Dissertations / Theses: 'Metabolic indicators'

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Gotschi, Manuela. "The use of blood metabolic concentrations as indicators of the metabolic and productive status in dairy cows." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312008-145827.

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Vasunta, R. L. (Riitta-Liisa). "Ambulatory blood pressure:association with metabolic risk indicators, renal function and carotid artery atherosclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299605.

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Abstract Blood pressure is usually measured on a clinic visit as a momentary value. It can also be defined as a continuum based on several repeated measurements. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) is a method of repeated BP measurements targeted to evaluate the circadian blood pressure (BP). Nondipping, i.e., the lack of reduction of BP during the night, has been shown to associate with cardiovascular endpoints. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 24-hour ABPM and cardio-metabolic confounders in a cross-sectional, population-based study design. Particular attention was paid to the nondipping phenomenon. Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, has vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Reduced adiponectin level has been associated with hypertension. In this study adiponectin level was inversely associated with daytime systolic BP, but showed no association with nondipping. Hypertension is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS). MS has been associated with nondipping. The association between ABPM and metabolic abnormalities was studied in subjects without known hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Subjects with impaired glucose metabolism were more likely to belong to the group of nondippers. Fatty liver is considered as the hepatic manifestation of MS. A significantly higher prevalence of fatty liver has been seen in hypertensives compared to normotensive controls, elevating their risk for cardiovascular morbidity. The association between ABPM characteristics and fatty liver was evaluated in the present study. Significantly higher systolic ABPM levels were seen in subjects with fatty liver, but no association with nondipping existed. The kidney vasculature is prone to injury under a high continuous circadian BP load and lacking nighttime drop. This may lead to diminished glomerular filtration rate. Our study showed a significant independent association between renal function and the dipping status. Reduction in renal function was associated with increased risk of nondipping pattern. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), the surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis, has been associated with blunted nocturnal BP drop. The association between cIMT and dipping status was explored. Nondipping pattern was associated with increased cIMT. In conclusion, ABPM specifies the information of circadian and nighttime BP level not achievable with conventional BP measurement. This is especially beneficial in metabolic abnormalities when the risk of cardiovascular morbidity is increased
Tiivistelmä Väitöstutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että vuorokausiverenpaineen mittauksella eli ambulatorisella verenpaineenmittauksella on erityistä merkitystä sydän- ja verenpainesairastavuutta lisäävien metabolisten häiriöiden yhteydessä. Työssä haluttiin selvittää 24 tunnin aikana mitatun verenpainetason ja puuttuvan yöaikaisen verenpaineenlaskun eli nondipping-ilmiön yhteyttä tunnettuihin metabolisiin riskitekijöihin ja kaulavaltimoseinämän paksuuntumaan. Kyseessä on suomalaiseen, keski-ikäiseen väestöotokseen kohdistunut poikkileikkaustutkimus. Tavallisesti yöaikainen verenpainetaso laskee 10 % tai enemmän päiväaikaiseen verenpainetasoon nähden (dipping). Verenpaineen lasku voi kuitenkin jäädä puutteelliseksi (nondipping). Nondipping-ilmiön on todettu lisäävän sydän- ja verisuonisairastuvuuden riskiä. Kaulavaltimoseinämän paksuuntumaa on pidetty merkkinä varhaisesta valtimosairaudesta ja maksan rasvakertymä katsottu osaksi metabolista oireyhtymää. Metabolisiin häiriöihin sekä munuaistoiminnan häiriöihin liittyy lisääntynyt valtimosairauden riski. Väitöstutkimuksessa vuorokausiverenpaine mitattiin mukana kannettavalla automaattisella verenpaineenmittausmenetelmällä eli ambulatorisella verenpaineenmittauksella. Lisäksi verenpaine mitattiin tavalliseen tapaan vastaanottokäynnin yhteydessä. Maksan rasvaisuutta ja kaulavaltimon seinämäpaksuutta tutkittiin ultraäänilaitteella. Tavanomaisten taustamuuttujien lisäksi kerättiin laboratoriotietoa sokeriaineenvaihdunnasta, munuaissuodoksen määrästä sekä rasvakudoksen erittämän adiponektiinihormonin määrästä. Nondipping-ilmiön todettiin olevan itsenäisesti yhteydessä sokeriaineenvaihdunnan häiriöön, munuaissuodoksen alenemaan ja kaulavaltimon seinämäpaksuuntumaan. Kohonnut päiväaikainen systolinen verenpainetaso oli yhteydessä verisuoniston kannalta epäedulliseen adiponektiinihormonitasoon. Sekä systolinen että diastolinen verenpainetaso oli korkeampi henkilöillä, joilla todettiin maksan rasvoittuma kuin niillä, joilla ei ollut maksan rasvoittumaa. Tutkimus osoitti ambulatorisen verenpaineenmittauksen tuovan merkittävää lisätietoa etenkin sydän- ja verisuonisairastuvuuden riskiä jo sinällään lisäävissä tiloissa, kuten metabolisissa häiriöissä ja munuaistoiminnan alentumassa. Koska metaboliset häiriöt lisääntyvät jatkuvasti, on todennäköistä, että vuorokausiverenpaineen mittaus yleistyy osana valtimosairastavuuden kokonaisriskin arviointia

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De, Kock Andrea. "Metabolic syndrome indicators and target organ damage in urban active coping African and Caucasian men : the SABPA study / A. de Kock." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4736.

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MOTIVATION: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is creating immense concern worldwide. In 2009, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) announced the new MetS definition. MetS is diagnosed by any 3 of the following 5 indicators being present: increased waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, and fasting glucose values, and decreased high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) concentrations. Psychosocial stress relating to an urban environment or acculturation greatly influences the prevalence of both MetS and target organ damage (TOD). Furthermore, in urban Africans, active coping (AC) responses have been associated more with MetS and the related cardiovascular pathology than avoidance. A further synergistic effect of MetS and AC responses was also revealed in African men, in strong association with both subclinical atherosclerosis and renal impairment. Microalbuminuria was four times higher in Africans with MetS, than in those without any MetS indicators. Furthermore, Africans, especially those utilising AC responses, present with greater carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) than their Caucasian counterparts, although they exhibit a lipid profile that is anti–atherogenic. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were firstly to indicate and compare differences regarding AC responses in the African and Caucasian men, in accord with the prevalence of MetS indicators. Secondly, the extent to which AC responses and MetS indicators predict endothelial dysfunction was investigated. METHODOLOGY: This comparative target population study is nested in the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) study, which was conducted from February until the end of May in both 2008 (Africans) and 2009 (Caucasians), avoiding seasonal changes. The Ethics Committee of the North–West University approved the study, and all volunteers gave written informed consent prior to participation. Procedures were conducted according to the institutional guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants included 202 male teachers of which 101 were African and 101 Caucasian. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded with the Cardiotens CE120 at 30 minute intervals during the day and 60 minutes at night. Actical accelerometers determined physical activity (PA). Registered clinical psychologists supervised completion of the psychosocial questionnaires, including the Coping Strategy Indicator. Participants fasted overnight; after the last BP recording, disconnection of the Cardiotens CE120 and Actical followed. A fasting 8 hour overnight collected urine sample was obtained from each participant. Anthropometric measurements followed, after which a registered nurse commenced blood sampling. The SonoSite Micromaxx was used for the scanning of CIMT. MetS indicators (glucose, triglyceride, and HDL–C), together with gamma glutamyl transferase, cotinine, and ultrahigh–sensitivity C–reactive protein (hs–CRP), were analyzed with Konelab 20i. The albumin–to–creatinine ratio and CIMT determined TOD. Participants were stratified according to ethnicity and median splits of AC response scores (high AC and low AC). Diabetic medication users (n= 8), and participants with renal impairment (n= 2) or HIV positive (n= 13), were excluded from analyses. 2×2 ANCOVA’s determined significant interactions for ethnicity and AC. Partial correlations between MetS indicators and TOD were performed within each ethnic and AC group, independent of age, alcohol consumption and PA. Regression analyses were performed for four models, firstly with microalbuminuria and secondly with CIMT as dependent variables. Significant values were noted as p 0.05, r 0.35, and adjusted R2 0.25. RESULTS: Caucasian men were physically more active than African men, whilst BP, alcohol consumption and hs–CRP levels were significantly higher in African men. Psychological variables revealed higher avoidance scores in Caucasian men and higher social support scores in African men. More MetS indicators exceeded the IDF cut–off points in high AC African men (14.71%) than in their Caucasian counterparts (3.33%). Furthermore, more MetS indicators predicted endothelial dysfunction in African men, especially the high AC responders. CONCLUSION: The following hypotheses were accepted: high AC responses in urban African men were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS indicators than in their Caucasian counterparts, while MetS indicators were associated with a marker of TOD in urban high AC African men, but not in their Caucasian counterparts.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Brenninger, Vanessa. "Establishing evidence for practice in medical nutrition therapy a case study of the impact of a high amylose resistant starch diet on clinical indicators of the insulin resistant syndrome /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060712.103548/index.html.

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Harbron, Janetta. "The association between genotype and BMI, health and lifestyle indicators as well as weight loss outcomes in overweight/obese Caucasian adults." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6478.

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Thesis (PhD (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
Includes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Genetic screening to improve obesity treatment outcomes is available despite the lack of conclusive evidence, specifically for Caucasian South Africans, in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genotype (seven polymorphisms) and body mass index (BMI), health and lifestyle indicators in a cross-sectional sample of overweight/obese Caucasian adults (n=133), as well as the association between genotype and weight loss outcomes following an intervention (n=88) using a quasi experimental study design (time-series). The intervention consisted of a 24-week conservative weight loss programme that included dietary, physical activity and behavioural components. The primary null hypothesis for the cross-sectional sample, namely that there is no association between genotype and BMI, has not been rejected. A number of the secondary/exploratory hypotheses were rejected of which the most plausible associations (based on support by the literature and a physiological basis for the findng) are: 1) the mutant TT homozygotes of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism may have a higher risk to develop the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as they had significantly higher fasting triglyceride and glucose levels, a higher number of traits that met the diagnostic cut-off criteria for MetS and higher number of these subjects was diagnosed with MetS compared to the wild-type C-allele carriers; and 2) subjects with mutant alleles of either the FTO rs1421085 or rs17817449 polymorphisms may have poorer eating behaviours (a higher rigid control, habitual and emotional disinhibition, perceived hunger and internal locus for hunger) and higher intake of high-fat foods. The primary null hypothesis for the intervention sample, namely that there is no association between genotype and weight loss outcome, was not rejected for the FABP2 Ala54Thr, INSIG2 rs7566605, FTO rs1421085, ADRB3 Trp64Arg and GNB3 C825T polymorphisms. However, it was rejected in some instances indicating the following associations: 1) The wild-type TT homozygotes of the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism lost significantly more weight during the first two months of the program compared to the mutant allele carriers (this is a novel finding); 2) The wild-type Arg16Arg homozygotes of the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism lost significantly more weight during the first month of the program compared to the mutant allele carriers (this finding is supported by one other intervention study); 3) Subjects with a mutant C-allele of the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism and a mutant Gly16-allele of the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism lost significantly less weight over the six month intervention period (this is a novel genegene interaction finding). A number of secondary/exploratory hypotheses were rejected, of which the most plausible finding include that the improvement in emotional disinhibition in the wild-type TT subjects of the FTO rs1421085 polymorphism was associated with a more pronounced decrease in BMI over the six month weight loss period. The integration of the results from this study with the literature indicates that there is insufficient evidence at this stage for genetic screening of the polymorphisms investigated in this study and the provision of evidence-based personalized recommendations for weight loss in obese individuals. It is recommended that these associations should be viewed as priority in future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Genetiese sifting om die resultate van vetsug behandeling te verbeter is beskikbaar ten spyte van ‘n tekort aan genoegsame bewyse, spesifiek ten opsigte van Kaukasiërs van Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die assosiasie tussen genotipe (sewe polimorfismes) en liggaamsmassa indeks (LMI), gesondheid en lewenstyl indikatore in ‘n dwarssnit (cross-sectional) steekproef van oorgewig/vetsugtige Kaukasiër volwassenes (n=133) te ondersoek, asook die assosiasie tussen genotipe en gewigsverlies uitkomste na afloop van ‘n intervensie (n=88) in ‘n kwasi-eksperimentele studie ontwerp (tydreeks). Die intervensie het bestaan uit ‘n 24-week konserwatiewe gewigsverlies program met dieet, fisieke aktiwiteit en gedragskomponente. Die primêre nul hipotese vir die dwarsnit steekproef, naamlik dat daar geen assosiasie tussen genotipe en LMI is nie, is nie verwerp nie. ‘n Aantal sekondêre/spekulatiewe hipotesis is verwerp waarvan die mees geloofwaardige assosiasies (gebasseer op ondersteuning van die literatuur en ‘n fisiologiese basis vir die bevinding) die volgende insluit: 1) die mutante TT homosigote van die GNB3 C825T polimorfisme het moontlik ‘n hoër risiko vir die ontwikkeling van die metaboliese sindroom (MetS) aangesien hulle betekenisvolle hoër vastende trigliseriede en glukose vlakke gehad het, ‘n grooter aantal kenmerke gehad het wat aan die diagnostiese afsnykriteria vir MetS voldoen en ‘n grooter aantal van hierdie persone was met MetS gediagnoseer in vergelyking met die wilde-tipe C-alleel draers; en 2) persone met die mutante allele van die FTO rs1421085 of rs17817449 polimorfismes het moontlik ‘n swakker eetgedrag (‘n hoër rigiede kontrole, gewoonte en emosionele disinhibisie, waarneembare honger en interne lokus van honger) en ‘n hoër inname van hoë-vet voedsel. Die primêre nul hipotese vir die intervensie steekproef, naamlik dat daar geen assosiasie tussen genotipe en gewigsverlies uitkomste is nie, is nie vir die FABP2 Ala54Thr, INSIG2 rs7566605, FTO rs1421085, ADRB3 Trp64Arg en GNB3 C825T polimorfismes verwerp nie. Dit was egter in sommige gevalle vir die volgende assosiasies verwerp: 1) Die wilde-tipe TT homosigote van die FTO rs17817449 polimorfisme het betekenisvol meer gewig in die eerste twee maande van die program verloor in vergelyking met die mutante alleel draers (dit is ‘n nuwe bevinding); 2) Die wilde-tipe Arg16Arg homosigote van die ADRB2 Arg16Gly polimorfisme het betekenisvol meer gewig gedurende die eerste maand van die program verloor in vergelyking met die mutante alleel draers (hierdie bevinding word ondersteun deur een ander intervensie studie); 3) Persone met ‘n mutante C-alleel van die INSIG2 rs7566605 polimorfisme en ‘n mutante Gly16-allele van die ADRB2 Arg16Gly polimorfisme het minder gewig tydens die ses maande intervensie periode verloor (dit is ‘n nuwe geen-geen interaksie bevinding). ‘n Aantal sekondêre/ spekulatiewe hipoteses is verwerp, waarvan die mees geloofwaardigste bevinding insluit dat ‘n verbetering in emosionele disinhibisie van die wild-tipe TT persone van die FTO rs1421085 polimorfisme geassosieer was met ‘n meer prominente daling in LMI oor die ses maande gewigsverlies periode. Die integrasie van die resultate van hierdie navorsing met die literatuur dui aan dat daar op hierdie stadium onvoldoende bewyse vir genetiese sifting en die voorsiening van bewys-gebasseerde persoonlike aanbevelings vir gewigsverlies in vetsugtig individue bestaan vir die polimorfismes wat ondersoek is. Dit word aanbeveel dat hierdie assosiasies as prioriteit in toekomstige navorsing beskou moet word.

