Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MET matice'
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Šebela, Petr. "Ekologická analýza elektrotechnických výrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219278.
Full textHenry, Julie Leanna. "Mating-type Locus Characterization and Variation in Pyrenophora semeniperda." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5948.
Full textSicre, Marie-Alexandrine. "Echanges de matiere organique a l'interface air-mer." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066212.
Full textQuet, Aurélie. "Composites de friction à matrice céramique : relation composition / structure / comportement tribologique." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13512.
Full textC/C composites are nowadays the most suitable materials for needs of aircraft braking. However, they show a high wear during taxiing. SiC matrix composites are characterised by a smoothing of the wear peak noticed at low temperatures but they don't meet requirements of rejected take-off (RTO). The aim of this work is to put another carbide than SiC in the matrix of friction composites and to assess its influence on tribological properties of materials. C/C-ZrC and C/C-TiC composites were manufactured using RMI processing route (Reactive Melt Infiltration). Materials were characterised with mophological, chemical and structural analysis which reveal especially a decohesion between carbon phase and carbide phase. This gap can be limited using alloys as Zr-Si and Ti-Si alloys. Triboligical behaviour of the resulting materials was then investigated with an inertial dynamometer simulating brake stops. C/C-ZrC and C/C-TiC composites meet RTO requirements. Neverless, ZrC matrix composites have a high wear for high temperature brake stops linked to their oxidation behaviour. TiC matrix composites present moderate wear at high temperature and a lower wear at low temperature compared to C/C composites in relation to low friction coefficients
Cavallini, Claudia <1976>. "Un estere misto degli acidi ialuronico, butirrico e retinoico è in grado di agire come rimodellante inverso della matrice cellulare sui fibroblasti cardiaci." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5744/.
Full textMyocardial dysfunction resulting from myocardial infarction is a widespread and important cause of morbidity and mortality. Due to scar- and ischemia-related postinfarction events, clinical manifestations are enormous and heterogeneous. Damaged left ventricle undergoes progressive ‘‘remodelling’’, with myocyte slippage and fibroblast proliferation, resulting in distorted organ architecture and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are principally responsible for fibrosis; a scarring process characterized by excessive deposition of extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In the past year we’ve already explored new solution to this growing problem, and our effort focused on a chemical compound, HBR, able to improve the cardiac commitment of stem cells. HBR is a glycoconjugate of hyaluronan, butirric and retinoic acid. Our in vivo study showed that direct injection of HBR on infarcted heart is able, amongst other things, to reduce cardiac fibrosis. On the basis of this evidence, we did a step back, trying to discover pathways and cellular mechanisms involved in this reduced fibrosis in vivo, focusing on in vitro study on rat fibroblasts. Here we demonstrate that HBR was able to act directly on CFs limiting their activation and their biological activities. HBR acted on cell number, arresting cell proliferation, without any cytotoxic effects. Regarding ECM deposition, HBR lead a significative reduction of collagen deposition mediated by CFs. HBR acted on gene expression and protein synthesis, suppressing collagen gene expression, as well as myofibroblast differentiation through α-sma inhibition and promoting vasculogenesis (up regulation of VEGF), stem cell recruitment (up regulation of SDF) and had antifibrotic activity (downregulation of CTGF). HBR seems to modulate gene expression acting directly on HDAC proteins, effect probably due to BU moiety. The ability of our HBR to reduce fibrosis after MI, as demonstrated in our in vivo and in vitro study, opens an interesting therapeutic prospective.
Ramoni, Stefano <1978>. "Il ruolo delle cellule infiammatorie, delle citochine e delle metalloproteinasi di matrice nella pustolosi amicrobica delle pieghe e in altre dermatosi neutrofiliche." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3389/.
Full textFrisoni, Tommaso <1983>. "Trattamento della osteonecrosi della testa femorale con tecnica di medicina rigenerativa (concentrato midollare autologo, gel piastrinico e matrice ossea demineralizzata) in chirurgia mini invasiva." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7454/.
Full textBackground We aim to assess whether the use of core decompression and the application of autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) along with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is safe and effective and whether this technique is indicated in advanced stages. Methods Twenty-nine patients (30 hips) were enrolled in this clinical trial at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. In the same procedure bone marrow was aspirated and concentrated, then core decompression was performed and BMC mixed with DBM and PRF was introduced into the lesion. Patients were assessed postoperatively with X-Ray and MRI. Primary outcome was the survival rate of hips not converted to total hip arthroplasty (THA). The secondary outcomes were radiographic evolution and clinical symptoms evaluated with Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results Radiographic progression was found in 7 hips. There were complications in 2 hips (one fracture and one deep infection). Sixteen hips with successful treatment had good to excellent functional results at 2-year follow-up (HHS > 80). THA were indicated in 8 hips (27%). In failed cases, the Ficat stage was IIB in 6 and 1 IIA and III respectively in the other two patients. Conclusions The early outcomes of our procedure are similar compared to the literature with promising results in post collapse stages, particularly in young patients treated for haematological malignancies. However, a longer follow-up and more selective study criteria are needed to confirm the present data
Lawson, Jamie F. "The effects of pubertal timing and dominance on the mating strategy, appearance and behaviour of men." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/706.
Full textGuerreiro, Marco Alexandre Figueira Rodrigues. "Unveiling the mating system and genetic variability in the yeast Kwoniella mangroviensis using molecular approaches." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8288.
