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Journal articles on the topic 'Meta-analysis and systematic review'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 September 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Jiang, Xia. "The field of biomedicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 5, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/098.

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Crowther, Mark, Wendy Lim, and Mark A. Crowther. "Systematic review and meta-analysis methodology." Blood 116, no. 17 (October 28, 2010): 3140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-280883.

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Abstract Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are being increasingly used to summarize medical literature and identify areas in which research is needed. Systematic reviews limit bias with the use of a reproducible scientific process to search the literature and evaluate the quality of the individual studies. If possible the results are statistically combined into a meta-analysis in which the data are weighted and pooled to produce an estimate of effect. This article aims to provide the reader with a practical overview of systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, with a focus on the process of performing a review and the related issues at each step.
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Delgado-Rodríguez, M., and M. Sillero-Arenas. "Systematic review and meta-analysis." Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) 42, no. 7 (October 2018): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medine.2017.10.012.

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Delgado-Rodríguez, M., and M. Sillero-Arenas. "Systematic review and meta-analysis." Medicina Intensiva 42, no. 7 (October 2018): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2017.10.003.

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Kamal, Faisal, Muhammad Ali Khan, Raseen Tariq, Mohammad K. Ismail, Claudio Tombazzi, and Colin W. Howden. "Systematic review and meta-analysis." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 32, no. 6 (June 2020): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000001738.

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Chalhoub, Jean M., Hussein H. Rimmani, Vivek V. Gumaste, and Ala I. Sharara. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 23, no. 8 (August 2017): 1316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mib.0000000000001203.

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Narula, Neeraj, Zain Kassam, Yuhong Yuan, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Cyriel Ponsioen, Walter Reinisch, and Paul Moayyedi. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 23, no. 10 (October 2017): 1702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mib.0000000000001228.

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Vetter, Thomas R. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Anesthesia & Analgesia 128, no. 3 (March 2019): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004014.

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Zhang, Xiao-Hong, and Hui-Min Liang. "Systematic review with network meta-analysis." Medicine 98, no. 30 (July 2019): e16360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000016360.

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Moole, Harsha, Matthew L. Bechtold, David Forcione, and Srinivas R. Puli. "A meta-analysis and systematic review." Medicine 96, no. 3 (January 2017): e5154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000005154.

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Lee, D. W., M. Jung, H. Won Wang, Z. Khan, and P. Pinton. "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH NETWORK META-ANALYSIS." Journal of Hypertension 37 (July 2019): e173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000572220.96384.d4.

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Zhu, Gui-Qi, Jie You, Ke-Qing Shi, Sun-Yue He, Li-Ren Wang, Yong-Ping Chen, Martin Braddock, and Ming-Hua Zheng. "Systematic Review With Network Meta-Analysis." Medicine 94, no. 1 (January 2015): e379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000000379.

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Hughes, Edward. "Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 14, no. 02 (May 1996): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016324.

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Mittal, Neeti, Manoj Goyal, and Parteek K. Mittal. "Understanding and Appraising Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 5 (January 1, 2017): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.5.317.

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Systematic reviews and meta-analysis seek to answer a pre-framed research question to lead to a valid answer through a systematic, explicit and reproducible method of locating; identifying, including and appraising appropriate trials. The results are synthesized considering the methodological rigor of included trials. While the meta-analysis quantitatively pools the results from individual included studies, the systematic review summarizes the findings as qualitative conclusions. These reviews are crux of evidence based dentistry for various stake-holders, i.e., clinicians, researchers and policy-makers. Although the meticulous methodology of systematic review and meta-analysis minimizes the elements of bias, yet the validity and reliability of their findings should be explored prior to translating their conclusions to practice. The goal of this paper is to familiarize readers with rationale, conduct and appraisal of systematic review and meta-analysis. Further, guidance is provided on tracing potential elements of bias in the review to enable readers to judge the quality of evidence generated from the review.
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LEWIS, G., R. CHURCHILL, and M. HOTOPF. "EDITORIAL: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 27, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291796004291.

