability. Objective: The objective was to investigate whether the Nintendo Wii Fit has an effect on the balance ability, the person's self-efficacy in their balance ability in a home environment, a person's outcome expectations of balance ability from balance training with the Nintendo Wii Fit and fall-related self-efficacy of three individuals ages over 70 years at their homes. The study was conducted during and after a three-week long intervention period. Method: An experimental single-case design A-B-A2 was used. The intervention included balance training with Nintendo Wii Fit three times a week over a three-week long period. Continuous monitoring of the participants self-efficacy in balance ability and outcome expectations of the balance training was performed at all phases. Other evaluated variables were balance (Berg balance scale) and fall-related self-efficacy (FES (S)). Results: The results shows tendencies that balance training with Nintendo Wii Fit has a positive effect for the three participants regarding balance ability, fall-related self-efficacy, self-efficacy for balance ability in the home and outcome expectations of balance ability by balance training. Conclusion: More research is needed in this area before any firm conclusions about the effect on individual level regarding balance ability by balance training with the Nintendo Wii Fit can be made.

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Ryan, Fiona. "The part-time employment relationship : an investigation of its capabilities to meet the needs, wants and expectations of employees and employers." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285612.

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Fenchel, Monika, and Therese Hermansen. "Omvårdnad med placeboeffekt : En litteraturstudie om hur omvårdnadsåtgärder kan skapa placebo och nocebo." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2563.

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BAKGRUND: Placebo som begrepp har förändrats över tid – från medeltidens betydelse ”jag skall göra gott” till en overksam substans som används i randomiserade kontrollerade studier. Tidigare forskning visar att placeboeffekt kan skapas genom förväntans- och betingningsmekanismer, som via hjärnan startar processer i kroppen som kan lindra symptom som exempelvis smärta och illamående. Placeboeffekter har ansetts förekomma vid upp till 90 procent av sjuksköterskans åtgärder, men forskningen som belyser dess potential inom omvårdnad är bristfällig. SYFTE: Att undersöka hur placeboeffekten skulle kunna användas vid omvårdnadsåtgärder. METOD: En litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. RESULTAT: Placebo kan skapas genom bemötande, behandlingsritualer och vårdmiljö. Vårdpersonal kan använda placeboeffekten för att stödja patientens behandling, för att individanpassa vården och stärka relationen mellan patient och personal. SLUTSATS OCH FÖRSLAG PÅVIDARE FORSKNING: Många omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan bidra till att skapa placeboeffekter går att använda utan etiska konflikter, medan andra delar kräver merforskning och etiska riktlinjer innan de är genomförbara i klinisk praxis. Vidare forskning bör fokusera på klinisk miljö och knyta samman omvårdnadsforskning med andra forskningsområden. Individuella skillnader i placeborespons och vårdpersonalens syn på användning av placebo är några områden som behöver fördjupas inom omvårdnadsforskning.
BACKGROUND: The concept placebo has changed over time – from the Middle Ages denotation of "I shall please" - into an inactive substance used in randomized controlled trials. Previous research shows that a placebo effect can be created through expectation and conditioning-mechanisms, which in turn trigger brain processes that can alleviate symptoms such as pain and nausea. Up to 90 percent of a nurse's actions have been considered to create placebo effects, but research that highlights its potential in nursing care is scarce. AIM OF STUDY: Examine how the placebo effect could be used in nursing interventions. METHOD: A literature study with inductive approach. RESULTS: Placebo effects can be created through verbal and non-verbal treatment, treatment rituals and by altering the context of the healthcare setting. Healthcare professionals can use the placebo effect to strengthen or replace active treatments. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH:Several nursing interventions that initiate a placebo effect can be used without ethical conflicts, while others require more research and ethical guidelines before being viable in clinical practice. Individual differences regarding placebo response, and healthcare professionals' views of the use of placebo, are some areas that need further research.

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Vildelöt, Sandra, and Karin Edman. "Personalens förväntningar inför sammanslagning av förlossnings-, BB- och neonatalavdelningen och att samtidigt införa samvård : Kvalitativ studie med fokusgruppsintervjuer." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13249.

