Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Métabolisme des lipoprotéines'
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Tremblay, André. "Étude du métabolisme des lipoprotéines dans diverses dyslipidémies." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23810/23810.pdf.
Full textBroussaud, Sébastien. "Evaluation du cholestérol dans deux lipoprotéines athérogènes : les LDL [low density lipoprotéins] et la Lp(a) [lipoprotéine a]." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P012.
Full textJuhel, Christine. "Métabolisme des lipides et des lipoprotéines en période postprandiale chez un modèle animal : le lapin néo-zélandais blanc, relation avec l'athérosclérose." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30050.
Full textDuez, Hélène. "Rôle des récepteurs nucléaires PPARα et Rev-erbα dans le métabolisme des lipides et lipoprotéines, et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P007.
Full textPruneta, Valérie. "Mise en évidence de nouvelles fonctions de la lipoprotéine lipase liée aux lipoprotéines de très basse densité." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T083.
Full textHarmancey, Romain. "Caractérisation des propriétés de deux protéines associes à l'obésité : une nouvelle apolipoprotéine et l'adrénomedulline." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30195.
Full textWhite adipose tissue is known to secrete a number of proteins named adipokines, whose dysregulations are suspected to play major roles in the development of several diseases commonly associated to obesity. Moreover, excess fat deposition in cardiomyocytes is believed to contribute to heart diseases through lipotoxicity and lipoapoptosis processes. The present data aimed to define the physiological functions of two secreted proteins up-regulated in obese patients. We demonstrate that one of these proteins, whose cardiac expression is increased with obesity, is a novel apolipoprotein (named Apo O) originally linked to a chondroitine sulfate chain, found mainly associated to HDL particles. Recombinant Apo O strongly stimulates cholesterol efflux from cells. Thus, Apo O could contribute to heart protection by preventing lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The second protein studied, adrenomedullin (AM), is a multifunctional regulatory factor known for its natriuretic and vasodilating properties. Our results demonstrate that AM is a new adipokine that acts locally to modulate fat mass metabolism and development. First, we reported that AM inhibits isoproterenol-induced lipolysis through the nitric oxide-dependent oxidation of the beta-agonist. This reaction generates aminochromes, which is the product of catecholamines' oxidation and known to be cardiotoxic. Second, the molecular modulation of AM synthesis in a murine preadipocyte cell line showed that the peptide has anti-adipogenic properties. This last finding could be related to insulin proadipogenic effects since we found AM to be down-regulated by insulin at the transcriptional level through insulin-responsive elements
Attia, Nebil. "Métabolisme postprandial des lipoprotéines chez le sujet diabétique non insulino-dépendant." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077159.
Full textBiset, Florence. "Etude des lipoprotéines au cours des dysglobulinémies monoclonales." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P203.
Full textBennis, Abdel-Haq. "Contribution à l'étude des lipides et lipoprotéines sériques ou plasmatiques de la chèvre." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT013A.
Full textChanson, Nathalie. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre les lipoprotéines plasmatiques et les émulsions lipidiques intraveineuses." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P619.
Full textIn parenteral nutrition, lipids are delivered in the form of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE),which contain triglycerid-rich particles (TGRP) and phospholipid-rich particles. In vitro and in the bloodstream, ILE particles interact with lipoproteins (apolipoprotein acquisition and lipid exchanges). In the present work, a new type of interaction between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and ILE particles, was observed. After incubation, some apo B, was measured in the incubated emulsion fraction, despite they are structural non-exchangeable apolipoprotein of LDL. These results suggest the formation of LDL-TGRP complex, which are separated by ultracentrifugation and chromatography and this was confirmed by electron microscopy [. . . ]
Marques-Vidal, Pedro. "Rôle de la triglycéride lipase hépatique dans le catabolisme des lipoprotéines de haute densité." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30238.
Full textBentéjac, Marc. "Etude du métabolisme des sphingomyélines des lipoprotéines de haute densité chez le rat." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS015.