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Conclusions about medical interventions or the causes of disease are based upon reviews of the scientific literature. Single studies usually have limited statistical power or may be difficult to interpret or generalize and so the findings from a single study can rarely justify a change in clinical practice or in an aetiological theory. Even when planning larger studies or mega-trials (Yusuf et al. 1984), a thorough review of existing literature is needed and the results of the study need to be placed in that context, though single studies can exert an important and powerful influence.
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Kim, Hyun Jung, and Hyeong Sik Ahn. "Critical Appraisal of Systematic Review/Meta-analysis." Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 15, no. 2 (2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2015.15.2.73.

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Pierce, Grant N., Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva, Stephanie PB Caligiuri, and Andrea L. Edel. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Flaxseed." Journal of Nutrition 145, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 2630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.214841.

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18

Tikito, Iman, and Nissrine Souissi. "Meta-analysis of Systematic Literature Review Methods." International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2019.02.03.

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19

Fowlie, PW. "Prophylactic indomethacin: systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Pediatrics 129, no. 3 (September 1996): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70092-6.

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Meyer, Nathalie, Bart Vinck, and Barbara Heinze. "cVEMPs: A systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Audiology 54, no. 3 (December 9, 2014): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2014.971468.

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LP, Wong. "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: A GLOSSARY." Journal of Health and Translational Medicine 10, no. 1 (June 25, 2007): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jummec.vol10no1.2.

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Fowlie, P. W. "Prophylactic indomethacin: systematic review and meta-analysis." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 74, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): F81—F87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.74.2.f81.

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Ahn, EunJin, and Hyun Kang. "Introduction to systematic review and meta-analysis." Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 71, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2018.71.2.103.

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Davalos-Soria, Diana, Arantxa Mares-Chiyón, and Romina A. Tejada. "Use of meta-analysis in systematic review." AIDS 33, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 764–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002106.

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Yu, Chen, Yuelun Zhang, Qiao Yang, Peter Lee, John Albert Windsor, and Dong Wu. "An Updated Systematic Review With Meta-analysis." Pancreas 50, no. 2 (February 2021): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpa.0000000000001734.

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Kawalec, Paweł, Anna Paszulewicz, Przemysław Holko, and Andrzej Pilc. "Systematic review/Meta-analysis Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis." Archives of Medical Science 5 (2012): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2012.31610.

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Zuluaga Ramírez, Germán, Iván Sarmiento Combariza, Juan Pimentel González, and Neil Andersson. "Asociación entre la exposición al frío y el asma: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis, 1965-2015." Salud Uninorte 36, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.36.1.616.238.

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Objectives: to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational and expe- rimental studies that explore the relation between asthma and cold exposure. Materials and methods: systematic review of experimental and observational studies pu- blished up to August 2015 in Pubmed, Embase and Lilacs. Two researchers selected studies that measured the occurrence of asthma in individuals exposed to different environmen- tal temperatures. A meta-analysis used RevMan 5.3’s random effects model to calculate a summary weighted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals, and a sensitivity analysis identified the influence of each study. Subsequent subgroup analyses identified summary measures by type of cold exposure and study design. Additional analysis measured hetero- geneity and risk of bias. Results: we found 86 studies measuring the relation between cold exposure and asthma. We included 11.6% (10/86) of the studies in the meta-analysis and found an association between cold exposure and asthma with all the studies (ORw 2.0 95%CI 1.28-3.14), with the subgroup of experimental studies (ORw 3.8 IC95% 1.70-8.86), and with cold environmental air (ORw 1.59 IC95% 1.10-2.30). The studies had high risk of bias and statistical heteroge- neity [I2 : 63.1% (27%-81.4%)]. Conclusions: the results support the hypothesis of an association between asthma and cold exposure. This study encourages to explore the concepts proposed by traditional medi- cine to establish its benefits on prevention and care of respiratory diseases, such as asthma.
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Rait, *Louise I., *Nikki Y. Yeo, *Equal first authors, Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid, Laurie Showler, Mark E. Finnis, and Adam M. Deane. "The impact of bereavement support on psychological distress in family members: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.sr1.

