Academic literature on the topic 'Metabolic indicators'
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Journal articles on the topic "Metabolic indicators"
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Strashok, L. A., O. V. Buznytska, and О. М. Meshkova. "Indicators of lipid metabolism disorders in the blood serum of adolescents with metabolic syndrome." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 92, no. 6 (December 24, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj92.06.137.
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Hanusová, Lenka, Jindřich Čítek, Libor Večerek, Lucie Tothová, and Božena Hosnedlová. "Metabolic indicators in cattle breeding." Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 19, Special Issue (September 1, 2016): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.si.01-02.
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De Feo, P., C. Di Loreto, A. Ranchelli, C. Fatone, M. Miccio, G. Gambelunghe, and P. Lucidi. "Alternative indicators of metabolic control." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 74 (December 2006): S72—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8227(06)70003-1.
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Spencer, Michael K., T. Yee Khong, Brian L. Matthews, and Alastair H. MacLennan. "Haematopoietic indicators of fetal metabolic acidosis." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 40, no. 3 (August 2000): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2000.tb03336.x.
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Spencer, Michael K., T. Yee Khong, Brian L. Matthews, and Alastair H. MacLennan. "Haematopoietic Indicators of Fetal Metabolic Acidosis." Obstetric and Gynecologic Survey 56, no. 5 (May 2001): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-200105000-00009.
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Belić, Branislava, Marko Cincović, Ivana Lakić, Radojica Đoković, Milun Petrović, Jožica Ježek, and Jože Starič. "Metabolic Status of Dairy Cows Grouped by Anabolic and Catabolic Indicators of Metabolic Stress in Early Lactation." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.89179.
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Background: Early lactation is period followed by changed metabolism in organism of the cow. This is the consequence of negativ energy balance, metabolic stress and milk production. Early lactation is characterised by high lipide catabolism (high NEFA) and low anabolic capacity (low insulin and IGF-I concentration). The aim of this study is to examine differences in metabolic adaptation of cows in early lactation (eight weeks after calving) in accordance to anabolic (insulin, IGF-I) and catabolic (NEFA) indicators in first week after calving.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment included 50 Holstein-Friesian cows. Blood samples were collected in first, second, fourth and eight week after calving by venepunction of v.coccigea. Based on median value of indicator, cows were significantly (P < 0.001) classified in two groups: cows under metabolic stress (indicators of anabolism below the median Me-: indicators of catabolism above the medianMe+) and cows in control group (indicators of anabolism above the median Me+: indicators of catabolism under median Me-). Following criteria for comparison were given: based on classification of cows according to one indicator of metabolic load (insulinMe-:insulinMe+; IGF-IMe-:IGF-IMe+ and NEFAMe-:NEFA Me+); based on classification of cows according to combination of two indicators (insulinMe-+NEFAMe+: insulinMe++NEFAMe- and IGF-IMe-+NEFAMe+:IGF-IMe++NEFAMe-). Cows loaded with metabolic stress showed significan difference in metabolic adaptation in relation to control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01): higher values of STH, BHB (criteria were insulin, IGF-I, NEFA, insulin+NEFA, IGF-I+NEFA), higher values of bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT, AP (criteria NEFA and IGF-I+NEFA) and MDA (criteria NEFA) and lower levels of glucose, total proteins, albumin (criteria IGF-I, NEFA, IGF-I+NEFA and body condition (criteria insulin, IGF-I, NEFA, insulin+ NEFA, IGF-I+ NEFA) were noted. Differences were expressed the most in first two weeks after calving. Differences in the body condition were the most notable later in weeks. Usage of NEFA indicator in first week after calving allows the most quality recognition of cows with metabolic parameters in extreme quartiles (ROC AUC= 0.87, P < 0.01) in first eight week of lactation.Discussion: Inverse relation betwen NEFA with insulin and IGF-I is consequence of next phisiological concept: plasma insulin and IGF-I decrease in same mannure after calvig and insulin aplication increase IGF-I; low insulin concentration leads cow to lipolysis and low IGF-I leads to STH resistance with increase concentration of STH and high lipolysis. Catabolism of adipose tissue and high NEFA concentration is most important for metabolic adaptation in periparturient period. Cows with insulin resistance, ketosis and fatty liver with many problems in metabolic adaptation showed high NEFA concentration. Atenuation of NEFA by niacin or anti-inflammatory drug decreases metabolic change due to high lipide mobilisation in early lactation. Low antepartal IGF-I showed significant effect on postpartum health, but our measuremens are in first week postpartum. In addition, increase catabolism of lipide viewed in NEFA value contributes to metabolic variation and adaptation in the first eight weeks of lactation much more than decrease of anabolic indicators such as insulin and IGF-I. The combination of the indicators does not lead to better recognition of cows with extreme metabolic change in relation to classification only to the value of NEFA.
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Hill, Virginia A., Michael I. Schaffer, Ryan B. Paulsen, and G. Neil Stowe. "Hydroxycocaines as Metabolic Indicators of Cocaine Ingestion." Forensic Science International 317 (December 2020): 110516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110516.
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Gobato, Amanda Oliva, Ana Carolina J. Vasques, Mariana Porto Zambon, Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho, and Gabriel Hessel. "Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 32, no. 1 (March 2014): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822014000100010.
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Objective: To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its relationship with different body composition indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 79 adolescents aged ten to 18 years old. The assessed body composition indicators were: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, and subcutaneous fat. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Cook et al. The insulin resistance was determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index for values above 3.16. The analysis of ROC curves was used to assess the BMI and the abdominal circumference, aiming to identify the subjects with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The cutoff point corresponded to the percentage above the reference value used to diagnose obesity. Results: The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 45.5% of the patients and insulin resistance, in 29.1%. Insulin resistance showed association with HDL-cholesterol (p=0.032) and with metabolic syndrome (p=0.006). All body composition indicators were correlated with insulin resistance (p<0.01). In relation to the cutoff point evaluation, the values of 23.5 and 36.3% above the BMI reference point allowed the identification of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The best cutoff point for abdominal circumference to identify insulin resistance was 40%. Conclusions: All body composition indicators, HDL-cholesterol and metabolic syndrome showed correlation with insulin resistance. The BMI was the most effective anthropometric indicator to identify insulin resistance.
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Lee, Han Chu. "Liver function tests as indicators of metabolic syndrome." Korean Journal of Hepatology 17, no. 1 (2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2011.17.1.9.
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Pavanello, Sofia, and Erminio Clonfero. "Biological indicators of genotoxic risk and metabolic polymorphisms." Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 463, no. 3 (October 2000): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5742(00)00051-x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Metabolic indicators"
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Gotschi, Manuela. "The use of blood metabolic concentrations as indicators of the metabolic and productive status in dairy cows." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312008-145827.
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Vasunta, R. L. (Riitta-Liisa). "Ambulatory blood pressure:association with metabolic risk indicators, renal function and carotid artery atherosclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299605.