Full textIn fungi, sexual reproduction is orchestrated by genomic regions known as mating type loci (MAT), which can be defined by two physically unlinked sex determining regions (tetrapolar mating system) or a single locus (bipolar system). Kwoniella mangroviensis is a saprobic basidiomycetous yeast, belonging to the Kwoniella clade of the order Tremellales, which was described as possessing a bipolar mating-system, similar to the related pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii of the sister Filobasidiella clade. Studies aimed at elucidating the evolution of the MAT locus of these two Cryptococcus species of clinical importance, targeted several related saprobic species in the Kwoniella and Filobasidiella clades. An evolutionary model ensuing from those studies suggests that the tetrapolar mating-systems found in most species are ancestral and gave rise to the bipolar mating-system of C. neoformans by chromosomal rearrangements and fusion events. The present study comprised strains from the original work describing K. mangroviensis, as well as additional isolates from plant substrates in Europe and Africa. A multilocus sequence typing approach revealed genetic variability among those strains and led to the identification of two novel species closely related to K. mangroviensis: Kwoniella sp. A and Kwoniella sp. B. The mating system of K. mangroviensis and sibling species was further explored by a genetic approach based on sequencing of two MAT genes: STE20 and the divergently transcribed genes SXI1 and SXI2. The results obtained demonstrated tetrapolar mating systems in K. mangroviensis, as well as in Kwoniella sp. A and Kwoniella sp. B. Additionally, the MAT locus structure of K. mangroviensis was unveiled by sequencing a 43 kb genomic region containing the STE20 gene. Twelve genes also present in the MAT loci of related species were identified, and full synteny was found between K. mangroviensis and Cryptococcus heveanensis, a distant member of the Kwoniella clade. These findings provided novel insights into the evolution of MAT loci in basidiomycetous yeasts in the Tremellales.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - PTDC/BIA-MIC/113051/2009
Ferreira, Ana Cristina Andrejew. "O uso do computador como recurso mediador na disciplina de mat?matica no ensino m?dio." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2004. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3320.
Full textO prop?sito deste trabalho ? abordar o uso do computador como ferramenta auxiliar da aprendizagem Matem?tica no Ensino M?dio. Para isto foi levantado o uso de softwares, tutoriais, sites, applets, portais e planilha no ensino de Matem?tica. Baseando-se neste levantamento foram selecionados a Planilha do Excel e o Software Winmat para trabalhar com um grupo de alunos do Col?gio de Aplica??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os alunos desenvolveram as atividades com a ajuda de dois recursos (Planilha do Excel e o Software Winmat), baseados na Pedagogia Contempor?nea. Ap?s as atividades, os estudantes preencheram um question?rio sobre suas impress?es com respeito ao uso do computador na aprendizagem da Matem?tica no Ensino M?dio.
Di, Stasio Luca. "Effet de la microstructure sur le décollement à l'interface fibre/matrice dans les stratifiés à matrice polymère avec renfort en fibre soumis à traction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0229.
Full textThe main objective of the present work is to investigate the influence of the microstructure on debond growth along the fiber arc direction. To this end, models of 2-dimensional Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) of Uni-Directional (UD) composites and cross-ply laminates are developed. The Representative Volume Elements are characterized by different configurations of fibers and different damage states. Debond initiation is studied through the analysis of the distribution of stresses at the fiber/matrix interface in the absence of damage. Debond growth on the other hand is characterized using the approach of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), specifically through the evaluation of the Mode I, Mode II and total Energy Release Rate (ERR). Displacement and stress fields are evaluated by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) using the commercial solver Abaqus. The components of the Energy Release Rate are then evaluated using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT), implemented in a custom Python routine. The elastic solution of the debonding problem presents two different regimes: the open crack and the closed crack behavior. In the latter, debond faces are in contact in a region of finite size at the debond tip and it is known that stress and displacement fields at the debond tip present an oscillating singularity. A convergence analysis of the VCCT in the context of the FEM solution is thus required to guarantee the validity of results and represents the first step of the work presented in this thesis. Debond growth under remote tensile loading is then studied in Representative Volume Elements of: UD composites of varying thickness, measured in terms of number of rows of fibers; cross-ply laminates with a central 90° ply of varying thickness, measured as well in terms of number of rows of fibers; thick UD composites (modelled as infinite along the through-the-thickness direction). Different damage configurations are also considered, corresponding to different stages of transverse crack onset: non-interacting isolated debonds; interacting debonds distributed along the loading direction; debonds on consecutive fibers along the through-the-thickness direction. Finally, an estimation of debond size at initiation and of debond maximum size is proposed based on arguments from stress analysis (for initiation) and on Griffith's criterion from LEFM (for propagation)
Siblini, Ali. "Optimisation des antennes MARPEM (Matrice agile rayonnantes à pixel élaborés en Meta‐matériaux) par l’utilisation de formes d’ondes spécifique." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0061/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on a patent done at XLIM RF-Systems. Previous thesis focuses on the ARMA theoretical part and some validation in linear polarization. In this thesis we aimed to introduce the system ARMA to the circular polarization applications in general and to space applications especially. In the entire thesis circularly polarized ARMA with different architecture are achieved with the design of polarization circuits and power dividers. Beam forming of the wide Isoflux pattern with the axial ratio are presented, also scanning beams are achieved for far angles with good axial ratio. All the results are compared with the classical array antenna AESA. Manufacturing of circularly polarized ARMA and the polarization circuits and the power divider are done and the corresponding measurements are presented. Then in the perspectives different challenges are expected to be in a future work for enhancement of the whole ARMA system
Salih, Pola. "Kvällsmänniskor mer intelligenta än morgonmänniskor : Samband mellan IQ och dygnsrytm, IQ och sömnvanor, samt mellan kön och IQ." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30671.