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Bakgrund: Anknytningen underlättas mellan barn och föräldrar om de kan vara tillsammans redan från förlossningen. Teamarbete förbättrar kvalitén och bidrar till helhetsperspektiv i vården. En god arbetsmiljö och ett gott samarbete mellan personal är viktigt för effektiviteten av samvård. Att undersöka personalens förväntningar inför ett nytt arbetssätt är betydelsefullt eftersom det kan avspegla sig i den vård som senare ges.Syftet med studien var att belysa personalens förväntningar inför sammanslagning av olika vårdavdelningar och att samtidigt införa samvård.Metoden var en kvalitativ metod med totalt 14 deltagare i tre fokusgruppsintervjuer. Datainsamlingen analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultatet sammanfattades med temat ”Tryggt och välkänt eller nytt och osäkert – förändringsarbetets balansgång” som beskrev personalens känslor inför sammanslagningen. Kategorierna ”Att få en bra miljö för föräldrar och personal”, ”Att samarbeta med familjen i fokus”, ”Att förena två kliniker och kulturer” och ”Att genomgå en arbetsplatsförändring” beskrev de förväntningar och farhågor personalen uttryckte.Slutsatser: Resultatet visade på förväntningar av att vård- och arbetsmiljö skulle förbättras samt att samarbetet mellan klinikerna skulle bli mer effektivt. Det framkom att det var av betydelse att ha fungerande informationsflöden, uppleva delaktighet samt ha en tydlig ledning i en genomgripande organisationsförändring.
Background: The bonding between child and parent is aided when child and parent can be together as soon as possible from delivery. Teamwork improves quality and contributes to a holistic-perspective on nursing. A good work environment and good cooperation between staff is important for the efficiency of family-centered care. It is significant to investigate the expectations of the staff before introducing a new way of working, since it may reflect in the quality of care later given.The aim of this study was to illustrate the staffs’ expectations on the fusion of care units and whilst introducing family-centered care.The method was a qualitative method, with three focusgroup interviews of a total of 14 participants. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.The result was summarized with the theme “safe and common or new and uncertain – the balance of change” that described the feelings of the staff before the fusion. The categories “achieving a good environment for parents and staff”, “to cooperate focusing on the family”, “uniting two clinics and cultures” and “to experience a change in establishment” described the expectations and fears of the staff.Conclusions: Results showed expectations of improved care- and work environment, and that the cooperation between clinics would become more efficient. It was important having a clear flow of information, to feel participant and to have a straight-forward management in order to create a functioning way of work in family-centered care.

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Mohammed, Sarah. "Composite targets in the 'attentional blink' : new insights into the neural substrates of expectations, interference, switching & consolidation by means of MEG." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3907/.

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Top-down expectations allow us to quickly filter relevant events from the continuous stimulation by the environment. The Attentional Blink (AB) paradigm simulates such taxing situations in the laboratory (Raymond et al., 1992). For the first time, I employed composite events as targets in an AB paradigm. A first target (T1) was defined as 3 consecutive digits, while a second target (T2) was an ‘X’. In this way, unfulfilled expectations regarding T1 could be elicited by presenting partial targets, containing only 1 or 2 digits. My paradigm was specifically developed to allow the manipulation of global and local expectations independently. While global expectations are induced by relative trial frequencies and modulate target expectations prior to a trial, local expectations are induced by the consecutive presentation of digits that raise the expectation for a full target as a trial unfolds. I predicted that, when expectation for the full target was globally high and locally raised to a maximum, disappointing these expectations would result in an AB in itself without a full T1 being presented (i.e. with 2 digits). Possibly, this AB could be even larger in magnitude than when expectations are met (with 3 digits). This was indeed the case when 3 digit trials were the most frequent event (Experiments 1, 3, 4 and 5). When global expectations for 3 digits were high, I observed the strongest AB with 2 digits, greater even than with the full T1. This suggests that maximally raised but violated expectations (with 2 digits) have a more detrimental effect on subsequent T2 processing than fulfilled expectations for the full target (3 digits). I subsequently showed that this pattern could not simply be explained by enumeration of the digits (Experiment 2). Counting the digits was associated with the same blink magnitude with 1, 2 and 3 digits, suggesting that counting involves consolidation of digits into working memory as targets, a process unaffected by global expectation of trial types or the quantity of digits. I then investigated the role of bottom-up signals in switching from raised expectations for the T1 to T2. I considered the roles of the post digit mask (Experiment 3), and of colour- (Experiment 4) and sound-based (Experiment 5) switching signals which marked the end of the digit event. Performance was improved considerably by removing the lag 1 mask after partial targets (1 digit and 2 digits), but not after full targets (3 digits). For partial targets, the presence of a mask seems to conflict with the expectations for another digit, and the knock-on effect could be a delay in switching to T2. The AB magnitude for full targets is unaffected by the mask, suggesting consolidation of T1 and switching to T2 occurs immediately after the 3rd and final digit. On the other hand, marking the final digit with a colour or sound did not influence the AB in any digit condition. Taken together, this suggests that in this paradigm, top-down expectations play a much stronger role than bottom-up factors. I then manipulated the relative frequencies of the digit events to investigate how top-down global and local expectations contributed to the AB magnitudes. In Experiments 6 and 7, the 3 digit event became increasingly rarer as the 2 digit event became more frequent. Overall, I found a reversal of the previous pattern: The AB with 3 digits became increasingly stronger than the AB with 2 digits. My findings suggest that global expectations influence the build up of local expectation increments with each presented digit, yet this occurs in a non-linear fashion. Two MEG experiments further show that raised and subsequently violated expectations for T1 have a distinct neural signature (MEG Experiment 1), which cannot be accounted for by the act of counting the digits (MEG Experiment 2). In particular, beta-band oscillations seem to code for both the target processing and the rapid changes in local expectations during the trial. A key finding from MEG Experiment 1 was the similar widespread beta power decrease for 2 digits and 3 digits until 0.6 s, when the conditions dissociated into a frontal power increase for 2 digits while the 3 digit power decrease continued. Tentatively, I suggest that this could represent the building of expectations for the full target (power decrease) and the subsequent violation of expectations (frontal power increase) in the 2 digit trials. An M300 to each digit suggests that all digits enter the global workspace and are consolidated into working memory; a finding which is corroborated by the theta-band results. Meanwhile, alpha oscillations were more posterior and appear to code for the processing of full targets only (3 digits in MEG Experiment 1, and 1, 2 and 3 digits in MEG Experiment 2). To summarise, my key finding is that an AB can be elicited without a T1 actually occurring. Building up expectations about the T1 event within a trial can alone induce an AB. Furthermore, built and subsequently violated expectations for the T1 event seem to be coded in the brain by widespread modulations of beta oscillations. I discuss the findings with relation to several models of the AB. In particular, my behavioural and MEG findings fit well with the “Robust State” hypothesis (Kessler et al., 2005a), set within the wider “Global Workspace” framework (Dehaene et al., 2003a), which accounts for the dynamic interaction of top-down expectations with bottom-up visual processing. I envisage this novel aspect of expectations complementing the growing knowledge of the AB and emphasising the importance of network dynamics as a metaphor for the parallel distributed processing in the brain.