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Abstract Blood pressure is usually measured on a clinic visit as a momentary value. It can also be defined as a continuum based on several repeated measurements. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) is a method of repeated BP measurements targeted to evaluate the circadian blood pressure (BP). Nondipping, i.e., the lack of reduction of BP during the night, has been shown to associate with cardiovascular endpoints. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 24-hour ABPM and cardio-metabolic confounders in a cross-sectional, population-based study design. Particular attention was paid to the nondipping phenomenon. Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, has vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Reduced adiponectin level has been associated with hypertension. In this study adiponectin level was inversely associated with daytime systolic BP, but showed no association with nondipping. Hypertension is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS). MS has been associated with nondipping. The association between ABPM and metabolic abnormalities was studied in subjects without known hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Subjects with impaired glucose metabolism were more likely to belong to the group of nondippers. Fatty liver is considered as the hepatic manifestation of MS. A significantly higher prevalence of fatty liver has been seen in hypertensives compared to normotensive controls, elevating their risk for cardiovascular morbidity. The association between ABPM characteristics and fatty liver was evaluated in the present study. Significantly higher systolic ABPM levels were seen in subjects with fatty liver, but no association with nondipping existed. The kidney vasculature is prone to injury under a high continuous circadian BP load and lacking nighttime drop. This may lead to diminished glomerular filtration rate. Our study showed a significant independent association between renal function and the dipping status. Reduction in renal function was associated with increased risk of nondipping pattern. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), the surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis, has been associated with blunted nocturnal BP drop. The association between cIMT and dipping status was explored. Nondipping pattern was associated with increased cIMT. In conclusion, ABPM specifies the information of circadian and nighttime BP level not achievable with conventional BP measurement. This is especially beneficial in metabolic abnormalities when the risk of cardiovascular morbidity is increasedTiivistelmä Väitöstutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että vuorokausiverenpaineen mittauksella eli ambulatorisella verenpaineenmittauksella on erityistä merkitystä sydän- ja verenpainesairastavuutta lisäävien metabolisten häiriöiden yhteydessä. Työssä haluttiin selvittää 24 tunnin aikana mitatun verenpainetason ja puuttuvan yöaikaisen verenpaineenlaskun eli nondipping-ilmiön yhteyttä tunnettuihin metabolisiin riskitekijöihin ja kaulavaltimoseinämän paksuuntumaan. Kyseessä on suomalaiseen, keski-ikäiseen väestöotokseen kohdistunut poikkileikkaustutkimus. Tavallisesti yöaikainen verenpainetaso laskee 10 % tai enemmän päiväaikaiseen verenpainetasoon nähden (dipping). Verenpaineen lasku voi kuitenkin jäädä puutteelliseksi (nondipping). Nondipping-ilmiön on todettu lisäävän sydän- ja verisuonisairastuvuuden riskiä. Kaulavaltimoseinämän paksuuntumaa on pidetty merkkinä varhaisesta valtimosairaudesta ja maksan rasvakertymä katsottu osaksi metabolista oireyhtymää. Metabolisiin häiriöihin sekä munuaistoiminnan häiriöihin liittyy lisääntynyt valtimosairauden riski. Väitöstutkimuksessa vuorokausiverenpaine mitattiin mukana kannettavalla automaattisella verenpaineenmittausmenetelmällä eli ambulatorisella verenpaineenmittauksella. Lisäksi verenpaine mitattiin tavalliseen tapaan vastaanottokäynnin yhteydessä. Maksan rasvaisuutta ja kaulavaltimon seinämäpaksuutta tutkittiin ultraäänilaitteella. Tavanomaisten taustamuuttujien lisäksi kerättiin laboratoriotietoa sokeriaineenvaihdunnasta, munuaissuodoksen määrästä sekä rasvakudoksen erittämän adiponektiinihormonin määrästä. Nondipping-ilmiön todettiin olevan itsenäisesti yhteydessä sokeriaineenvaihdunnan häiriöön, munuaissuodoksen alenemaan ja kaulavaltimon seinämäpaksuuntumaan. Kohonnut päiväaikainen systolinen verenpainetaso oli yhteydessä verisuoniston kannalta epäedulliseen adiponektiinihormonitasoon. Sekä systolinen että diastolinen verenpainetaso oli korkeampi henkilöillä, joilla todettiin maksan rasvoittuma kuin niillä, joilla ei ollut maksan rasvoittumaa. Tutkimus osoitti ambulatorisen verenpaineenmittauksen tuovan merkittävää lisätietoa etenkin sydän- ja verisuonisairastuvuuden riskiä jo sinällään lisäävissä tiloissa, kuten metabolisissa häiriöissä ja munuaistoiminnan alentumassa. Koska metaboliset häiriöt lisääntyvät jatkuvasti, on todennäköistä, että vuorokausiverenpaineen mittaus yleistyy osana valtimosairastavuuden kokonaisriskin arviointia
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De, Kock Andrea. "Metabolic syndrome indicators and target organ damage in urban active coping African and Caucasian men : the SABPA study / A. de Kock." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4736.
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MOTIVATION: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is creating
immense concern worldwide. In 2009, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)
announced the new MetS definition. MetS is diagnosed by any 3 of the following 5
indicators being present: increased waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP),
triglycerides, and fasting glucose values, and decreased high–density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL–C) concentrations. Psychosocial stress relating to an urban
environment or acculturation greatly influences the prevalence of both MetS and target
organ damage (TOD). Furthermore, in urban Africans, active coping (AC) responses
have been associated more with MetS and the related cardiovascular pathology than
avoidance. A further synergistic effect of MetS and AC responses was also revealed in
African men, in strong association with both subclinical atherosclerosis and renal
impairment. Microalbuminuria was four times higher in Africans with MetS, than in
those without any MetS indicators. Furthermore, Africans, especially those utilising AC
responses, present with greater carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) than their
Caucasian counterparts, although they exhibit a lipid profile that is anti–atherogenic.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives were firstly to indicate and compare differences
regarding AC responses in the African and Caucasian men, in accord with the
prevalence of MetS indicators. Secondly, the extent to which AC responses and MetS
indicators predict endothelial dysfunction was investigated. METHODOLOGY: This comparative target population study is nested in the
Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) study, which
was conducted from February until the end of May in both 2008 (Africans) and 2009
(Caucasians), avoiding seasonal changes. The Ethics Committee of the North–West
University approved the study, and all volunteers gave written informed consent prior to
participation. Procedures were conducted according to the institutional guidelines of
the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants included 202 male teachers of which 101
were African and 101 Caucasian. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements
were recorded with the Cardiotens CE120 at 30 minute intervals during the day and
60 minutes at night. Actical accelerometers determined physical activity (PA).
Registered clinical psychologists supervised completion of the psychosocial
questionnaires, including the Coping Strategy Indicator. Participants fasted overnight;
after the last BP recording, disconnection of the Cardiotens CE120 and Actical
followed. A fasting 8 hour overnight collected urine sample was obtained from each
participant. Anthropometric measurements followed, after which a registered nurse
commenced blood sampling. The SonoSite Micromaxx was used for the scanning of
CIMT. MetS indicators (glucose, triglyceride, and HDL–C), together with gamma
glutamyl transferase, cotinine, and ultrahigh–sensitivity C–reactive protein (hs–CRP),
were analyzed with Konelab 20i. The albumin–to–creatinine ratio and CIMT
determined TOD. Participants were stratified according to ethnicity and median splits
of AC response scores (high AC and low AC). Diabetic medication users (n= 8), and
participants with renal impairment (n= 2) or HIV positive (n= 13), were excluded from
analyses. 2×2 ANCOVA’s determined significant interactions for ethnicity and AC.
Partial correlations between MetS indicators and TOD were performed within each
ethnic and AC group, independent of age, alcohol consumption and PA. Regression
analyses were performed for four models, firstly with microalbuminuria and secondly with CIMT as dependent variables. Significant values were noted as p 0.05, r 0.35,
and adjusted R2 0.25.
RESULTS: Caucasian men were physically more active than African men, whilst BP,
alcohol consumption and hs–CRP levels were significantly higher in African men.
Psychological variables revealed higher avoidance scores in Caucasian men and
higher social support scores in African men. More MetS indicators exceeded the IDF
cut–off points in high AC African men (14.71%) than in their Caucasian counterparts
(3.33%). Furthermore, more MetS indicators predicted endothelial dysfunction in
African men, especially the high AC responders.
CONCLUSION: The following hypotheses were accepted: high AC responses in urban
African men were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS indicators than in their
Caucasian counterparts, while MetS indicators were associated with a marker of TOD
in urban high AC African men, but not in their Caucasian counterparts.Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Brenninger, Vanessa. "Establishing evidence for practice in medical nutrition therapy a case study of the impact of a high amylose resistant starch diet on clinical indicators of the insulin resistant syndrome /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060712.103548/index.html.
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Harbron, Janetta. "The association between genotype and BMI, health and lifestyle indicators as well as weight loss outcomes in overweight/obese Caucasian adults." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6478.
