Academic literature on the topic 'META-X (Computer program)'

A method is proposed to align any goniometer for which the specimen and the detector can move independently. Originally the method was developed for a stress-goniometer, but it can also be used for other goniometers. The method consists of an algorithm that calculates the misalignment from the peak positions of the diffraction X-ray beam measured on a metal powder specimen, rotated in several positions (2θ—ψ curves). The algorithm then indicates quantitatively how much the different parts of the apparatus must be adjusted. Only numerical calculations are used and there is no need for special instruments. The algorithm can be easily written into a computer program and makes the alignment a fast and extremely accurate operation.

We propose a method for determining semiconductors electrophysical characteristics (concentration and mobility of free charge carriers, conductivity) using measurements of the microwave impedance spectrum of a coaxial probe as a function of the applied constant voltage U. The parameters under study are found by solving the corresponding inverse problem using the developed theory of the near-field antenna. A computer program was created that searches for a solution by minimizing the multiparameter discrepancy function using the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The accuracy of the method is analyzed from simulation results in which the impedance is calculated via the obtained charge concentration profile n(x, U) of the depleted layer in the vicinity of the metal-semiconductor contact. The possibility of diagnostics with micron lateral resolution is demonstrated.

The solution of crystal structures from X-ray powder diffraction data has undergone an intense development in the last 25 years. Overlapping, background estimate, preferred orientation are the main difficulties met in the process of determining the crystal structure from the analysis of the one-dimensional powder diffraction pattern. EXPO is a well known computer program that, designed for solving structures, organic, inorganic, as well as metal-organic by powder diffraction data, employs the two most widely used kinds of solution methods: Direct Methods proceeding in the reciprocal space and Simulated Annealing proceeding in the real space. EXPO allows also to suitably combine these two approaches for validating the structure solution. In this paper, we give examples of structure characterization by EXPO with the aim of suggesting a solution strategy leading towards the application of reciprocal-space methods or real-space methods or both.

Twinning in α and β phase Pu has been studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to experimentally determine active twinning systems in this complex metal. Twinning in alpha phase Pu was studied in 2 specimens including a triode sputter deposited film, and a partially transformed (α+δ phase) Pu nominally lwt% Ga alloy. A thick film of metastable beta phase was also obtained by triode sputter deposition. Phase identification of all samples was determined from x-ray diffraction patterns. Alpha phase has a monoclinic crystal structure with 16 atoms per unit cell and a P21/m space group. Beta phase has a body-centered monoclinic crystal structure with 34 atoms per unit cell and an I2/m space group.Parent/twin orientation relationships were determined by electron diffraction pattern analysis, stereographic projection analysis and fundamental crystallographic calculations.A computer program was also developed to search for all possible twinning systems in α Pu.

The VIP-2 collaboration runs an apparatus in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) designed to search for anomalous X-rays from electron-atom interactions due to violations of the fundamental antisymmetry of multi-electron wavefunctions. The experiment implements the scheme first proposed by Ramberg and Snow, where a current source injects electrons into a metal strip (the experiment’s target). In this paper we describe the structure of a Monte Carlo program to simulate a new upgrade of the experiment, where the anomalous X-ray emission is modulated by an arbitrary time-varying input current. A novel feature of the simulation algorithm is that the Monte Carlo program is based on a mixture of analytical and numerical methods. We report preliminary, exploratory results on the expected detection rate for different modulations of the injected current; these results are a starting point on the way to optimize the modulation scheme and indicate a large potential improvement of the detection sensitivity.