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Cooke, Susan Jane. "Great expectations : the role of the self in the evaluation of vacancies by long term unemployed men in a buoyant labour market." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423382.

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Baskal, Ilona. "En systematisk litteraturstudie av vilket stöd och vilken hjälp föräldrar till barn med kolik önskar sig från BHV-sjuksköterskor." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22045.

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Spädbarnskolik är ett vanligt hälsoproblem. När ett barn lider av kolik är detta oftast påfrestande för barnets föräldrar. Dessa föräldrar upplever ofta oro, trötthet och en känsla av hjälplöshet, vilket kan påverka relationen mellan barnet och föräldrarna negativt och öka barnets skrikande. Känslor av frustration och ilska, vilka kan upplevas av trötta och stressade föräldrar, ökar risken för att föräldrar ska skaka eller ta hårt i barnet, vilket kan leda till att barn får allvarliga skador. BHV-sjuksköterskor är viktiga aktörer inom barnahälsovården och det är av stor vikt att de effektivt hjälper och stödjer föräldrar till barn med kolik. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilket stöd och vilken hjälp föräldrar till barn med kolik önskar sig från BHV-sjuksköterskor. Denna studie utfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie. För studien valdes nio vetenskapliga artiklar ut. De utvalda artiklarna är från Sverige, Norge, USA och Sydafrika. Bland de utvalda artiklarna är sju artiklar med kvalitativ metod och två har utförts med blandad metod med kvalitativa intervjuer och deskriptiv statistik. Samtliga utvalda artiklar belyser föräldraperspektivet, med avseende på spädbarnskolik. Studiens resultat visar att förståelse och stöd från vårdpersonal har stor betydelse för föräldrar, för att de ska kunna klara av att hantera den svåra kolikperioden. Föräldrar önskar ofta att sjuksköterskor erbjuder systematisk rådgivning och systematisk uppföljning samt att barnets tillstånd undersöks noggrant. Flertalet föräldrar är även intresserade av att få information om metoder med bristande evidens. Det framgick i studien att sjuksköterskor kan misslyckas med att hjälpa familjer med kolik på grund av att sjuksköterskor kan se annorlunda på kolikproblemet än föräldrarna själva eller att föräldrar kan ifrågasätta sjuksköterskors kompetens vad gäller kolikhantering. Ett annat hinder kan vara att föräldrarnas förmåga att acceptera stöd kan vara försämrad på grund av bland annat social isolering. Resultaten av denna studie tyder även på att kolikdiagnosen kan upplevas både som positiv och negativ av föräldrar och att när spädbarnskolik ibland normaliseras av vårdpersonal kan detta upplevas som negativt av föräldrar. En viktig poäng som framgick i studien, är att föräldrar till barn med kolik har olika behov och kan uppskatta olika typer av stöd och av andra vårdinsatser. Utifrån studiens resultat är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal alltid lyssnar på föräldrar, bemöter föräldraperspektivet och anpassar alla vårdinsatser utifrån föräldrars individuella behov.

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Icmen, Marlin Deniz. "Individualisering i undervisningen : Fyra lärares uppfattning om och arbete med individualisering." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5868.

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The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of individualism also how individualism is applied in a teacher’s classroom. Based on the curriculum, teaching is tailored to each and every student’s expectations and needs. My research has been qualitative and includes four interviews with practicing teachers in two multi-cultural schools in the city of Stockholm. I have investigated how these four teachers perceive individualism, also how they individualize when teaching to meet all students' expectations and needs according to them. In the analysis, the teachers’ methods have been applied to the theories and previous studies that were introduced in the theoretical chapter. Research results show that the teachers perceive individualism as a way of targeting the individual students during their lessons. Through individualism it is also possible for the teacher to abide by the curriculum which says to tailor teaching to each student’s expectations and needs. Prominent individualism methods that have been demonstrated were when teachers tailor their teaching according to student’s different backgrounds, experience and interests, also by getting to know each student.

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Bank, Niklas. "Digital förberedelse inför ett bilköp : En studie kring användarförväntningar online." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19840.