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Thesis (PhD (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.Includes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Genetic screening to improve obesity treatment outcomes is available despite the lack of conclusive evidence, specifically for Caucasian South Africans, in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genotype (seven polymorphisms) and body mass index (BMI), health and lifestyle indicators in a cross-sectional sample of overweight/obese Caucasian adults (n=133), as well as the association between genotype and weight loss outcomes following an intervention (n=88) using a quasi experimental study design (time-series). The intervention consisted of a 24-week conservative weight loss programme that included dietary, physical activity and behavioural components. The primary null hypothesis for the cross-sectional sample, namely that there is no association between genotype and BMI, has not been rejected. A number of the secondary/exploratory hypotheses were rejected of which the most plausible associations (based on support by the literature and a physiological basis for the findng) are: 1) the mutant TT homozygotes of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism may have a higher risk to develop the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as they had significantly higher fasting triglyceride and glucose levels, a higher number of traits that met the diagnostic cut-off criteria for MetS and higher number of these subjects was diagnosed with MetS compared to the wild-type C-allele carriers; and 2) subjects with mutant alleles of either the FTO rs1421085 or rs17817449 polymorphisms may have poorer eating behaviours (a higher rigid control, habitual and emotional disinhibition, perceived hunger and internal locus for hunger) and higher intake of high-fat foods. The primary null hypothesis for the intervention sample, namely that there is no association between genotype and weight loss outcome, was not rejected for the FABP2 Ala54Thr, INSIG2 rs7566605, FTO rs1421085, ADRB3 Trp64Arg and GNB3 C825T polymorphisms. However, it was rejected in some instances indicating the following associations: 1) The wild-type TT homozygotes of the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism lost significantly more weight during the first two months of the program compared to the mutant allele carriers (this is a novel finding); 2) The wild-type Arg16Arg homozygotes of the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism lost significantly more weight during the first month of the program compared to the mutant allele carriers (this finding is supported by one other intervention study); 3) Subjects with a mutant C-allele of the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism and a mutant Gly16-allele of the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism lost significantly less weight over the six month intervention period (this is a novel genegene interaction finding). A number of secondary/exploratory hypotheses were rejected, of which the most plausible finding include that the improvement in emotional disinhibition in the wild-type TT subjects of the FTO rs1421085 polymorphism was associated with a more pronounced decrease in BMI over the six month weight loss period. The integration of the results from this study with the literature indicates that there is insufficient evidence at this stage for genetic screening of the polymorphisms investigated in this study and the provision of evidence-based personalized recommendations for weight loss in obese individuals. It is recommended that these associations should be viewed as priority in future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Genetiese sifting om die resultate van vetsug behandeling te verbeter is beskikbaar ten spyte van ‘n tekort aan genoegsame bewyse, spesifiek ten opsigte van Kaukasiërs van Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die assosiasie tussen genotipe (sewe polimorfismes) en liggaamsmassa indeks (LMI), gesondheid en lewenstyl indikatore in ‘n dwarssnit (cross-sectional) steekproef van oorgewig/vetsugtige Kaukasiër volwassenes (n=133) te ondersoek, asook die assosiasie tussen genotipe en gewigsverlies uitkomste na afloop van ‘n intervensie (n=88) in ‘n kwasi-eksperimentele studie ontwerp (tydreeks). Die intervensie het bestaan uit ‘n 24-week konserwatiewe gewigsverlies program met dieet, fisieke aktiwiteit en gedragskomponente. Die primêre nul hipotese vir die dwarsnit steekproef, naamlik dat daar geen assosiasie tussen genotipe en LMI is nie, is nie verwerp nie. ‘n Aantal sekondêre/spekulatiewe hipotesis is verwerp waarvan die mees geloofwaardige assosiasies (gebasseer op ondersteuning van die literatuur en ‘n fisiologiese basis vir die bevinding) die volgende insluit: 1) die mutante TT homosigote van die GNB3 C825T polimorfisme het moontlik ‘n hoër risiko vir die ontwikkeling van die metaboliese sindroom (MetS) aangesien hulle betekenisvolle hoër vastende trigliseriede en glukose vlakke gehad het, ‘n grooter aantal kenmerke gehad het wat aan die diagnostiese afsnykriteria vir MetS voldoen en ‘n grooter aantal van hierdie persone was met MetS gediagnoseer in vergelyking met die wilde-tipe C-alleel draers; en 2) persone met die mutante allele van die FTO rs1421085 of rs17817449 polimorfismes het moontlik ‘n swakker eetgedrag (‘n hoër rigiede kontrole, gewoonte en emosionele disinhibisie, waarneembare honger en interne lokus van honger) en ‘n hoër inname van hoë-vet voedsel. Die primêre nul hipotese vir die intervensie steekproef, naamlik dat daar geen assosiasie tussen genotipe en gewigsverlies uitkomste is nie, is nie vir die FABP2 Ala54Thr, INSIG2 rs7566605, FTO rs1421085, ADRB3 Trp64Arg en GNB3 C825T polimorfismes verwerp nie. Dit was egter in sommige gevalle vir die volgende assosiasies verwerp: 1) Die wilde-tipe TT homosigote van die FTO rs17817449 polimorfisme het betekenisvol meer gewig in die eerste twee maande van die program verloor in vergelyking met die mutante alleel draers (dit is ‘n nuwe bevinding); 2) Die wilde-tipe Arg16Arg homosigote van die ADRB2 Arg16Gly polimorfisme het betekenisvol meer gewig gedurende die eerste maand van die program verloor in vergelyking met die mutante alleel draers (hierdie bevinding word ondersteun deur een ander intervensie studie); 3) Persone met ‘n mutante C-alleel van die INSIG2 rs7566605 polimorfisme en ‘n mutante Gly16-allele van die ADRB2 Arg16Gly polimorfisme het minder gewig tydens die ses maande intervensie periode verloor (dit is ‘n nuwe geen-geen interaksie bevinding). ‘n Aantal sekondêre/ spekulatiewe hipoteses is verwerp, waarvan die mees geloofwaardigste bevinding insluit dat ‘n verbetering in emosionele disinhibisie van die wild-tipe TT persone van die FTO rs1421085 polimorfisme geassosieer was met ‘n meer prominente daling in LMI oor die ses maande gewigsverlies periode. Die integrasie van die resultate van hierdie navorsing met die literatuur dui aan dat daar op hierdie stadium onvoldoende bewyse vir genetiese sifting en die voorsiening van bewys-gebasseerde persoonlike aanbevelings vir gewigsverlies in vetsugtig individue bestaan vir die polimorfismes wat ondersoek is. Dit word aanbeveel dat hierdie assosiasies as prioriteit in toekomstige navorsing beskou moet word.
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CAJUEIRO, Jobson Filipe de Paula. "Influência das concentrações de cálcio sanguíneo de cabras leiteiras no período de transição sobre o perfil energético-proteico, mineral e hormonal." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6262.