Full textVilleneuve, Jean-Pierre. "Géochimie des composés organochlores dans l'environnement marin." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066153.
Full textPeters, Patricia L. "Assortative mating among men and women with histories of aggressive, withdrawn, and aggressive-withdrawn behaviour." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/NQ43579.pdf.
Full textBigot, Marianne. "Biogeochimie de la matiere organique dans l'estuaire du huang he et en mer de bohai." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066083.
Full textVermassen, Aurore. "Adaptation de Staphylococcus xylosus à la matrice carnée, impact des composés nitrosés et utilisation des sources de fer." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22535/document.
Full textStaphylococcus xylosus is used as starter culture in meat product for its role in the development of flavor and color. S. xylosus is characterized for its technological properties in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms for its adaptation in meat with or without nitrate and nitrite, frequently added in meat product, remained unknown. Global transcriptomic approaches were carried out to determine the molecular mechanisms. S. xylosus modulated the expression of 55 % of the genes to survive in a meat model. Many genes encoding proteins involved in glucose and gluconate catabolisms and peptidases were up expressed. In parallel, a lot of genes involved in amino acids synthesis were down regulated, probably due to their availability in the meat model. The meat model is a rich medium composed of various substrates and S. xylosus adapted its physiology through the transcriptional regulators CcpA and CodY. Finally, it responded to salt added in the meat model in overexpressing genes involved in mechanisms of osmoprotection, Na + and H + extrusion. S. xylosus modulated the expression of 24 % of the genes in presence of nitroso compounds in the meat model. These compounds generated a nitrosative stress. S. xylosus responded to this stress by over expressing genes involved in iron homeostasis through the derepression of the regulator Fur. It over expressed also genes encoding antioxidant enzymes through the derepression of the regulator PerR. Moreover, it over expressed genes involved in DNA and proteins repairs. Meat is rich in hemic and non-hemic iron. S. xylosus is able to grow in presence of ferritin, transferrin and potentially hemoproteins. Ferritin is one of preferential iron sources. An operon encoding potentially a membranous complex involved in oxydo-reduction reactions has been identified. A strain defective in the first gene of the operon confirmed that this complex could contribute to the iron acquisition from ferritin. This study revealed a global change in the gene expression of S. xylosus in the meat model; it highlighted ability of S. xylosus to mitigate nitrosative or osmotic stress, it characterised for the first time the capacity of a Staphylococcus to acquire ferritin-iron
Bressac, Matthieu. "Apports atmosphériques à l'océan : devenir du fer atmosphérique, interactions des particules avec la matière organique et conséquences sur l'export de carbone." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066016.
Full textCette thèse a pour but d’étudier l’impact des apports atmosphériques sur les cycles biogéochimiques et l’export de carbone à l’océan profond. Deux approches expérimentales complémentaires d’ensemencement artificiel au sein d’un assemblage naturel et en condition abiotique ont permis de démontrer l’importance des processus d’agrégation entre les particules lithogéniques et la matière organique dissoute (MOD) et ont confirmé le pouvoir « ballast » attribué à ces particules. Nous avons ainsi pu démontrer que le flux de carbone organique particulaire (COP) associé à ces particules pouvait représenter une part importante du flux global de COP engendré par ces dépôts atmosphériques. Cette « pompe à carbone lithogénique » peut donc être considérée comme une composante majeure de l’export de carbone dans les régions océaniques fortement soumises aux dépôts atmosphériques. L’influence de la MOD et le rôle des différents processus post-dépositionnels sur le devenir du fer dissous (DFe) d’origine atmosphérique dans l’eau de mer ont également été étudiés. De fortes interconnexions entre les processus post-dépositionnels, contrôlées par la MOD, ont induit une large gamme de dissolution du fer d’origine atmosphérique (un ordre de grandeur) dans des conditions biogéochimiques contrastées. Ces variations saisonnières sont telles que la non-prise en compte de ces processus post-dépositionnels fausse notre compréhension du rôle des apports atmosphériques sur le cycle du fer. Ainsi, les flux de DFe ne sont pas linéairement reliés aux flux atmosphériques démontrant l’inadéquation de l’utilisation d’une valeur absolue de solubilité du fer pour paramétrer les flux de fer biodisponible à l’océan
Al-Asadi, Hind. "Hur elever med matematiksvårigheter kan få stöd genom alternativa undervisningsmetoder : En studie gjorde med hjälp av dataprogrammet GeoGebra i ett sociokulturellt sammanhang." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14449.
Full textWillemin, Solenne. "Mécanismes de ruine d'un matériau CMC à fibres Hi-Nicalon S en oxydation / corrosion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0953.