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CAJUEIRO, Jobson Filipe de Paula. "Influência das concentrações de cálcio sanguíneo de cabras leiteiras no período de transição sobre o perfil energético-proteico, mineral e hormonal." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6262.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Hypocalcemia in dairy cows has been studied around the world, mainly due to its impact on animal production and productivity, will be related to various diseases. However, few studies have been conducted on this disease in small ruminants, especially in dairy goats. Therefore , the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of calcium during the transition period in dairy goats in order to differentiate groups of hypocalcemic animals (G1) and normal calcium (G2), in order to infer the influence of subclinical hypocalcemia in profile metabolic thereof. For this, 35 goats, otherwise healthy, pregnant, primiparous and multiparous, crossbred or purebred dairy breeds used. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture before delivery [30 , 20 and 10 days before parturition (dap)] , on the day of partum and post -partum [10,20,30,40,50 and 60 days later parturition (dpp)]. The variables measured were: glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β - hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase, total protein (TP), albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), total calcium, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), chlorides, hormones cortisol and insulin, as well as ions Ca++, Na+ and K+. Were considered to have subclinical hypocalcemia goats showed that Ca++≤ 0.72mmol/L. The statistical model used for analysis was ANOVA . In G1 concentrations of Ca++ remained below that of G2 and the biggest difference ( P < 0.001 ) occurred at parturition . The highest concentrations of NEFA were observed at birth in both groups, but were higher in G1 (P< 0.03) than the G2 at delivery and during the pre -partum. The BHB had a slight growth from beginning to 40dpp in both the G1 and G2 and there were no differences between them. The behavior of amylase was increased in antepartum reaching their highest values to 10dpp and remained stable postpartum in both groups, did not return to their initial values. A decrease in the values of triglycerides 20dap until 10dpp and differences (P<0.05) were found between the pre-and postpartum in both groups occurred. Cholesterol remained slight growth in postpartum, a little more evident in G2 than in G1, however these did not differ. Reduction in the concentration of insulin to 10dap in both groups, but in this G1 was greater (P˂0.001) that some times postpartum. The highest values of cortisol and glucose occurred at delivery and there were no differences between groups. The PT values were rising delivery to 30dpp not returning to baseline values in both G1 and G2. Albumin fell to 20dap and grew from birth up to 30dpp when returned to its initial value in both groups. The lower (P<0.05) values of total calcium is given at birth and the G1 was lower than G2 in almost the entire period. It is concluded that in subclinically goats hypocalcemic serum concentrations of Ca++ fall before the normocalcêmicas goats and remain lower throughout the transition period and that some variables of the metabolic profile as NEFA, glucose, insulin and total calcium are strongly influenced by the Ca++. Furthermore, the lower food intake by goats with subclinical hypocalcemia is one of the main factors affecting the metabolic profile and probably the productivity of these animals. However, other studies should be conducted to measure the effects of this disease in its subclinical form , the production rates and the emergence of other diseases in the transition period in dairy goats.
A hipocalcemia em vacas leiteiras tem sido objeto de estudos ao redor do mundo, principalmente em função de seu impacto na produção e produtividade animal, por estar relacionada á diversas enfermidades. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos sobre esta enfermidade foram realizados em pequenos ruminantes, sobretudo em cabras leiteiras. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as concentrações de cálcio durante o período de transição em cabras leiteiras, afim de, diferenciar grupos de animais hipocalcêmicos (G1) e normocalcêmicos (G2), com o objetivo de inferir a influência da hipocalcemia subclínica no perfil metabólico destes. Para tanto, 35 cabras, hígidas, gestantes, primíparas e multíparas, mestiças ou puras de raças leiteiras foram utilizadas. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas por venopunção jugular no pré-parto [30, 20 e 10 dias antes do parto (dap)], no dia do parto e no pós-parto [10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias depois do parto (dpp)]. As variáveis mensuradas foram: glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), β-hidroxibutirato (BHB), colesterol, triglicerídeos, amilase, proteínas totais (PT), albumina, uréia, creatinina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), creatina quinase (CK), cálcio total, fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), cloretos, os hormônios cortisol e insulina, bem como os íons Ca++, Na+ e K+. Foram considerados com hipocalcemia subclínica as cabras que apresentaram Ca++≤0,72mmol/L. O modelo estatístico empregado para análise dos resultados foi a ANOVA. No G1 as concentrações de Ca++ mantiveram-se sempre abaixo do G2 e a maior diferença (P<0,001) ocorreu no dia do parto. As maiores concentrações de AGNE foram verificadas no parto, em ambos os grupos, porém no G1 foram maiores (P<0,03) que no G2 no parto e durante o pré-parto. O BHB teve um discreto crescimento do início até o 40dpp, tanto no G1 quanto no G2 e não houve diferenças entre eles. O comportamento da amilase foi crescente no pré-parto alcançando seus maiores valores aos 10dpp e manteve-se estável no pós-parto, em ambos os grupos, não retornando aos seus valores iniciais. Ocorreu uma queda nos valores dos triglicerídeos dos 20dap até os 10dpp e diferenças (P<0,05) foram verificadas entre o pré e o pós-parto, em ambos os grupos. O colesterol manteve discreto crescimento no pós parto, um pouco mais evidente no G2 que no G1, entretanto estes não diferiram. Houve redução na concentração da insulina aos 10dap em ambos os grupos, porém no G1 esta foi mais expressiva (P˂0,001) que alguns momentos do pós-parto. Os maiores valores do cortisol e da glicose ocorreram no parto e não ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos. Os valores de PT foram crescentes do parto aos 30dpp não retornando aos valores iniciais tanto no G1 quanto no G2. A albumina caiu aos 20dap e apresentou crescimento a partir do parto até aos 30dpp quando retornou ao seu valor inicial em ambos os grupos. Os menores (P<0,05) valores do cálcio total se deram no parto e o G1 foi menor que o G2 em quase todo o período. Conclui-se então que em cabras subclinicamente hipocalcêmicas as concentrações séricas do Ca++ caem antes que nas cabras normocalcêmicas e permanecem mais baixas durante todo o período de transição e que algumas variáveis do perfil metabólico como AGNE, glicose, insulina e o cálcio total sofrem forte influência do Ca++. Além disso, a menor ingestão alimentos pelas cabras com hipocalcemia subclínica é um dos principais fatores de interferência no perfil metabólico e provavelmente na produtividade destes animais. Contudo, outros trabalhos devem ser realizados a fim de mensurar os efeitos desta doença, na sua forma subclínica, nos índices produtivos e no surgimento de outras enfermidades no período de transição em cabras leiteiras.

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Fradinho, Maria João de Sousa Ferreira Martelo. "Growth and development of the Lusitano foal on extensive systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11426.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, especialidade de Produção Animal
The general aim of this study was to characterize the growth and development of the Lusitano foal bred and raised on extensive systems. In particular, the relationship between growth patterns and bone quality was evaluated. Additionally, nutritional status and body condition (BC) changes of the mares during the productive cycle were studied, in order to stablish appropriate scores to optimize the development of foals from pregnancy to weaning, as well as to increase the productive efficiency of the system. A longitudinal field study was conducted in four Lusitano stud-farms. Broodmares were monitored during three consecutive gestation/lactation cycles and foals were followed from birth to 42 months of age. The biomechanical properties of equine cortical bone were also assessed. Results showed that changes in broodmare body weight (BW) and BC were mainly influenced by pasture availability and quality and when the foaling season occurs in the year. The reproductive performance of mares and the growth of suckling foals were also clearly influenced by broodmare nutritional status. BC score changes at mating had a strong effect on fertility outcome of the first two estrous cycles after foaling, being highly impaired by BCS negative changes, whatever the BCS. Best fertility results were obtained with positive and greater BC changes. The Richards function was used to characterize foals’ growth patterns and growth curves were obtained for BW, withers height (WH), girth and cannon circumference. Lusitano foals showed slower BW growth rates, comparable with moderate growth levels proposed for other sport breeds. In contrast, WH growth rates were similar to those presented by early maturing breeds. The validity of the quantitative ultrasonoghraphy as a non-invasive method for the in vivo assessment of bone mechanical properties and overall bone quality was also demonstrated. Changes in foals BW and WH growth rates were associated with the presence of radiographic findings compatible with osteochondrosis (OC) lesions at the onset of training. When compared to healthy foals, OC positive foals seem to be early maturing as regards to BW, and showed a tendency for worse cortical bone quality, lower IGF-I and higher insulin and PTH concentrations. The results underline the importance of an early monitoring of foals’ growth during the first year of life in order to avoid sudden changes to the average growth rates and to promote a better osteoarticular quality of the Lusitano horse. The integrated approach in what concerns mares and foals management decisions, in particular the choice of the foaling season and the introduction of adequate feeding strategies, will be determinant for the improvement of the efficiency and profitability of the Lusitano production systems.
RESUMO - O crescimento e desenvolvimento do poldro de raça Lusitana em sistemas extensivos - O presente estudo teve como principal objectivo a caracterização do crescimento e do desenvolvimento do poldro de raça Lusitana, em sistemas extensivos. Em particular, foi avaliada a relação entre os padrões de crescimento e a qualidade do tecido ósseo. O estado nutricional e evolução da condição corporal (CC) das éguas de ventre ao longo do ciclo produtivo foram igualmente estudados, no sentido de estabelecer os índices mais adequados à optimização do desenvolvimento dos poldros desde a gestação até ao desmame, bem como de aumentar a eficiência produtiva do sistema. Para o efeito foi realizado um trabalho de campo longitudinal, no qual foram acompanhados animais pertencentes a quatro coudelarias. As éguas foram avaliadas durante três ciclos produtivos (gestação/lactação) consecutivos e os poldros foram seguidos desde o desmame aos 42 meses de idade. Paralelamente foram também estudadas as propriedades biomecânicas do osso cortical do cavalo. As variações do peso vivo (PV) e da CC das éguas ao longo do ciclo produtivo foram sobretudo influenciadas pela disponibilidade e qualidade da pastagem e pela época de parto. O desempenho reprodutivo das éguas e o crescimento dos poldros lactentes foram afectados pelo estado nutricional das éguas. A variação da CC no período correspondente à cobrição teve um forte efeito na fertilidade dos dois primeiros estros, sendo esta claramente prejudicada por variações negativas da CC, independentemente da nota observada. As melhores taxas de fertilidade foram obtidas com variações positivas e mais elevadas de CC. A função de Richards foi utilizada na caracterização dos padrões de crescimento dos poldros, tendo sido obtidas curvas de crescimento para o PV, altura ao garrote (AG), perímetro torácico e perímetro da canela. No que se refere ao PV, os poldros Lusitanos apresentaram taxas de crescimento mais lentas, podendo enquadrar-se nos valores propostos para um crescimento moderado em outras raças de desporto. No entanto, as taxas de crescimento para a AG foram semelhantes às observadas em raças mais precoces. A ultrasonografia quantitativa foi confirmada como técnica não invasiva para a avaliação das propriedades biomecânicas e da qualidade do osso cortical em geral. A presença de sinais radiográficos de osteocondrose (OC) ao desbaste foi associada a alterações nas taxas de crescimento (PV e AG) dos poldros. Para além de apresentarem um índice de maturidade mais elevado para o PV, os poldros com OC revelaram uma tendência para uma menor qualidade do osso cortical, menores concentrações de IGF-I e concentrações mais elevadas de insulina e de PTH. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a importância de uma monitorização precoce do crescimento dos poldros, em particular durante o primeiro ano de vida, no sentido de evitar alterações súbitas das taxas médias de crescimento e de promover uma melhor qualidade osteoarticular no cavalo Lusitano. A abordagem integrada das opções de maneio nas éguas e nos poldros, em particular no que se refere a uma melhor gestão da época de partos e à introdução de estratégias alimentares adequadas, será determinante para a melhoria da eficiência e da produtividade dos sistemas de produção do cavalo Lusitano.

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Cassani, Roberta Soares Lara. "Linhaça e lignanas: efeito do consumo sobre indicadores nutricionais e inflamatórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-04042012-125620/.

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O processo inflamatório subclinico encontra-se associado à prevenção e controle de um agrupamento de fatores de risco (FR) nutricionais, entre eles, dislipidemia e aumento de depósito de gordura visceral. Indicadores nutricionais, inflamatórios e metabólicos parecem estar associados com o estilo de vida. A semente de linhaça tem sido reconhecida como um alimento rico em fibras e -3, entretanto, um novo constituinte de sua composição nutricional tem merecido atenção, pelo seu papel antiinflamatório e antioxidante. Este componente é chamado de lignanas, um polímero complexo e o principal constituinte não-carbohidrato de plantas vasculares. Está ligado a fibras de celulose, e é responsável por reforçar a estrutura das paredes celulares, o que previne o colapso das mesmas. Lignanas, em contato com a microflora intestinal humana transformam-se em enterolignanas, especialmente, enterodiol e enterolactona. O presente trabalho tem por hipótese que o teor de lignanas dietético pode interferir no perfil metabólico, e alterar fatores de riscos envolvidos no estado nutricional, e consequentemente na saúde. O conhecimento de que diferentes características na composição nutricional de macronutrientes da dieta poderiam modificar o perfil inflamatório, independentemente, da presença das enterolignanas provenientes da semente de linhaça também constituíram o objetivo deste estudo. Por 42 dias, foram avaliados 52 funcionários, pertencentes ao sexo masculino, com idade média de 37± 9 anos, de uma indústria de grande porte, na cidade de Itu-SP. Os voluntários foram divididos em 4 grupos de pesquisa, sendo, um grupo controle, e três grupos com dietas isocalóricas e diferentes proporções no % de carboidratos (CH), e acréscimo de semente de linhaça em pó ou arroz cru triturados (protocolo duplo cego). Foi preenchida ficha de coleta de informações sobre dados pessoais e conhecimento de fatores de risco (hipertensão, dislipidemia e diabetes), comportamentos de risco (tabagismo e sedentarismo) e antecedentes familiares. Foi também realizada avaliação clinico - laboratorial, no qual se obteve o registro de medidas antropométricas, medida da pressão arterial e coleta de sangue venoso em jejum de 12 h para avaliação de indicadores bioquímicos referentes à FR cardiovascular, tais como, colesterol total e frações (LDL-c e HDL-c), triglicérides, glicemia, insulina, Homa-beta e Homa-IR, ácido úrico, bem como, para avaliação de indicadores inflamatórios (Proteína C Reativa (PCR), Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF-) e Isoprostane Sérico), hormonais (Leptina e Adiponectina) e nutricionais (Enterodiol e Enterolactona séricas e urinárias). Observou-se que para redução significativa das medidas antropométricas estudadas e indicador de estresse oxidativo não houve diferenças entre os grupos que receberam intervenção dietética. Entretanto, para a melhora do perfil bioquímico, inflamatório, hormonal e nutricional, diferentes respostas foram encontradas. Os grupos que receberam dietas com redução de CH total (32% e 35%) mostraram benefícios, no que se refere ao perfil bioquímico, especialmente, colesterol total, LDL-c e ácido úrico, como também, para o perfil hormonal, referente aos níveis de adiponectina (p <0,05). Com relação aos níveis de PCR e TNF-, apenas os grupos que tiveram acréscimo de semente de linhaça na dieta apresentaram redução significativa (p<0,05). Para os níveis de triglicérides, somente o grupo com adição de semente de linhaça e 32 % de CH total apresentou diminuição significativa (p<0,05). Foi observado que com 32 % de CH total ingerido e adição de um alimento rico em lignanas constituiu-se uma estratégia nutricional relevante, para prevenção primária de fatores de risco metabólicos e controle da inflamação subclinica, o que pode contribuir na redução da morbi-mortalidade a eles associada.
The control of subclinical inflammatory process is associated with the prevention nutritional RF (risk factor), such as dislipidemia and the increase of visceral fat deposition. Nutritional, inflammatory and metabolic indicators seem also to related to life style. The linseed has been recognized as rich in fibers and -3. However, a new component in its nutritional composition has deserved the attention for its anti- inflammatory and antioxidant roles. This component is called lignans, a complex polymer and the main non-carbohydrate constituent of vascular plants. It is binded to cellulose fibers and is responsible for reinforcing cell walls structure, preventing them from collapsing. Plant lignans, in contact with the human intestinal flora, become enterolignans, specially enterodiol and enterolactone. This present work hypothetically that the amount of dietetic plant lignans interfere in the metabolic profile, altering the risk factors involved in the nutritional health state and consequently, the welfare state. Therefore, the objective of this study is to know if different diet nutritional composition characteristics can change the inflammatory profile, independently of the presence of enterolignans from the linseed. For 42 days, 52 male volunteers, average 37±9 years old, from a industrial city of Itu-SP, were evaluated. The volunteers were divided into 4 research groups; one control group and 3 groups on isocaloric diets with different proportion of carbohydrate (CH) and the addition of powdered linseed or ground raw rice (a double blind protocol). Personal data, RF (hypertension, dislipidemia and diabetes), habits (smoking and sedentary) and family antecedents were collected. A nutritional-laboratorial evaluation was performed in order to get anthropometric data; blood pressure checked and blood samples (after 12 hours fast) for total cholesterol and fractions (LDL-c and HDL-c ), triglycerides, glycemia, insulin, Homa-beta and Homa-IR, uric acid, inflammatory indicators (Reactive-C Protein (PCR) , Tumoral Necrosis Factor (TNF-a) and Seric Isoprostane ), hormonal (Leptin and Adiponectin), enterodiol and enterolactone seric and urinary enterolignins. It was observed a reduction of the studied anthropometric measures and for the oxidative stress indicators. A significant change occurred in the anthropometric measurements and the oxidative stress marker evaluated for all groups, but no difference among them was noted. On the other hand, biochemical, inflammatory, hormonal and nutritional profile significant differences among groups was observed. The groups that received diets with the reduction of the total CH (32% and 35% ) showed improvements in the biochemical profile, specially in the total cholesterol, LDL-c and uric acid, as well as the hormonal profile, in the levels of adiponectin (p< 0,05) . The levels of PCR and TNF-a, only the groups that had the linseed, showed a reduction (p< 0,05). For the triglycerides levels, only the group with the addition of linseed and 32% of total CH showed a decrease. It was observed with 32% of CH and the addition of food lignans constitute a nutritional relevant strategy for the primary prevention of metabolic risk factors and control of subclinical inflammation, contributing to the reduction of the associated morbi-mortality.

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Spona-Friedl, Marina [Verfasser]. "Substrate dependent heterotrophic CO2-fixation as indicator for metabolic phenotypes / Marina Spona-Friedl." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219903590/34.