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Hypocalcemia in dairy cows has been studied around the world, mainly due to its impact on animal production and productivity, will be related to various diseases. However, few studies have been conducted on this disease in small ruminants, especially in dairy goats. Therefore , the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of calcium during the transition period in dairy goats in order to differentiate groups of hypocalcemic animals (G1) and normal calcium (G2), in order to infer the influence of subclinical hypocalcemia in profile metabolic thereof. For this, 35 goats, otherwise healthy, pregnant, primiparous and multiparous, crossbred or purebred dairy breeds used. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture before delivery [30 , 20 and 10 days before parturition (dap)] , on the day of partum and post -partum [10,20,30,40,50 and 60 days later parturition (dpp)]. The variables measured were: glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β - hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase, total protein (TP), albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), total calcium, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), chlorides, hormones cortisol and insulin, as well as ions Ca++, Na+ and K+. Were considered to have subclinical hypocalcemia goats showed that Ca++≤ 0.72mmol/L. The statistical model used for analysis was ANOVA . In G1 concentrations of Ca++ remained below that of G2 and the biggest difference ( P < 0.001 ) occurred at parturition . The highest concentrations of NEFA were observed at birth in both groups, but were higher in G1 (P< 0.03) than the G2 at delivery and during the pre -partum. The BHB had a slight growth from beginning to 40dpp in both the G1 and G2 and there were no differences between them. The behavior of amylase was increased in antepartum reaching their highest values to 10dpp and remained stable postpartum in both groups, did not return to their initial values. A decrease in the values of triglycerides 20dap until 10dpp and differences (P<0.05) were found between the pre-and postpartum in both groups occurred. Cholesterol remained slight growth in postpartum, a little more evident in G2 than in G1, however these did not differ. Reduction in the concentration of insulin to 10dap in both groups, but in this G1 was greater (P˂0.001) that some times postpartum. The highest values of cortisol and glucose occurred at delivery and there were no differences between groups. The PT values were rising delivery to 30dpp not returning to baseline values in both G1 and G2. Albumin fell to 20dap and grew from birth up to 30dpp when returned to its initial value in both groups. The lower (P<0.05) values of total calcium is given at birth and the G1 was lower than G2 in almost the entire period. It is concluded that in subclinically goats hypocalcemic serum concentrations of Ca++ fall before the normocalcêmicas goats and remain lower throughout the transition period and that some variables of the metabolic profile as NEFA, glucose, insulin and total calcium are strongly influenced by the Ca++. Furthermore, the lower food intake by goats with subclinical hypocalcemia is one of the main factors affecting the metabolic profile and probably the productivity of these animals. However, other studies should be conducted to measure the effects of this disease in its subclinical form , the production rates and the emergence of other diseases in the transition period in dairy goats.
A hipocalcemia em vacas leiteiras tem sido objeto de estudos ao redor do mundo, principalmente em função de seu impacto na produção e produtividade animal, por estar relacionada á diversas enfermidades. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos sobre esta enfermidade foram realizados em pequenos ruminantes, sobretudo em cabras leiteiras. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as concentrações de cálcio durante o período de transição em cabras leiteiras, afim de, diferenciar grupos de animais hipocalcêmicos (G1) e normocalcêmicos (G2), com o objetivo de inferir a influência da hipocalcemia subclínica no perfil metabólico destes. Para tanto, 35 cabras, hígidas, gestantes, primíparas e multíparas, mestiças ou puras de raças leiteiras foram utilizadas. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas por venopunção jugular no pré-parto [30, 20 e 10 dias antes do parto (dap)], no dia do parto e no pós-parto [10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias depois do parto (dpp)]. As variáveis mensuradas foram: glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), β-hidroxibutirato (BHB), colesterol, triglicerídeos, amilase, proteínas totais (PT), albumina, uréia, creatinina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), creatina quinase (CK), cálcio total, fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), cloretos, os hormônios cortisol e insulina, bem como os íons Ca++, Na+ e K+. Foram considerados com hipocalcemia subclínica as cabras que apresentaram Ca++≤0,72mmol/L. O modelo estatístico empregado para análise dos resultados foi a ANOVA. No G1 as concentrações de Ca++ mantiveram-se sempre abaixo do G2 e a maior diferença (P<0,001) ocorreu no dia do parto. As maiores concentrações de AGNE foram verificadas no parto, em ambos os grupos, porém no G1 foram maiores (P<0,03) que no G2 no parto e durante o pré-parto. O BHB teve um discreto crescimento do início até o 40dpp, tanto no G1 quanto no G2 e não houve diferenças entre eles. O comportamento da amilase foi crescente no pré-parto alcançando seus maiores valores aos 10dpp e manteve-se estável no pós-parto, em ambos os grupos, não retornando aos seus valores iniciais. Ocorreu uma queda nos valores dos triglicerídeos dos 20dap até os 10dpp e diferenças (P<0,05) foram verificadas entre o pré e o pós-parto, em ambos os grupos. O colesterol manteve discreto crescimento no pós parto, um pouco mais evidente no G2 que no G1, entretanto estes não diferiram. Houve redução na concentração da insulina aos 10dap em ambos os grupos, porém no G1 esta foi mais expressiva (P˂0,001) que alguns momentos do pós-parto. Os maiores valores do cortisol e da glicose ocorreram no parto e não ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos. Os valores de PT foram crescentes do parto aos 30dpp não retornando aos valores iniciais tanto no G1 quanto no G2. A albumina caiu aos 20dap e apresentou crescimento a partir do parto até aos 30dpp quando retornou ao seu valor inicial em ambos os grupos. Os menores (P<0,05) valores do cálcio total se deram no parto e o G1 foi menor que o G2 em quase todo o período. Conclui-se então que em cabras subclinicamente hipocalcêmicas as concentrações séricas do Ca++ caem antes que nas cabras normocalcêmicas e permanecem mais baixas durante todo o período de transição e que algumas variáveis do perfil metabólico como AGNE, glicose, insulina e o cálcio total sofrem forte influência do Ca++. Além disso, a menor ingestão alimentos pelas cabras com hipocalcemia subclínica é um dos principais fatores de interferência no perfil metabólico e provavelmente na produtividade destes animais. Contudo, outros trabalhos devem ser realizados a fim de mensurar os efeitos desta doença, na sua forma subclínica, nos índices produtivos e no surgimento de outras enfermidades no período de transição em cabras leiteiras.
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Fradinho, Maria João de Sousa Ferreira Martelo. "Growth and development of the Lusitano foal on extensive systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11426.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, especialidade de Produção AnimalThe general aim of this study was to characterize the growth and development of the Lusitano foal bred and raised on extensive systems. In particular, the relationship between growth patterns and bone quality was evaluated. Additionally, nutritional status and body condition (BC) changes of the mares during the productive cycle were studied, in order to stablish appropriate scores to optimize the development of foals from pregnancy to weaning, as well as to increase the productive efficiency of the system. A longitudinal field study was conducted in four Lusitano stud-farms. Broodmares were monitored during three consecutive gestation/lactation cycles and foals were followed from birth to 42 months of age. The biomechanical properties of equine cortical bone were also assessed. Results showed that changes in broodmare body weight (BW) and BC were mainly influenced by pasture availability and quality and when the foaling season occurs in the year. The reproductive performance of mares and the growth of suckling foals were also clearly influenced by broodmare nutritional status. BC score changes at mating had a strong effect on fertility outcome of the first two estrous cycles after foaling, being highly impaired by BCS negative changes, whatever the BCS. Best fertility results were obtained with positive and greater BC changes. The Richards function was used to characterize foals’ growth patterns and growth curves were obtained for BW, withers height (WH), girth and cannon circumference. Lusitano foals showed slower BW growth rates, comparable with moderate growth levels proposed for other sport breeds. In contrast, WH growth rates were similar to those presented by early maturing breeds. The validity of the quantitative ultrasonoghraphy as a non-invasive method for the in vivo assessment of bone mechanical properties and overall bone quality was also demonstrated. Changes in foals BW and WH growth rates were associated with the presence of radiographic findings compatible with osteochondrosis (OC) lesions at the onset of training. When compared to healthy foals, OC positive foals seem to be early maturing as regards to BW, and showed a tendency for worse cortical bone quality, lower IGF-I and higher insulin and PTH concentrations. The results underline the importance of an early monitoring of foals’ growth during the first year of life in order to avoid sudden changes to the average growth rates and to promote a better osteoarticular quality of the Lusitano horse. The integrated approach in what concerns mares and foals management decisions, in particular the choice of the foaling season and the introduction of adequate feeding strategies, will be determinant for the improvement of the efficiency and profitability of the Lusitano production systems.