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BACKGROUND: Persistent psychological distress occurs frequently in family members of patients who die in an intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of bereavement interventions in reducing persisting psychological distress in bereaved family members after death in an adult ICU. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the effect of bereavement interventions on persisting psychological distress in bereaved family members of ICU patients. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and APA Psycinfo databases were searched until April 2020. REVIEW METHODS: Two of us independently screened titles and abstracts of identified studies, and then completed full text evaluation of selected studies. We assessed risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, which is designed to assess the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses. We also used random effects meta-analysis to assess the effect of various interventions on total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. RESULTS: From 664 citations, five studies were included — three multicentre randomised clinical trials and two single centre observational studies. Three studies tested the intervention of written bereavement support materials and two studies used narration of family members' experiences in the ICU. All studies reported HADS scores. Scores for Impact of Event Scale, Impact of Event Scale–Revised and Inventory of Complicated Grief were measured in some but not all studies. There was no effect of an intervention on HADS scores (weighted mean difference, −0.79 [95% confidence interval, −3.81 to 2.23]; Ι2 = 65.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Owing to limited data, and clinical and statistical heterogeneity, there is considerable uncertainty regarding whether bereavement support strategies reduce, increase or have no effect on psychological distress in bereaved family members.
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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Evidence-Based Medicine, Systematic Reviews, and Guidelines in Interventional Pain Management: Part 3: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Randomized Trials." Pain Physician 1;12, no. 1;1 (January 14, 2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/35.

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In recent years, progress and innovations in healthcare are measured by evidencebased medicine (EBM), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. A systematic review is defined as, “the application of scientific strategies that limit bias by the systematic assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of all relevant studies on a specific topic.” In contrast, meta-analysis is the statistical pooling of data across studies to generate pooled estimates of effects. Meta-analysis usually is the final step in a systematic review. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are labor intensive, requiring expertise in both the subject matter and review methodology, and also must follow the rules of EBM which suggest that a formal set of rules must complement medical training and common sense for clinicians to interpret the results of clinical research effectively. While expertise in the subject matter is crucial, expertise in review methods is also particularly important. Despite an explosion of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the empiric research on the quality of systematic reviews has shown that not all systematic reviews are truly systematic, having highly variable quality, deficiencies in methodologic assessment of the quality of the included manuscripts, and bias. Even then, systematic review of the literature is currently the best, least biased, and most rational way to organize, cull, evaluate, and integrate the research evidence from among the expanding medical and healthcare literature. However, a dangerous discrepancy between the experts and the evidence continues to persist in part because multiple instruments are available to assess the quality of systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Steps in conducting systematic reviews include planning, conducting, reporting, and disseminating the results. The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis (QUOROM) statement provides a checklist and a flow diagram. The checklist describes the preferred way to present the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of the report of an analysis. This review describes various aspects of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials with a special focus on interventional pain management. Key words: Randomized trials, pragmatic trials, evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, guidelines, bias, interventional pain management, Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis (QUOROM), Cochrane reviews
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Scheidt, Sebastian, Patrick Vavken, Cornelius Jacobs, Sebastian Koob, Davide Cucchi, Eva Kaup, Dieter Christian Wirtz, and Matthias D. Wimmer. "Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie 157, no. 04 (November 6, 2018): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0751-3156.

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AbstractThe rising number of medical publications makes it difficult to keep up-to-date on scientific knowledge. In recent years, reviews in the form of narrative or systematic publications and meta-analyses have increased. These can only be interpreted and evaluated if the reader understands the techniques used. This review article describes the differences between narrative and systematic reviews, together with the characteristics of meta-analysis, and discusses their interpretation. The concept of systematic reviews and meta-analysis includes a systematic literature search and summary, together with an appraisal of the quality of the publications. Systematic reviews are often considered to be original studies due to their structure and ability to reduce bias.
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Chu, Michael H. K., Irene X. Y. Wu, Robin S. T. Ho, Charlene H. L. Wong, Anthony L. Zhang, Yan Zhang, Justin C. Y. Wu, and Vincent C. H. Chung. "Chinese herbal medicine for functional dyspepsia: systematic review of systematic reviews." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 11 (January 1, 2018): 175628481878557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284818785573.