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González, Martínez Ana Citlalic. "Social metabolism and patterns of material use Mexico, South-America and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5812.

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La presente tesis se compone de tres artículos publicados y uno enviado para publicación. Son cuatro casos de estudio que comparten el mismo eje teórico: el metabolismo social. Usando la metodología Contabilidad de Flujos de Materiales se han medido las entradas de materiales de varias economías. Los indicadores que se obtienen aplicando esta metodología permiten caracterizar los perfiles metabólicos de las economías estudiadas, identificando los factores más importantes que los determinan. Asimismo, estos indicadores pueden considerarse como una medida indirecta de la presión que una economía ejerce en el medio ambiente. Por otra parte, esta tesis tiene como objetivo dar evidencia empírica sobre la ausencia de desmaterialización de las economías. La principal conclusión es que en este mundo globalizado, los países son cada vez más dependientes del comercio internacional y el papel que un país juega en el concierto internacional determina en gran medida la manera como utiliza sus recursos materiales. Sin embargo, esta dependencia sigue diversas trayectorias. Por una parte, identificamos un conjunto de países como España que se ha beneficiado de este proceso. En las últimas dos décadas, este país ha logrado aumentar su bienestar económico usando intensivamente recursos provenientes de otros sistemas socioeconómicos, como el petróleo. Sin embargo, el principal factor determinante de su perfil biofísico ha sido el sector de la construcción. Por otra parte, identificamos aquellos países que históricamente han basado sus economías en la extracción de recursos naturales como Chile, Ecuador, México y Perú y que actualmente no presentan un patrón uniforme de uso de recursos naturales. En Ecuador, Chile y Perú, el comercio internacional ha sido el principal determinante del patrón e intensidad del uso de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, Ecuador sigue siendo el ejemplo típico de economía extractiva mientras que Chile ha logrado una diversificación de sus exportaciones con mayor valor agregado. Este proceso se observa pero de manera muy incipiente en Perú. Chile puede considerarse como el ejemplo más exitoso en la región del modelo basado en exportaciones de materias primas al lograr un fuerte crecimiento económico. México es un caso especial y contradictorio, porque a pesar de ser un importante exportador de petróleo, ha logrado una diversificación de su producción hacía sectores con un mayor componente tecnológico debido a la creciente presencia de la industria maquiladora. Sin embargo, no son sus flujos de exportaciones ni el crecimiento económico los principales determinantes del uso que hace de sus recursos materiales sino el crecimiento de la población. Por otra parte, se observa un incremento considerable en el uso de materiales de construcción y energéticos fósiles en toda la economía mientras que al mismo tiempo, la población rural sigue dependiendo de fuentes tradicionales de energía como la leña para satisfacer sus necesidades energéticas. Otra conclusión general es que no se observa un proceso de desmaterialización ni absoluta ni relativa en ninguno de los países analizados.
This thesis is composed of three published articles and a submitted one. All share the same theoretical approach: social metabolism. By tracing all material flows into several economic systems by means of the Material Flows Accounting methodology (MFA), this thesis aims on the one hand at characterizing current metabolic profiles of different economies, identifying their main driving forces; on the other hand, it aims at providing empirical evidence on dematerialisation of the economies. The main conclusion is that in our globalised world, countries are becoming more dependent on international trade and that the role a country plays in the international markets strongly determines its pattern of material use. This dependency followed different trajectories. On the one hand, we identify countries such as Spain that benefited from this process as it increased welfare based in an intensive use of strategic natural resources coming from other economic systems such as fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the main driving force shaping the biophysical profile of this economy was the construction sector, an internal factor. On the other hand, we identify those countries that historically have relied on the extraction of natural resources such as Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru although we can no longer talk about a uniform pattern of natural resource use in the region. In Ecuador, Chile and Peru, international trade was the main driving force for material use. Ecuador remains the typical example of an extractive economy whereas a diversification of exports away from bulk commodities towards products with more added value could be observed to a greater extent in Chile and incipiently in Peru. Chile can be regarded as a successful example of the staple theory of growth as its GDP increased considerably. Mexico is a special and contradictory case. Firstly, despite being an important oil exporter, it has achieved a diversification of production, moving towards technology-intensive products due to the assembly industries. Secondly, despite it has a great potential of biomass extraction, it is undergoing a substitution process of imported biomass for national biomass, in particular, basic crops for human consumption. Instead of international trade, population growth was the main driving force for biophysical growth in this economy. Thirdly, it was observed an increasing emphasis on the use of construction materials and fossil fuels in the whole economy whereas in the countryside, rural households still rely heavily on traditional biomass flows such as fuelwood to satisfy their energetic needs. A general conclusion is that neither absolute dematerialisation nor relative dematerialisation occurred in any of the analysed countries.

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Piñero, P. (Pablo). "The metabolism of socio-economic systems:combination of input-output analysis and material flow accounting for footprint-type indicators." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224848.

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Abstract This thesis explored innovative ways to improve estimation of material footprint-type indicators in application of Input-Output (IO) analysis to Material Flow Accounting. The following six research questions were addressed: 1) What is the potential impact of sector aggregation in IO modelling of raw material flows? Modelling errors due to aggregation of industries with dissimilar material requirements and trade structures into a single sector in IO models when calculating the material footprint were empirically analysed relative to greenhouse gas emissions. Significant biases emerged for raw material flows, which suggests that care should be taken when aggregating extractive sectors in IO models. 2) Can bottom-up approaches, such as LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), improve estimation of the raw materials embodied in trade products? and 3) What are the implications of integration of country-specific information from high geographical coverage IO models into LCA approaches for calculation of raw material embodied in trade products? An approach for combining country-specific production blueprints with LCA based on regional averages was developed. This approach proved useful in refining estimates of upstream raw materials embodied in trade products, although care is needed during its application since new biases may arise. 4) Can further perspectives be gained with a new allocation method, the ‘value added-based material footprint’, which assigns supply chain-wide raw material extractions to each participating economic actor according to its added value generation, contributing to discussions on the distribution of mitigation costs? Certain countries and sectors were found to be more material-intensive with this new accounting approach than in other widely known allocation methods, e.g. consumer footprint. 5) Are there unequal exchanges between high-income economies and middle- and lower-income countries when measured in terms of raw material and value added flows? and 6) Could integration of local and global IO data provide useful insights to study presence/absence of unequal material exchange at sub-national level? A study of material flows at inter- and intra-national level demonstrated that a regional economy can play a twofold role, both as sink or source of raw materials and in value added, depending on its position in the global economic hierarchy
Tiivistelmä Tässä työssä tutkittiin innovatiivisia tapoja, joilla voitaisiin parantaa materiaalijalanjälki -tyyppisten indikaattoreiden käytettävyyttä panos-tuotos (Input-Output, IO) -analyysissa, kun niitä sovelletaan Materiaalivirta-analyysi (Material Flow Accounting, MFA) -metodiin. Seuraaviin tutkimuskysymyksiin haettiin vastauksia: 1) Mikä on sektorien yhdistämisen potentiaalinen vaikutus raaka-ainevirtojen IO-mallintamisessa ja miten poikkeamia voidaan estää? Tämän puitteissa tarkasteltiin mallinnusvirheitä, jotka johtuvat erilaisten toimialojen yhdistämisistä yhdeksi sektoriksi. 2) Voivatko alhaalta ylöspäin suuntautuvat lähestymistavat, kuten elinkaariarviointi parantaa tuotteisiin sisältyvien raaka-ainevirtojen arviointia? ja 3) Mitä vaikutuksia on laajan maantieteellisen kattavuuden IO-malleihin sisältyvien maakohtaisten tietojen yhdistämisestä LCA-pohjaisiin lähestymistapoihin, kun tavoitteena on laskea tuotteisiin sisältyviä raaka-ainemääriä? Tämän tutkimista varten kehitettiin lähestymistapa, joka yhdisti maakohtaiset tuotantosuunnitelmat ja elinkaariarvioinnin. Tämä lähestymistapa osoittautui hyödylliseksi tarkentamalla arvioita tuotteissa olevista raaka-aineista, vaikkakin sen soveltaminen edellyttää varovaisuutta, koska uusia vääristymiä voi syntyä. 4) Voidaanko uusia näkökulmia löytää uudella arvonlisäykseen perustuvalla allokointimenetelmällä, joka jakaa raaka-aineen louhinnan kullekin toimintaketjun osallistuvalle taloudelliselle toimijalle lisäarvon tuotannon mukaan? Tämän uuden kirjanpitomenetelmän mukaan jotkut maat ja alat ovat materiaali-intensiivisempiä kuin niitä on pidetty kulutuksen jalanjälkiallokointimenetelmien perusteella. 5) Onko korkean tulotason talouksien ja keskitasoiselle ja alhaiselle tulotasolle asettuvien maiden välillä epätasaisia vaihtoja, kun raaka-ainekulutusta ja arvonlisäystä mitataan? ja 6) Voisiko paikallisten ja globaalien IO-tietojen integrointi antaa hyödyllisiä näkökulmia tutkimukseen, joka tarkastelee epätasaisen aineenvaihdon esiintymistä tai puuttumista alueellisella tasolla? Materiaalivirtojen tutkiminen kansainvälisellä ja kansallisella tasolla, jossa yhdistettiin IO-tietokannat erilaisella maantieteellisellä resoluutiolla osoitti, että alueellisella taloudella voi olla kaksoisrooli sekä raaka-aineiden että arvonlisäyksen lähteenä tai nieluna riippuen sen asemasta globaalissa taloushierarkiassa

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Blersch, David Michael. "Investigation into the system dynamics of a wetland soil technoecoysystem using redox potential as a metabolic indicator and feedback control parameter." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1562.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Biological Resources Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Bourgart, Etienne. "Métabolisme cutané et biomarqueurs d'exposition aux mélanges complexes d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques A realistic human skin model to study benzo[a]pyrene cutaneous absorption in order to determine the most relevant biomarker for carcinogenic exposure Solar simulated light exposure alters metabolization and genotoxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene in human skin Influence of exposure dose, complex mixture, and ultraviolet radiation on skin absorption and bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS026.

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Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des cancérigènes ubiquitaires, produits en mélanges complexes dont la composition varie en fonction de la source d’émission. Classées substances prioritaires de par leur abondance et leur génotoxicité, l’exposition aux HAP des populations se fait notamment par voie cutanée au cours des activités professionnelles. La surveillance biologique de l’exposition (SBE) tient compte de l’absorption cutanée en plus de l’inhalation et identifie les situations d’exposition à risque. Pour estimer l’exposition au Benzo[a]pyrène (B[a]P), cancérogène certain pour l’homme, le dosage du 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrène (3-OHB[a]P) et du (±)trans-anti-B[a]P-tétraol (B[a]P-tétraol) a été récemment proposé. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier l’absorption et le métabolisme cutanés du B[a]P mais aussi des mélanges d’HAP en vue de d’améliorer la compréhension de leur génotoxicité et de développer des biomarqueurs pertinents pour estimer les risques sanitaires. La première partie de ce travail a consisté au développement d’un modèle cutané ex vivo simple mais réaliste à partir d’explants de peau humaine. Après la mise au point des méthodes d’extraction et d’analyse adéquates, la toxico-cinétique et le métabolisme cutané de faibles doses de B[a]P ont été étudiés. La pénétration cutanée et le métabolisme du B[a]P sont inversement proportionnels à la dose appliquée. Cependant, les voies de métabolisation sont impactées différemment. Alors que la production du 3-OHB[a]P issu des voies de détoxication est dose-dépendante, la formation du B[a]P-tétraol, produit de l’hydrolyse du métabolite cancérogène ultime du B[a]P, est rapidement saturée. Le B[a]P-tétraol est donc le biomarqueur le plus pertinent pour estimer le risque cancérogène au B[a]P. De plus, la proportion de B[a]P non-métabolisé traversant la peau est extrêmement limitée indiquant que la toxicité de ce composé s’exprime essentiellement localement. La deuxième partie de ce travail a consisté en une synthèse bibliographique centrée sur la biotransformation de 7 autres HAP cancérogènes permettant d’identifier 16 métabolites d’intérêt commercialisés. In fine, le dosage de 10 de ces métabolites, impliqués dans les voies de bioactivation ou de détoxication de 5 HAP, a pu être développé en GC-MS/MS. Le dosage urinaire de ces nouveaux biomarqueurs devrait permettre d’améliorer la SBE des populations aux HAP cancérogènes. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail, l’impact de la composition de mélanges synthétiques ou industriels (extraits de brai de houille et de coke de pétrole) à différentes doses sur l’absorption et le métabolisme cutanés des HAP furent évalués en présence ou non de rayonnements ultraviolets (UV). La pénétration des HAP diminue quand la complexité du mélange et la dose augmentent. Alors que les UV amplifient la pénétration des HAP lors de l’application des mélanges industriels, ils n’ont pas d’effet sur le B[a]P appliqué seul ou sur les mélanges synthétiques. Leur bioactivation décroit sous l’influence des mélanges et des UV, provoquant une accumulation de HAP non-métabolisés dans la peau ce qui pourrait retarder la survenue des effets génotoxiques. A l’instar du B[a]P, la toxicité des autres HAP cancérogènes semble être essentiellement locale et dépendre du scénario d’exposition cutanée. Ce travail souligne l’importance de l’étude des mélanges du fait d’interactions plus complexes que de simples effets additifs
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous carcinogens emitted as complex mixtures whose composition depends on emission sources. Because of their abundance and genotoxicity, PAHs are classified as priority substances, to which people can be exposed via dermal absorption during occupational activities. Biomonitoring takes into account skin absorption as well as inhalation and allows the identification of hazardous exposure situations. To assess Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure, which is classified as carcinogenic to human, quantification of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHB[a]P) and (±)trans-anti-B[a]P-tetrol (B[a]P-tetrol) was recently proposed. This PhD thesis aimed at studying the skin absorption and metabolism of B[a]P and PAH mixtures to improve the understanding of their genotoxicity and develop relevant biomarker for health risk assessment. The first part of this work consisted in developing a simple and realistic skin model from human skin explants. Further to the development of adequate extraction and analytical methods, cutaneous toxicokinetic and metabolism from low B[a]P doses were studied. B[a]P skin penetration and metabolism were inversely proportional to applied dose. Nevertheless, metabolic pathways are impacted differently. While 3-OHB[a]P production formed during detoxification was dose-dependent, the formation of B[a]P-tetrol, resulting from the hydrolysis of B[a]P ultimate carcinogenic metabolite, saturates rapidly. Therefore, B[a]P-tetrol is the most relevant biomarker for estimating B[a]P carcinogenic risk. In addition, unmetabolized B[a]P poorly diffused through skin indicating that B[a]P toxicity is mainly local. The second part of this work consisted of a literature review focusing on 7 other carcinogenic PAH biotransformation to identify 16 marketed metabolites of interest. In fine, GC-MS/MS analysis was developed for 10 previously identified metabolic intermediates that are either involved in bioactivation or detoxification pathways of 5 PAH. Urinary quantification of those new biomarkers should improve the biomonitoring of populations to carcinogenic PAH. Finally, we evaluated the impact of synthetic or industrial mixtures (coal tar pitch and petroleum coke extracts) composition at different doses on carcinogenic PAH skin absorption and metabolism combined or not with ultraviolet radiations (UVR). PAH penetration diminished when mixture complexity and dose increased. While UVR increased PAH penetration when industrial complex mixtures were applied, no effect was observed on pure B[a]P or synthetic mixtures. PAH bioactivation decreased with mixtures and UVR, inducing unmetabolized PAH accumulation in the skin which may delay the occurrence of genotoxic effects. Similarly to B[a]P, other carcinogenic PAH toxicity seems to be mainly local and depends on skin exposure scenario. This work underlines the importance of mixtures study owing to more complex chemical interactions than simple additive effects

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Bauers, Cynthia Kaye. "Whole stream metabolism and detrital processing in streams impacted by acid mine drainage." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1079299303.

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Mets, Berend. "Lignocaine extraction ratio and clearance as an indicator of hypoxic hepatic injury : a study using the in situ and the isolated perfused pig liver." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27152.