RESUMO - O crescimento e desenvolvimento do poldro de raça Lusitana em sistemas extensivos - O presente estudo teve como principal objectivo a caracterização do crescimento e do desenvolvimento do poldro de raça Lusitana, em sistemas extensivos. Em particular, foi avaliada a relação entre os padrões de crescimento e a qualidade do tecido ósseo. O estado nutricional e evolução da condição corporal (CC) das éguas de ventre ao longo do ciclo produtivo foram igualmente estudados, no sentido de estabelecer os índices mais adequados à optimização do desenvolvimento dos poldros desde a gestação até ao desmame, bem como de aumentar a eficiência produtiva do sistema. Para o efeito foi realizado um trabalho de campo longitudinal, no qual foram acompanhados animais pertencentes a quatro coudelarias. As éguas foram avaliadas durante três ciclos produtivos (gestação/lactação) consecutivos e os poldros foram seguidos desde o desmame aos 42 meses de idade. Paralelamente foram também estudadas as propriedades biomecânicas do osso cortical do cavalo. As variações do peso vivo (PV) e da CC das éguas ao longo do ciclo produtivo foram sobretudo influenciadas pela disponibilidade e qualidade da pastagem e pela época de parto. O desempenho reprodutivo das éguas e o crescimento dos poldros lactentes foram afectados pelo estado nutricional das éguas. A variação da CC no período correspondente à cobrição teve um forte efeito na fertilidade dos dois primeiros estros, sendo esta claramente prejudicada por variações negativas da CC, independentemente da nota observada. As melhores taxas de fertilidade foram obtidas com variações positivas e mais elevadas de CC. A função de Richards foi utilizada na caracterização dos padrões de crescimento dos poldros, tendo sido obtidas curvas de crescimento para o PV, altura ao garrote (AG), perímetro torácico e perímetro da canela. No que se refere ao PV, os poldros Lusitanos apresentaram taxas de crescimento mais lentas, podendo enquadrar-se nos valores propostos para um crescimento moderado em outras raças de desporto. No entanto, as taxas de crescimento para a AG foram semelhantes às observadas em raças mais precoces. A ultrasonografia quantitativa foi confirmada como técnica não invasiva para a avaliação das propriedades biomecânicas e da qualidade do osso cortical em geral. A presença de sinais radiográficos de osteocondrose (OC) ao desbaste foi associada a alterações nas taxas de crescimento (PV e AG) dos poldros. Para além de apresentarem um índice de maturidade mais elevado para o PV, os poldros com OC revelaram uma tendência para uma menor qualidade do osso cortical, menores concentrações de IGF-I e concentrações mais elevadas de insulina e de PTH. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a importância de uma monitorização precoce do crescimento dos poldros, em particular durante o primeiro ano de vida, no sentido de evitar alterações súbitas das taxas médias de crescimento e de promover uma melhor qualidade osteoarticular no cavalo Lusitano. A abordagem integrada das opções de maneio nas éguas e nos poldros, em particular no que se refere a uma melhor gestão da época de partos e à introdução de estratégias alimentares adequadas, será determinante para a melhoria da eficiência e da produtividade dos sistemas de produção do cavalo Lusitano.
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Cassani, Roberta Soares Lara. "Linhaça e lignanas: efeito do consumo sobre indicadores nutricionais e inflamatórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-04042012-125620/.
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O processo inflamatório subclinico encontra-se associado à prevenção e controle de um agrupamento de fatores de risco (FR) nutricionais, entre eles, dislipidemia e aumento de depósito de gordura visceral. Indicadores nutricionais, inflamatórios e metabólicos parecem estar associados com o estilo de vida. A semente de linhaça tem sido reconhecida como um alimento rico em fibras e -3, entretanto, um novo constituinte de sua composição nutricional tem merecido atenção, pelo seu papel antiinflamatório e antioxidante. Este componente é chamado de lignanas, um polímero complexo e o principal constituinte não-carbohidrato de plantas vasculares. Está ligado a fibras de celulose, e é responsável por reforçar a estrutura das paredes celulares, o que previne o colapso das mesmas. Lignanas, em contato com a microflora intestinal humana transformam-se em enterolignanas, especialmente, enterodiol e enterolactona. O presente trabalho tem por hipótese que o teor de lignanas dietético pode interferir no perfil metabólico, e alterar fatores de riscos envolvidos no estado nutricional, e consequentemente na saúde. O conhecimento de que diferentes características na composição nutricional de macronutrientes da dieta poderiam modificar o perfil inflamatório, independentemente, da presença das enterolignanas provenientes da semente de linhaça também constituíram o objetivo deste estudo. Por 42 dias, foram avaliados 52 funcionários, pertencentes ao sexo masculino, com idade média de 37± 9 anos, de uma indústria de grande porte, na cidade de Itu-SP. Os voluntários foram divididos em 4 grupos de pesquisa, sendo, um grupo controle, e três grupos com dietas isocalóricas e diferentes proporções no % de carboidratos (CH), e acréscimo de semente de linhaça em pó ou arroz cru triturados (protocolo duplo cego). Foi preenchida ficha de coleta de informações sobre dados pessoais e conhecimento de fatores de risco (hipertensão, dislipidemia e diabetes), comportamentos de risco (tabagismo e sedentarismo) e antecedentes familiares. Foi também realizada avaliação clinico - laboratorial, no qual se obteve o registro de medidas antropométricas, medida da pressão arterial e coleta de sangue venoso em jejum de 12 h para avaliação de indicadores bioquímicos referentes à FR cardiovascular, tais como, colesterol total e frações (LDL-c e HDL-c), triglicérides, glicemia, insulina, Homa-beta e Homa-IR, ácido úrico, bem como, para avaliação de indicadores inflamatórios (Proteína C Reativa (PCR), Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF-) e Isoprostane Sérico), hormonais (Leptina e Adiponectina) e nutricionais (Enterodiol e Enterolactona séricas e urinárias). Observou-se que para redução significativa das medidas antropométricas estudadas e indicador de estresse oxidativo não houve diferenças entre os grupos que receberam intervenção dietética. Entretanto, para a melhora do perfil bioquímico, inflamatório, hormonal e nutricional, diferentes respostas foram encontradas. Os grupos que receberam dietas com redução de CH total (32% e 35%) mostraram benefícios, no que se refere ao perfil bioquímico, especialmente, colesterol total, LDL-c e ácido úrico, como também, para o perfil hormonal, referente aos níveis de adiponectina (p <0,05). Com relação aos níveis de PCR e TNF-, apenas os grupos que tiveram acréscimo de semente de linhaça na dieta apresentaram redução significativa (p<0,05). Para os níveis de triglicérides, somente o grupo com adição de semente de linhaça e 32 % de CH total apresentou diminuição significativa (p<0,05). Foi observado que com 32 % de CH total ingerido e adição de um alimento rico em lignanas constituiu-se uma estratégia nutricional relevante, para prevenção primária de fatores de risco metabólicos e controle da inflamação subclinica, o que pode contribuir na redução da morbi-mortalidade a eles associada.The control of subclinical inflammatory process is associated with the prevention nutritional RF (risk factor), such as dislipidemia and the increase of visceral fat deposition. Nutritional, inflammatory and metabolic indicators seem also to related to life style. The linseed has been recognized as rich in fibers and -3. However, a new component in its nutritional composition has deserved the attention for its anti- inflammatory and antioxidant roles. This component is called lignans, a complex polymer and the main non-carbohydrate constituent of vascular plants. It is binded to cellulose fibers and is responsible for reinforcing cell walls structure, preventing them from collapsing. Plant lignans, in contact with the human intestinal flora, become enterolignans, specially enterodiol and enterolactone. This present work hypothetically that the amount of dietetic plant lignans interfere in the metabolic profile, altering the risk factors involved in the nutritional health state and consequently, the welfare state. Therefore, the objective of this study is to know if different diet nutritional composition characteristics can change the inflammatory profile, independently of the presence of enterolignans from the linseed. For 42 days, 52 male volunteers, average 37±9 years old, from a industrial city of Itu-SP, were evaluated. The volunteers were divided into 4 research groups; one control group and 3 groups on isocaloric diets with different proportion of carbohydrate (CH) and the addition of powdered linseed or ground raw rice (a double blind protocol). Personal data, RF (hypertension, dislipidemia and diabetes), habits (smoking and sedentary) and family antecedents were collected. A nutritional-laboratorial evaluation was performed in order to get anthropometric data; blood pressure checked and blood samples (after 12 hours fast) for total cholesterol and fractions (LDL-c and HDL-c ), triglycerides, glycemia, insulin, Homa-beta and Homa-IR, uric acid, inflammatory indicators (Reactive-C Protein (PCR) , Tumoral Necrosis Factor (TNF-a) and Seric Isoprostane ), hormonal (Leptin and Adiponectin), enterodiol and enterolactone seric and urinary enterolignins. It was observed a reduction of the studied anthropometric measures and for the oxidative stress indicators. A significant change occurred in the anthropometric measurements and the oxidative stress marker evaluated for all groups, but no difference among them was noted. On the other hand, biochemical, inflammatory, hormonal and nutritional profile significant differences among groups was observed. The groups that received diets with the reduction of the total CH (32% and 35% ) showed improvements in the biochemical profile, specially in the total cholesterol, LDL-c and uric acid, as well as the hormonal profile, in the levels of adiponectin (p< 0,05) . The levels of PCR and TNF-a, only the groups that had the linseed, showed a reduction (p< 0,05). For the triglycerides levels, only the group with the addition of linseed and 32% of total CH showed a decrease. It was observed with 32% of CH and the addition of food lignans constitute a nutritional relevant strategy for the primary prevention of metabolic risk factors and control of subclinical inflammation, contributing to the reduction of the associated morbi-mortality.