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Digitaliseringen har bidragit till att man inför ett köpbeslut kan inhämta information från en mängd olika håll och i samband med det har forskningsbegrepp som elektronisk mun-till-mun marknadsföring (eWom) börjat äga rum genom att människor recenserar produkter, skriver om dom på sociala medier och betygsätter varorna. Dessa aspekter bidrar till att man kan bygga upp en trygghet inför sitt köp. Inom bilköp har digitaliseringen av köpprocessen inte fortskridit i samma takt som andra varor, men information inhämtas med hjälp av internet i hög grad inför ett köp. Detta examensarbete tittar närmare på förberedelse av bilköp med stöd från online-recensioner och diskussionsforum online och hur dessa påverkar användarförväntningarna. Användarförväntningar (User Expectations) är en del av användarupplevelsen (User Experience) och bygger på hur vi förväntar oss att vårt användande av en produkt eller tjänst kommer att se ut. Inom User Experience Design kan man genom att studera specifika kontexter, som exempelvis förberedelse av ett köp på ett mer noggrant sätt få en ökad förståelse för användarnas behov ur både ett pragmatiskt och hedoniskt perspektiv. Användarförväntningar påverkas av såväl tidigare erfarenheter och upplevelsersom av andra användare, dessutom formas användarförväntningar under själva upplevelsen. Målet med studien är att vidare undersöka hur en digital och social kontext inverkar på användarförväntningarna och utifrån det har en problemformulering med en forskningsfråga tagits fram. Forskningsfrågan för arbetet är Hur påverkas användarförväntningar inför ett bilköp av onlinerecensioneroch diskussionsforum online? Frågan besvaras med hjälp av en kvalitativ datainsamling i form av enkät och djupintervjuer sex av personerna som besvarade enkäten. Datainsamlingen visar att man använder diskussionsforum föratt få ”vanliga människors” upplevelser av bilar och att den största påverkan på hur man föreställer sig användandet är genom andra människors beskrivningar av deras användande i form av hur man löst ett problem eller att med en elbil åkt på bilsemester ner i Europa. Man tenderar att ta till sig information från särskilda användare, baserat på de uppfattas ha en stor kompetens på området eller att de påminner om en själv. Genom att hitta människor som påminner om en själv i forumen kan man med större säkerhet se sin egen framtida användning av den bil man tänkt införskaffa.
There is a digitalization proceeding which affects us in different ways, in order to make purchase decisions we are now able to gather information from many sources. As a result of this terms like electronic word of mouth marketing (eWom) started to appear in science, which means that people have started to review products online or discuss products in online forums or other kinds of social media. This has made buying easier in a lot of ways because one can assure oneself before the purchase through the experiences and opinions of other users. Regarding cars though, digitalizationis not as far ahead as other goods when it comes to actually purchase cars online, but the research process before the purchase is in many ways already a digital process. This thesis investigates the research process regarding car purchases, with a focus on the social aspects coming from other users through online-reviews and online forums to see how they affect the User Expectations. User Expectations is a part of the User Experience can be explained as how we as users build expectations about a product or a service through anticipating the use of it. Within User Experience context isrelevant, in this case the context is how users conduct the research process before buying a car, inorder to reach a deeper understanding of the users pragmatic and hedonic needs. User Expectations are affected by both past experiences and other users and User Expectations is also formed during the User Experience. The aim of this study is to explore how a digital and social context affects the User Expectations and in order to explore this a research question has been formulated which is: When conducting product research before buying a car, how do online-reviews and online forums affect the User Expectations? The research question is answered with a qualitative study through a survey and in depth interviews with six of the survey respondents. The sampled data show that one uses online forum in order toget “ordinary people’s” experiences of cars and that the main impact on anticipating the use of one’s future cars is through usage examples or how another user solved a problem, for example regarding electric cars how another user described how they went on a car trip through Europe only on electricity. The respondents tends to be more susceptible to information from specific users, these users are either regarded very competent or they tend to have a lot of similarities in life with the respondents. By finding other users in similar situations the respondents get more assured and are able to anticipate their use of the specific car in mind.

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Lind, Matilda, and Lina Larsson. "Personalomsättning som affärsmodell : En kvalitativ studie med fokus på före detta revisorsassistenter." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177178.