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The metabolism of lignocaine to monoethylglycinexylidide has been found useful as an indicator of hepatic function in association with liver transplantation. It has been postulated that this might be due to the common effect of hypoxic damage on liver function and lignocaine metabolism. The aim of this work was to establish whether hepatic lignocaine elimination was impaired by hypoxia and whether lignocaine extraction ratio and clearance could be used as an indicator of hepatic function. This was studied using the isolated pig liver perfused via the hepatic artery and portal vein. To establish whether the pig liver could be used as a possible human model for this investigation and whether lignocaine had any detrimental effects on liver function and blood flow in vivo, hepatic lignocaine elimination and the effects of lignocaine administration on hepatic function and blood flow were studied in the anaesthetized pig, surgically prepared to allow sampling across the liver and direct hepatic blood flow measurement. Hepatic lignocaine elimination was then studied in the isolated perfused liver to determine whether this was similar to that found in vivo. The definitive studies required preliminary investigations not available from the literature to determine the feasibility of comparing in vivo and ex vivo hepatic function using the same liver. In addition, by studying the decay of lignocaine after bolus dose administration the necessary pharmacokinetic parameters to achieve similar constant hepatic affluent lignocaine concentrations in vivo and in the isolated preparation could be determined. The preliminary investigations showed that a sequential experiment using the same liver to compare in vivo and ex vivo function was inappropriate as the energy state of isolated perfused livers previously studied in vivo was significantly different from that in livers perfused immediately. The decay of lignocaine after a bolus dose in vivo and ex vivo could be described by a two-compartment open model and in both preparations the derived pharmacokinetic parameters from this analysis were used to achieve similar constant hepatic affluent concentrations over the study period used to determine hepatic lignocaine elimination. Lignocaine extraction ratio by the in situ pig liver was similar to that reported in man and together with hepatic clearance and intrinsic clearance was similar to that determined in the isolated state when different livers were used for this comparison. There was no detrimental effect of lignocaine administration on hepatic function and blood flow In vivo. Lignocaine extraction ratio and clearance and monoethylglycinexylidide formation were significantly impaired in livers subjected to hypoxia. Lignocaine elimination correlated strongly with hepatic cellular ATP, energy charge and ATP/ ADP ratio as well as with hepatic potassium release but less strongly with aspartate aminotransferase release when this relationship was tested using the combined data from hypoxic and normoxic livers ex vivo. These correlations were positive for hepatic adenine nucleotide status and negative for hepatic potassium and aspartate aminotransferase release. Neither hepatic alanine aminotransferase release nor lactate utilization were significantly affected by hypoxia. Lignocaine extraction ratio, hepatic oxygen consumption, ATP content, bile flow and potassium release were shown to be equivalent, more highly sensitive, and earlier indicators of hypoxic hepatic injury than hepatic aspartate aminotransferase release in the isolated perfused pig liver.

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Gonçalves, Sara Isabel Bastos. "Zinc and copper impacts on freshwater diatoms: physiological, biochemical and metabolomic response of Tabellaria flocculosa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18812.

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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular
Os ecossistemas dulçaquícolas encontram-se sob a ameaça constante de pressões antropogénicas, nomeadamente contaminação por metais. As diatomáceas são utilizadas como indicadores de qualidade da água, contudo a influência de micronutrientes, como zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu), e os seus possíveis impactes são pouco compreendidos. Os objetivos deste estudo passam por elucidar o nível de tolerância, os alvos e repostas celulares para contradizer a toxicidade dos metais Zn e Cu em diatomáceas de água doce, expondo Tabellaria flocculosa (TFLO), isolada de um local contaminado, a 30, 500 e 1000 μg Zn/L e 0,3, 6 e 10 μg Cu/L. Diferentes abordagens bioquímicas, fisiológicas e metabolómicas foram utilizadas. Concentrações de Zn e Cu que ocorrem em ambientes contaminados tem efeitos tóxicos nesta espécie. O Cu, este é tóxico para TFLO a concentrações comuns no ambiente que não são considerados contaminados (0.3 μg Cu/L) e a sua toxicidade aumenta com a concentração. TFLO mostrou ainda ter estratégias distintas para sobreviver à exposição a diferentes níveis de stress impostos por Zn e Cu. TFLO sobrevive a elevadas concentrações intracelulares de Zn e Cu pelo aumento das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT) e recorrendo a compostos antioxidantes de baixo peso molecular (GSH). Estes mecanismos são suportados pela elevada produção de energia (atividade ETS e ainda no caso do cobre, açucares e lípidos). Às concentrações de 1000 μg Zn/L e 6 e 10 μg Cu/L, todos estes processos metabólicos mostraram ser especialmente aumentados em acréscimo aos processos de imobilização extracelular. O aumento da imobilização extracelular (EPS e frustulinas) parece ser uma estratégia comum de combate à toxicidade do Cu. Desta forma as células procuram restringir e mitigar o stress oxidativo gerado pelo aumento das concentrações intracelulares de Zn e Cu. Contudo, estes mecanismos não foram suficientes para proteger as células de danos em membranas e proteínas, incluindo do aumento do numero de valvas com teratologias a elevadas concentrações de Zn (500 e 1000 μg Zn/L) e em todas as concentrações de Cu. Mais ainda, uma diminuição nos compostos como a sacarose e especialmente o lumicromo deveriam ser estudados futuramente como marcadores específicos da toxicidade do Zn. No caso do Cu, a diminuição do composto hidroxilamina e de ácidos gordos (FA) insaturados e o aumento dos FA saturados, 2-palmitoilglicerol, glicerol e compostos diterpenos assim como o conteúdo em clorofila c devem ser testados como marcadores específicos de exposição ao Cu. Esta informação pode suportar o melhor entendimento do modo de ação de Zn e Cu a predição da resposta da comunidade de diatomáceas de água doce em diferentes ambientes contaminados com Cu e Zn, incluindo ambientes altamente contaminados, como na exploração mineira, pode ainda ajudar no desenvolvimento de novos índices para contaminação por metais, tendo em conta a existência de espécies tolerantes e ajudando políticas de avaliação de risco ambiental.
Freshwater ecosystems are under threatening anthropogenic pressures worldwide, namely metals. Diatoms are used as water quality indicators, but the impacts of micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on diatoms are poorly understood. Our study aimed to elucidate the tolerance level, the cellular targets and the responses to counteract Zn and Cu toxicity of freshwater diatoms by exposing Tabellaria flocculosa (TFLO), isolated from a contaminated stream, to 30, 500 and 1000 μg Zn/L and 0.3, 6 and 10 μg Cu/L. Biochemical, physiological and metabolomic approaches were used. It was demonstrated that Zn and Cu are toxic to TFLO at concentrations occurring in contaminated environments. Cu was already toxic to TFLO at concentrations common in non-contaminated environments (0.3 μg Cu/L), and toxicity increased with Cu concentration. Distinct strategies to cope with Zn and Cu were shown. TFLO cells cope with intracellular high Zn and Cu concentrations by increasing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and using low molecular weight antioxidants (GSH). These mechanisms are fuelled by a high energy production (ETS activity, and in Cu exposure sugars and lipids oxidation). At the highest Zn concentration (1000 μg/L) and 6 and 10 μg Cu/L, these metabolic processes were specially enhanced in addition to extracellular immobilization (EPS, frustulins), in an attempt to restrain the oxidative stress generated by high intracellular Zn and Cu concentrations. However, these mechanisms were not able to fully protect cells and damage in membranes and proteins occurred, including the increase of teratological valves at high Zn concentrations (500 and 1000 μg Zn/L) and Cu exposure from low to high concentrations (0.3 to 10 μg Cu/L). Additionally, the response of certain compounds was especially promising as potential markers for metals stress. For example, the decrease in sucrose and especially lumichrome should be tested as new specific markers of Zn toxicity. Additionally, the decrease of hydroxylamine and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) and the increase of saturated FA, 2-palmitoylglycerol, glycerol and diterpenoid compounds and chlorophyll c should be tested as new specific markers of Cu toxicity in future studies. This information supports the better understanding of Zn and Cu mode of action and prediction of diatom response in different Zn or Cu contamination levels, including highly impacted environments, such as mining scenarios, and may help develop new indices, taking into account species’ tolerance strategies and assist in environmental risk assessment policies.

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Bates, Victoria. "The role of hypoxia-regulated glucose transporters and glucose metabolism in the response to hypoxia-linked therapies and as an indicator of prognosis in solid tumours." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531361.

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Arbucias, Janaina Gameiro. "Melhoria da sustentabilidade pela aplicação do conceito de ecologia industrial: estudo de caso no setor eletro-eletrônico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-09122015-111132/.

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O intenso crescimento industrial associado às pressões de todos os setores da sociedade por processos, produtos e serviços mais ambientalmente corretos, levou ao surgimento de novos paradigmas de desenvolvimento que assegurem a perpetuação de recursos para as futuras gerações, alicerçada no tripé da sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, para o setor produtivo, é nítida a necessidade de que os sistemas humanos devam ser considerados como parte dos sistemas naturais e se aproximar ao máximo das características destes. Essa concepção de sistemas industriais similares aos ecossistemas naturais, onde pouquíssimas perdas são verificadas, é a base do conceito de Ecologia Industrial, principal conceito usado no desenvolvimento desse trabalho para melhoria da sustentabilidade de uma empresa no setor eletroeletrônico, o que até o presente momento ainda não havia sido estudado. A metodologia adotada seguiu as premissas principais da Ecologia Industrial integradas ao Sistema Integrado de Gestão, a saber: o estabelecimento de ecossistemas industriais, a medição de desempenho através dos graus de sustentabilidade, e o amplo acesso à informação, via criação de um software customizado de Ecologia Industrial, que considera inclusive a comparação de produtos, com metodologia similar ao início de Análise do Ciclo de Vida simplificado, no que concerne ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Neste trabalho, o estudo de caso considerou uma empresa de grande porte e uma das características mais importantes observadas neste trabalho foram as similaridades, no país e no exterior, para implantação de sistemas de prevenção de poluição na área de microeletrônica. No que tange à área de Surface Mouting Technology, o estudo mostrou que, ao contrário dos setores de base, o maior impacto ambiental está relacionado à geração de resíduos sólidos e significativas perdas ambientais e econômicas são percebidas devido à Gestão de Fim de Tubo. A análise da área de Printed Circuit Board mostrou que ecossistemas industriais incipientes existem, tanto para água como para resíduos sólidos. 6 Através dos estudos de caso interno a essa empresa, foi possível concluir que no setor produtivo, mesmo em empresas de grande porte, que apresentam princípios, políticas e sistemas de gestão claramente definidos, a questão da sustentabilidade não é compreendida e aplicada em seu sentido mais amplo. Quanto aos ecossistemas industriais internos, ferramenta fundamental da Ecologia Industrial, a formação é muito difícil em função de tamanha distinção dos processos existentes em cada planta industrial. Notou-se a viabilidade, com ganhos expressivos, da formação de ecossistemas externos principalmente para dois tipos de co-produtos da empresa, metais nobres e óleos. Assim, conclui-se que as ferramentas da Ecologia Industrial adotadas para melhorar a sustentabilidade empresarial propiciam maior eficiência a partir da adoção de métricas, atingem, em geral, a maioria dos envolvidos e operações, permitem melhor formatação e padronização de processos, favorecem a visão sistêmica da organização, tornando a tomada de decisão um processo factual e por fim, permite a implantação de métodos e/ou procedimentos para mudança estratégica, incluindo a mudança cultural, fator essencial para o desenvolvimento. Deste modo, foi possível observar que a formação de tais ecossistemas industriais, em geral, promove uma melhora ambiental, econômica e social. Estas ferramentas, muito provavelmente, podem ser rapidamente aplicadas, seguindo-se a metodologia proposta, em qualquer empreendimento, independente de seu porte ou processo de produção.
The industrial development and the increasing pressure for more environmentally friendly processes, products and services led to new development paradigms, based on the three sustainability pillars, that essentially assure resource availability for the next generations. The need for making human systems part of the natural ecosystems and similar to natural environment is clearly stated. This approach, which is the basis of Industrial Ecology, aims to enhance industrial symbiosis cooperating to mitigate process or material loss. Industrial Ecology was the main concept used to improve sustainability at an electronic company, first applied to the industrial area in Brazil. The defined methodology followed the most important premises of Industrial Ecology aligned to the Integrated Management Systems which consists in the establishment of industrial ecosystems, performance evaluation through sustainability levers and the spread of information to stakeholders, by the development of a customized Industrial Ecology software, which also compares products with the simplified Life Cycle Assessment methodology, when it comes to the development of new products. Indeed, the case study has been conducted at a big enterprise and the similarities for Pollution Prevention implementation between the Brazilian facility and the European one were the most important features related to the microelectronics area. Regarding the Surface Mouting Technology area, this study has shown that unlike other segments, the end of pipe is still applied. The most relevant environmental impact is the generation of solid waste and therefore significant economic and environmental loss is easily observed. The Printed Circuit Board sector was also analyzed and the results showed that industrial ecosystems are not formalized but do exist for water and solid waste. Important issues were concluded such as the idea that even though big enterprises present principles, policy and sound management systems, the sustainability concept is not fully comprehensive and applied. The development of industrial ecosystems is considered one of the fundamental tools of industrial ecology. It is hard to establish them within the facilities 8 once the processes differ significantly. However, the creation of external ecosystems for metals and oils, leads to great benefit. It was possible to conclude that the Industrial Ecology concept tools used in the company did benefit its industrial sustainability because it allowed more efficient processes through the use of metrics, involved most of the employees and operations, favored better process standardization, enhance the systemic approach making the decision process easier once it is based on real time facts and it finally contributed to the adoption of methods, systems and procedures that enabled deep strategic change and as a consequence improved cultural change, which is one of the essential aspects of the sound sustainable development. Finally, it is suggested that Industrial Ecology be used as a fruitful metaphor for facilitating the improvement of sustainability. The tools developed in this study might be easily applied to any enterprise, independently of the level or production processes. Ecosystems

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Domingues, Santos João Pedro. "Métabolisme socio-écologique des territoires d’élevage : une approche de comptabilité environnementale." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0026/document.

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Au cours du XXème siècle, l’élevage français a connu un formidable développement dont la poursuite se trouve actuellement fragilisé. L’effort de recherche sur la durabilité de l’élevage s’est focalisé sur la performance économique et environnementale, principalement au niveau de l’animal et de la ferme. Peu de travaux ont abordé les trois piliers de la durabilité à des échelles territoriales où les différentes filières animales se combinent. Une approche articulant l’élevage de ruminants et monogastriques à l’occupation du sol et à l’utilisation des ressources au niveau territorial fait actuellement défaut. Cette thèse développe une évaluation holistique de l’élevage dans les territoires métropolitains en mobilisant une batterie d’indicateurs abordant les contributions positives et négatives de l’élevage. Pour l’ensemble du territoire métropolitain, nous avons constitué trois bases de données à l’échelle départementale. La première base contient des indicateurs socioéconomiques, d’occupation du sol, et de production animale sur la période 1938-2010. La seconde base fournit pour 2010 des indicateurs de production animale et végétale. La troisième base fournit des indicateurs mesurant la contribution de l’élevage à la fourniture de services culturels, socioéconomiques et environnementaux. Avec la première base, nous avons modélisé les trajectoires d’intensification de l’élevage depuis 1938 et identifié les déterminants des dynamiques de changement de l’élevage. Avec la deuxième base, nous formalisé le métabolisme territorial de l’azote, duquel nous avons dérivés six indicateurs pour évaluer la durabilité de l’élevage. Avec la troisième base, nous avons modélisé le lien entre le niveau actuel de fourniture de services et les trajectoires d’intensification. Nos résultats révèlent une différentiation territoriale de l’intensification de l’élevage depuis 1938. Productivité et densité animale ont triplé dans les territoires de l’Ouest, et augmenté de 1.6 dans les territoires de l’Est et du Massif Central. Dans les territoires sans élevage, la surface fourragère principale a reculé de plus de la moitié, tandis que la taille des fermes a triplé et la productivité du travail a quadruplé. Le métabolisme territorial révèle un arbitrage entre autonomie en azote et productivité animale. Les impacts locaux (surplus azoté / ha) et globaux (émissions excrétion azoté / kg de produit) forment un arbitrage difficile à atténuer. L’analyse des contributions positives de l’élevage montre que les territoires ayant suivi une trajectoire herbagère fournissent des services sociaux, environnementaux et culturels; alors que les territoires hébergeant les élevages les plus productifs fournissent surtout des services socio-économiques (emplois). De par sa profondeur historique et sa couverture spatiale, cette thèse offre une analyse inédite de l’élevage et de ses performances dans les territoires. Elle apporte des connaissances pour identifier des leviers de durabilité pour l’élevage de demain
The development of the livestock sector in the past century undergone a strong intensification. The current heterogeneity of livestock areas in France may have arisen from a spatial differentiation of intensification process. Different degrees of disconnection between livestock and land have resulted in contrasted levels of performance and impacts across areas. To date, a lot of research effort has been directed at measuring environmental impacts and economic performance of livestock systems at the farm level. Insufficient attention has been paid to the three dimensions of sustainability and to trade-offs among them. Existing livestock heterogeneities across areas also deserve more research. An approach that enables connecting livestock to land and resources, at regional level, could bring novel insights on the role of livestock in use and transformation of resources. The goal of this PhD was to develop a holistic assessment of livestock areas using multimetric indicators encompassing positive and negative contributions. We compiled three databases at the department level: i) database 1 was related to socioeconomic, land use, and production characteristics of 88 French departments, within an extensive time frame (1938-2010); ii) database 2 included data on crop, fodder and livestock production for year 2010; iii) database 3 included measures of provision of cultural, environmental and social services for 60 departments. With the first database, we created a typology of intensification trajectories based on a multivariate approach. With the second database, we assessed the nitrogen metabolism of livestock areas, based on the material flows accounting (MFA) approach, from which we derived indicators of performance and impacts to study synergies and trade-offs. With the third database, we studied the influence of past intensification on the current provision of services by the livestock sector. A multivariate approach was used to assess how different rates of change in intensification variables determined contrasted levels of services. First, we showed that the intensification of the French livestock sector was spatially differentiated and based on four trajectories, ranging from extensive to intensive livestock areas, and from crop specialized to areas where livestock had a small share of national production. Livestock productivity and stocking rates had a 3 fold increase in intensive areas, whereas extensive areas had a 1.6 fold increase. Crop specialized areas lose more than half of their original fodder area, and tripled the average farm size and more than quadrupled their labor productivity. Non-dominated livestock areas lose 30% of initial livestock population, and half of their initial fodder area. Second, the study of synergies and trade-offs revealed that gains in efficiency and economies of scale, often compromised other dimensions, e.g. through increased environmental impacts. The spatial analysis of relationship between performance and impacts revealed two types of synergies linked to the type of impact, either land or product-based. Both of which were in trade-off. Third, we showed that the provision of services was spatially structured and based on three types of service bundles, determined by different rates of change in intensification variables. Changes towards grazing systems resulted in higher provision of environmental and cultural services, whereas changes towards intensive systems resulted in higher levels of social services; but this was achieved at the cost of environmental services. This PhD thesis furthered the understanding on the temporal trajectories of livestock sector across areas in France. This knowledge could help to improve livestock sustainability. Our work provided knowledge on the drivers that shaped current intensification patterns and the provision of cultural, environmental and social services. It could be used to examine options for desirable longterm changes of the livestock sector

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Perrin, Marie Xuan Tien. "État sanitaire entre Ancien régime et Révolution industrielle : étude paléoépidemiologique de deux populations provençales, interactions bio-culturelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191205_PERRIN_631yct895nh922qpd869gmylgf_TH.pdf.