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Spona-Friedl, Marina [Verfasser]. "Substrate dependent heterotrophic CO2-fixation as indicator for metabolic phenotypes / Marina Spona-Friedl." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219903590/34.
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González, Martínez Ana Citlalic. "Social metabolism and patterns of material use Mexico, South-America and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5812.
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La presente tesis se compone de tres artículos publicados y uno enviado para publicación. Son cuatro casos de estudio que comparten el mismo eje teórico: el metabolismo social. Usando la metodología Contabilidad de Flujos de Materiales se han medido las entradas de materiales de varias economías. Los indicadores que se obtienen aplicando esta metodología permiten caracterizar los perfiles metabólicos de las economías estudiadas, identificando los factores más importantes que los determinan. Asimismo, estos indicadores pueden considerarse como una medida indirecta de la presión que una economía ejerce en el medio ambiente. Por otra parte, esta tesis tiene como objetivo dar evidencia empírica sobre la ausencia de desmaterialización de las economías. La principal conclusión es que en este mundo globalizado, los países son cada vez más dependientes del comercio internacional y el papel que un país juega en el concierto internacional determina en gran medida la manera como utiliza sus recursos materiales. Sin embargo, esta dependencia sigue diversas trayectorias. Por una parte, identificamos un conjunto de países como España que se ha beneficiado de este proceso. En las últimas dos décadas, este país ha logrado aumentar su bienestar económico usando intensivamente recursos provenientes de otros sistemas socioeconómicos, como el petróleo. Sin embargo, el principal factor determinante de su perfil biofísico ha sido el sector de la construcción. Por otra parte, identificamos aquellos países que históricamente han basado sus economías en la extracción de recursos naturales como Chile, Ecuador, México y Perú y que actualmente no presentan un patrón uniforme de uso de recursos naturales. En Ecuador, Chile y Perú, el comercio internacional ha sido el principal determinante del patrón e intensidad del uso de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, Ecuador sigue siendo el ejemplo típico de economía extractiva mientras que Chile ha logrado una diversificación de sus exportaciones con mayor valor agregado. Este proceso se observa pero de manera muy incipiente en Perú. Chile puede considerarse como el ejemplo más exitoso en la región del modelo basado en exportaciones de materias primas al lograr un fuerte crecimiento económico. México es un caso especial y contradictorio, porque a pesar de ser un importante exportador de petróleo, ha logrado una diversificación de su producción hacía sectores con un mayor componente tecnológico debido a la creciente presencia de la industria maquiladora. Sin embargo, no son sus flujos de exportaciones ni el crecimiento económico los principales determinantes del uso que hace de sus recursos materiales sino el crecimiento de la población. Por otra parte, se observa un incremento considerable en el uso de materiales de construcción y energéticos fósiles en toda la economía mientras que al mismo tiempo, la población rural sigue dependiendo de fuentes tradicionales de energía como la leña para satisfacer sus necesidades energéticas. Otra conclusión general es que no se observa un proceso de desmaterialización ni absoluta ni relativa en ninguno de los países analizados.This thesis is composed of three published articles and a submitted one. All share the same theoretical approach: social metabolism. By tracing all material flows into several economic systems by means of the Material Flows Accounting methodology (MFA), this thesis aims on the one hand at characterizing current metabolic profiles of different economies, identifying their main driving forces; on the other hand, it aims at providing empirical evidence on dematerialisation of the economies. The main conclusion is that in our globalised world, countries are becoming more dependent on international trade and that the role a country plays in the international markets strongly determines its pattern of material use. This dependency followed different trajectories. On the one hand, we identify countries such as Spain that benefited from this process as it increased welfare based in an intensive use of strategic natural resources coming from other economic systems such as fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the main driving force shaping the biophysical profile of this economy was the construction sector, an internal factor. On the other hand, we identify those countries that historically have relied on the extraction of natural resources such as Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru although we can no longer talk about a uniform pattern of natural resource use in the region. In Ecuador, Chile and Peru, international trade was the main driving force for material use. Ecuador remains the typical example of an extractive economy whereas a diversification of exports away from bulk commodities towards products with more added value could be observed to a greater extent in Chile and incipiently in Peru. Chile can be regarded as a successful example of the staple theory of growth as its GDP increased considerably. Mexico is a special and contradictory case. Firstly, despite being an important oil exporter, it has achieved a diversification of production, moving towards technology-intensive products due to the assembly industries. Secondly, despite it has a great potential of biomass extraction, it is undergoing a substitution process of imported biomass for national biomass, in particular, basic crops for human consumption. Instead of international trade, population growth was the main driving force for biophysical growth in this economy. Thirdly, it was observed an increasing emphasis on the use of construction materials and fossil fuels in the whole economy whereas in the countryside, rural households still rely heavily on traditional biomass flows such as fuelwood to satisfy their energetic needs. A general conclusion is that neither absolute dematerialisation nor relative dematerialisation occurred in any of the analysed countries.
Books on the topic "Metabolic indicators"
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Dakshinamurti, Krishnamurti. Vitamin Receptors: Vitamins as Ligands in Cell Communication - Metabolic Indicators (Intercellular and Intracellular Communication). Cambridge University Press, 1994.
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Monitoring Metabolic Status: Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance. National Academies Press, 2004.
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Armstrong, Neil, and Joanne R. Welsman. Aerobic fitness. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0008.
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Maximal oxygen uptake ( V O 2 · max), the highest rate at which an individual can consume O2 during exercise, is widely recognized as the best single measure of adults’ aerobic fitness.1,2 Maximal V O 2 · ultimately limits an individual’s capacity to perform aerobic exercise but it does not describe fully all aspects of aerobic fitness. The transient kinetics of V O 2 · best reflect the integrated response of the O2 delivery system and the metabolic requirements of the exercising muscle to rapid changes in exercise intensity. Furthermore, V O 2 · max is not the best index of an individual’s ability to sustain submaximal aerobic exercise and despite its derivation from anaerobic metabolism, measures of blood lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise provide useful indicators of aerobic fitness.As the assessment of V O 2 · kinetics is addressed in Chapter 22, in this chapter, we will focus on the assessment of V O 2 · max and blood lactate accumulation.
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Luca, Maurizio De, Luigi Angrisani, Giampaolo Formisano, and Antonella Santonicola. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures. Springer, 2018.
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Luca, Maurizio De, Luigi Angrisani, and Giampaolo Formisano. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures. Springer, 2017.
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Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures. Springer, 2016.
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Garbarino, Sergio. Morbidity, mortality, societal impact, and accident in sleep disorders. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0053.