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Background: Pharmacotherapy, including prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (FD) have limited effectiveness, and their safety has been recently questioned. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) could be considered as an alternative. A systematic review (SR) of SRs was performed to evaluate the potential effectiveness and safety of CHM. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for SRs with meta-analyses in eight international and Chinese databases. Pooled effect estimation from each meta-analysis was extracted. The AMSTAR instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of the included SRs. Results: A total of 14 SRs of mediocre quality assessing various CHMs, alone or in combination with conventional pharmacotherapy, were included. Meta-analyses showed that CHM was more effective than prokinetic agents for the alleviation of global dyspeptic symptoms. Three specific CHM formulae appeared to show superior results in the alleviation of global dyspeptic symptoms, including Si Ni San, modified Xiao Yao San and Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi decoction. No significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events in using CHM or pharmacotherapy was reported. Conclusion: CHM can be considered as an alternative for the treatment of FD symptoms when prokinetic agents and proton pump inhibitors are contraindicated. Future trial design should focus on measuring changes in individual dyspeptic symptoms and differentiate the effectiveness of different CHM for postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. A network meta-analysis approach should be used to explore the most promising CHM formula for FD treatment in the future.
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Dhammi, IshKumar, and RehanUl Haq. "How to write systematic review or meta-analysis." Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 52, no. 6 (2018): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ortho.ijortho_557_18.

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Dwivedi, S. N., and Mona Pathak. "PROMPTING POINTS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS." Indian Journal of Child Health 02, no. 04 (December 25, 2015): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.2015.v02.i04.002.

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de Jong, Marcus C., Wijnanda A. Kors, Pim de Graaf, Jonas A. Castelijns, Tero Kivelä, and Annette C. Moll. "Trilateral retinoblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Lancet Oncology 15, no. 10 (September 2014): 1157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70336-5.

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Wilson, A. P. R., A. J. Bint, A. M. Glenny, L. Leibovici, and T. E. A. Peto. "Meta-analysis and systematic review of antibiotic trials." Journal of Hospital Infection 43 (December 1999): S211—S214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90088-9.

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van der Wal, C. Natalie, and Robin N. Kok. "Laughter-inducing therapies: Systematic review and meta-analysis." Social Science & Medicine 232 (July 2019): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.018.

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Moura-Grec, Patrícia Garcia de, Juliane Avansini Marsicano, Cristiane Alves Paz de Carvalho, and Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres. "Obesity and periodontitis: systematic review and meta-analysis." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, no. 6 (June 2014): 1763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014196.13482013.

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The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the studies on the association between obesity and periodontitis. The methods applied included a literature search strategy and selection of studies using inclusion and exclusion in accordance with the criteria for characteristics of the studies and meta-analysis. The research was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Lilacs databases through 2010. Selected papers were on studies on humans investigating whether or not obesity is a risk factor for periodontitis. Of the 822 studies identified, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of periodontitis was associated with obesity (or had a tendency for this) in 25 studies, though it was not associated in 6 studies. The meta-analysis showed a significant association with obesity and periodontitis (OR = 1.30 [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.25 - 1.35]) and with mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and periodontal disease (mean difference = 2.75). Obesity was associated with periodontitis, however the risk factors that aggravate these diseases should be better clarified to elucidate the direction of this association. Working with paired samples and avoiding confusion factors may contribute to homogeneity between the studies.
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Lukina, Yu V., S. Yu Martsevich, and N. P. Kutishenko. "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: PITFALLS OF METHODS." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 12, no. 2 (May 5, 2016): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2016-12-2-180-185.

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Sedrez-Porto, José Augusto, Wellington Luiz de Oliveira da Rosa, Adriana Fernandes da Silva, Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow, and Tatiana Pereira-Cenci. "Endocrown restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Dentistry 52 (September 2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.005.

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Bruno, Elisa, Giulia Maira, Andrea Biondi, and Mark P. Richardson. "Ictal hypoxemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Seizure 63 (December 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2018.10.011.

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Álvarez Muñoz, Francisco Javier, María Rubio-Aparicio, Pedro Gurillo Muñoz, Ana María García Herrero, Julio Sánchez-Meca, and Fernando Navarro-Mateu. "Suicide and dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis." Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) 13, no. 4 (October 2020): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.04.006.