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En France, les périodes moderne et contemporaine sont en marge des problématiques archéologiques. En Provence, les fouilles récentes de deux ensembles funéraires offrent l’opportunité d’analyser l’état sanitaire de la population provençale à une époque charnière : la transition entre Ancien Régime et révolution industrielle. Il s'agit de déterminer si les mutations qui se déroulent entre le XVIe et le XXe siècle ont entraîné des modifications de l’état sanitaire. Notre échantillon réunit 1289 individus issus des cimetières Saint-Jacques à La Ciotat et des Crottes à Marseille. Notre approche mêle une démarche paléoépidémiologique et biocutlurelle, dans laquelle les données biologiques sont confrontées aux nombreuses sources historiques disponibles. L’examen des pathologies dentaires, marqueurs de stress et maladies métaboliques montre de nombreuses similarités entre nos deux échantillons. Les différences sont bien plus subtiles que présupposées et s’illustrent surtout par une augmentation des caries et des hypoplasies de l’émail dentaire. Les premières semblent d’abord indiquer des changements d’ordre alimentaire avec l’introduction de nouveaux aliments et procédés de fabrication qui accompagne la révolution industrielle. Les secondes pourraient témoigner de l’accentuation des stress précoces, peut-être en raison de nouvelles pratiques alimentaires autour du sevrage et de l’allaitement, ou d’une alimentation générale toujours peu diversifiée. Enfin, les périodes de stress, de plus en plus nombreuses, pourraient suggérer un environnement infectieux délétère malgré les nombreuses découvertes scientifiques et médicales, qui n’auront un réel impact qu’à partir du XXe siècle
In France, modern and contemporary societies have for long been set aside from bioarchaeological concerns. Recently, the excavations of two large cemeteries in Provence have provided the opportunity to analyze health status during a critical period : the transition between the Ancien Régime and the Industrial Revolution. This study aims to determine whether these changes occuring between the 16th and the 20th century, led to significant changes in health status. Our osteoarchaeological sample includes 1289 individuals from two complementary series : Saint-Jacques cemetery in La Ciotat and the cemetery Les Crottes in Marseille. The approach adopted combines a paleoepidemiological and biocutural approach, in which biological data are contextualised through numerous historical sources available for these recent periods. The examination of dental pathologies, stress markers and metabolic diseases showed many similarities between our two samples. The differences do exist, but they are much more subtle than assumed and mainly illustrated the increase of carious lesions and dental enamel hypoplasia. The former seem to indicate changes in diet with the introduction of new foodstuffs and manufacturing processes that accompanied the Industrial Revolution. The latter could reflect the increase in early stress, perhaps due to new feeding practices surrounding weaning and breastfeeding, or a general poorly diversified diet. Finally, the increasing number of periods of stress could suggest a noxious sanitary and infectious environment, despite scientific and medical advancements, which would have a real impact from the 20th century onwards

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21

Wu, Ching-Kuan, and 吳景寬. "Metabolic syndrome and related indicators among persons with schizophrenia." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05097020987642221105.

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碩士
美和技術學院
健康照護研究所
98
There were several studies that revealed high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in severe mental illness patients especially in schizophrenic patients. The study collected 304 chronic schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorder patients who stay long term in the psychiatric institute, and found that they have high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome up to 20.6% to 41.4% (according to different criteria). Not only old age schizophrenic patients but also young patients have high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome. There are 59.9% patients having over-weight, 88.1% patients having lower HDL level and the mean value of BMI is higher than stander population. Central obesity was also noted in most patients. Risk factors of metabolic syndrome are BMI and present history of diabetic, hypertension, hyper-lipidemia or cardiovascular disease in the study. The literature review revealed that the risk of coronary heart disease was high in schizophrenic patients, and the cardiovascular diseases were under diagnoses and treatment in those severe mental illness patients. Framingham equation was used to evaluate 10 years risk of coronary disease in the study population. They also had high risk of 10 years risk of coronary heart disease. The male patient was 9.57% and female was 2.59%.When age and sex being adjusted, the patients with higher BMI value or metabolic syndrome had more risk of cardiovascular diseases. The high risk group also had more duration of mental illness and smoking habit. Although the study had several important findings, there are several limitations in this study. More large and comprehensive cohort studies are needed to clarify on metabolic syndrome, risk of coronary heart disease and related issues of schizophrenic patients. We also suggest that psychiatrists establish treatment guideline for those mental illness patients with medical comorbidity and focus related issues on them.

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22

Chiu, Ting-Yu, and 邱定宇. "Indicators of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Metabolic Syndrome Subjects." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33730751048177075192.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
臨床醫學研究所
99
Abstract Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA) assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in subjects with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Research Design and Methods: Case-controlled, cross-sectional study in single medical center. From July 2004 to December 2008, 550 consecutive subjects without clinical evidences of coronary artery disease received contrast-enhanced coronary CTA. Recognition of MetSyn was based on the ethnicity-modified National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) criteria. Any presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) or, absence of CAC with noncalcified plaques among the proximal third major coronary artery segment(s) was defined as subclinical CA. Results: In total 550 subjects, 290 (38%) subjects were defined with MetS. MetS as a whole was independently associated with subclinical CA in multivariate analysis (OR=3.40, 95% CI=2.34 to 4.96, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that fasting blood glucose?d110mg/dL or the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was the independent indicator of subclinical CA in non-MetS subjects (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.08 to 1.82, P<0.05) while total cholesterol (TC) / high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ?d4.2% was the independent indicator of subclinical CA in MetS subjects (OR=4.44, 95% CI=1.93 to 10.20, P<0.001). Conclusions: Risk factors of subclinical CA in coronary CTA are different between subjects with and without MetS. Fasting blood glucose?d110mg/dL / diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and TC/HDL-C?d4.2% are independent indicators for subclinical CA defined by coronary CTA study in non-MetS and MetS subjects respectively. Key words: Metabolic syndrome, Cholesterol ratio, and Coronary atherosclerosis

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Fan, Chun Mei, and 范純美. "The effect of barley on Indicators of metabolic syndrome in adults." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107CGU05528021%22.&searchmode=basic.

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24

Wittrock, Julie. "Associations among neutrophil function, metabolic indicators, and reproductive health in dairy cows." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3611.

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This thesis is an investigation of the interactions of insulin resistance (IR), metabolic markers, neutrophil function, and reproductive health in peripartum dairy cows, including the evaluation of a hand-held glucometer for diagnosis of IR. The neutrophil functions of interest were oxidative burst and phagocytosis capacity, and reproductive diseases were endometritis and cervicitis. A total of 81 Holstein cows were enrolled 3 wk prior to expected calving date from November 2010 until October 2011, and were followed until 5 wk postpartum. Known markers of IR, neutrophil function, and disease were monitored through this period. The hand-held glucometer was identified as a useful alternative to laboratory measurements of glucose. Markers of IR influenced phagocytosis capacity and reproductive disease. High haptoglobin concentrations were associated with increased risk of reproductive disease and diminished oxidative burst function. Metabolically related inhibition of neutrophil function may be important in development of reproductive disease.
National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program

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25

Hsu, Ya-Chi, and 許雅淇. "The construction of anthropometrical measures using metabolic disorders indicators among residents in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42190192212799780537.

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碩士
長庚大學
醫務管理學研究所
93
As a result of economic development and high standard of living, compatriot diseases have developed from acute diseases to chronic diseases. However, the mechanism and development for the chronic diseases were imperfectly understood nowadays. Many risk factors were documented to be associated with chronic diseases; some of the risk factors were also recognized as symptoms for metabolic disorder such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. In addition, the metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by a constellation of obesity-related and CV disorders. There are many measures to reflect human body shapes such as BMI, waist circum and waist-hip ratio. Nevertheless, many researchers have noticed that BMI is not perfect to measure the distribution of body fat; a more direct indicator for visceral obesity is warranted. Owing to fast development of information technology, research methodology is diversified and available to solve the problems faced before. Three-Dimension anthropometric body surface scanning provides us good chance to explore profound information on body shapes. Therefore, this research is utilizing 3-D anthropometrical databases to construct predictive models for metabolic disorder syndrome. This study has collected 5,326 valid samples from department of health examination, three dimensional anthropometrics body surface scanning data was taken as major independent variables, which included body circum, width, profile area, volume and surface area. The health outcomes were collected from subject’s medical history of disease and the biochemistry tests from the current examination. The analyses included various statistical models such as canonical correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression. The analyses have demonstrated that the body combination of waist profile area, breast width, trunk volume and hip width is significantly correlated with metabolic scores composed of blood pressure, glucose, and lipidemia. …. However, the findings were based on first order assumptions while the higher-order models were not considered in this study but worthwhile to approach in the future. In conclusion, a detailed measurement of certain body parts is much more important than crude measures of the whole body shapes while constructing predictive models for chronic diseases. The findings give a clue for further research on body shapes and chronic diseases. It is suggested that researcher may construct a long-term follow-up database and aims at the variation of body shapes as well as using non-linear regression method to establish more sensitive indicators to predict metabolic disorders.

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HUANG, JUNG KUN, and 黃榮坤. "The Research of Physical Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Students with Visual Impairments." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6t4rs4.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
運動學系運動與健康休閒碩士班
105
The Research of Physical Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Students with Visual Impairments Abstract This study was to investigate if there was any significant correlation between physical fitness and metabolic syndrome indicators among students with visual impairments. The participants in this study were 83 students studying in one of the special education school for students with visual impairments and multiple disabilities. This was a retrospective cohort design using. Secondary data analyses were conducted using school administrative data. The research utilized one way ANOVA、student’s t-test, Sperman rank correlation to analyze these data. The study shows that students with visual impairment are superior to students with multiple disabilities in physical fitness. There is no significant difference between students with visual impairment and those with multiple disabilities in metabolic syndrome indicators. In addition, there is no significant association between physical fitness and metabolic syndrome indicators in students with visual impairment. This study found that physical fitness of students with visual impairment is worse, and the physical fitness performance of students with multiple disabilities is inferior to students with visual impairment. For school administrator, it warrants further consideration to improve their health. For metabolic syndrome indicators in student with visual impairment, physical fitness may be not a key predictor, The study suggests that lifestyle behaviors, such as exercise habit and diet preference, should be included in future studies. Key Word: student with visual impairment, multiple disabilities, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome indicators

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27

Nien, Pei-Lin, and 粘沛琳. "Study on Health Related Quality of Life among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Diagnostic Indicators." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12939620826879873644.

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碩士
亞洲大學
健康管理研究所
97
Abstract Background and purpose: The metabolic syndrome, a constellation of abnormalities, has been drawing people’s attention recently. According to Dr. Chen’s survey in Year 2002, the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome among males and females were 16.9% and 13.8%, respectively (Chen et al., 2003). In addition, its prevalence is sharply increasing along the aged (Ford & Li, 2008). However, the magnitude of public health burden of the metabolic syndrome is still not understood. This study intended to compare the health-related quality of life among metabolic syndrome group, high risk group, and risk free patients. Additionally, a regression analysis was carried out to exam the relationship between regular clinical tools and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: By using systematic sampling method, we enrolled 1205 respondents with over the age of 20 from 5 different out-patients clinics in a regional hospital. Those respondents were categorized into metabolic syndrome group, high risk group, and risk free patients by reviewing their medical records. All subjects were face-to-face interviewed with a structured questionnaire composed of the Taiwan version of the short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36) and parts of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Year 2005. The SPSS12.0 software was employed for statistical inference. Results: After adjusting confounding factors, we found that metabolism syndrome group has significantly both better physical and mental health-related quality of life than that of high risk group as well as risk free group (p<0.05). We found that the average scores of physical health-related quality of life among the metabolic syndrome group is significantly lower than that of the other two control groups (p<0.05). On the Contrary, the average scores of mental health-related quality of life among the metabolic syndrome group is significantly higher than that of the other two control groups (p<0.05). Among 5 clinical tools to diagnose the metabolic syndrome, the circumference of waist (OR = 22.15, 95% CI 10.84-45.28, B = 3.10) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values (OR = 25.43, 95% CI 9.38-68.95, B = 3.24) possess the most significant relationships with the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although our study showed metabolism syndrome group has significantly both better physical and mental health-related quality of life than that of high risk group as well as risk free patients, lack of healthy general population comparison in this study suggests the quality of life of the metabolic syndrome population still remains unsolved. On the other side, our study has shown keeping an exercise habit can improve both the physical and psychological health-related quality of life. The close relationship between the measurement of the waist circumference and the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome implies a more cost-effective way to diagnose the metabolic syndrome and strongly suggests that the circumference of waist should be include into the routine check up list for better monitoring the metabolic syndrome.

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Yang, Chingyi, and 楊靜怡. "The Study Of The Relationships Between Metabolic Indicators And Hepatitis C With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86716168117067973974.

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碩士
義守大學
管理學院管理碩士在職專班
100
In recent years, due to the screening of hepatitis C, besides, many of the patients also combine with diabetes simultaneously.Therefore,this study aims to understand the changes of metabolic control′s situation among hepatitis C with or without type 2 diabetes, as the basis of reference to observe in high-risk. This study used a cross-sectional retrospective study. The object of study was chronic hepatitis C adults who were over the age of 20 and have been to a medical center for medical treatment from 2003 to 2011. The average age was 59.31±11.15 years old. The medical records collected the basic attributes of the object of study, the human body measurements, physiological indicators, with the SPSS 17.0 statistical software as the variables in this study and carried on chi-square test, independent sample t test,ANOVA,and logistic regression analysis. Indicators for the natural logarithm transformation, found the age group in gender, that the body mass index, HbA1C, GOT, GPT interacted, hepatitis B condition didn′t interect, drinking habits in HbA1C and triglycerides inte rected, the merger of diabetes in diastolic blood pressure inte rected. And the logistie regression analysis fount that fasting blood glucose before meals, HbA1C, GPT were statistically significant differences. These are risk factors for hepatitis C to predict type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the metabolic physiological indicators would be influenced by gender, age and with or without type 2 diabetes. This statistics was reminding adults to be supposed to enhance the attention to the eating and the living habits and actively carry out health screening to avoid the occurrence of diabetes.

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29

(5930789), Jefferson K. Pike. "Effect of Mycotoxin Binders on Growth and Metabolic Indicators in Pigs and Ducks Fed Mycotoxin Contaminated Diets." Thesis, 2019.