Full textTo design and manufacture CMC structural components for aeronautics, Safran develops a new CMC grade, provided to resist severe combustion environments. Understanding this new composite material damaging and failure mechanisms is essential: environmental conditions, mechanical loading, and matrix damages, can lead to a decrease in its self-protective properties. The aim of this work is to identify prevailing high temperature degradation mechanisms of those MI SiC/SiC CMCs, depending of different thermal, mechanical and environmental stresses. To fulfill that outcome, a multi-scale approach was considered, by examining phenomena from single constituents to complex composite architecture (effects of constituents’ synergy). High temperature oxidation/corrosion behaviors of the composite material and each of its constituents were characterized, and modeled to meet representative combustion environment. Different operating areas of efficient self-protection of the composite material were therefore highlighted. In the same perspective, themomechanical behaviors of both matrix constituents and composite were experimentally explored, enabling the determination of behavior laws. Related degradations in the composite material were also analyzed. Crossing all results, it was thereby possible to evaluate kinetics and criticality of failure mechanisms: different damaging scenarios are thus proposed, depending on environmental conditions
Magnant, Jérôme. "Composites fibreux denses à matrice céramique autocicatrisante élaborés par des procédés hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14105/document.
Full textThe fabrication of multidirectional continuous carbon fibers reinforced dense self healing Ceramic Matrix Composites by new short time hybrid processes was studied. The processes developed are based, first, on the deposition of fiber interphase and coating by chemical vapor infiltration, next, on the introduction of ceramic powders into the fibrous preform by Slurry Impregnation and, finally, on the densification of the composite by liquid-phase Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or by Reactive Melt Infiltration of silicon (RMI).The homogeneous introduction of the ceramic particles into the multidirectional fiber preforms was realized by slurry impregnation from highly concentrated (> 32 %vol.) and well dispersed aqueous colloid suspensions. The densification of the composites by spark plasma sintering was possible with a short (< 5 minutes) dwelling period in temperature. The chemical degradation of the carbon fibers during the fabrication was prevented by adapting the sintering pressure cycle to inhibit gas evolution inside the system. The composites elaborated are dense. The fully densification of the composites by RMI was realised by carefully controlling the impregnation parameters to avoid to entrap some gaseous species inside the fiber preforms. Our carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering or Reactive Melt Infiltration have a damageable mechanical behaviour with a room temperature bending stress at failure around 300 MPa and have shown their ability to self-healing in oxidizing conditions. Compared to the CMC processed by CVI, the composites processed with a final consolidation step by RMI are fully dense and have a similar room temperature tensile test behaviour with an ultimate tensile stress around 220 MPa
Peignon, Grégory. "Adhésion cellulaire et différenciation entérocytaire : rôle de la E-cadhérine ?" Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066344.
Full textLiu, Yu. "Etude d'interface entre matrice polymère et renforts à base de carbone, à l'aide d'observations multiéchelles et multimodales en microscopie électronique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC059/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to investigate the multiscale (nano-, micro-, and macro-scopic) behavior of the composites based on a fine investigation using the most modern techniques, to understand the interfaces and to quantify them. Two series of reinforcements on a micrometer scale, carbon fibers (CFs) and graphene-based materials, were studied here. To improve the interactions between these nanofillers and the surrounding polymer matrix, two major routes were used in this thesis: the oxidation of the fillers and the grafting of carbon nanotubes on their surface.The study itself was conducted on a microscopic scale on the interfacial strength between CFs and the epoxy matrix, with tensile tests carried out in-situ in the chamber of a double-column FIB-SEM microscope (scanning electron microscope coupled to a focused ion beam). The ion beam was used to mill a thin bond-shaped tensile specimen of composite containing both an epoxy and a CF part. Thetensile stress field was applied using the nanomanipulator and the test was observed both via the ionic and the electronic columns (with two different angles of view) to estimate the strain field, hence the interfacial strength when the failure is observed. A similar experiment was led on a composite with GNPs.Finally, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the interface region between the epoxy and the graphene-based nanofillers revealed the existence of an interphase and allowed to measure its thickness and give an indication of its nature. For this purpose, an EELS (electron energy-loss spectroscopy) analysis was carried out, making it possible to measure the density of the sample very locally (probe size of the order of a tenth of a nanometer) across or parallelly to an interface. A scenario on the chemical bonding modes between the two media as a function of the surface treatment used makes it possible to explain the nature of the observed interphases
Liu, Wei. "Influence de la mousson et des changements du niveau marin sur la sédimentation hémipélagique en Mer de Timor au cours des derniers 240 ka." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066522.
Full textLaffont, Lydia. "Structure et propriétés physiques de matériaux polyaromatiques par MET, EELS, et RX." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30129.
Full textBontorin, Guilherme. "Matrice d'électrodes intelligentes : un outil pour améliorer les performances spatiotemporelles des systèmes hybrides (vivant-artificiel), en boucle fermée et en temps réel." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561026.
Full textLiégaut, Caroline. "Élaboration de composites à matrice céramique ultra-réfractaire résistants aux très hautes températures sous flux gazeux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0035/document.
Full textSince many decades, Carbon/Carbon composites are used as structural parts in rocket engines due to their excellent thermomechanical properties. However, under highly oxidizing/corrosive atmosphere and high gas flow rates, carbon suffers from severe oxidation. To improve oxidation resistance of these composites, Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) can be used as a protection. To protect the whole composite, the introduction of UHTC as a matrix has been done using a liquid phase process combining: (i) slurry infiltration process and (ii) reactive melt infiltration. Matrix constituents belong to the (B;C;Si;Zr) system. Material characterisation allowed a better understanding of the infiltration mechanisms and of the phase distribution and composition in respect to the processing conditions. To select the best composition, oxyacetylene torch testing has been done to recreate spacecraft launch environmental conditions. Post-test characterisation has been done to evaluate protection efficiency of each matrix composition for single use and possible reuse. Finally, advantages and drawbacks assessment of each composition allowed to highlight the most protective composition and phase distribution
VanderLaan, Doug P., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Elucidating the origins of heterosexual sex differences in mating psychology by examining the behaviour of homosexual men and women." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/674.