Full textFerrer, Fanny. "Analyse quantitative et métabolisme des lipoprotéines contenant l'APO AIV au cours de l'insulinorésistance." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT17VS.
Full textApolipoprotein AIV associated with HDL could be anti-atherogenic, playing an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. However, in non insulin-dependent diabetic patients (NIDDM), apo AIV accumulates in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and could be a cardiovascular risk marker. Fasting apo AIV level could also be a predictor of triglyceride postprandial response. Obese and diabetics currently present a metabolic syndrome, leading to alterations in lipoprotein metabolism. However, neither the apo AIV level in TRL, nor the influence of insulin resistance on its metabolism or responses of apo AIV-containing lipoproteins after a high fat diet, have been determined. Therefore, we have studied, in obese subjects, apo AIV metabolism, developed an assay to measure apo AIV in TRL (Lp B:AIV) and in HDL (Lp AIV non B), and evaluated their relationships with TRL and parameters related to insulin resistance. . . .
Lespine, Anne. "Modèle expérimental de déficit en lipoprotéine lipase : régulations différentielles dans le coeur et dans le tissu adipeux." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30037.
Full textLamant, Matthieu. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle apolipoprotéine humaine, l’Apo O." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1/.
Full textDachet, Christiane. "Mode d'action d'un médicament hypolipidémiant , le Probucol : transport et catabolisme des LDL, modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120055.
Full textParadis, Marie-Eve. "Étude du rôle de la lipase endothéliale dans le métabolisme des lipoprotéines chez l'humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24958/24958.pdf.
Full textParadis, Marie-Ève. "Étude du rôle de la lipase endothéliale dans le métabolisme des lipoprotéines chez l'humain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19461.
Full textDubois, Christophe. "Effets des nutriments lipidiques et des fibres alimentaires sur le métabolisme des lipides en période post-prandiale chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30091.
Full textBailhache, Edwige. "Étude du métabolisme des lipoprotéines chez le chien par les isotopes stables : effet de l'insulinorésistance associée à l'obésité." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2009.
Full textOur aim was to study lipoproteins metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in healthy dogs, a species which has a low CETP activity, and then in insulin resistant (IR) dogs. In healthy dogs, apo B100 exclusively appears in VLDL, which high production is associated with a high catabolism (5-fold greater than that of human). LDL-apoB100 metabolism seems to be similar in dogs and humans. Our results showed that the healthy dog does not exhibit any CETP activity in vivo, and that a high level of reverse cholesterol transport is due to a very important LCAT activity and a high HDL cholesteryl ester selective uptake. Indeed, among species lacking of CETP activity, the dog could to be the best model for the study of the modulation of HDL cholesteryl ester selective uptake. Lipoprotein profiles obtained from FPLC in obese IR dog show that lipids abnormalities are similar to those observed in IR human. These results, confirmed by kinetics suggest that obese IR dogs could have a CETP activity. IR leads to an increase in VLDL-apo B100, as a consequence of a lower lipolysis, and to a decrease in LDL-apo B100 level as a consequence of a higher catabolism. The model we developed could thus be useful for studying some effects of IR in humans
Beyne, Pascale. "Contribution à l'étude des anomalies du métabolisme des lipoprotéines dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique : faut-il s'intéresser à l'apolipoprotéine CII ?" Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114815.
Full textGrenier, Geneviève. "Impact de la consommation d'acides gras trans naturels et industriels sur le métabolisme des lipoprotéines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25923/25923.pdf.
Full textBach-Ngohou, Botum Kalyane. "Rôle de l'apolipoprotéine E dans le métabolisme des lipoprotéines riches en triglycérides, relations avec l'inflammation." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT06VS.