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Mycotoxins are feed contaminants that are a major problem in the livestock industry because of their prevalence in feedstuffs and the difficulty of removing them. They can cause a wide range of issues at varying levels of exposure. Each species is affected by different mycotoxins and at different levels. Pigs are more susceptible to deoxynivalenol (DON), whereas ducks are more susceptible to aflatoxin.
Effects of mycotoxin contamination on animal performance are not fully understood. Therefore, the two experiments described in this thesis were conducted to determine the response of pigs and ducks to consumption of feed contaminated with DON and aflatoxin, respectively. In the first experiment, the effect of a mycotoxin binder on duck feeds contaminated with aflatoxin was examined. One-day-old male Pekin ducks (n=360) were randomly divided into four groups; each group had 6 replicate pens with 15 ducks per replicate pen. The positive control (PC) group was fed a diet that was free of aflatoxin B1, the negative control (NC) group was fed a diet that contained >75ppb of aflatoxin without a binder, the negative control with low binder (NC + 0.5) group was fed a diet that contained >75ppb of aflatoxin and 0.5 kg/ton of the binder, the negative control with high binder (NC + 1.0) group was fed a diet that contained >75ppb of aflatoxin and 1.0 kg/ton of the binder. The diets were fed in two phases, days 0-14 (phase 1) and 15-35 (phase 2). The results showed that during early phase 2, NC + 0.5 resulted in a higher rate of weight gain compared to NC (P<0.05); 2) NC + 0.5 ducks had higher feather quality than both NC and PC (P<0.05); 3) NC had higher relative liver weights (P<0.05); 4) blood glucose was higher in NC + 0.5 ducks (P<0.05); and 5) PC ducks had higher serum protein levels in the blood (P<0.05).
In the second study, effect of the same mycotoxin binder, used in the duck study, was examined in pigs fed diets contaminated with DON. A total of 128 pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, (1:1 barrows and gilts, aged 42 d) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, 8 replicate pens with 4 pigs per. The treatments were DON, DON + liver protectant (1 kg/ton), DON + mycotoxin binder (0.5 kg/ton), or DON + liver protectant and mycotoxin binder. The study lasted 28 days and body weights (BW), feed intake (FI), and blood samples were taken on days 14 and 28. Body weights and feed intake were taken and used to calculate gain:feed (G:F). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in the blood serum. BW, FI, and G:F were not significantly different at any point during the study. AST levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) on day 14 in pigs fed the liver protectant but were not significantly different day 28.
In summary, effects of the use of mycotoxin binders in feed can be highly variable. This depends on the type of mycotoxin present in the feed, the amount of mycotoxin, and the species fed the diet. In the present study, the mycotoxin binder did not have an impact on the feed efficiency of the ducks or pigs. Effects of additional binders need to be evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating the negative effects of mycotoxins.

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30

Chen, Szu-Hua, and 陳思嬅. "The association among metabolic indicators, sleep disorder and dietary patterns in patient with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35127989009921154908.

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碩士
輔英科技大學
保健營養系碩士班
103
Background: Dietary patterns are important factors for glycemic management. Sleep disturbances have become very common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and are associated with inappropriate diet and eating habits in adults. However, little is known about the sleep disturbances with glycaemic control and its impact on type 2 diabetic patients. Objective: To investigate the sleep disturbances, eating behaviors and impacts on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a specialized diabetic outpatient clinic in Southern Taiwan. Dietary patterns (nutrition intakes, eating behavior and frequency) were analyzed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and sleep disturbance was assessed using the Chinese Version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (CAIS). All of the participants underwent several anthropometric, physical measurements and standardized laboratory testing for metabolic risk factors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to investigate the dietary patterns, sleep disturbances and impact on metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 259 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled (M : F = 157 : 102, mean age 57.8±11.4 years old, the diabetes duration 10.3±6.9 years). CAIS score (r=0.199，p<0.001) and diet score (r=-0.261，p<0.001) were significance correlated with glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, respectively. After adjusting confounding factor, diet score (ß= -0.016, p=0.033, r2=0.23), CAIS score (ß=0.041, p=0.037, r2=0.23), are significantly related to HbA1c by multiple regression analysis. Compared to type 2 diabetic patients with sleep well and good eating habits, the odds ratios for elevated HbA1c is 0.70 in type 2 diabetic patients with sleep well and bad eating habits and 0.92 in type 2 diabetic patients with poor sleep and bad eating habits. Conclusion: Sleep and eating patterns may affect the glycemic management in patients with type 2 diabetes. An effective educational program that increases the awareness of care strategies, reduces complications, and improves life quality is warranted. Keywords: diabetes, eating habits, insomnia

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31

Chu, Fu-Ling, and 瞿馥苓. "The series study of obesity indicators and metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia of Taiwanese adult women." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35618928839099032945.

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博士
臺北醫學大學
護理學研究所
102
The obesity rate of Taiwanese adult women is increasing, with age and menopause considered important factors causing this rise and a change in obesity type. Obesity and obesity type are significantly related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia. Currently, obesity indicators (cut-off points) are typically used in obesity control for all adult women but have not been to account for women in different ages and menopause statuses. The goal of this study was to discuss the feasibility of predicting and diagnosing MS, HT, DM, and hyperlipidemia for adult women in different ages and menopause statuses using the obesity indicators (cut-off points) of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI). The study using the database of the “2002 Survey on the Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Taiwan” and the “2007 Survey on the Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Taiwan” provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The results showed that the obesity indicators could reliably diagnose two-or-more and three-or-more components of MS, HT, and DM for pre-menopausal women under 65 years old. Additionally, we were able to reliably predict these diseases by using our new cut-off points within five years. Accordingly, compared with current cut-off points used, the diagnostic cut-off points of four obesity indicators should decrease. In order to prevent the prevalence of two or three components of MS, we suggested that the cut-off points of obesity indicators should be, respectively: WHtR, 0.47 and 0.49; WC, 74.7 and 78 cm; WHR, 0.78 and 0.79; and BMI, 22.3 and 24.0 kg/m2. The cut-off points to prevent HT and DM should be: WHtR, 0.49; WC, 74.7cm; WHR, 0.79; and BMI, 22.3 kg/m2. Both WHtR and WC are better obesity indicators for predicting MS, HT, and DM in pre-menopausal women. On the other hand, the diagnostic ability of obesity indicators is poor for MS, HT, DM, and hyperlipidemia for women above 65 years old, and hyperlipidemia specifically is poorly predicted by obesity indicators for all women, indicating that obesity is not a major factor for these diseases. The results of this study suggest that the cut-off points of obesity indicators should be decreased in order to prevent the occurrence of MS, HT, and DM in pre-menopausal women. Furthermore, obesity is not a major predictor of hyperlipidemia for women generally, or of MS, HT, DM, and hyperlipidemia for elderly women. Future research can discuss related factors in more detail and further calibrate the best diagnostic tools.

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32

Wang, Hsin-Ling, and 王馨羚. "Effects of medical payment from National Health Insurance on the improvement of metabolic indicators and nutrient intakes in diabetic patients." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95712964633559910423.

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碩士
臺北醫學大學
保健營養學研究所
96
Intergrated shared care model from multi-displine professionals has been found to be effective in management of clinical metabolic indices and prevention of diabetic-related complications. This study included type 2 diabetic patients who have received medical payment from National Health Insurance which includes multi-displine professionals (doctor, nurse and dietitian) as a care team for a year. The purpose of this study was to examine effect of medical payment from National Health Insurance on the improvement of metabolic indicators and nutrient intakes. After one year intervention, HbA1c (8.8 ± 2.1% vs 7.8 ± 1.5%)、cholesterol (210.0 ± 45.4mg/dL vs 190.3 ± 41.0 mg/dL)、triglyceride (178.9 ± 157.5mg/dL vs 158.3 ± 120.9mg/dL) and low density lipoprotein (129.4 ± 40.0mg/dL vs 113.4 ± 33.3mg/dL) have significantly decreased (p<0.05)。Further, amount of calorie intake (kcal/day) (1689.4 ± 466kcal/d vs 1582.5 ± 353.8 kcal/d)、protein intake (g/day) (66.7 ± 23.1g/d vs 62.5 ± 16.9g/d )、fat intake (g/day) (61.3 ± 24.9g/d vs 56.8 ± 19.1g/d) and carbohydrate intake (g/day) (217.7 ± 61.2g/d vs 205.2 ± 49.1g/d) have significantly dropped (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study indicates that after one year nutrition education, there is significant improvement of the status glycemic、Dyslipidemia as well as nutrient intakes. This implies that 499 patient care model composing multi-displine professionals may be beneficial for metabolic control and nutrient intakes.

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33

Chen, Yi-Ching, and 陳宜菁. "The Effectiveness of Health Management Platform Intervention on Health Behavior and Health Indicators among Career Women with Metabolic Syndrome risk factors." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99189417414396321378.

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碩士
國立臺北護理健康大學
護理研究所
99
People with Metabolic syndrome need health management to modify their diet and exercise in daily life. However, it is difficult for the busy career women to perform the right way of health management for their metabolic syndrome. This research applied experimental study design. The purposes was to evaluate the longitudinal effects, after 1.5month and 3 month, of a internet health management platform（IHMP） intervention for career women with metabolic syndrome risk factors. This study was conducted at one region teaching hospital in Taipei city during December, 2009 to June, 2010. There were two instruments and one interview for the evaluation effects of IHMP : （1）the practice of health behaviors scale （2）the health indicators including the measurement of blood sugar, Lipid profile, waist circumstance, body weight, blood pressure. （3）the subjective experiences of using internet platform of health management for women in experimental group. The intervention effects from the study baseline to 1.5month and 3month follow-up were estimated using the mixed effect model for repeated measures of health behaviors and using ANCOVA for health indicators. A total of 31 women were in the experimental group, while 32 women were in the control group. After 1.5mont and 3 month follow-up, IHMP intervention had significantly increased the practice of exercise health behavior（β=2.55,P =0.025）. Meanwhile, IHMP intervention had significantly decreased the following health indicators after 3 moth follow-up : the waist circumstances（β=-2.63,P =0.046）,blood sugar（β=-5.86,P = 0.040） and metabolic syndrome risk factors(β=-0.59,P =0.009) .In addition, There were two women in experimental group had successfully reversed from metabolic syndrome to normal cases. Women in experimental group expressed that IHMP can provide them an easy and friendly access to health information, help them to establish self monitoring and evaluating their own health status, knowing someone else to concern their health and push them to practice health behaviors. IHMP can be recommended to other companies or organization for the health promotion for staff in the future.

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Shih-Chueh and 陳世爵. "Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on Body Weight, Metabolic Profiles, Oxidative Stress Indicators and Life Quality in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66075842340584098429.

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博士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
98
Objective: This study aimed to validate the effects of a simplified, gentle form of Tai Chi Chuan in obese type 2 diabetic patients.Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology at Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Subjects: Hospital-based obese type 2 diabetic patients (aged 40-70, BMI 30-35 kgw/m2) were randomly selected and grouped into Tai Chi exercise and conventional exercise groups. Interventions: After receiving instruction in Tai Chi, the Tai Chi group and the conventional exercise group practiced three times a week, including one practice session lasting up to 1 hour, for 12 weeks. Outcome measures: Hemoglobin A1C, serum lipid profile, serum malondialdehyde, and C-reactive protein were measured. Physical parameters of body weight and body mass index were also measured. Diet and medications of participants were monitored carefully as biochemical and physical conditions were analyzed. Results: After 12 weeks, hemoglobin A1C values of the experimental group did not decrease (8.9±2.7%: 8.3±2.2%, P=0.064). Body weight (83.9±4.2 : 82.4±3.2, P=0.022 )and body mass index (33.5±4.8: 31.3±4.2, P=0.038) and serum lipids, including triglyceride (214±47 mg/dL: 171±34 mg/dL, P=0.012) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (38±16 mg/dL: 45±18 mg/dL, P=0.023) showed significant improvements. Serum malondialdehyde tended to decrease from baseline (2.66±0.78 μmol/L: 2.31±0.55 μmol/L, P=0.035), and C-reactive protein also decreased (0.39±0.19 mg/dL: 0.22±0.15 mg/dL, P=0.014). No improvements were seen in BMI, lipid and oxidative stress profiles in the conventional exercise group. The life quality scores showed some improvements of physiological functions (1.56±0.17 : 1.62±0.20, P=0.038 ) and consensuses of health (1.39±0.35:1.57±0.52,P=0.033)in Tai Chi group. There were also some improvements of consensuses of health(1.39±0.35:1.57±0.52, P=0.033) in the conventional exercise group. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise practiced by obese diabetic patients is efficient and safe when supervised by professionals and helps to improve parameters such as body mass index, lipid profiles, C-reactive protein, oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde and life quality. Periodic monitoring of blood glucose, blood pressure; heart rate, breathing, physical fitness and symptoms of discomfort of patients who exercise helps to prevent injury. Simple, gentle “Tai Chi exercise” can be applied as regular daily exercise for type 2 diabetic patients even when obese.

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Ho, Chien-Chang, and 何健章. "The Effect of 12-Week Aerobic Exercise with Different Intensity on Metabolic Syndrome Indicators and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese College Students." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26950795148765794627.

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博士
臺北巿立體育學院
競技運動訓練研究所
100
Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of three different intensities of progressive aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome (MS) indicators, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and health-related physical fitness (HPF) components in obese college students in Taiwan. Methods: Forty-eight obese subjects (18-26 years) were recruited from the Chung Hua University, Taiwan and randominized into 4 groups: light-intensity training group (LIT, n = 12), middle-intensity training group (MIT, n = 12), high-intensity training group (HIT, n = 12), and control group (C, n = 12). Anthropometric data, blood biochemical parameters, and HPF components were measured at week 0 and week 12. The LIT group carried out the aerobic exercise for 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) from the 1st week to 12th week. The MIT group carried out the aerobic exercise for 40-50% HRR from the 1st week to 6th week and then increased to 50-70% HRR from the 7th week to 12th week. The HIT group carried out the aerobic exercise for 40-50% HRR from the 1st week to 6th week and then increased to 70-80% HRR from the 7th week to 12th week. The control group maintained normal activity and diet. Results: Our results indicated that progressive aerobic exercise programs with different intensities led to favorable changes; for protective effects against MS and CVD, either HIT or MIT may be advised due to greater reductions in diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein; for promotive effects of HPF components, HIT may be advised due to the greatest increment in CEI, sit-ups, and sit-and-reach test and reductions in BMI and body fat. Conclusion: MS, CVD, and HPF were improved after HIT or MIT over twenty weeks.

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Tennant, JUSTIN. "An exploration of the associations between work and life stress, and indicators of cardiovascular risk among female shift work and non-shift work hospital employees." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12117.

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Objective: To compare psychological work and life stress indicators among female hospital employees in both shift work (SW) and non-shift work (NSW) positions, and determine associations with demographic and vocational factors, and indicators of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methods: Female employees from one Southeastern Ontario acute care hospital (n=212) provided fasting blood samples, demographic and work related data, and completed a physical assessment and questionnaires. Work stress was measured with the Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Balance Index (ERI). Life stress was assessed with the Derogatis Stress Profile. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was determined based on Interim Societies Joint Guidelines. Results: SW in comparison to NSW employees reported higher mean scores in: global ERI (.70 (SD .4) vs. .58 (SD.29) p<.05), psychological job demands (21.2 (SD 4.8) vs. 19.2 (5.7) p<.01), physical job demands (13.8 (SD 2.6) vs. 10.2 (SD 3.8), skill discretion (36.5 (SD 4.4) vs. 34.7 (SD 5.4) p<.01), lower decision authority (31.6 (SD 5.8) vs. 33.5 (SD 6.5) p<.05), and lower total life stress scores (39.2 (SD 7.3) vs. 42.1 (SD 9.4) p<.05). There were no significant differences between SW and NSW group for MS or CVR factors. MS was present among 17% of all employees, 18.5% of SW, and 15.5% of NSW. In logistic regression analysis MS occurrence was associated with chronic SW exposure of 6 or more years (AOR 5.41 (95% CI, 1.84 – 15.87), decisional authority (AOR 1.09 (95% CI, 1.00 – 1.18), skill discretion (AOR 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01 – 1.26), and depression (AOR 1.26 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.46). Conclusions: Women working in SW positions experience more psychological and physical work stress, and effort-reward imbalance. The interplay between effort and reward aspects of the work environment may significantly contribute to psychological work stress and persist with increasing age among female hospital employees regardless of SW status. Among female hospital employees SW status and psychological stress measures do not appear to have an immediate effect upon CVR, as measured by the MS, but may contribute to its development with prolonged exposure.
Thesis (Master, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2014-04-27 21:22:11.951

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Liu, Chan-Chia, and 劉展嘉. "Using Urban Metabolism to Establish Sustainable City Indicators." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46535319047073719376.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
102
In 1987, World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) define sustainable development as meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Agenda 21 emphases on sustainable development must comply with the country’s political and economic situation and environmental condition to adjust, namely concept of think globally, act locally. Cities play an important role in sustainable development. In Our Common Future point out that about 50% population will live in urban area in 21 century. According to UN statistics, only 29% of the population lived in cities and more than one million people, called megacities, only in New York and Tokyo. In 2010, the world’s population up to 7 billion .Cities population has grown to 3.5 billion, about 50% of total population (UN, 2009). The highest urban population growth rate in Asia and Africa (Satterthwaite etc., 2010). Cities were places with low production, high consumption and high waste. Due to the increase in cities population, cities use enormous recourses and energy. Therefore, when it comes to sustainable development, the use of recourses and energy in cities was a central issue. Sustainable development indicator is a tool to provide a direct or indirect measure of detailed description in Specific subject of the degree of sustainability in the future. Following this context, cities develop their own sustainable city indicators. But current sustainable city indicators with following problems: (1) Indicator oversimplification and too much, lack of representativeness and comparability. (2) Lack of energy and resources supply indicators. (3) Cannot assess or quantify city’s waste of energy and resources. (4) Rarely consider the carrying capacity and load capacity of the city. (5) Lack of urban metabolism. Urban metabolism is a systemic way to assess the state of energy and material in city. Constructing the sustainable city metabolic indicators, can make up the shortage of existing indicators. Using material flow as a tool to calculate the indicators, it can be a way to evaluate the sustainable city. Sustainable development define as that in consideration of the carrying capacity and maintaining a specific function and operation of the city ensuring stable supply, improving efficiency of using, reducing waste of material and energy, and prospering and recycling of waste. Base on the definition, the sustainable city metabolic indicator must comply with the principles of follow three: (1) Consider the energy and materials availability, adequacy and security. (2) Improve the efficiency of the use of energy and materials, and reduce waste. (3) Consider the carrying and processing capacity. The urban can be seen into three parts: supply, consumption and waste, and establish sustainable city metabolic indicators in three dimensions. Do empirical research of Taipei’s food and water, and give advice of management strategy and sustainable city metabolic indicators development.