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Marinelli, John, Jeffrey Janus, Jamie van Gompel, Michael Link, Christine Lohse, Robert Foote, Katharine Price, and Ashish Chintakuntlawar. "Metastatic Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 79, S 01 (February 2018): S1—S188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633745.

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Paudyal, Priyamvada, Christina Jones, Caroline Grindey, Rusha Dawood, and Helen Smith. "Meditation for asthma: Systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Asthma 55, no. 7 (October 13, 2017): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2017.1365887.

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Milner, Allison, Matthew J. Spittal, Jane Pirkis, and Anthony D. LaMontagne. "Suicide by occupation: Systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Psychiatry 203, no. 6 (December 2013): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128405.

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BackgroundPrevious research has shown that those employed in certain occupations, such as doctors and farmers, have an elevated risk of suicide, yet little research has sought to synthesise these findings across working-age populations.AimsTo summarise published research in this area through systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodRandom effects meta-analyses were used to calculate a pooled risk of suicide across occupational skill-level groups.ResultsThirty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Elementary professions (e.g. labourers and cleaners) were at elevated risk compared with the working-age population (rate ratio (RR) = 1.84, 95% CI 1.46–2.33), followed by machine operators and deck crew (RR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.22–2.60) and agricultural workers (RR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.19–2.28). Results suggested a stepwise gradient in risk, with the lowest skilled occupations being at greater risk of suicide than the highest skill-level group.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive meta-analytical review of suicide and occupation. There is a need for future studies to investigate explanations for the observed skill-level differences, particularly in people employed in lower skill-level groups.Declaration on interestNone.
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de Aquino Moura, Karolinny Borinelli, Paula Marques Prates Behrens, Rafaela Pirolli, Aimee Sauer, Dayana Melamed, Francisco Veríssimo Veronese, and André Luis Ferreira Azeredo da Silva. "Anticoagulant-related nephropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis." Clinical Kidney Journal 12, no. 3 (January 4, 2019): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfy133.

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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and mortality associated with anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) through a systematic review of the literature. Methods Electronic searches were conducted in the Medline and EMBASE databases, and manual searches were performed in the reference lists of the identified studies. The studies were selected by two independent researchers, first by evaluating the titles and abstracts and then by reading the complete texts of the identified studies. Case series, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case–control studies reporting the prevalence and factors associated with ARN were selected. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses of the prevalence of ARN and 5-year mortality using the random effects model were performed when possible. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results Five studies were included. Prevalence of ARN ranged from 19% to 63% among the four included cohort studies. Meta-analysis of these resulted in high heterogeneity [I2 96%, summary effect 31%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22–42%]. Subgroup meta-analysis yielded an ARN prevalence of 20% among studies that included patients with fewer comorbidities (I2 12%; 95% CI 19–22%). In a direct comparison, meta-analysis of the 5-year mortality rate between anticoagulated patients who had experienced ARN and anticoagulated patients without ARN, patients with ARN were 91% more likely to die (risk ratio = 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3; I2 87%). Risk factors for ARN that were reported in the literature included initial excessive anticoagulation, chronic kidney disease, age, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Conclusions ARN studies are scarce and heterogeneous, and present significant methodological limitations. The high prevalence of ARN reported herein suggests that this entity is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Mortality in patients with ARN seems to be high compared with patients without this condition in observational studies.
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46

Mo, JinA. "Inhalation Sedation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Acute Care Surgery 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17479/jacs.2019.9.2.45.

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47

Ferwana, K. Mazen, and Ashraf El Metwally. "How to Do Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 13, no. 7 (October 2015): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5742/mewfm.2015.92743.

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48

Cho, William Chi, Myeong Soo Lee, Lixing Lao, and Gerhard Litscher. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Chinese Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/859309.

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49

Constantinides, V. A., I. Christakis, P. Touska, and F. F. Palazzo. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of retroperitoneoscopicversuslaparoscopic adrenalectomy." British Journal of Surgery 99, no. 12 (September 28, 2012): 1639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.8921.

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50

Quattrocchi, Graziella, Alessandra Nicoletti, Benoit Marin, Elisa Bruno, Michel Druet-Cabanac, and Pierre-Marie Preux. "Toxocariasis and Epilepsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6, no. 8 (August 14, 2012): e1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775.

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