Full textApolipoprotein E is present in VLDL and HDL and plays a crucial role in hepatic clearance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. It has also been found in some Lp(a) subspecies, VLDL-like, mostly described during fed state. Neither the role of apo E in lipoprotein metabolism during moderate hypertriglyceridemia, nor its role in Lp(a) are known. Although some effects of apo E against inflammation have been described in vitro, they have not been shown in vivo. Obese and diabetics currently present systemic inflammation and moderate hypertriglyceridemia. That is the reason why we have chosen to study in these subjects: (1) the role of apo E in triglyceride rich lipoprotein metabolism and (2) its relations in vivo with inflammation. . . . Thus, apo E could modulate deleterious effects of inflammation on atheroscierotic injuries
Steffanutto, Muriel. "Les peroxysome proliferator-activated receptors alpha : implication dans le métabolisme des lipoprotéines et l'inflammation vasculaire." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P026.
Full textGrenier, Geneviève. "Impact de la consommation d'acides gras trans naturels et industriels sur le métabolisme des lipoprotéines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20416.
Full textLes acides gras trans (AGT) proviennent de deux sources différentes dans l'alimentation : 1) des procédés industriels d'hydrogénation des huiles végétales insaturées et 2) de la biohydrogénation des acides gras insaturés par les bactéries naturellement présentes dans le rumen des ruminants. La consommation d'AGT d'origine industrielle (AGTi) augmente le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires. Toutefois, les effets de la consommation d'AGT d'origine naturelle (AGTn) demeurent inconnus. L'objectif de ce mémoire est de comparer les effets, gramme pour gramme, des AGTn et d'AGTi sur le métabolisme in vivo des HDL et des LDL. Les résultats suggèrent que la consommation d'une quantité élevée d'AGTn, en opposition aux AGTi, a un effet minimal sur la cinétique in vivo des HDL. Il ne semble pas y avoir de différence importante entre la consommation de quantités élevées d'AGTn et d'AGTi sur les taux de catabolisme et de production des différentes fractions de lipoprotéines contenant de l' apoB-l 00.
Cara, Louis. "Effets des produits céréaliers riches en fibres sur la digestion des lipides et le métabolisme des lipoprotéines plasmatiques chez le rat et chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30014.
Full textIdohou, Nicole. "Étude in vitro de l'effet des lipoprotéines de très basse densité sur les fonctions du polynucléaire humain : application à l'étude du mécanisme d'action d'un immunomodulateur, le Biostim®." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114852.
Full textArsenault, Benoit. "Facteurs de risque en émergence des maladies cardiovasculaires : de l'épidémiologie au métabolisme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20958.
Full textDepuis les cinquante dernières années, les maladies cardiovasculaires (MeV) représentent la principale cause de décès dans la plupart des pays industrialisés. Malgré le fait que la compréhension des mécanismes sousj acents à ces pathologies, tout comme la qualité du traitement offert aux individus à haut risque de Mev ne cessent de s'améliorer, la morbidité cardiovasculaire diminue très peu et tend même à augmenter dans certaines populations. Plusieurs ont démontré que l'augmentation de la prévalence de l'obésité (particulièrement de l'obésité abdominale) et de la sédentarité pourrait, en partie, expliquer cette observation lourde de conséquences pour les systèmes de santé à travers le globe. Il est maintenant bien reconnu qu'une accumulation de tissu adipeux intra-abdominal ou viscéral est associée à plusieurs complications ± cardiométaboliques¿ qui augmentent le risque de MeV. Parmi ces complications, on retrouve entre autres une perturbation du métabolisme des lipoprotéines et des lipides, un état pro-inflammatoire et une perturbation de l'homéostasie du glucose et de l'insuline. Il est maintenantreconnu que les individus avec obésité viscérale sont caractérisés par de petites particules LDL et HDL. Les travaux de ce présent projet de doctorat ont permis de démonter que les hommes et les femmes caractérisés par ce phénotype ont un risque élevé de Mev. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que la sédentarité et l'ob.ésité abdominale augmentent le risque de MeV dans une vaste étude de population européenne. Nous avons également soumis l'hypothèse qu'un profil inflammatoire détérioré pouvait représenter un lien entre ces phénotypes et le risque de Mev. En conclusion, le présent projet de doctorat a démontré qu'au-delà des facteurs de risque traditionnels de MeV, plusieurs facteurs/marqueurs de risque ± en émergence¿ pourraient être utiles afin de raffiner la prédiction du risque de Mev en prévention primaire. Les prochains outils cliniques permettant l'estimation du risque de Mev devront prendre en considération certaines complications associées à l' obésité abdominale.