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Wang, Chun-Sheng, and 王俊勝. "Indicators for Industrial Metabolism Analysis in Taiwan-Application of Exergy Productivity." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87330428131426488852.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
96
This study bases on the thermodynamic second law and associate with industrial metabolism and the concept of exergy as well as attempt to construct the simplified model of macro system energy and exergy flows in Taiwan. To explore the exergy productivity by using regression analysis of LINEX production function, and use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze and compare the product performance of selected sectors in Taiwan. The results can be summarized as follows: the energy and exegy utilization efficiency of energy end-use sectors are 53.45% and 27.29%. In the useful energy utilization stage, the ratio of exegy and energy which are the lowest of residential -commercial sector and industrial heating process. It’s maybe due to different reference environment temperature of the two sectors while the energy conversion process. By using LINEX production function regression, it is show that the degree of explanation is very well between economic production and the input factors which includes capital, labor and exergy. From the regression coefficients and the production function, we could get the capital, labor and exergy output elasiticity. Only the exergy output elasicity increases progressively year by year, but the other two decrease. It shows that the exergy input make the positive impact to productivity enhacement. About relative product analysis, the Chemical Materials display the worst in industrial sectors, and the service sector displays the best in all secotrs. Taiwan displays the worst in transnational compare due to the lower exergy productivity. Therefore, it should promote the exergy utilization efficiency and change the industrial organization in Taiwan.

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Aldridge, Kane T. "Phosphorus retention and metabolism : indicators of stream deterioration across a rural-urban gradient?" 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37980.

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Much attention has been paid to the effects of anthropogenic impacts upon physical and chemical conditions in freshwater ecosystems. However, impacts upon the functioning of these ecosystems and services that they provide remain relatively unknown. The objective of this thesis was to examine the validity of the general hypothesis that the deterioration of ecosystems may be reflected in their capacity to process resources. Changes in stream phosphorus retention and metabolism were investigated across a rural-urban gradient in the Torrens River Catchment, South Australia, where channel structures of rural reaches are less modified than urban reaches. In a stream with an intact upper rural catchment (First Creek), a reach with an un-modified channel structure retained 60% ± 12.1 filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) and had an average uptake length of 79 m ± 3.4. In comparison, degraded and engineered reaches of First Creek retained less FRP and had longer uptake lengths. In Fourth Creek, which is influenced by agriculture, there were no differences in FRP retention between the reaches. Reduced FRP retention in impacted reaches were a result of decreased contact time, reduced period of continuous flow and increased nutrient availability. Although abiotic benthic FRP uptake rates (up to 6.8 μg m [ superscript minus 2 ] s [ superscript minus 1 ] ± 0.36) were consistently greater than biotic uptake rates (up to 3.6 μg m [ superscript minus 2 ] s [ superscript minus 1 ] ± 0.52), decreased total benthic uptake rates in impacted reaches were mainly due to decreased biotic uptake. Metabolic rates were measured within benthic chambers containing rocks and gravel and scaled up to the stream reach. At chamber and reach scales, metabolic rates in the unmodified reach of First Creek were consistently low (community respiration (CR) up to 113 mg O [ subscript 2 ] m [ superscript minus 2 ] day [ superscript minus 1 ] ± 47.4 and gross primary production (GPP) up to 234 mg O [ subscript 2 ] m [ superscript minus 2 ] day [ superscript minus 1 ] ± 89.5), with a positive net ecosystem production (NEP). In comparison, the degraded reach of First Creek switched between having a negative and positive NEP. Reaches of Fourth Creek also experienced considerable variation and had higher metabolic rates than First Creek (CR up to 371 mg O [ subscript 2 ] m [ superscript minus 2 ] day [ superscript minus 1 ] ± 62.1 and GPP up to 847 mg O [ subscript 2 ] m [ superscript minus 2 ] day [ superscript minus 1 ] ± 66.1). Increased metabolic rates in impacted reaches were attributed to increased light availability and reduced grazing by higher trophic levels, promoting autotrophic organisms. The altered ecosystem functions were considered to reflect a reduced capacity of deteriorated streams to process resources. However, the addition of coarse particulate organic matter to a degraded-urban stream reach increased CR and reduced NEP to levels more akin to those experienced within pristine streams. Furthermore, percent FRP retention increased, primarily through increased demand for phosphorus of the microbial community. Although this demonstrated that rehabilitation of in-stream attributes might restore important ecosystem functions in impacted streams, successful restoration will only be achieved if the over-riding causes of in-stream degradation are addressed.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005.

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Shing, Lee Jia, and 李佳興. "Effects of training method on motor performances and energy metabolism indicators of elementary school kids." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78297260230389614704.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
體育學系碩士班
95
PURPOSE: To explore the effects of training method on motor performances and energy metabolism indicators of elementary school kids. METHODS: Thirty-four male 5th grade elementary school students were divided into anaerobic training group(G1)(N=11), aerobic training group(G2)(N=12), and control group(G3) (N=11). G1 and G2 were engaged in 40 min of anaerobic and aerobic training a day, 3 days a week, 8 weeks in succession .The motor performances include running power test, 100m dash, and 12 min run-walk ; the energy metabolism indicators include lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) , creatine kinase(CK) and hemoglobin(Hb) ,being tested or measured before and after 8 weeks of training ,by two-way ANOVA mixed design variables. RESULT: (1) no difference was found on running power test among three groups after training; (2) the scores of 100m dash among (G1) and (G2) after 8 weeks of training were significantly better than pre training(p＜.05); (3) the distance of 12 min run-walk of (G1) and (G2) after 8 weeks of training were significantly better than pre training(p＜.05); (4) the LDH of (G1) and (G2) examined after training were significantly higher than pre training(p＜.05); (5) the CK of (G1) and (G2) examined after training were significantly higher than pre training(p＜.05), the CK of (G1) and (G2) examined after training were significantly higher than (G3); and (6) the Hb of (G1), (G2) and (G3) examined after and before training were no significantly different (p＞.05). CONCLUSION: (1) the anaerobic and aerobic training could both significantly improve the endurance of heart and lungs(12 minutes run-walk). (2) both anaerobic and aerobic training could significantly improve the score of 100m dash; and (3) the anaerobic and aerobic training could both significantly improve the LDH and CK.

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Tsai, Yi-Shan, and 蔡易珊. "Effects of Carbohydrate Supplementation on the Myokine Irisin and Indicators of Energy Metabolism during Endurance Exercise." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/acunzg.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
104
Background：Irisin is a novel exercise-induced hormone secreted by skeletal muscle and possibly mediating the positive effects of exercise on metabolism via inducing “browning” of adipose tissue or facilitating glucose metabolism in muscle. Purpose: It aimed to investigate the effects of acute endurance exercise and CHO supplementation on irisin levels. Method: 12 young physically active men were recruited and completed two trials in a randomized, double-blinded and crossover design. Each trial consists of a treadmill run at 70% VO2 max for 90 mins and then increasing speed from 90% VO2 max until exhaustion. Every 20 mins during the run, participants consumed CHO solutions (10%, 2.5ml/kg) or PLA solutions of same amount and sweetness. OGTT tests were conducted with over-night fasting at baseline (and 24 hr later) and followed by a standard meal with high/low CHO%, and then the run 1 hr after meals. Irisin, blood glucose, lactate and insulin levels were measured at baseline, pre-exercise, during exercise (the 80th min of run), immediately after exercise and 24 hrs after baseline. Results：There were no significant differences in irisin levels or OGTT between trials and time points (p > .05)；time to exhaustion is higher in CHO trial (318.58 ± 92.67 secs vs. 256.42 ± 116.32 secs) (p < .05)；glucose during exercise is higher in CHO trial (104.17 ± 9.20 mg/dL vs. 83.92 ± 9.54 mg/dL) (p < .05)。Conclusion: Meals with high/low CHO% before and CHO ingestion during acute endurance exercise might not affect irisin levels.

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Chen, Li-Chun, and 陳立純. "The Association Between Health Believes about Influenza Vaccination Among Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Metabolic Control Indicator." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57639056861317617001.

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碩士
義守大學
醫務管理學系
104
Many studies have revealed that receiving influenza vaccination could prevent influenza infection in 70% of the healthy and young population, 50% in the elderly or immunocompromised population, and reduce mortality by 80%. Therefore, influenza vaccination is currently the most effective way in preventing high risk and elderly patients from getting influenza infection and its severe complications, including hospital admission and death. According to the data provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, in 2012, 164 people died of influenza, and 16.5% had diabetes; in 2013, 71 people died of influenza, and 16.9% had diabetes (Department of Statistics, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2015). The diabetic population is prone to influenza infection and has a higher rate of complication and mortality. So they should receive influenza vaccination. The rate of influenza vaccination in the elderly T2DM diabetic population is a very important issue related to their survival. The purpose of this study is to determine: 1.the rate of influenza vaccination in the elderly T2DM diabetic population, and find out why some refuse this action 2.whether healthy behavior will affect vaccination willingness 3.whether health believes will affect vaccination willingness 3.whether influenza vaccination will affect metabolic profiles. This study is based on the concept of Health Believes. It further analyzes the differences in the demographic distribution, metabolic profiles, personal health behaviors and health status among the type 2 elderly patients who agreed or refused to have influenza vaccination. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a diabetic specialized clinic in southern Taiwan. Total of 264 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus over the age of 50 years were included in the study. The domains included in the questionnaire are the following: demographic characteristics, healthy behaviors, health status and health believes toward influenza vaccination. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0, using descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square and logistic regression. The results revealed that compared with those who refuses influenza vaccination, those who agreed on vaccination were older (χ2 =8.906，p=0.003), had a longer duration of diabetes (13.69± 7.97 v.s 10.61± 6.61，p =0.002) , and disagreed on “I’m prone to getting sick comparing with others” (p<0.001) (perceived susceptibility). In the aspect of “the benefits of influenza vaccination” (perceived benefits), the vaccinated group had higher scores (17.44±3.166 v.s 13.81±4.599，p＜0.001).The vaccinated group also had higher score in the “cues to action” aspect (28.34±4.15 v.s 23.97±4.06，p＜0.001). Metabolic profiles did not differ among the 2 groups. From this study, we noticed that the willingness to have influenza vaccination is associated with age, diabetes duration, perceived benefits and cues to action. The age of the individual and his/her diabetes duration could not be altered. Therefore this study suggests that medical professionals play a very important role in influenza prevention and the promoting of influenza vaccination. Enhancing the doctor-patient relationship and the trust in the medical team will be a very important key. This study suggests that medical professionals should have sufficient and correct knowledge about influenza and its vaccination. Adequate information and health education about influenza vaccination should be provided not only to the patients, but also to their family members. The correct concept could be promoted via community activities, TV or radio broadcasts, or even during the waiting time in OPD sessions. Health department of local government should also hold seminar and lectures concerning this topic to disseminate the correct concept.

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Ruiz-Haas, Peter A. "Monitoring redox conditions with redox indicators during microbial reductive dechlorination in microcosms and bioaugmented columns." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28673.

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Li, Wei. "Two supramolecular methods for detecting a cancer metabolite with cucurbituril." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7261.

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The enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is a candidate biomarker for various cancers as its activity in cancerous tissues is significantly increased. An artificial molecule, amantadine, is exclusively acetylated by SSAT to acetylamantadine (AcAm), levels of which in urine can serve as a proxy biomarker for malignancy. Current method of AcAm detection is laborious, time-consuming, and lacks the possibility of transforming to a point-of-care device. In this thesis, two different approaches were applied to detect AcAm in deionized water and in human urine using optical methods. The first one was fluorescence-based indicator displacement assay using cucurbit[7]uril as the receptor molecule. The second was programmed gold nanoparticle disaggregation with cucurbit[7]uril as a molecular linker.
Graduate

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45

Barr, Neill G. "Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the green alga Ulva: developing an indicator of seawater nitrogen loading." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2522.

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The following research has focused on the utility of Ulva as an indicator of seawater nitrogen loading. Evaluation was made in three ways: 1) Observation of large-scale geographic variation in nitrogen status in natural populations around New Zealand in summer and winter, 2) Laboratory-based experimental assessment of the biochemical responses of N-indices in Ulva to nitrogen enrichment, and 3) Culturing standardized test-Ulva under low nutrient conditions which could be deployed into a variety of field situations. Seawater inorganic nutrient (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate) concentrations and nitrogen (N)-indices (free amino acids, chlorophyll and total tissue nitrogen) in natural Ulva populations from 32 sites around New Zealand were compared. Sites were divided into 6 environmental categories: sheltered rural, exposed rural, rock pools, sheltered urban, exposed urban, and nitrogen-enriched urban sites. Seawater nutrient concentrations were highly variable between all sites in summer and winter. However, in the summer enriched urban sites had the highest mean total inorganic nitrogen concentrations and Ulva with the highest mean levels of all N-indices compared with any other environmental category. In the winter, Ulva contained more nitrogen (reflected in all N-indices) compared with Ulva in the summer, particularly in populations growing in colder southern seawater on more exposed coasts. The increase in Ulva N-status was not explained by increased seawater inorganic nitrogen concentrations. With univariate and multivariate statistical approaches it was shown that there was a significant effect of seawater temperature and site exposure on N-status in Ulva. Compared with other N-indices, stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) from Ulva growing in enriched urban sites had the widest range (4.77 ± 0.04 ‰ to 15.16 ± 0.03 ‰) of values compared with all other categories in both summer and winter. Conversely, Ulva from exposed rural sites had the lowest range of δ15N values compared with any other category (6.7 ± 0.1 to 8.8 ± 0.1 ‰) and showed no seasonal change in mean values (7.8 ‰ and 7.6 ‰ for summer and winter, respectively). In addition, δ15N values in Ulva were the only N-index that showed a significant difference between urban and rural categories. To test the relationship between inorganic nitrogen concentration in seawater and the responses of biochemical nitrogen indices in Ulva pertusa, several experiments were conducted in an outdoor, flow-through culture apparatus, in summer and winter. In this apparatus effects of ammonium concentration, nitrogen source (nitrate and ammonium), light and seawater motion were investigated. Of the same three N-indices examined in natural Ulva populations (free amino acids, chlorophyll and total tissue nitrogen), increases in free amino acids, particularly asparagine, provided the strongest indicator of increases in nitrogen availability. In addition, while tissue nitrogen and chlorophyll also increased with seawater nitrogen concentration, it was apparent that these indices were also strongly influenced by light, and probably season. Rates of ammonium assimilation provided no overall measure of the availability of nitrogen in seawater and were clearly affected by season. Similarly, growth rates in Ulva only showed a response to nitrogen addition in summer months. Stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) in Ulva provided a clear distinction between natural and synthetic nitrogen sources, but more importantly, showed only minor fractionation (ranging from 1.3 ‰ to -1.9 ‰) of 15N supplied from synthetic nitrate and ammonium under both light-saturating and light-limiting conditions. To further develop Ulva as a standardized test-organism it was cultured in low-nutrient (non-polluted) seawater to deplete internal storage pools of nitrogen. Each month the resulting test-Ulva was then placed in surface-moored growth enclosures at a range of coastal sites around Auckland and then monitored for one year. In winter there were increases in seawater inorganic nitrogen concentrations and concomitant increases in free amino acid content. However, tissue nitrogen and chlorophyll content in test-Ulva showed similar increases (possibly saturating) across all sites suggesting that seasonal increases in these N-indices were also due to other seasonal factors (e.g., surface irradiance and / or seawater temperature). On the other hand, the total free amino acid pool showed strong differences between a low-nitrogen reference site and the other study sites all year round. It was probable that test-Ulva was integrating differences in tidally-averaged nitrogen loading that were not reliably detected in instantaneous seawater samples. In addition to N-indices in test-Ulva, levels of tissue heavy metals and stable isotopes of nitrogen showed strong differences with higher values of both typically found in urban environments compared with values found in non-polluted reference sites. It is concluded that several abiotic and biotic factors affect nitrogen status in Ulva, but the average nitrogen concentration in seawater, and the physical factors of temperature, light and water motion, appear to be the overarching determinants. It is further suggested that in combination with Ulva tissue δ15N values, tissue nitrogen and the free amino acid pool, as quantitative biochemical measures of nitrogen availability, are likely to provide useful information on both the amount and composition of nitrogen entering coastal environments.
Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Auckland Regional Council.