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Titel Personalomsättning som affärsmodell - En kvalitativ studie med fokus på före detta revisorsassistenter Författare Lina Larsson och Matilda Lind Handledare Pernilla Broberg Bakgrund Många nyexaminerade ekonomer lockas av revisorsprofessionen men cirka 50% väljer att sluta sin anställning inom tre år. Forskare menar att en anledning till den höga personalomsättningen inom revisionsbranschen kan vara att revisorsassistenter väljer att lämna yrket. Även faktorer som hög arbetsbelastning, missvisande förväntningar och uppfattningen av revisorsprofessionen används för att förklara personalomsättningen. Däremot finns det få studier som fokuserar på revisorsassistenten samt skillnader mellan små och stora revisionsbyråer. Syfte Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie är att förstå före detta revisorsassistenters förväntningar och uppfattningar av revisorsprofessionen samt deras motiv till att lämna yrket som revisorsassistent. Studien syftar även till att förstå vilka eventuella skillnader som finns i uppfattningarna hos före detta revisorsassistenter från små respektive stora revisionsbyråer. Metod Denna studie tillämpar en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med huvudsaklig deduktiv process och induktiva inslag. För datainsamling har totalt 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med före detta revisorsassistenter på små respektive stora revisionsbyråer. Slutsats Denna studie indikerar att revisorsassistenter förväntar sig hög arbetsbelastning, omfattande lärdomar och goda karriärmöjligheter när de tar anställning inom revisorsprofessionen. Uppfattningar som hög arbetsbelastning och låg lön visar sig inverka på revisorsassistentens arbetstillfredsställelse samt utgör motiv att lämna yrket. Studien indikerar även att det råder skillnader mellan små och stora revisionsbyråer, bland annat sett till arbetsuppgifter. Kunskapsbidrag Denna studie bidrar bland annat till att skapa förståelse för fenomenet personalomsättning ur revisorsassistentens perspektiv samt utökar kunskapen om faktisk personalomsättning inom revisorsprofessionen.
Title Employee turnover as a business model - A qualitative study focusing on former auditing assistants Authors Lina Larsson and Matilda Lind Supervisor Pernilla Broberg Introduction Many newly graduated economists are attracted by the audit profession, but about 50% choose to terminate their employment within three years. Researchers believe that one reason for the high employee turnover in the auditing industry may be that audit associates choose to leave the profession. Factors such as high workload, misleading expectations and the perception of the audit profession are also used to explain employee turnover. However, few studies focus on the audit associate as well as differences between small and large audit firms. Purpose The main purpose of this study is to understand former audit associates’ expectations and perceptions of the audit profession as well as their motives for leaving the occupation as an audit associate. The study also aims to understand the possible differences in the perceptions of former audit associates from small and large audit firms. Method This study applies a qualitative research strategy with a primarily deductive process with inductive elements. For data collection, a total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with former audit associates at small and large audit firms. Conclusion This study indicates that audit associates expect a high workload, extensive learning experiences and useful career opportunities when they enter the audit profession. Perceptions such as high workload and low salary prove to affect the audit associates' job satisfaction and constitute motives for leaving the profession. In addition, this study indicates differences between small and large audit firms, for instance in terms of work assignments. Contribution This study contributes to create an understanding of the phenomenon of employee turnover from the perspective of the audit associate and to expand the knowledge of actual employee turnover within the audit profession.

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Johansson, Daniel, and Filip Smith. "The key to satisfaction in distance education : A qualitative study of how to achieve student satisfaction in distance-based education." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96399.

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E-learning is something that has grown very fast for many years as today's technology is constantly evolving and gives us new opportunities. E-learning enables distance education in many ways and does this regardless of time and space. It represents a large part of today's education and therefore quality is important. If distance studies are facilitated properly, it gives students the opportunity to effectively balance their private life together with their studies. Although it simplifies education for many, it comes with its own difficulties and challenges. This can be a big factor as to why distance studies have a higher dropout rate than regular campus studies. In this thesis, the areas course design, interaction and the teacher’s impact are investigated to examine student satisfaction in distance education. In previous findings, these areas were highlighted as crucial factors for student satisfaction. With the expectationconfirmation theory as a base, a qualitative method, consisting of interviews with distance students at Linnaeus University was conducted. The collected data was transcribed and analyzed with the use of themes and codes. The results show that interaction is something that is hard to achieve at a distance. The universities should promote student interaction as it is something the students struggle with, suggestively through "icebreaker" exercises. The interaction between teacher-students is something that was valued high, but depending on how well the course was structured, the teacher-student interaction was not needed as much. Teachers should avoid scattered communication as this turned out to have a negative impact on the student satisfaction. The teacher was shown to be important in different ways, where their pedagogical ability and the ability to handle and share information through digital tools was shown to be very impactful. The course design was found to affect the students' satisfaction the most. Structure and availability of all relevant material and segments of a course proved to be extremely important, this gives the student the opportunity to plan their studies. To improve and naturally include interaction amongst students, discussion proved to be an important segment of a course.
E-lärande har under åren vuxit i ett mycket högt tempo. Dagens teknik utvecklas ständigt och ger oss nya möjligheter att genomföra saker på. E-lärande möjliggör distansutbildning på många sätt, oavsett tid och rum. Det representerar en stor del av dagens forskning inom utbildning och därför har kvalitén blivit viktigare. Om distansstudier genomförs ordentligt ger det studenter möjlighet att effektivt balansera deras privat liv tillsammans med studier. Även om det förenklar utbildning för många så kommer det med sina egna svårigheter och utmaningar. Detta kan vara en faktor till varför fler distansstudenter väljer att hoppa av sina studier jämfört med de som studerar på campus. I den här studien granskas områdena kursdesign, interaktion och lärarens påverkan för att undersöka studenters nöjdhet vid distansstudier. I tidigare forskning framhölls dessa områden som avgörande för studenternas nöjdhet. Med expectation-confirmation teorin som bas genomfördes en kvalitativ metod, bestående av intervjuer med distansstudenter vid Linnéuniversitetet. Den insamlade informationen transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av teman och koder. Resultaten visar att interaktion är något som är svårt att uppnå vid distansstudier. Universiteten bör främja interaktion eftersom det är något som studenterna kämpar med, suggestivt genom övningar som “bryter isen”. Interaktionen mellan lärare och studenter är något som värderades högt. Beroende på hur väl en kurs är strukturerad så är behovet av interaktion mellan studenter och lärare inte lika högt. Lärare bör undvika spridd kommunikation eftersom det visade sig ha en negativ inverkan på studenternas tillfredsställelse. Läraren visade sig vara viktig på olika sätt, där deras pedagogiska förmåga och förmågan att hantera och dela information genom digitala verktyg visade sig vara högt värderade. Det visade sig att kursdesignen påverkade studenternas tillfredsställelse mest. Struktur och tillgänglighet av allt relevant material visade sig vara oerhört viktigt, vilket ger studenten möjlighet att planera sina studier. För att förbättra och naturligt inkludera interaktion mellan studenter visade sig diskussion vara ett viktigt segment av en kurs.