Ouguerram, Khadija. "Étude du métabolisme du cholestérol des lipoprotéines plasmatiques chez le rat normal et génétiquement hypercholestérolémique (RICO)." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112134.
Full textIn the genetically hypercholesterolemic (RICO) rat, the high cholesterol results mainly from an increase in the cholesterol content of LDL and HDL. The input-output analysis method showed an increase in cholesterol inputs associated with a secondary stimulation of the output. By using two pools analysis we observed slower movements of plasma cholesterol to the tissues. A study of plasma lipoprotein cholesterol turnover has been undertaken. The use of analogs undegradable by cells (14C-Saccharose, 14C-Cholestéryl-linoléyl-éther) allowed to measure the LDL and HDL uptake rates. Our main results in the RICO versus normocholesterolemic are the following : a decrease in the fractional catabolic rate of chylomicrons cholesterol ester related to the lipoprotein modification. An increase in the plasma VLDL transformation to LDL. A slower LDL fractional catabolic rate which is due to a modified LDL composition and a diminished LDL uptake in all tissues. An elevated production of HDL esterified cholesterol without any change in their catabolism. The uptake of HDL esterified cholesterol was lower in the adrenals, liver and testis in the RICO than in the control rats suggesting a lowered phospholipasic activity in the hypercholesterolemic animal
Mesli, Samir. "Rôle du Lipolysis Stimulated Receptor (LSR) : expression chez la souris adulte et au cours de l'embryogénèse : conséquences de l'invalidation du gène LSR." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21308.
Full textThe lipolysis stimulated receptor (LSR) recognizes apolipoprotein B/E-containing lipoproteins in the presence of free fatty acids, and is thought to be involved in the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The distribution of LSR in mice was studied by Northern blots, quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. In the adult, LSR mRNA was detectable in all tissues except muscle and heart, and was abundant in liver, lung, intestine, kidney, ovaries and testes. During embryogenesis, LSR mRNA was detectable at 7. 5 days post-coitum (E7) and increased up to E17 in parallel to prothrombin, a liver marker. In adult liver, immunofluorescence experiments showed a staining at the periphery of hepatocytes as well as in fetal liver at E12 and E15. These results are in agreement with the assumption that LSR is a plasma membrane receptor involved in the clearance of lipoproteins by liver, and suggest a possible role in steroidogenic organs, lung, intestine and kidney. To explore the role of LSR in vivo, the LSR gene was inactivated in 129/Ola ES cells by removing a gene segment containing exons 2-5, and 129/Ola-C57BL/6 mice bearing the deletion were produced. Although heterozygotes appeared normal, LSR homozygotes were not viable, with the exception of three males, while the total progeny of genotyped wild-type and heterozygote pups was 376. Mortzality of the homozygote embryos was observed between days 12. 5 and 15. 5 of gestation, a time at which their liver was much smaller than that of their littermates, indicating that the expression of LSR is critical for liver and embryonic devellopment. To evaluate the effect of inactivation of one allele LSR in LDL receptor-deficient mice, we produce double knockout animals [LSR+/-] called LDLSR Total plasma cholesterol concentration were approximately 40 % less as compared with LDLR-/- mice These finding supported the hypothesis of upregulation of other receptors in LDLSR mice
Hajri, Tahar. "Effets de la nutrition parentérale sur la biodynamique du cholestérol et des lipoprotéines chez le rat." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112181.