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46

JIA, YI-SHEN, and 賈宜琛. "Effect of saturation of edible oils on lipid metabolism:P/S is not a good indicator for lipid metabolism." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25420968506439094500.

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47

Alwahsh, Salamah Mohammad. "Investigating the role of lipocalin-2 as a diagnostic indicator for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a fructose-induced rat fatty liver model: First experimental studies." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-6098-F.

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48

Alves, Accioly Rocha Edrienny Patricia. "Serum uric acid levels as an indicator for metabolically unhealthy obesity in children and adolescents: Uric acid in metabolically unhealthy obesity children." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32574.

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Übergewichtige Personen, die keine fettleibigkeitsbedingten metabolischen Komplikationen zeigen, wurden als 'metabolisch gesund fettleibig' (MHO, Metabolically healthy obesity) definiert. Im Gegensatz zu metabolisch ungesunden fettleibigen (MUO, Metabolically unhealthy obesity) Individuen zeigen MHOs keine metabolischen Störungen wie Bluthochdruck, Dyslipidämie, Insulinresistenz und Entzündung [50]. Aufgrund des Mangels an allgemein akzeptierten Kriterien ist die genaue Definition des MHO-Status jedoch immer noch umstritten. Es wird allgemein angenommen, dass die MHO-Definition von der Einführung zusätzlicher Biomarker profitieren könnte, welche wiederum zur Klärung der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen metabolischer Komplikationen herangezogen werden können [24]. Darüber hinaus hat sich die klinische Forschung hauptsächlich auf Erwachsene konzentriert, und es liegen nur wenige Studien zu MHO bei jungen Menschen vor. Daher wird die Untersuchung des MHO-Status in der jungen Bevölkerung unter Verwendung gut etablierter und potentiell neuer Indikatoren als wesentlich angesehen, um einen positiven Beitrag zur Prävention und/oder Behandlung von zukünftigen fettleibigkeitsbezogenen Krankheiten zu leisten. Unter den möglichen neuen Biomarkern wurde festgestellt, dass Serumharnsäure (Serum-UA) eine wichtige Rolle als kardiometabolischer Risikofaktor [22] für Adipositas-assoziierte Komorbiditäten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen spielt. Dennoch haben nur wenige Studien den Zusammenhang zwischen dieser biochemischen Variablen und MHO in der jungen Bevölkerung untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Studie lag auf der Identifizierung potenzieller klinischer und metabolischer Indikatoren, die zur Unterscheidung zwischen MHO- und MUO-Phänotypen beitragen können. Die anthropometrischen, klinischen und biochemischen Merkmale von 458 Kindern und Jugendlichen wurden analysiert und diskutiert. MHO- und MUO-Individuen repräsentieren 38% bzw. 16% der dieser Grupe. Der häufigste kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktor bei MUO-Patienten war Hypertriglyceridämie (54,2%), gefolgt von niedrigem Serum-HDL-C (45,8%), Hypertonie (19,5%) und gestörter Glukosetoleranz (14,7%). Zusammenfassend deuten diese Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass eine frühzeitige Identifizierung von MUO in der Jugend möglich ist, wodurch eine frühzeitige Erkennung möglicher metabolischer Komplikationen gewährleistet ist. Verglichen mit der MUO-Gruppe zeigten MHO-Individuen niedrigere Nüchterninsulinwerte, Triglyceride, Blutdruck, Nüchternglucose und höhere Insulinsensitivität sowie niedrigere Serumharnsäure-, hs-CRP-, Albumin- und C-Peptidspiegel. Interessanterweise wurden im Gegensatz zu früheren Studien in den MHO- und MUO-Gruppen ähnlich hohe Werte für die Marker der Leberfunktion, einschließlich der zirkulierenden Konzentrationen von ALT, AST und alkalischer Phosphatase, festgestellt. Dieses Ergebnis legt nahe, dass niedrigere Leberenzyme zu dem günstigen metabolischen Profil von MHO-Individuen beitragen könnten. Darüber hinaus fördert diese Forschung ein besseres Verständnis der Wirkung potenzieller Indikatoren, die verwendet werden können, um MHO von MUO zu unterscheiden, insbesondere mit dem Fokus auf Serum-UA. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass Serum-UA mit mehreren kardiometabolischen Risikofaktoren assoziiert ist, die normalerweise mit Fettleibigkeit in Verbindung gebracht werden, wie Serumtriglycerid SDS, systolischer Blutdruck, C-Peptid und Cystatin C. Keine signifikante Beziehung zwischen Glukose-SDS und Serum-UA-Spiegeln wurde gefunden. Höhere Serumspiegel von UA erwiesen sich als signifikanter Indikator für den MUO-Phänotyp. Höhere C-Peptid-Spiegel, Taillenumfangs-SDS und Pubertätstadium sind mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit des MUO-Status assoziiert. Umgekehrt zeigte das Geschlecht der Person keine signifikante Wirkung. Hs-CRP und Albumin waren keine signifikanten MUO-Indikatoren, wenn sie nach Alter, Geschlecht, Pubertät und BMI-SDS kontrolliert wurden. Die in dieser Arbeit präsentierten Ergebnisse könnten für eine bessere Unterscheidung zwischen MUO- und MHO-Phänotypen nützlich sein und adipositasbedingte Komorbiditäten frühzeitig im Leben behandeln. Längsschnittstudien in größeren Kohorten mit jüngeren Individuen werden als ein vernünftiger nächster Schritt angesehen, um das Ergebnis dieser Arbeit zu bestätigen und zu erweitern. Mögliche zukünftige Untersuchungen könnten zusätzliche Eigenschaften und Wirkungen von MHO/MUO-Indikatoren betreffen. Zum Beispiel, wie der Serum-UA-Spiegel durch Konsum zuckergesüßter Erfrischungsgetränke und Alkohol beeinfluss wird.:LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS III I. BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE BESCHREIBUNG IV 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Obesity and associated diseases, a world health threat 1.1.1 Definitions and classifications of overweight and obesity 1.2 A ‘metabolic healthy’ type of obesity 1.2.1 Distinguishing characteristics of healthy obesity 1.3 Physiology of uric acid (UA) 1.3.1 Serum UA and cardiometabolic risk factors 1.3.2 Serum UA and type 2 diabetes 1.3.3 Serum UA and hypertension 1.3.4 Serum UA and kidney-related complications 1.3.5 Connection between Serum UA levels and metabolic health status THE PROJECT RESEARCH 1.4 Research question and hypotheses 1.5 The LIFE-Child study 2 PUBLICATION MANUSCRIPT REFERENCES 3 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ARBEIT REFERENCES ANLAGEN II. Supplement Material III. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit IV. Curriculum Vitae V. List of publications and conference participations VI. Acknowledgments
Obese individuals that do not show obesity-related metabolic complications have been defined as “metabolically healthy obese” (MHO). Unlike metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) individuals, MHO do not show several metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation. However, due to the lack of universally accepted criteria, the precise definition of the MHO status is still controversial. It is widely believed that the MHO definition might benefit from the introduction of additional biomarkers, which in turn can be used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of metabolic complications. Futhermore, clinical research has mostly focused on adults and few studies addressing MHO in young individuals are available. Therefore, the investigation of the MHO status in the young population, by using well-established and potential new indicators, is considered essential to positively contribute to prevention and/or treatment of future obese-related diseases. Among the possible potential new biomarker, serum uric acid (serum UA) has been found to play an important role as a cardiometabolic risk factor44 for obesity-related comorbidities in children and adolescents. Nonetheless, very few studies have investigated the association between this biochemical variable and MHO in the young population. The focus of the present study was to identify potential clinical and metabolic indicators that may help to distinguish between MHO and MUO phenotypes. The anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics of 458 children and adolescents were analyzed and discussed. MHO and MUO individuals represent 38% and 16% of the overweight/obese population, respectively. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factor found in MUO individuals was hypertriglyceridemia (54.2%), followed by low serum HDL-C (45.8%), hypertension (19.5%) and impaired glucose tolerance (14.7%). Altogether, these findings suggest that early identification of MUO is possible during youth, thereby ensuring the early addressing of potential metabolic complications. Compared to the MUO group, MHO individuals showed lower fasting insulin values, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and higher insulin sensitivity, as well as lower serum uric acid, hs-CRP, albumin and C-peptide levels. Interestingly, in contrast to previous studies, markers of liver function, including circulating concentrations of ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase, were found to be similarly high in MHO and MUO groups. This finding suggests that lower levels of hepatic enzymes could contribute to the favorable metabolic profile of MHO individuals. In addition, the research promotes a better understanding of the action of potential indicators that can be used to distinguish MHO from MUO, especially focusing on serum UA. The results of this thesis revealed that serum UA is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors usually linked with obesity, such as serum triglyceride SDS, systolic blood pressure, C-peptide and Cystatin C. No significant relationship between glucose-SDS and serum UA levels has been found. Higher levels of serum UA were found to be a significant indicator of the MUO phenotype. Higher levels of C-peptide, waist circumference SDS and pubertal stage are associated to higher likelihood of MUO status. Conversely, the individual’s gender showed no significant effect. Hs-CRP and albumin were non-significant MUO indicators when controlled for age, gender, pubertal stage and BMI-SDS. The results presented in this thesis might be valuable for a better distinction between MUO and MHO phenotypes and to properly address obesity-related comorbidities early in life. Longitudinal studies in larger cohorts with younger individuals are seen as a sensible next step to confirm and expand the outcome of this work. Possible future investigations might address additional properties and effects of MHO/MUO indicators, for instance by studying how serum UA levels are affected by alcohol consumption and sugar-sweetened soft drinks.:LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS III I. BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE BESCHREIBUNG IV 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Obesity and associated diseases, a world health threat 1.1.1 Definitions and classifications of overweight and obesity 1.2 A ‘metabolic healthy’ type of obesity 1.2.1 Distinguishing characteristics of healthy obesity 1.3 Physiology of uric acid (UA) 1.3.1 Serum UA and cardiometabolic risk factors 1.3.2 Serum UA and type 2 diabetes 1.3.3 Serum UA and hypertension 1.3.4 Serum UA and kidney-related complications 1.3.5 Connection between Serum UA levels and metabolic health status THE PROJECT RESEARCH 1.4 Research question and hypotheses 1.5 The LIFE-Child study 2 PUBLICATION MANUSCRIPT REFERENCES 3 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ARBEIT REFERENCES ANLAGEN II. Supplement Material III. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit IV. Curriculum Vitae V. List of publications and conference participations VI. Acknowledgments

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49

Russell, Marc James. "Net ecosystem metabolism in Texas shallow water estuaries: an indicator of freshwater inflow effects, scales of variability, and changes due to climate change and watershed development." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2149.

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50

Fortin, Marie-Chantale. "Développement, application et validation d’une nouvelle stratégie de mesure des indicateurs biologiques de l’exposition aux pyréthrinoïdes et aux pyréthrines chez l’humain." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3044.

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Les pyréthrinoïdes et les pyréthrines sont des insecticides neurotoxiques auxquels on attribue également des effets néfastes sur les systèmes immunitaire, hormonal et reproducteur. Ils sont abondamment utilisés en agriculture, mais aussi en horticulture, en extermination et dans le traitement d’infestations parasitaires humaines et animales (gale, poux). Il y a donc un intérêt en santé environnementale à connaître l’ampleur de l’exposition humaine à ces pesticides. La mesure des métabolites urinaires des pyréthrinoïdes et des pyréthrines apparaît une approche de choix pour arriver à cette fin puisqu’elle permet, en théorie, d’obtenir un portrait global de l’exposition. Or,traditionnellement et par soucis de simplicité les concentrations volumiques ou ajustées pour la créatinine) de ces biomarqueurs dans des urines ponctuelles sont déterminées, mais l’effet de l’utilisation de ces unités sur la validité des estimations de dose quotidienne absorbée n’a jamais été vérifié. L’objectif général de cette thèse était donc de développer, appliquer et valider une nouvelle stratégie de mesure et d’analyse de biomarqueurs pour améliorer la précision et la fiabilité des évaluations de l’exposition individuelles et populationnelles aux pyréthrinoïdes et pyréthrines. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient : i) de caractériser l’exposition humaine à ces contaminants en région urbaine et rurale au Québec et ii) de comparer la validité de la nouvelle stratégie de mesure et d’analyse de biomarqueurs urinaires proposée avec les autres méthodes plus usuelles utilisées pour estimer l’exposition individuelle et populationnelle et les doses absorbées de pyréthrinoïdes. Des adultes et des enfants, recrutés dans la population de l’Île de Montréal et de la Montérégie ont recueilli leurs urines pendant une période d’au moins douze heures et complété un questionnaire documentant les sources potentielles d’exposition. Les quantités de métabolites de pyréthrinoïdes et pyréthrines (pmol) mesurées dans les urines ont été ajustées pour une période de douze heures exactement et pour le poids corporel. Les quantités excrétées en région urbaine ont été comparées à celles excrétées en région rurale et les données individuelles et populationnelles ont été comparées à celles qui auraient été obtenues si des concentrations volumiques ou ajustées pour la créatinine avaient été mesurées. Les résultats montrent que l’exposition à ces pesticides est ubiquiste puisque plus de 90% des participants excrétaient les principaux métabolites de pyréthrinoïdes et pyréthrines à un niveau supérieur au seuil de détection analytique. Les résultats suggèrent que l’alimentation pourrait être à l’origine de ce niveau de base puisque les autres sources d’exposition connues n’ont été que rarement rapportées. Au Québec, l’exposition en milieu rural apparaissait légèrement plus importante qu’en milieu urbain et certains facteurs d’exposition, comme l’utilisation de pesticides domestiques, ont été rapportés plus fréquemment en milieu rural. Enfin, il a été démontré que la mesure des concentrations volumiques ou ajustées pour la créatinine de biomarqueurs est une approche qui peut entraîner des biais importants (jusqu’à 500% d’erreur et plus) en particulier lors de l’évaluation de l’exposition individuelle. Il est évident que les autorités de santé publique et de santé environnementale employant des biomarqueurs urinaires afin d’évaluer l’exposition aux pyréthrinoïdes et aux pyréthrines (ainsi qu’à d’autres molécules ayant des demi-vies d’élimination similaire)devraient diriger leurs efforts vers la mesure des quantités excrétées pendant une période d’au moins douze heures pour obtenir un portrait le plus valide possible de l’exposition. Il serait aussi souhaitable de mieux documenter la toxicocinétique de ces molécules chez l’humain afin d’établir avec une plus grande confiance la relation entre les quantités excrétées de biomarqueurs et les doses absorbées de ces contaminants.
Pyrethroids and pyrethrins are neurotoxic insecticides also considered to have negative effects on the immune, endocrine and reproductive systems. They are abundantly used for agricultural and horticultural purposes, for pest control and to treat human and animal parasitic infestations (scabies, lice). Consequently, there is in environmental health an interest in evaluating the extent of human exposure to these pesticides. The measurement of pyrethroid and pyrethrin metabolites in urine seems to be the best approach because it provides in theory a global depiction of the exposure. Because of it straightforwardness, it is common practice to use the biomarkers volume-weighted or creatinine-adjusted concentrations in spot urine samples, however the validity of daily doses estimates derived from these units has yet to be assessed. The main goal of this research was to develop, apply and validate a new approach to the measurement and analysis of biomarkers to improve the precision and the reliability of estimates of pyrethroid and pyrethrin exposure at the individual and population levels. The specific objectives were: i) to characterize human exposure to these contaminants in urban and rural populations in Quebec and ii) to assess the validity of this new strategy of measurement and analysis of urinary biomarkers with the biological monitoring strategies generally used to assess individual and population pyrethroid exposure and absorbed doses. Adults and children recruited in the population of the Island of Montreal and of Monteregie collected their urines for at least twelve hours and filled a questionnaire about their potential sources of exposure. The amounts of pyrethroid and pyrethrin metabolites measured in urine (pmol) were adjusted to a fixed twelve hour period and for the body weight. The amounts excreted in the urban area were compared to those from the rural area and individual and population data were compared to those that would have been obtained if volume-weighted or creatinine-adjusted concentrations would have been used. Results show that exposure to these pesticides is very common, with more than 90% of the participants excreting the main pyrethroid and pyrethrin metabolites above the analytical limit of detection. These results also suggest that the diet could be the main contributor to this base level because the other known sources of exposure were rarely reported. In the province of Quebec, the exposure in a rural area seemed slightly more important than in an urban area and some exposure factors, like the use of household pesticides, were reported more frequently in rural area. Finally, it was shown that the measurement of volume-weighted or creatinine-adjusted concentrations is an approach that can lead to an important bias (an error of up to 500% and more) especially for the assessment of individual exposure. It becomes obvious that public health and environmental health authorities using urinary biomarkers to assess pyrethroid and pyrethrin exposure (or other compounds with similar half-lives) should focus their efforts on measuring the amounts excreted during a period of at least twelve hours to obtain the best picture of the exposure. It would also be pertinent to increase the knowledge of the toxicokinetic behaviour of these compounds in humans in order to establish with greater confidence the relation between the excreted amounts and the absorbed doses of these contaminants.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metabolic indicators'

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