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Olsson, Michaela, and Melissa Ödman. "Gapet mellan revisionsbyråernas förväntan och nyutexaminerade ekonomers syn på erhållen kompetens från ekonomiutbildning på kandidatnivå : En undersökning av det potentiella gapet mellan erhållen kompetens i ekonomutbildningen i jämförelse med vad som förväntas av revisionsbyråerna." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18779.

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Bakgrund: The Big Four anses, likt tidigare år, vara en bland de 100 mest attraktiva arbetsgivarna i Sverige vilket indikerar att det fortfarande är av stort intresse att arbeta med revision. Att arbeta med revision innebär att alla anställda arbetar tillsammans, och en revisor kan ses som en länk mellan det företag som de reviderar och företagets intressenter. Titeln auktoriserad revisor är skyddad och kräver dels en teoretisk- och en praktisk utbildning som ges från en ekonomiutbildning samt teoretisk och praktisk erfarenhet på en revisionsbyrå. Tidigare forskning har belyst problematiken mellan olika uppfattningar kring förväntningar från revisionsbyråer och nyutexaminerade ekonomers kompetens. Problemformulering: Vilket gap existerar mellan revisionsbyråers förväntningar och nyutexaminerade ekonomers erhållna kompetens, ställt mot den kompetensen som erhållits från en ekonomiutbildning på kandidatnivå? Syfte: Studien syftar i att utforska hur väl förbereda nyutexaminerade ekonomer är utifrån revisionsbyråernas förväntningar på deras kompetens. Samt om det finns en eventuell avsaknad på den förväntade kompetensen ställt mot akademins utbildning, genom att undersöka om den kompetens som nyutexaminerade ekonomer erhållit från sin utbildning överensstämmer med vad medlemmar i redovisningskollegiet anser att de ska ha erhållit vid examen. Metod: I studien har en kvalitativ metod använts och det empiriska materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. De intervjuade informanterna representerar tre olika grupper: rekryteringsansvariga, revisorsassistenter samt medlemmar i ett redovisningskollegie på en högskola. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns en förväntan på att de nyutexaminerade ekonomerna ska besitta grundläggande redovisningskunskaper samt att det finns en klyfta mellan vilka färdigheter som ska erhållits vid examination från en ekonomiutbildning på kandidatnivå och vilka som därefter uppnås på revisionsbyråerna. Detta leder fram till att en förändring måste ske, antingen av utbildningsplanen eller av innehållet i utbildningen.
Background: As in previous years is The Big Four considered one of the 100 most attractive employers in Sweden, which indicates that it is still of great interest to work with auditing. Working with auditing means a teamwork, and an auditor can be seen as a link between the company they audit and the company's stakeholders. The Swedish title for certified public accountant is protected and requires both a theoretical and a practical education, in the form of bachelor’s degree in economics and additional theoretical education according with RI studies curricula and practical at an auditing firm. Previous research has highlighted the problem of differing perceptions of expectations from audit firms and the skills of newly graduated economists. Question: What gap exists between the auditing firms expectation and graduate economics view of acquired competence, compared to the competence gained from an bachelor of economics? Purpose: The study aims to explore how well prepared newly graduated economists are based on the auditing firms expectations of their competence. As well as whether there is a possible lack of the expected competence placed against the education of the academy, by examining whether the skills that newly graduated economists obtained from their education correspond to what members of the accounting college believe they should have obtained at the degree. Method: In this study, a qualitative method was used, and the empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviewees interviewed three different groups: recruiters, assistant auditors and faculty members of the Accounting College of a university. Results and conclusions: The results of the study shows that there is an expectation, that the newly graduated economists should possess basic accounting knowledge and that there is a gap between the received competences obtained at the examination from the bachelor studies and which are subsequently obtained at the accounting firms. A change needs to be made, either by the educational plan or by the content of the education.

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Giddy, Laurel Anne. "Does the provision of services for HIV positive patients, including the provision of antiretroviral therapy, meet the needs and expectations of employers in Knysna." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97237.