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Sleep disorders are associated with several morbidities, most strongly with psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and impaired quality of life, as well as with increased mortality. Sleep problems are common across the lifespan from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. Physiological sleep continuity with respect to circadian rhythms is considered to be important for the maintenance of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune function, physiological homeostasis, and psychological balance. Nowadays, it is reasonable to include sleep disturbances among the top 10 potentially modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The links between sleep disorders and morbidity as CVD show bidirectional associations. Because these disorders are chronic, they may also have a deleterious societal impact on a patient’s employment status, ability to work, risk of accident, and health. The relationship between work performance and sleep quality is reciprocal and potentially complex. This chapter illustrates the principal sleep disorders and their relevance as indicators of health status.
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Seyfried, Thomas N., and Laura M. Shelton. Metabolism-Based Treatments to Counter Cancer. Edited by Jong M. Rho. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0012.
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Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer is a type of mitochondrial metabolic disease. Chronic damage to mitochondria causes a gradual shift in cellular energy metabolism from respiration to fermentation. Consequently, fermentable metabolites become the drivers of cancer. Mitochondrial injury can explain the long-standing “oncogenic paradox,” and all major hallmarks of cancer including genomic instability. Restriction of fermentable fuels therefore becomes a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer management. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a metabolic therapy that lowers blood glucose and elevates blood ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are a “super fuel” for functional mitochondria, but cannot be metabolized efficiently by tumor mitochondria. The efficacy of KDs for cancer management can be enhanced when used together with drugs and procedures (such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy) (that further target fermentation. Therapeutic ketosis can represent an alternative, nontoxic strategy for managing and preventing a broad range of cancers while reducing healthcare costs.
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Afrand, Mohammadhosain, Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Ahmad Shojaoddiny-Ardekani, and Azita Ariaeinejad. Metabolic Syndrome and Ethnic Groups Second edition. Knowledge Kingdom Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/978-9931-9446-4-5.
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Metabolic syndrome is defined as the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (i.e. abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). Indeed, metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and/or CVD. Thus, the key clinical implication of a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is the identification of a patient who needs aggressive lifestyle modification focused on weight reduction and increased physical activity. Multiple different phenotypes and ethnic-specific values for waist circumference are included within metabolic syndrome, with indications for differing treatment strategies. This book covers several aspects of metabolic syndrome, including its definition, diagnostic criteria, preventive measures, and treatment, as well as the possible association between ethnicity and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.
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Bergin, Ann M. Ketogenic Diet in Established Epilepsy Indications. Edited by Eric H. Kossoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0006.
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The ketogenic diet is a metabolic therapy that provides an alternative strategy for seizure control in medication-resistant epilepsy. Many decades of continued use of diet therapy, amassing consistent observational evidence, was recently supported by a randomized, controlled study indicating benefit of diet treatment in children with refractory epilepsy as compared with a control group who continued with standard of care and delayed diet treatment for three months. Well-established uses include children with refractory, nonsurgical epilepsies and epileptic encephalopathies including infantile spasms and West syndrome, Lennox Gastaut syndrome, and Dravet and Doose syndromes. Current knowledge on the efficacy and role of diet therapy in these conditions are discussed.
Book chapters on the topic "Metabolic indicators"
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Gieg, Lisa M., and Joseph M. Suflita. "Metabolic Indicators of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Petroleum-Laden Environments." In Petroleum Microbiology, 337–56. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817589.ch17.
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Liotta, L., B. Chiofalo, E. D’Alessandro, and V. Chiofalo. "Study of some haematic parameters as indicators of the metabolic nutritional status in Nero Siciliano growing pigs." In New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production, 165–68. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-726-4_26.
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Gentileschi, Paolo, Stefano D’Ugo, and Francesco Rubino. "Diabetes Surgery: Current Indications and Techniques." In Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, 173–81. Milano: Springer Milan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-3944-5_18.
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Lucchese, Marcello, Giovanni Quartararo, Lucia Godini, Alessandro Sturiale, and Enrico Facchiano. "Indications for Bariatric Surgery." In Minimally Invasive Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, 133–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15356-8_13.
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Lazarus, John H., and Keith J. Collard. "Indications for Lithium Therapy." In Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Lithium, 17–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2016-4_2.
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Busetto, Luca, Paolo Sbraccia, and Ferruccio Santini. "Current Indications to Bariatric Surgery in Adult, Adolescent, and Elderly Obese Patients." In Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, 9–18. Milano: Springer Milan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-3944-5_2.
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Shreeve, Walton W. "In Vitro Indicators of Metabolism of Natural Compounds." In Molecular Nuclear Medicine, 327–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_14.
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Eprintsev, Alexander T., Natalia V. Selivanova, and Abir U. Igamberdiev. "Enzymatic Conversions of Glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric Acid as Indicators of Plant Stress Response." In Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants, 71–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9790-9_7.
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Graf, G., and P. Linke. "Adenosine Nucleotides as Indicators of Deep-Sea Benthic Metabolism." In Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle, 237–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2452-2_14.
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Schwab, Andreas J. "A Generalized Mathematical Theory of the Multiple-Indicator Dilution Method." In Whole Organ Approaches to Cellular Metabolism, 369–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2184-5_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Metabolic indicators"
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Sakhno, T. A., M. P. Semenenko, and V. N. Grin. "DYNAMICS OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD IN FRESH COWS ON THE BACKGROUND OF HEPATOPROTECTOR APPLICATION." In "International Scientific and Practical Conference" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF VETERINARY PHARMACY, ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY IN AIC ", dedicated to the centenary of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SPbSUVM. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2021-2-211-212.
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The influence of a new injectable hepatoprotective drug livasen in the prevention of hepatosis in highly productive fresh cows has been studied. The performed pharmacoprophylaxis has shown high efficiency in the correction of diseases of the hepatobiliary system and metabolic insufficiency.
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Kosolapov, Andrey. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF SILAGE WHEN USING VARIOUS PRESERVING AGENT." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-145-150.
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A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of biological products of domestic production Biosib + Bioferm and a similar foreign Biotal Asidfast NS Gold for silage of perennial grasses of the first mowing is given. The advantage of the complex preparation Biosib + Bioferm has been established, the use of which leads to a higher content of crude and used protein, structural carbohydrates, metabolic and net lactation energy, and better digestibility of organic matter.
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Xia, Chunguang, and Nicholas Fang. "Enhanced Mass Transport Through Permeable Polymer Microcirculatory Networks." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15408.