Full textThe effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) on cholesterol and lipoprotein biodynamics have been studied in rats. After 5 days of intravenous infusion of a nutritive mixture, with or without lipids (Intralipid 20 %), rats exhibit a reduction of the intestinal mass and plasma levels of HDL, apo-AIV and apo-AI decrease, whereas those of apo-E and apo-B48 increased. PN does not change the overall uptake rate of 14c-labelled-HDL: intestine becomes less active, and the liver and spleen more active to internalize the HDL. The more spectacular effect induced by infused emulsion, is the plasma accumulation of an abnormal lipoprotein (lipoprotein-X) in the density zone of LDL (1,006-1,040). This particle results from the uptake of endogenous cholesterol by residual phospholipids of the emulsion after Iipolysis. The compared effects of 2 emulsions clearly indicate that, at the same infusion rate, Intralipid 20 % (triglycerides/ phospholids, TG/PL=100/6) generates less Iipoprotein-X than lntralipid 10 % (TG/ PL=100/12). Phytosterols, initially present in the soya oil of the emulsion, have been detected in all the lipoproteins and the intestinal content in rats infused with lipids. The activity of cholesterol synthesis, in vivo assessed by measurement of the 14c-acetate incorporation into hepatic and intestinal sterols, is markedly stimulated by PN. In rats intravenously infused with lipids, this effect directly results from the formation of lipoprotein-X. Finally, an increase of the bile acid pool, that reflects bile stasis, has been shown by an isotopic equilibrium method
Di, Filippo Mathilde. "Aspects génotypiques et phénotypiques des dyslipidémies primitives rares affectant le métabolisme des lipoprotéines riches en triglycérides." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10244/document.
Full textAbnormal metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (LRTG), chylomicrons and VLDL, can result in hypocholesterolemia in case of impaired secretion, or severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and increased risk of atheroma and acute pancreatitis if clearance is affected. We explored patients suffering from genetic defect in the LRTG secretion (chylomicron retention disease, abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia) and identified mutations on respectively SAR1B, and MTTP and APOB gene. Then, we analysed the phenotype of 158 previously published patients with deleterious mutation (i.e. reported cases added to our cohort) and were able to highlight some specific differences like hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and obesity. Furthermore we developed an assay to evaluate the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) functionality by measuring the triglyceride-VLDL lipolysis in vitro, and provide a reliable phenotypic exploration for patients with past history of severe hypertriglyceridemia. We found an increased LPL activity in some patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia but conversely showed deficits in other patients free from mutation on LPL gene. These results lead to hypothesize that additional factors might contribute to modulate the expression or the activity of LPL. Finally multiple genes of triglycerides metabolism interact together to additionally modulate phenotype. Of high interest is therefore the simultaneous exploration of the key genes involved in dyslipidemia, as provided by the new generation sequencing (NGS), for better understanding of all pathophysiological mechanisms
Dumontet, Charles. "Influence des lipoprotéines sur le métabolisme, le pouvoir immunomodulateur et le caractère immunogène des gangliosides tumoraux." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T112.
Full textGuerci, Bruno. "Influence de la sensibilité à l'insuline et de l'obésité sur le métabolisme post-prandial des lipoprotéines riches en triglycérides." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0278_GUERCI.pdf.
Full textDugardin, Camille. "Rôle du récepteur nucléaire Rev-erbα dans le contrôle du métabolisme lipidique dans l'entérocyte." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S045.