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In South Africa, the highest HIV prevalence is amongst young people, who may have the greatest potential to contribute to the country’s economy. South Africa has one of the world’s largest antiretroviral (ARV) rollout programs. Like all medications, ARVs need to be taken as prescribed to be safe and effective. Excellent adherence is necessary to ensure that drug resistance does not develop. HIV cannot be cured, and at present ARVs must be taken for the rest of the patient’s life. In the ARV clinic in Knysna, an unanticipated category of patients has been identified: those who “bounce” in and out of long term therapy. Not only do these patients put their own health at risk, but the development and transmission of drug resistant HIV threatens the potential treatment options of the whole community. One of the problems identified in recurrently defaulting patients, is the difficulty in maintaining long term adherence to an ARV treatment program, while in full time employment. This is because as time goes on, patients need to balance the need for ARV care, which has rigorous clinic attendance parameters, with work attendance. Many employees have only twelve days of paid sick leave per annum, and patients require an average of eleven clinic visits in the first six months of treatment. This qualitative study gauges whether the services provided to HIV positive people living in Knysna meets the needs of their employers. The study interviewed both employees and employers to gauge the effects of HIV on local businesses, and explored the knowledge and attitudes of employers towards services provided by the Knysna ARV program. Employers were asked to suggest ways in which the services could be improved to better meet their needs, and ultimately, the needs of their employees.

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Bergström, Emelie. "Bilismen ur ett genusperspektiv : En kvantitativ studie i Norrköping om mänsoch kvinnors förhållande till fordonet bil ochexisterande normer kring kvinnor och män." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119204.

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Denna studie syftar till att titta på bilismen, som bidrar till en stor miljöpåverkan, ur ett genusperspektiv. Den syftar även till att jämföra med tidigare studier för att titta på hur detta stämmer överens med norrköpingsbor. För att ta reda på detta har en kvantitativ studie i form av enkäter utförts med ett urval på 100 respondenter för att på så sätt representera Norrköping. Denna metod hjälpte till att svara på de ställda frågeställningarna. För att titta på sambanden mellan könen och mellan olika frågor i enkäten har ett chitvå-test utförts. Resultatet av studien visade på att förväntningar kring mäns och kvinnors beteende och relation till bilen som fordon existerar i Norrköping, men att vanorna kring bilanvändandet istället speglar en annan bild. Män och kvinnor förhåller sig till bilåkandet snarlikt och tänker på miljön, i relation till bilen, i lika stor utsträckning oberoende könstillhörighet. Resultaten pekar på att både kvinnor och män hög utsträckning anser att män är mer bilintresserade och att män är mer benägna att åka bil än vad kvinnor är. En del anser även att kvinnor bryr sig mer om miljön än vad män gör. Detta bekräftar existerande samhällsnormer som tidigare forskning stödjer. Resultaten visar dock att både män och kvinnor i Norrköping åker ungefärligt lika mycket respektive lite bil och tänker på miljön lika mycket respektive lite när de väljer att åka bil. Förväntningar kring män och kvinnor finns där, men detta visar sig då nödvändigtvis inte i själva agerandet.
This study aims is to look at car traffic, which contributes to a significant environmental impact, from a gender perspective. The purpose of the study is also to compare with previous studies and to analyze how this is corresponds with frame and situation of people living in Norrköping. In order to approach this suitably, a quantitative study in the form of surveys have been conducted - with a sample of 100 respondents to represent Norrkoping. This method assisted in the raised questions. To best get a perspective of correlation between the sexes and between different questions in the questionnaire, a chi-square test was applied. The results of the study showed that different expectations about men’s and women’s behavior and relationship to the usage of vehicles in society exists, in Norrköping, yet also that the habits around the usage reflects additional differences. Men and women have similar approaches to the usage of vehicles, with an environmental consciousness, with regards to the given car or such, in a comparable degree independent of their gender. This study has found that both men and women, to a notable degree, regard men to be more interested in cars and that they are more prone to drive one. It also shows that several of the respondents, regard women to be over-all more environmentally aware than men. This would align with the contemporary norms of society based on previous research. However, in contrast, the results also highlight that both genders, in Norrköping, spend the comparable amount of time driving a car and have similar awareness of environmental factors. The differences in the expectations around the given behavior of men and women are there but their reported behavior does not necessarily follow those predictions.

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Price, Emma Luthi. "CrashCourse Literature: Public Humanities by Reception." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8956.

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CrashCourse Literature and other educational YouTube videos are essential mechanisms for connecting students and the general public to the humanities. Public humanities projects are in an intellectual tug-of-war between what academia and the diverse developing public want them to be, but that contention can and should be mediated using new media tools like CrashCourse Literature. CrashCourse Literature's emphasis on bringing the reader to the text and the text to the reader, echoes the goals of reception theory. Reception theory focuses on finding meaning in a literary text using the reader's horizon of expectations more than an a traditional, essentialist, "original' reading of a text. Analyzing public humanities projects like CrashCourse Literature through the lens of reception theory can help to show why the public uses them to connect more fully with the humanities. Within the texts of the videos "Fate, Family, and Oedipus Rex: Crash Course Literature 202," "Shakespeare's Sonnets: Crash Course Literature 304", "Like Pale Gold--The Great Gatsby Part I: Crash Course English Literature #4," and "Was Gatsby Great? The Great Gatsby Part 2: Crash Course English Literature #5," I see two distinct levels of reception that influence and strengthen each other: 1. First level of reception: CrashCourse interacts with and refracts the texts they are explicating based on where the reader is in time and space. 2. Meta-reception: CrashCourse interacts and connects with the viewers of the video by interpreting their viewers' responses to said text. CrashCourse's use of popular culture references, references to current or familiar social, political, and cultural ideologies, jokes, validations of viewers previous literary experiences, informal language all situated well within sound academic scholarship constitute examples of first-level and meta-reception. CrashCourse Literature sees the humanities, and fictional literature in particular, as exercises in empathy. Accordingly, they treat their approach to the text (first-level reception) and their viewers response to the text (meta-reception) with the same empathetic care. Public humanities projects that use new media well, allow public access to and connection with scholarly discussion and information. If academic institutions want to continue humanities research and discussion in a way that keeps their publics enthusiastically engaged, they will find good tools in CrashCourse Literature, which is engaging precisely in the kind of intellectual work and dialogue the academic establishment needs in order to stay relevant and significant to the publics they serve.