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Sadouni-Barbedette, Naima. "Contribution à l'étude de la biogéochimie de la Mer Noire nord-ouest : approche par les biomarqueurs." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066326.
Full textVéron, Alain. "Dynamique du transfert du plomb dans l'océan atlantique Nord-Est depuis l'atmosphère jusqu'au sédiment." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112025.
Full textCruz, ?ngela Maria Fagundes da. "Utiliza??o de s?lica gel organofuncionalizada para adsor??o de ?ons met?licos em solu??o aquosa." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17622.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In this work the organosilanes aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltryethoxisilane and n[-3-(trimetoxisilyl)propyl]ethylenetriamine, as well as tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS), were employed to produce, by sol-gel method, organofuncionalized silicon samples. The prepared samples were characterized by elementar analys by thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Those samples were employed to adsorb Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions (10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg L-1). In typical experiments, 50 mg of the organometrix was suspended in 20 mL of metal cation solutions at four different contact times: 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The total amount of adsorbed cations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. To all investigated matrices, the following adsorption capacity was observed: Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. Such sequence is closely related with the cation radius, as well as the cation hardness
No presente trabalho, cinco matrizes de s?lica organofuncionalizadas foram sintetizadas com os agentes sililantes aminopropiltrietoxisilano, 3-mercaptopropiltrietoxissilano e n[-3- (trimetoxissilil)propil]etilenotriamina. As matrizes h?bridas foram sintetizadas e caracterizadas por an?lise elementar, por an?lise t?rmica e espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho. Ap?s sua caracteriza??o as matrizes foram utilizadas como adsorventes para as esp?cies qu?micas Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+ em solu??o aquosa. Para os testes utilizou-se 50 mg de cada matriz h?brada de s?lica-gel organofuncionalizada para adsor??o dos ?ons em solu??o aquosa com concentra??es de 10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mg L-1. Os tempos de contato foram de 30, 60, 90 e 120 min, nos quais as misturas eram mantidas sob agita??o. Decorrido cada tempo, as concentra??es de equil?brio eram determinadas a partir de medidas de espectrometria de absor??o at?mica. A partir dessas medidas foi poss?vel determinar a quantidade de ?ons adsorvidos para cada um dos elementos em estudo e relacionar essas quantidades em rela??o ao tempo de contato e ao tipo de matriz. Para todas as matrizes investigadas seguiu-se a ordem de adsor??o: Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. A sequ?ncia de adsor??o ocorre de acordo como raio e dureza do c?tion
Aljewifi, Hana. "Etude du comportement mécanique à l’arrachement de fils multi-filamentaires enrobés dans une matrice cimentaire et influence de l’imprégnation." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0551/document.
Full textThis research deals with multi-filaments glass yarns used as reinforcement of cement based materials. It focuses on the mechanical interactions of these yarns, made of thousands of micrometric filaments, with a micro-concrete and on the specific part of the impregnation of the yarn by the cementitious matrix. Modulated impregnation conditions of the yarns were obtained by using three different manufacturing processes for the samples preparation. The impregnation of 5 multi-filament yarns by the cementitious matrix has been characterized and physical parameters of impregnation were determined using SEM investigations, mercury intrusion porosity measurements and specific tests of flow all along the embedded yarn. Classical pull-out tests have been used for the mechanical characterisation. The study of the links between the mechanical properties and the physical parameters of impregnation allowed accessing a better understanding of the filaments / cementitious matrix interaction micro-mechanisms, and explaining the macroscopic pull-out behaviour
Pannimpullath, Remanan Renosh. "Characterisation of the coupling between oceanic turbulence and the variability of coastal waters optical properties using in situ measurements and satellite data." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10036/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand the coupling processes between turbulence and particulate matter (suspended sediment and phytoplankton). The first part of the thesis is on in situ measurements performed under different meteorological situations. We selected the attenuation coefficient as a proxy for the total concentration of particles and in situ measurement of particle size distribution (PSD) spectrum. This study showed that the dynamics of the PSD is controlled by many oceanographic parameters such as tidal currents, waves and turbulence. We also studied the multifractal characteristics of these PSD for various size classes (silt, fine, coarse and macro particles). For that, we used Empirical Mode of Decomposition along with the Hilbert Spectral Analysis. The second part of the thesis focuses on the multi-scale analysis of satellite ocean colour and SST images. The spatial heterogeneity of oceanic scalars (phytoplankton and sea surface temperature) under the turbulence influence is considered at different scales. This method also works with images having missing data. Finally, this methodology using 2D structure functions, was applied to real images of Chl-a, SST, Rrs-443 and Rrs-555. It is possible to characterize, for all spatial scales and all intensities, the heterogeneities and intermittencies of the studied scalar fields, using a few parameters (2 parameters in the framework of the lognormal approximation). The values of these parameters, for 7 different locations, are discussed and compared
Fouet, Julie. "Contribution à l'étude de films ultra-minces de siliciures (Pd, Ni) : texture et propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921219.
Full textCottance, Myline. "Contribution au développement d'interfaces neuro-électroniques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1105/document.