Full textThe intestine plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis. Enterocytes, which constitute the main cellular type of intestinal epithelium (> 90%), are polarized cells allowing exchanges between intestinal lumen (apical membrane) and lymph/blood compartment (basolateral membrane). In this thesis, cholesterol and lipid metabolism control by enterocytes was studied and particularly, trans intestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) and dietary lipid absorption.Recently, it has been estimated that intestine contributes 20-30% of fecal neutral sterol excretion in chow-fed mice. This pathway called TICE involves the direct luminal secretion of plasma-derived cholesterol by enterocytes. Moreover, TICE can be pharmacologically modulated, for instance by ezetimibe and statins and so, represents a new therapeutic target in order to prevent atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. However, at present, the molecular mechanisms behind the trans-enterocytic process of TICE are still unknown, especially the steps sustaining cholesterol entry, trafficking and efflux in enterocytes. In the first study of this thesis, we highlighted the human enterocytic Caco-2/TC7 cell line as a suitable model to study the enterocyte-related processes of TICE. We have first shown that upon basolateral incubation with human plasma and apical incubation with lipid micelles, differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells mimic some of the in vivo TICE features. Moreover, using this model, we have identified a key role of the microtubule network in the process.In the second study of this thesis, chylomicron secretion by enterocytes and its control by the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα were investigated. Indeed, although chylomicron remnant accumulation has been associated to a delayed clearance by the liver, some recent studies show that chylomicron overproduction by the intestine is a major contributor to dyslipidemia in insulin resistant patients. Dietary lipid absorption results from a balance between transient storage in enterocytes as cytosolic lipid droplets (LD) and secretion as triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα is a transcriptional repressor involved in the energy metabolism and the circadian rhythm. Particularly, Rev-erbα controls lipid metabolism in the liver and thus the catabolism of TRL. The aim of this second study was to investigate the role of Rev-erbα in intestinal lipid metabolism and particularly in TRL secretion. To study that, Caco-2/TC7 cells infected with lentivirus encoding or not a shRNA targeting Rev-erbα (sh Rev-erbα) were grown on transwells. Compared to sh control, sh Rev-erbα Caco-2/TC7 cells secrete higher amounts of micelle-derived LRT in the basolateral medium and exhibit lower quantity of neutral lipids stored as cytosolic LD, whereas the apical uptake is not different. Activation of lipophagy in sh Rev-erbα compared to sh control cells was evidenced by a higher autophagic flux and an increased colocalization of the autophagy marker LC3 with LD. Finally, autophagy inhibition with bafilomycin in sh Rev-erbα cells restores lipid secretion to the same level as in sh control cells. This second study show that Rev-erbα knock-down in enterocytes leads to a higher lipophagy-mediated remobilization of intracellular lipids and an increased TRL secretion. Our hypothesis is that Rev-erbα may be a molecular gear in the control of chylomicron secretion and a major regulator of post-prandial triglyceridemia.In conclusion, these two studies allow to better understand lipid metabolism control by the intestine: the first one by identifying the contribution of the microtubule network in enterocytes for trans-enterocytic retrograde cholesterol transport; the second one by highlighting the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα as a regulator of TRL secretion by enterocytes. These two studies point out the intestine as a potential therapeutic target to treat dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients
Malaval, Camille. "Régulation de la captation hépatique des HDL : la voie F1-ATPase/P2Y13 : de la caractérisation cellulaire au modèle animal." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/390/.
Full textHDL mediate the elimination of cholesterol thanks to their internalization by hepatocytes. We identified in hepatocytes a new pathway for HDL endocytosis as following: stimulation of an ectopic cell surface F1-ATPase by the HDL apolipoprotein A-I, induces the production of ADP which in turn activates the purinergic receptor P2Y13, triggering HDL endocytosis through unknown low affinity receptor(s). In one hand, we identified a major role of the small GTPase RhoA and its effector ROCK1 downstream P2Y13. This cell signalling stimulates the HDL endocytosis by remodelling actin cytoskeleton. In other hand, the study in mice showed the crucial role of P2Y13 in HDL catabolism and in the subsequent cholesterol biliary elimination. Taking together, these results demonstrate the importance of the receptor P2Y13 in cholesterol metabolism. Thus, P2Y13 appears as a new pharmacological target to control reverse cholesterol transport and prevent hypercholesterolemia
Hilaire, Nathalie. "Métabolisme cellulaire des lipides neutres cytoplasmiques et myopathie à surcharge lipidique multisystémique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30051.