Any material can be considered a composite consisting of grains of different orientations which possess different properties depending on the history of their reorientation upon thermomechanical processing. A well-known selective character of X-ray methods is attributed to the fact that only grains of certain orientations participate in the formation of reflected radiation. A comprehensive description of the material including information about the substructure of grains of all orientations necessitates developing of the method providing description of the substructural state of grains located in the volume under study by analyzing the profile of x-ray lines. The proposed x-ray diffractometric method of Generalized Direct Pole Figures (GPF) which suggests combination of texture imaging and recording the profile of x-ray lines appeared to be rather efficient in a systematic x-ray study of the substructural heterogeneity of textured metallic materials. The measured parameters of the X-ray line profile — the true angular half-width β and angular peak position 2θ — are determined by the distortion (fragmentation) of the reflecting grains and interplanar spacings in their crystal lattice, respectively. The method provides a possibility to compare the substructure features of grains with different crystallographic orientations. An algorithm for calculation of the true physical half-width of the x-ray line using the necessary computer programs is presented. GPF β and GPF 2θ are presented for metal materials with hcp, fcc, and bcc crystalline lattices, as well as characteristic diagrams of their mutual correlation with texture PF. The use of the developed GPF method makes it possible to identify patterns of the formation of substructural heterogeneity during plastic deformation of metals.

AbstractAn algorithm has been derived, forming the basis of a computer program called BBCCURV, which calculates a Bragg-Brentano X-ray diffractometer intensity correction curve (intensity correction factor Kivs. 2θi) given the diffractometer and sample dimensions, and the effective (not theoretical) linear absorption coefficient of the sample. Use of this calibration curve gives a set of intensity data free from aberrations, which are caused mainly by sample transparency, curvature of the diffraction cones passing through the receiving slit and possible beam overflow past the specimen at low angles.The algorithm was confirmed with a full-profile Rietveld refinement of Bragg-Brentano X-ray diffraction data from a H+-ZSM5 zeolite sample. On introducing a BBCCURV correction curve, the profile R-factor over the pattern points dropped from 30.8% to 16.5%, a significantly better fit when the data were corrected with a BBCCURV curve.BBCCURV intensity calibration curves from LiF (μ= 1.5 mm−1) through zeolites, clays, ZnO, rutile, Pb(NO3)2and finally solid metal (μ= 1000 mm−1) (CoKα) indicate upward revision of the measured diffractometer intensities by factors of between 2 and 10 at 2θ= 5° for these sample types, normalised to a correction factor of 1.0 at 2θ= 44°. Corrections of this magnitude to Bragg-Brentano data are thus significant in full-profile structure refinement and quantitative analysis with Bragg-Brentano data. Use of a variable divergence slit (VDS) is not appropriate in full-profile refinements as the intensity aberrations are magnified, and conversion from VDS data to aberration-free data is sample- and transparency-dependent, and not the simple area (sinθ)−1function generally assumed. Use of a fixed divergence slit with a BBCCURV-type calibration is recommended.

Purpose To update the 2000 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on colorectal cancer surveillance. Recommendations Based on results from three independently reported meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that compared low-intensity and high-intensity programs of colorectal cancer surveillance, and on recent analyses of data from major clinical trials in colon and rectal cancer, the Panel recommends annual computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen for 3 years after primary therapy for patients who are at higher risk of recurrence and who could be candidates for curative-intent surgery; pelvic CT scan for rectal cancer surveillance, especially for patients with several poor prognostic factors, including those who have not been treated with radiation; colonoscopy at 3 years after operative treatment, and, if results are normal, every 5 years thereafter; flexible proctosigmoidoscopy every 6 months for 5 years for rectal cancer patients who have not been treated with pelvic radiation; history and physical examination every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 months during years 4 and 5, and subsequently at the discretion of the physician; and carcinoembryonic antigen every 3 months postoperatively for at least 3 years after diagnosis, if the patient is a candidate for surgery or systemic therapy. Chest x-rays, CBCs, and liver function tests are not recommended, and molecular or cellular markers should not influence the surveillance strategy based on available evidence.