Full textThe work lead during this thesis deals with microfabrication of neuro-electronic interfaces for neuroscience applications. We have chosen to focus on motor and sensory function rehabilitations by developing Micro-Electrode Arrays (MEA) respectively, rigid neural probes and flexible retinal implants. According to the targeted applications, two types of substrates have been used to achieve these MEA. For analysis or in vitro experiments, neural probes MEA have been realized on rigid substrates such as silicon or glass whereas for in-vivo experiments, retinal implants MEA have been realized on flexible substrates such as biocompatible polymers (polyimide or parylene). These MEA were made with different electrode materials (boron doped diamond, platinum, black platinum and gold) which have been tested to determine their capability in recording and/or stimulation. Moreover, with numerical modelling work, we have validated a tridimensional geometry concept with a ground grid which permits a more local stimulation of cells. This thesis has contributed to stabilize different fabrication processes to obtain more repeatable MEA and also to improve their yield. It also allowed the set-up of a follow-up and an experimental protocol to insure MEA traceability and to monitor their performances at each step since their fabrication through means of electrochemical techniques (CV, EIS) to in vitro and in-vivo biological experiments
Zegouagh, Yahya. "Etude de la matiere organique dans les sediments recents de differents environnements marins (mer de laptev, mer de chine est, upwelling nord-ouest africain) : sources, processus de formation de la fraction refractaire." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066371.
Full textAl, Adhami Hala. "Identification d’un réseau de gènes soumis à empreinte génomique parentale et son rôle dans le contrôle des transitions entre prolifération, quiescence et différenciation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20136.
Full textGenomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism leading to the repression of one allele of a gene, depending on its parental origin. This mechanism affects a small number of genes in metatherian and eutherian mammals. These genes, named imprinted genes (IGs), display various molecular functions and thus seem unrelated. However, their alterations are frequently associated with the control of embryonic growth and tumorigenesis. My PhD project has consisted in demonstrating a functional link between IGs. We show that IGs are frequently co-expressed and belong to a common gene network. They are co-regulated in biological situations corresponding to the transitions between different cellular states. Coordinated induction of most IGs takes place at the outputs of the cell cycle. Loss and gain of function experiments of several IGs in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model demonstrate a role of the IG network in controlling transitions between cellular states (proliferation, quiescence and differentiation). In addition to IGs, this network also includes bi-allelic genes, with many extracellular matrix genes. Therefore, the function associated with the IG network could be the fine control of transitions between cellular states through a remodeling of the extracellular matrix.To conclude, in addition to the identification of a common cellular function for IGs, our results suggest a possible scenario for the targeting of these genes by parental genomic imprinting during mammalian evolution
Liu, Yang. "‘Tri-3D’ electron microscopy tomography by FIB, SEM and TEM : Application to polymer nanocomposites." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0076/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the characterization and quantification of the 3D distribution of different types of fillers (nanoparticles, nanotubes, etc.) in polymer matrices. We have essentially used tomography techniques in electron microscopy. Multiple approaches to electron tomography were performed: FIB-SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope) tomography, SEM tomography and TEM (transmission electron microscope) tomography. Polymer nanocomposites are basically synthesized in order to improve the physical properties (mechanical, electric, etc.) of the pure polymer constituting the matrix, by a controlled addition of fillers at the nanoscale. The characterization of such materials and the establishment of accurate correlations between the microstructure and the modified properties require a three-dimensional approach. According to the nanometric size of the fillers, electron microscopy techniques are needed. Two systems of polymer nanocomposites have been studied by multiple electron tomography approaches: P(BuA-stat-S)/MWNTs (statistical copolymer poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and P(BuA-stat-MMA)/SiO2 (statistical copolymer poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) reinforced by silica nanoparticles). By combining various techniques, the characterization and the quantification of nanofillers were possible. In particular, statistics about size, distribution and volume fraction of the fillers were measured. This study has then provided 3D information, which contributes to a better understanding of properties of the nanocomposites. Attention has been paid to analyze carefully original data, and artifacts and causes of errors or inaccuracy were considered in the 3D treatments. We also attempted to compare benefits and drawbacks of all techniques employed in this study, and perspectives for future improvements have been proposed
Decavallas, Oreste. "Etude de l'alimentation dans le domaine égéen au Néolithique et à l'Age du bronze à partir de l' analyse chimique de résidus organiques conservés dans les poteries." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30048.
Full textChemical analysis of the amorphous organic matter preserved in archaeological pottery can inform us about subsistence in societies of the past, while it also sheds light on the role of ceramics in relation to the use of natural resources. As the potential of this type of methodologies was still little exploited in the field of aegean prehistory and protohistory, a large scale project was undertaken, aiming to obtain information on diet on a wide geographical and chronological span. Sampled among the ceramic material from 38 sites distributed all over the aegean world, from its northern fringes to Crete, and covering the periods from Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age, 858 objects were studied by gas chromatography, coupled, when necessary, to mass spectrometry. These analyses allowed us to identify a range of organic materials of various animal and plant origins (animal fats, in some cases deriving from dairy products, beeswax, plant oils, coniferous resin, birch bark tar), in relation to ceramics of different forms and styles. By providing information concerning the exploitation of various natural resources in the different regions of the aegean world through the successive pre- and protohistoric periods, these results complete the knowledge acquired via the “traditional” methods of macro- and microscopic study of archaeological material. They also deliver new and concrete elements regarding the use of various types of pottery
Trinkler, Nolwenn. "La guérison coquillère : un mécanisme de défense de la palourde japonaise Ruditapes philippinarum face au Vibrio tapetis dans le cadre de la maladie de l’anneau brun." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2045.