Full textPont, Frédéric. "Études cinétiques in vivo du métabolisme des lipoprotéines chez l'homme par spectrométrie de masse isotopique et modélisation compartimentale : application à l'insulinorésistance." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOMU09.
Full textLeplaix-Charlat, Laurence. "Effets des acides gras et du cholestérol alimentaires sur le métabolisme des lipides et des lipoprotéines aux niveaux plasmatique et hépatique chez le veau préruminant : conséquences sur la composition lipidique des tissus." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30085.
Full textBlanchard, Valentin. "Approches biochimique, épidémiologique et clinique du métabolisme intégré de la Lipoprotéine (a)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0007.
Full textOne in five individuals in the population displays elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], a highly atherogenic lipoprotein resembling LDL. Pathophysiological, epidemiological and genetic studies demonstrate that circulating Lp(a) levels above 125 nmol/L are associated with a sharp increase in cardiovascular events rate.The major structural difference between Lp(a) and LDL is that Lp(a) contains a signature protein, apo(a), extremely polymorphic in size as it contains 1 to more than 40 Kringle IV2 (KIV2) domains. The size of apo(a) is inversely correlated with the circulating levels of Lp(a). Besides apo(a), apoE and PCSK9 are the only other plasma proteins known to modulate Lp(a) levels. The aims of my PhD project were to assess how the size of apo(a), the polymorphism of apoE and the pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 govern Lp(a) plasma concentrations. First, we have developed a robust methodological approach to quantitatively assay apolipoproteins, assess their polymorphisms and evaluate their metabolic fluxes by mass spectrometry. In addition, we have set up a resolutive separation technique allowing the investigation of distinct apo(a) isoforms on agarose gels. We then showed using mass spectrometry that apoE specifically present on VLDL impacts on Lp(a) production, synthesis and/or assembly. In addition, we clearly established that familial hypercholesterolemic patients specifically carrying the apoE2 isoform display reduced Lp(a) plasma levels and are thereby less prone to recurrent cardiovascular events compared with apoE3 or E4 carriers. Finally, we demonstrate that the response to PCSK9 inhibitor treatments of patients at high cardiovascular risk in terms of Lp(a) lowering is proportional to the size of apo(a). We also observed that apheresis procedures performed on a patient with extreme Lp(a) plasma levels reduce his risk of undergoing recurrent myocardial infarction. Taken together, my PhD results allowed us to decipher the physiological modalities by which apo(a) size and apoE polymorphism modulate the circulating levels of this extremely atherogenic lipoprotein species. The therapies currently available (PCSK9 inhibitors, plasmapheresis) remain however clearly insufficient to treat patients with elevated Lp(a)
Esclapez, Marie-Claire. "La glycation des lipoproteines : conséquences physiopathologiques." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P062.
Full textGuimont, Marie-Christine. "La lipoprotéine Lp(a) : son intérêt dans l'interprétation du bilan lipidique." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P077.
Full textChetiveaux, Maud. "Nouvelle approche de l'étude cinétique du métabolisme des HDL par marquage endogène de l'Apo A-I par des isotopes stables chez l'homme." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT17VS.