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One of the obstacles of culturing functioning vital tissues in vitro is to obtain a substantial biomass at a physiological cell density (>108cells/cm3). At this high density, the diffusion length of metabolites is limited to ~100um. As a matter of fact, in real tissue, almost all the cells are located within 100um distance from the capillaries [1]. Studies [2, 3] also confirmed that the cells in the artificial tissue cannot be properly cultured when they are further than 400um from the external nutrient source. Therefore, to culture three dimensional artificial tissue with substantial biomass, vascularization is necessary to enhance the metabolites transport. The short diffusion length of the metabolites requires high capillary density (>100/mm2) in vascularization. To meet this need, we have developed a novel high resolution and high speed 3D microfabrication technique, the projection microstereolithography[4] to explore microcirculatory networks with high density (>150/mm2). Using this technology we designed and fabricated the microreactors as shown in Figure 1. In our samples, 800um PEG microcapillaries with 20um inner radius and 40um outer radius with pitch of 96um are fabricated. Two rings as inlet and outlet are connected to external supply of culture medium. We designed the parameters of the vascularized microbioreactor based on the simulations of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport and metabolism in hepatocytes. As shown in Figure 2, the capillaries are arranged in a hexagonal way. According to the geometric symmetry, the final simulation domain is divided into 2 regions, the polymer capillary wall and the tissue. We assumed that a culture media with dissolved oxygen is pumped through the capillaries at 1.5mm/s rate and diffuses through the capillary wall, into the hepatocytes. The consumption of oxygen follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics [5, 6] and the metabolic rate of carbon dioxide is assumed to be proportional to that of oxygen by a fixed quotient (-0.81) which is addressed and studied by other groups [7]. The carbon dioxide diffuses into the capillaries and can be carried away through the flow of the culture medium. Our simulation indicates that the bottleneck of effective oxygen transport is the permeability of the polymer materials. The oxygen concentration drops off about 90% after diffusing through the capillary wall. It is predicted that the diffusion length at the inlet is 74um and 48um at the outlet; the rapid drop of carbon dioxide concentration also happens across the capillary wall. The predicted carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue is ~80nmol/cm3; this value is much smaller than the toxic value (100mmHg or 3umol/cm3) reported by David Gray and coworkers [8]. In Figure 2, we present the effect of the permeability of the capillary polymer materials on the diffusion length of oxygen and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the tissue. Our study indicates the existence of an optimal permeability for the capillary network, at which the overall diffusion length of oxygen is maximized. Interestingly, we also found a maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the cultured tissue as the permeability of the polymer material changes. We attribute it to the competition between the tissue thickness and the permeability. Higher permeability increases the cultured tissue thickness, and also increases the ability of capillary to empty carbon dioxide. Not only is this model applicable for oxygen and carbon dioxide, but also for the transport of other metabolites. As an ongoing experimental effort, our fluorescent microscopy measurement validated the diffusion transport of fluorescent species from the capillary (Figure 3). Experiments are also in progress on the oxygen diffusion from the capillaries will cell cultures of high density on the PEG scaffold by introducing proper indicators. In summary, we have established a method to design and manufacture vascularized microcirculatory network to enhance the mass transport during the tissue culture. To ensure the effective nutrient delivery and wastes removal, our numerical simulation also confirms that it is essential to embed high density microcapillaries with optimal permeability.
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Habes, Maria, Rachel Salvador, Erica Dijkers, and R. P. Van Steenwijk. "Arterial lactate vs venous lactate as indicator of metabolic limitation during cardiopulmonary exercise testing." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1408.
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Pepper, Matthew E., Li Wang, Ajay Padmakumar, Timothy C. Burg, Sarah W. Harcum, and Richard E. Groff. "A CMI (Cell metabolic indicator)-based controller for achieving high growth rate Escherichia coli cultures." In 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944232.
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Auziņš, Ernests Tomass. "Kā raugs uzvedas, kad tam atņem būvelementus?" In LU Studentu zinātniskā konference "Mundus et". LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lu.szk.2.rk.02.
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The study explored changes in carbon fluxes in the central metabolism of brewer’s yeast in the absence of building blocks such as adenine or nitrogen. These flows provide insight into changes in the central metabolism of brewer’s yeast. It was found that in the absence of a building block, the yeast mainly uses fermentation for growth, producing ethanol. Deletion of Δade1 in purine de novo synthesis reduces ethanol production, and decreased glycerol production in adenine starvation indicates a slowing of central metabolism.
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Mointire, V. L., A. J. Frangos, G. B. Rhee, G. S. Eskin, and R. E. Hall. "RHEOLOGY AND CELL ACTIVATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643988.
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The subject of this work is to examine the hypothesis that some sublytic levels of mechanical perturbation of cells can stimulate cell metabolism. As a marker metabolite, we have chosen arachidonic acid. Principal metabolites for platelets include the cyclooxygenase product thromboxane A2(TXA2) and the lipoxygenase product 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) initally produce principally 5-HPETE, somtimes leading to the formation leukotrienes, though many other metabolites of arachidonic acid have been isolated from activated neutrophils. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells utilize arachidonic acid to produce mainly prostaglandin I2(PGI2). All of these metabolites are biologically active and modulate cell function - sometimes in quite contrasting ways. We will show that levels of sublytic mechanical stress exposure can stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism in all three of the cell types mentioned above. The biological implications of this stress/metabolism coupling may be quite far reaching.Human platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells all appear to be sensitive to mechanical stress induced activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. Sheared PRP exhibited greatly increased synthesis of 12-HETE and surprisingly little thromboxane B2 production. This indicates that shear stress stimulation of platelets may produce quite different arachidonic acid metabolism than that seen with many direct chemical stimuli, such as thrombin or collagen.Our data demonstrate that a substance derived from shear induced platelet activation may activate the C-5 lipoxygenase of human PMNL under stress, leading to the production of LTB4. We hypothesize that this substance maybe 12-HPETE. LTB4 is known to be a very potent chemotactic factor and to induce PMNL aggregation and degranulation. Our studies provide further evidence that lipoxygenase products of one cell type can modulate production of lipoxygenase products in a second cell type, and that shear stress can initiate cell activation. This kind of coupling could have far reaching implications in terms of our understanding of cell/cell interaction in flowing systems, such as acute inflammation, artificial organ implantation and tumor metastasis.The data on PGI2 production by endothelial cells demonstrate that physiological levels of shear stress can dramatically increase arachidonic acid metabolism. Step increases in shear stress lead to a burst in production of PGI2 which decayed to a steady state value in several minutes. This longer term stimulation of prostacyclin production rate increased linearly with shear stress over the range of 0-24 dynes/cm2. In addition, pulsatile flow of physiological frequency and amplitude caused approximately 2.4 times the PGI2 production rate as steady flow with the same mean stress. Although only PGI2 was measured, it is likely that other arachidonic acid metabolites of endothelial cells are also affected by shear stress.The ability of cells to respond to external stimuli involves the transduction of a signal across the plasma membrane. One such external stimulus appears to be fluid shear stress. Steady shear flow induces cell rotation in suspended cells, leading to a periodic membrane loading, with the peak stress proportional to the bulk shear stress. On anchorage-dependent cells, such as endothelial cells, steady shear stress may act by amplifying the natural thermal or Brownian fluttering or rippling of the membrane. There are several possible mechanisms by which shear stress induced membrane perturbation could mimic a hormone/receptor interaction, leading to increased intracellular metabolism. Shear stress may induce increased phospholipase C activity, caused by translocation of the enzyme, increased substrate (arachidonic acid) pool availability to phospholipase C (particularly from that stored in phosphoinositols) due to shear-induced membrane movements or changes in membrane fluidity, direct activation of calcium - activated phospholipase A2 by increased membrane calcium ion permeability, or most probably by a combination of these mechanisms.
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Schilling, Kathrin, Alexander Halliday, Alastair Lamb, Tatjana Cronogorac-Jurcevic, and Fiona Larner. "Urinary Zinc Stable Isotope Signature as Indicator for Cancer Types with Disrupted Zinc Metabolism." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2305.
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Khunderyakova, Nаtalia, Alexsey Mosentsov, Natalia Belosludtseva, Natalia Khmil, Mariya Koroleva, Vasilisa Medvedeva, Sofia Khunderyakova, Svetlana Zaichkina, Polina Shvartsburd, and Galina Mironova. "CYTOBIOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF INTEGRAL METABOLISM OF BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AS INDICATOR OF INTRACELLULAR ENERGY STATE." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2389.sudak.ns2021-17/409-410.
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Mitsubayashi, Kohji, Po-Jen Chien, Ming Ye, Takuma Suzuki, Koji Toma, and Takahiro Arakawa. "Fluorometric biosniffer (biochemical gas sensor) for breath acetone as a volatile indicator of lipid metabolism." In SPIE BioPhotonics Australasia, edited by Mark R. Hutchinson and Ewa M. Goldys. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2244660.
Full textReports on the topic "Metabolic indicators"
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Westall, Megan, Tara McDaneld, and Diane Moody Spurlock. Towards the Identification of Indicators for Metabolic Stress in Dairy Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-765.
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Stefanova, Katya, Ginka Delcheva, Teodora Stankova, Ana Maneva, Pavel Selimov, Rositsa Karalilova, and Anastas Batalov. sRANKL, OPG and sRAGE as Markers of Bone Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relation to Indicators of Impaired Iron Homeostasis and Inflammation. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.08.16.
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