Full textSince 1987, the Manila clam is prone to a recurrent infection: the Brown Ring Disease (BRD), caused by the bacterium Vibrio tapetis. This infection is characterized by the formation of a brown ring on the inner face of the valves and often provokes the death of the clam after the invasion of its circulatory system by the bacterium. However, some specimens can recover of this infection by mineralizing a new shell layer which covers the brown ring. The aim of this PhD study is to understand and to characterize how these Manila clams are able to resist to the BRD, principally in studying the mechanism of the shell repair. For this, some techniques like the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the confocale Raman microspectrometry, the WDS microprobe, as well as cellular staining, biochemical and the serology were used. The repair layer is composed by aragonite, polyenes, luminescent molecules on Raman spectra and sulphated molecules. The microstructure of the shell repair is often different from the non-BRD-affected inner layer one and shows a great variability. Furthermore, the shell organic matrix of the shell repair is quantitatively and qualitatively different from of the non-BRDaffected inner layer one and shows equally a great variability. Those non-BRD-affected versus repaired differences and those variabilities could be explained by a modification of the secretory regime of calcifying mantle cells, as well as a mobilisation of hemocytes beforehand charged in insoluble calcium carbonate salts at the level of the shell repair zones
Abdoun, Oussama. "Analyse spatiotemporelle de données MEA pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'activité de la moelle épinière et du tronc cérébral immatures chez la souris." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR15266/document.
Full textImmature neural networks generate a peculiar type of activity that persists even in the absence of electrical inputs and was termed for this reason “endogenous”or “spontaneous”. This activity is ubiquitous and was found involved in a wide range of developmental events. In vitro, it can be observed as calcium or electrical waves propagating over great distances, often invading the whole preparation,but its dynamics remain poorly described. In order to somewhat fill this gap,we used multielectrode arrays (MEAs) to characterise the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the mouse developing spinal cord, in both acute and cultured isolated hindbrain-spinal cord preparations.To extract relevant information from the massive amounts of data yielded by MEA recordings, adapted analysis tools are needed. Thus, we have developedmethods for the detection, classification and mapping of spatiotemporal patternsof activity in multichannel data. Our mapping approach is based on the thin plates pline interpolation and includes the possibility to combine maps of activity with anatomical or stained data for multimodal imaging.These methods allowed us to analyse in great detail the evolution of spontaneousactivity at early stages (E12.5–E15.5). In addition, we have localised theinitiation site of E14.5 activity in the medulla and shown that it matches a densemidline population of serotoninergic neurons, suggesting a new role for 5-HTpathways in the maturation of spinal networks. Finally, we have recorded andtracked spontaneous limb movements of E14.5 embryos and found that features of motility were consistent with patterns of spinal activity
Wang, Wei. "Etude des mécanismes de recristallisation de nouveaux alliages à base de Ni." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024285.
Full textChapalain, Marion. "Dynamique des matières en suspension en mer côtière : caractérisation, quantification et interactions sédiments/matière organique." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0010/document.
Full textThe knowledge of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and turbidity dynamics in coastal waters is essential for studying marine ecosystems. Flocculation/deflocculation processes are crucial mechanisms controlling the dynamics of SPM physical characteristics and thus, the fate of these SPM in the environment. This PhD thesis focuses on the SPM characteristics and their dynamics in coastal waters, from tidal to annual scales, in response to hydrodynamic, hydrological and biological forcing that take place at the interface between estuaries and coastal seas. To this end, optical and acoustic sensors were deployed in situ through 6 field campaigns in 2016, in order to characterize and quantify SPM in the water column, near the mouth of the Seine estuary (France). A critical analysis of LISST-100X measurements in coastal waters is presented. The quantification of uncertainties on SPM concentration measurements is investigated: it highlights the crucial effect of salt retention, and the need for a minimum mass to filter, around 10 mg. A method for estimating an optimal filtration volume based on a reference turbidity measurement is proposed. High frequency measurements show that the dynamics of SPM and median diameter are controlled by the advection-flocculationsedimentation-resuspension cycle.These results allow to classify the factors controlling flocculation processes. Turbulence is identified as the main factor at the semi-diurnal and semi-lunar tidal scales, as the maximum median size of flocs decreases when the tidal currents intensify.At the seasonal scale, the variation of SPM characteristics (size, density, settling velocity) is correlated to the variability of the organic matter (OM) content: in particular, flocculation is enhanced by an increase of the particular OM fraction. The resulting larger and lesser dense flocs are also more resistant to the fragmentation induced by shear. This work also investigates the fractal approach applied to flocs. The fractal dimension variability, calculated by combining in situ data of SPM concentration and particle size distribution, can be associated to variations of the SPM composition, but can also result from uncertainties linked to instrument limitations. The latter are discussed in this PhD thesis. The seasonal variability of SPM characteristics is more pronounced offshore than at the mouth of the Seine estuary. From short-term observations in the Seine Bay and from long-term series in the Belgian coastal zone provided by the RBINS, optical turbidity and acoustic backscatter measurements are combined. They highlight an increase of the acoustic backscatter intensity when mean floc density
Qiu, Yunjia. "Biogeochimie de la matiere organique dans l'estuaire du changjiang et la mer de chine de l'est : sources et comportement des hydrocarbures et des acides gras." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066295.