Full textHDL-cholesterol is inversely correlated to the cardiovascular risk. HDL display anti-atherogenic properties in part by promoting cholesterol reverse transport from peripheral tissues to the liver. Kinetic investigations, because of their dynamic properties, are a powerful tool for studying lipoproteins metabolism. Most of kinetic studies have been investigated by using total HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation, technique known to alter HDL subclasses. The aim of this study was to assess the isolation of HDL by FPLC. This technique of gel filtration respects the integrity of lipoproteins and allows the distinction of enrichments of Apo A-I in preβ1 and αHDL from total HDL previously used. A new multi-compartmental model was created, including two distinct compartments of preβ1 and αHDL, which allow the measurement of conversion rate between these lipoproteins. To validate this model, this methodology has been applied to study kinetic disorders of Apo A-I - HDL subclasses metabolism in physiopathology state (type II diabetes) and in physiology state (post prandial study). In type II diabetes, αHDL as well as plasma Apo A-I concentration were decreased because of the increase of protein catabolism. The relative contribution of Apo A-I in preβ1 HDL was significantly increased and was related to an increase of the recycling rate of αHDL to preβ1 HDL. In a second time, the preβ1 and αHDL metabolism has been studied in post prandial state to determine the relative contribution of the intestine in the Apo A-I synthesis. Apo A-I synthesised by the intestine represented 10-20% of the total Apo A-I and was incorporated in HDL after an exchange with triglycerides rich lipoproteins. A direct contribution of the intestine
Schneider, Martina. "Rôle de la protéine de transfert des phospholipides (PLTP) dans le métabolisme de la vitamine E in vivo." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOMU09.
Full textCroyal, Mikaël. "Apports des évolutions de la spectrométrie de masse pour l’étude statique et dynamique du métabolisme des lipides et des lipoprotéines." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1004.
Full textLipids bind to apolipoproteins to form lipoproteins, having in charge their transport into the circulation. Numerous metabolic disturbances of lipids expose to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The last advances in mass spectrometry have recently helped to develop usefull tools for early diagnosis of these disorders. Nevertheless, the accurate characterization of predictive markers requires to decipher the physiological mechanisms involved in threir metabolism. Metabolic flux analyses with stable isotope labeled tracers can give such information. However, these studies remain complex, time-consuming and require the use of several technical processes. Therefore, we aimed to develop original mass spectrometry-based approaches to improve this kind of analyses. We have used enzymatic proteolysis and targeted analysis of specific peptides for the study of a large range of apolipoproteins. We were able to get simultaneaoulsy several physiological information such as their concentrations, kinetics and putative polymorphisms. Additional reliable tools, including both targeted and non-targeted lipid analyses as well as their enrichment measurements, have also been developed to improve our level of knowledge. The limitations of these methods were explored before to be applied to specific case studies, such as dyslipidemias (diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity) or efficacy of lipid-lowering treatments
Bonneau, Christine. "Effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité sur la migration et le métabolisme oxydatif du polynucléaire neutrophile humain "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114836.
Full textGesquière, Laurence. "Influence des radicaux libres sur le métabolisme des lipoprotéines en relation avec l'homéostasie du cholestérol de cellules en culture." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOMU01.
Full textOMS, PHILIPPE. "Etude du métabolisme des lipoprotéines chez le hamster dore (mesocricetus auratus). Influence du régime alimentaire et de différents hypolipémiants." Paris, EPHE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPHE3010.
Full textTran, Dinh Alexy. "Rôle du SR-B1 dans les effets neuroprotecteurs des HDL à la phase aiguë de l'ischémie cérébrale." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC310.
Full textStroke is a major concern of public health. Etiological treatment is limited to me recanalization of the thrombosed artery (intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis by a recombinant of tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and mechanical clot extraction). New neuroprotective drugs are needed to attenuate the deleterious effects of ischemic cascade. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex molecules having multiple protective activities as reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues back to the liver and the struggle against oxidation, inflammation, apoptosis and thrombosis. These pleiotropic effects confer to HDLs a protective function for vascular endothelium via the interaction with an endothelial receptor, the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). We showed in a murine model of cerebral ischemia that the perfusion of HDL decreased the infarct volume and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. The neuroprotective effect of HDLs was dependent of their interaction with endothelial SR-B1. The vasculoprotective effect of HDLs on the BBB and the rnle of SR-B1 were confirmed in vitro using a monocellular model of human BBB
Harnafi, Hicham. "Etude de l'effet des composés bioactifs du basilic sur le métabolisme lipidique et la péroxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S016.
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