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von, Heideken Hedda, and Nina Höglund. "E-commerce and its Effects on Commercial Real Estate and F&B : Space Conversions, the Optimal Meeting Place and Future Expectations on Development in Stockholm CBD." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254732.

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Abstract:

People are becoming more digital today, and are spending the majority of their time behindscreens. Because of this, the importance to socialize have become more prominent. In thisdigital era, more businesses are establishing online. A structural reformation in the retailmarket is inevitable. One of the reasons for this is the competition which comes frominternational competitor. Consumers can click home goods directly from internationallow-cost production actors. With this change, it has become harder for physical retailbusiness to become profitable. Even though the online retail market is blooming, there is stilla need for physical spaces in Stockholm, and this is because of webrooming and Halo effects.In combination to this, retailers desire fewer and smaller spaces. Further, the effectse-commerce has on physical retail have altered the way real estate owners establish theirspaces. Several real estate owners convert retail stores into food and beverage (F&B). TheF&B sector has become more important and prominent today because of its importance ofcreating a meeting place in today’s society. Due to this, the F&B market is saturated causingcannibalization between actors.The aim of this study is to explore and interpret qualitative data, based on interviews withbranch experts from real estate owners and consultants, retailers, researchers and F&B actors.Considering, if the online retail market affects the F&B market in Stockholm CBD. What willbe the future for physical retail and F&B spaces, based on the change in consumer behaviour?What is the relation between the expanding online market and the conversion from retail toF&B? What will happen when the market is saturated and how will the future meeting placebe established? The thesis will also be based on a case study of Sergelstan, a developmentproject in Stockholm CBD, owned and established by Vasakronan.The conclusion of the research is that e-commerce has an indirect impact on the F&B sector,based on direct effect from retail. The physical retail sector creates vacancy due to a changedconsumer behaviour, which enables other sectors to grow. Due to the importance of ameeting place for society, real estate owners have almost doubled their F&B supply in theCBD of Stockholm.
Dagens människor blir allt mer digitala och spenderar majoriteten av sin tid framför skärmar,så vikten att umgås blivit allt viktigare. Den digitala världen expanderar och allt fler företagöppnar online, vilket har skapat en oundviklig strukturell reform för detaljhandelsmarknaden.Konsumenterna kan klicka hem varor direkt från internationella lågprisaktörer som bidragittill att konkurrensen ökar på marknaden. Utvecklingen gör att det blir allt svårare för denfysiska detaljhandeln att bli lönsam. Trots att onlinehandeln är resultatrik, så finns detfortfarande ett behov av fysiska butiker i Stockholm bland annat på grund av webroomingoch Haloeffekt. En ökad e-handeln har bidragit till butikernas behov av fysiska ytor minskateller försvunnit. Effekterna av e-handeln på fysiska butiker har därmed skapat en förändringför fastighetsägare, däribland hur man väljer att etablera hyresgäster i sina kommersiellafastigheter. Flera fastighetsägare väljer att konvertera de fysiska butikerna till andra mergynnsamma sektorer, exempelvis mat och dryck (F&B). F&B sektorn har blivit viktigare ochmer betydelsefull idag, eftersom det skapar en mötesplats. En överetablering av F&B harmättat marknaden och istället skapat en kannibalisering mellan aktörerna.Syftet är att undersöka och tolka kvalitativa data, baserat på semistrukturerade intervjuer frånfastighetsägare och konsulter, forskare, detaljhandlare och F&B-aktörer. Frågan somundersöks i det här examensarbetet är om e-handeln påverkar F&B marknaden i Stockholmsstadskärna. Vad kommer att hända med de fysiska ytorna för butiker och F&B i framtiden,som grundar sig i ett förändrat konsumetbeteende? Vad är förhållandet mellan expansionenav e-handel och konvertering från fysisk butik till F&B? Vad kommer att hända närmarknaden är mättad och hur kommer den framtida mötesplatsen att utformas?Undersökningen baseras på en fallstudie av Sergelstan, ett kommersiellt fastighetsprojekt,som ägs och utvecklas av Vasakronan.Slutsatsen är att e-handeln har en indirekt påverkan på F&B. Den fysiska detaljhandelnskapar vakanta ytor på grund av ett förändrat konsumentbeteende, vilket möjliggör för andrasektor att växa. På grund av vikten av en mötesplats i dagens samhälle har en fördubbling avF&B skett i CBD Stockholm.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Met expectations'

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