Full textAboud, Nidal Al. "Observation et quantification des mécanismes de pression-dissolution dans un réservoir gréseux." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-173-174.pdf.
Full textSharedeh, Diaa. "Analyse du transfert de matière et des modifications biochimiques et structurales du tissu musculaire lors du marinage, saumurage et malaxage des viandes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22573/document.
Full textMarinating and brining improve shelf-life, tenderness and juiciness of meat and fish. As a supplement massaging or tumbling is often applied to meat pieces before cooking. The main aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the processing conditions on the biochemical and structural changes in the meat tissue; a great part is focused on massaging. In the marinating trials the pH and NaCl content of thin samples of beef Semimembranosus muscle were set at 6.5, 5.4 or 4.3 and at 0,9 or 2 % (w/w), respectively; an ANOVA have shown the effect of these two parameters on the cells and extra cellular space sizes, the oxidation of lipids and proteins and the protein surface hydrophobicity. A brining-massaging simulator built by the laboratory was used to apply controlled successions of deformations (number from 350 to 2500, compression ratio from 10 to 30 %) to Semimembranosus (SM) ou Rectus femoris (RF) pork muscles. Mechanical treatments similar to those existing in industrial tumblers of various diameters were so reproduced. The main conclusions are: (1) massaging clearly increases the NaCl apparent diffusivity, on the one hand, by a modifying the tissue structure (+20%) and, on the other hand, by adding convection to diffusion (+200%); (2) the mechanical treatment promotes by itself an increase in protein solubility, known to affect processed meat quality, from 20 to 50 % in comparison with salted or unsalted reference samples; (3) it also increases moderately protein hydrophobicity; (4) the endomysium degradation, used as an indicator of structural changes, was more pronounced in the muscle periphery than in the middle and all the more marked than massaging was strong and long
Djaoudi, Kahina. "Rôle de l'apport atmosphérique sur les processus de biodégradation et la stoechiométrie de la matière organique dissoute en mer Méditerranée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0074/document.
Full textEstablishing a link between atmospheric deposition and the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in the Mediterranean Sea is currently hampered by: (1) a poor knowledge on the surface dissolved phosphate (P) pool, mainly due to low concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), (2) a critical lack of data on atmospheric fluxes of organic C, N and P and (3) the lack of information on their bioavailability. This PhD thesis aimed at filling these gaps. (1) Relying upon a sensitive determination of DIP, the coverage of the valid dissolved organic phosphate data was enhanced up to 70%, revealing a vertical pattern in the dissolved phosphate biogeochemistry in surface waters. (2) Atmospheric fluxes of soluble organic C, N and P were quantified and were 59 mmol C m-2 yr-1, 16.4 mmol N m-2 yr-1 and 23.6 μmol P m-2 yr-1, respectively. The contribution of the organic fraction to the total atmospheric fluxes of N and P was of 40% and 25%, respectively. The labile fraction of atmospheric deposition of organic phosphate was also quantified during the study period and showed a wide variability, ranging from 0 to 97%. (3) The bioavailability of atmospheric organic matter was experimentally assessed. DOM contained in a Saharan rainwater could support the activity of marine heterotrophic bacteria, with an amount of labile carbon of 29%. The labile fraction of carbon contained in desert dust and anthropogenic aerosols was also substantial, 26 ± 2% and 15 ± 5%, respectively. The results obtained from this PhD thesis emphasize the non-negligible character of atmospheric deposition and highlight the key role that this external source could have on the oceanic DOM cycle
BAKER, MOHAMED. "Estimation du bilan de matiere dans l'ecosysteme pelagique en mer ligure (mediterranee occidentale) : 1) application aux missions dyfamed et trophos ii; 2) etude experimentale sur les salpes." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066025.
Full textGarcette-Lepecq, Anouk. "Origines et dégradation des lipides libres et liés et mécanismes de formation de la fraction "Kerogen-like" dans des sédiments récents de la mer noire nord-occidentale." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066128.
Full textMathouraparsad, Sébastien. "Sur la modélisation et la préparation de la politique économique des régions ultrapériphériques d'Europe : le cas des Départements d'Outre-Mer." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0411/document.
Full textIn the case of the French overseas regions, particularly of Guadeloupe, which are just beginning to experiment with economic policies radical reforrns, the development of a macroeconomic simulation tool such as a CGE model appears naturally as a highly desirable requirement. The use of the construction of specifie models for DOM is fully consistent with a major finding of the report commissioned by the Senate in the aftermath of the social crisis of the early 2009. As a malter of facts, the purpose of the calls for project initiated by the European Commission and the Ministry of Overseas is to remedy this deficiency, since the RUP economie policy is generally to conduct no investigation tool ex ante. We designed several models. Among them, CloDyn is the first operational DOM-based macroeconomic rnodel. Composed of more than 2000 equations, this computable general equilibrium model takes into account many rigidities in the markets for goods and services and labor and is available in two versions: static and dynamic. Elasticities have been econometrically estimated. lt rests on many features of both taxation (dock dues, fuel tax, export subsidies) and the cost factors (exemption from charges on low wages, remuneration of civil servants). Il is based on a formalization of the mechanisms at work in these economies we calied the DOM disease to explain the persistent failures in such economies. lt also evaluates the monetary poverty among households with the use of a block of microsimulation model and we allow a profane in GAMS to use this tool and conduct its own analytical work thanks to a user friendly interface