Research subject. The object of the study is the Ulyuk-Bar gold deposit ore-bearing rocks, located in the Bashkir meganticlinorium (the Southern Urals). Methods. The article presents the first data on the distribution of rare earth elements (REE), platinum group elements (PGE) and Au, obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on “ELAN- 6100 DRC” and “Agilent 7700” with the use of the computer data processing program “TOTALQUANT”, which includes automatic accounting of isotopic and molecular overlays on the mass spectral analytical lines of the determined elements. The chemical composition of ore minerals (native gold, pyrite, pyrrhotite, gersdorfite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and galena) was determined using an REMMA-202M scanning electron microscope with an LZ-5 X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer and detectors for secondary and reflected electrons. Results. As a result of the studies, the enrichment of heavy lanthanides from ore-bearing rocks of the Ulyuk-Bar deposit in comparison with the sandstones and shales of the Bolshoi Inzer Formation outside of the ore field was established. It is shown that the noble-metal geochemical specialization of ore-bearing sediments of the Bolshoi Inzer Formation of the Ulyuk-Bar deposit is similar in a number of parameters to rocks of the Mashak Formation of the Shatak complex, formed under the influence of Middle Riphean magmatism on sedimentary rocks of the upper layers of the earth’s crust. Based on the calculation of the age of the minerals thorium and uranium, according to the isotopic studies of Rb-Sr (996 ± 26 Ma) and K-Ar (676–706 Ma) methods and galena by the Pb-Pb method (950 Ma), it was established that mineralization was formed in two stages. The first of which is associated with tectono-thermal activation at the border of the Middle and Late Riphean, and the second was realized about 600 Ma ago. Conclusions. It is concluded that the REE-EPG-Au taxonomy of ore-bearing deposits of the Ulyuk-Bar deposit is due to the polychrony and polygenicity of ore formation processes associated with the Middle Riphean plume magmatism, manifested over a vast territory, and the Late Vendian dynamothermal collisional metamorphism.

The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. 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London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). 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Their light weight, open porosity, high surface area per unit volume and thermal characteristics make metal foams a promising material for many industrial applications involving fluid flow and heat transfer. Pressure drop and heat transfer of porous media have inspired a number of experimental and numerical studies. Many models have been proposed in the literature that correlate the pressure gradient and the heat transfer coefficient with the mean cell size and porosity. However, large differences exist among results predicted by different models. Most studies are based on idealized periodic cell structures. In this study, the true 3-D micro-structure of the metal foam is obtained by employing x-ray computed microtomography (XCT). For comparison, ideal Kelvin foam structures are developed in the free-to-use software “Surface Evolver” surface energy minimization program. Pressure drop and heat transfer are then investigated using the CFD Module of COMSOL® Multiphysics code. A comparison between the numerical predictions from the real and ideal geometries is carried out.

Good quality experimental data is needed to refine the thermal hydraulic models for the prediction of rod bundle void distribution and critical heat flux (CHF) or dry-out. The Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC) has provided a valuable database to evaluate the thermal hydraulic codes [1]. Part of this database was selected for the NUPEC BWR Full-size Fine-Mesh Bundle Tests (BFBT) benchmark sponsored by US NRC, METI-Japan, NEA/OECD and Nuclear Engineering Program of the Pennsylvania State University (PSU). Twenty-five organizations from ten countries have confirmed their intention to participate and will provide code predictions to be compared to the measured data for a series of defined exercises within the framework of the BFBT benchmark. This benchmark data includes both the fine-mesh high quality sub-channel void fraction and critical power data. Using a full BWR rod bundle test facility, the void distribution was measured at mesh sizes smaller than the sub-channel by using a state-of-the-art computer tomography (CT) technology [1]. Experiments were performed for different pressures, flow rates, exit qualities, inlet sub-cooling, power distributions, spacer types and assembly designs. There are microscopic and sub-channel averaged void fraction data from the CT scanner at the bundle exit as well as X-ray densitometer void distribution data at different elevation levels in the rod bundle. Each sub-channel’s loss coefficient was calculated with using the Rehme method [2,3], and a COBRA-TF sub-channel model was developed for the NUPEC facility. The BWR assembly that was modeled with COBRA-TF includes two water rods at the center. The predicted sub-channel void fraction values from COBRA-TF are compared with the bundle exit void fraction values measured using the CT-scanner void fraction from the BFBT benchmark data. Different plots are used to examine the code prediction of the void distribution at a sub-channel level for the different sub-channels within the bundle.