Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metabolismo ácido das crassuláceas'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Metabolismo ácido das crassuláceas.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Mioto, Paulo Tamaso. "Sinalização da indução do metabolismo ácido das crassuláceas (CAM) por ácido abscísico e óxido nítrico em Guzmania monostachia (Bromeliaceae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-11072012-094636/.
Full textGuzmania monostachia is a C3-CAM facultative epiphyte tank bromeliad and a very promising model to study the C3 to CAM transition. Results obtained on the Laboratory of Plant Physiology on IBUSP showed that this transition occurs differently along the leaf blade o this species, as it is much stronger on the apical portion of the leaf, when compared to the basal one. Another research, from the same group, strongly suggests that on the induction of CAM in young pineapple plants is mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO). Based on both of these results, this work intends to characterize the role of NO and ABA in CAM signaling, using as a model of study a species which is generally accepted to be a facultative CAM on natural conditions. Besides that, G. Monostachia shows different degrees of CAM along the leaf blade, which makes an interesting model of it for signaling studies. It was also attempted to use detached leaves as a valid model of study for this species. Since no remarkable differences were detected between an experiment performed with whole plants or detached leaves alone, it was chosen to carry over the work using only detached leaves. The induction of CAM was performed by drought, using a 30% polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solution. The nocturnal acid accumulation and the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes were measured in three portions of the leaf (basal, middle and apical). The water amount was indicative of the water loss on foliar tissues. NO participation was assessed through chemioluminescence, spectrofluorimetry and in situ localization by fluorescence microscopy. A NO donor was also used. ABA was quantified by gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaves changed the photosynthetic metabolism from C3 to CAM on the sixth day after the beginning of PEG exposure (as stated by the nocturnal acid accumulation and PEPC activity), but the decrease in water amount values started soon, after 12 hours of exposure, and stabilizing after 24 hours. The major loss of water percentage was detected on the basal portion, persisting until the seventh day, while on the apical portion, after two days the control and PEG-treated leaves remained similar. Since the C3-CAM change occurred in the apical portion, it is possible to suggest a signal transport from the base to the apex of the leaf in response to water loss. Indeed, the ABA levels remained higher with the water loss along the whole leaf, but with greater intensity on the apical portion. Higher NO levels were also detected on PEG-treated leaves, but only on the apical portion. The in situ localization of NO corroborates the spectrofluorimetry, showing an increase on the sixth day after PEG exposure on the leaf apex. In conclusion, both NO and ABA seem to participate on the signaling of CAM. Possibly, ABA plays a decisive role on indicating drought, because it increases on the whole leaf subjected to PEG, while NO is, maybe, a secondary signal, specific to processes that occur only on the apical portion, such as the CAM induction.
Mioto, Paulo Tamaso. "Sinalização do óxido nítrico sobre a regulação do Metabolismo Ácido das Crassuláceas (CAM) em Guzmania monostachia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-02122016-095125/.
Full textGuzmania monstachia is an epiphytic tank-bromeliad capable of up-regulating CAM under water deficit. Moreover, the increase in CAM is stronger in the apical portion of the leaf, when compared to the base. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of CAM, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still largely unknown. NO is capable of interacting with proteins through a process known as nitrosylation. Here, we investigated whether NO could regulate CAM by protein nitrosylation. In order to do so, we performed three experiments. In the first one, detached leaves were maintained for 7 days in water or in a solution containing 30% of poliethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). During this period, the water percentage, water potential, contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, nocturnal malate and citrate accumulation, and NO emission were monitored daily in the basal and apical portions of the leaf. At the seventh day of the water shortage, quantification of total nitrosothiols and in-gel visualization of nitrosylated proteins were also performed in the apical portion. The second experiment consisted in incubating proteic extracts of G. monostachia with reducedglutathione (GSH) or S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to assess the impact of nitrosylation in enzymatic activity. The enzymes selected to this step were PEPC, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), ascorbate peroxydase (APX), catalase (CAT) and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH). The third experiment consisted in the application of the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxifenil)-4,4,5,5-tetrametilimidazolina-1-oxil-3-óxido (cPTIO) or gaseous NO to leaves maintained in water or in PEG 30%, respectively. The results show that there was an increase of both CAM and NO in the leaf apex at the sixth day of water deficit. The level of nitrosylated proteins, however, decreased in this portion, indicating that the emission of NO may be the result of a de-nitrosylation process. In fact, the activity of three (PEPC, APX and NADP-ICDH) out of five enzymes analyzed decreased with nitrosylation. Therefore, NO does not regulate directly the activity of CAM enzymes. Nevertheless, exogenous NO increased all of the assayed CAM parameters after 5 days, indicating transcriptional control of CAM-related genes
Pikart, Filipe Christian 1988. "Heterogeneidade fotossintética em folhas de Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez (Bromeliaceae)." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315312.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pikart_FilipeChristian_M.pdf: 1633217 bytes, checksum: 40896cc3191e7fb0cbac5cb3699d7b31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: As espécies epífitas estão submetidas a períodos de escassez hídrica devido ao regime intermitente de chuvas e à falta de acesso à água do solo. Entretanto, algumas espécies apresentam estratégias para a manutenção do seu conteúdo hídrico, tais como a expressão do Metabolismo Ácido das Crassuláceas (CAM). Guzmania monostachia é uma bromélia epífita que apresenta regulação positiva do CAM quando submetida a um período de deficiência hídrica. Em trabalho anterior, após sete dias de restrição hídrica, a espécie apresentou um CAM do tipo idling, caracterizado pelo fechamento estomático durante os períodos claro e escuro associado ao acúmulo noturno de ácidos orgânicos. Também foi observado um gradiente funcional ao longo das folhas, onde o ápice apresentou maior número de estômatos, de pigmentos relacionados à fotossíntese e da atividade das enzimas PEPC e MDH, sugerindo maior atividade fotossintética e capacidade para expressão do CAM nessa porção comparativamente às regiões mediana e a basal. Recentemente vem sendo utilizado um modelo de folhas destacadas mantidas em polietileno glicol (PEG) para a indução do déficit hídrico nos estudos com essa bromélia. A partir disso surgiu a necessidade de se obter informações sobre o efeito da aplicação do PEG em plantas inteiras. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho visou avaliar o metabolismo fotossintético e caracterizar o perfil espacial de carboidratos não estruturais, levando em consideração a divisão funcional existente na folha dessa espécie, ao longo de um período de restrição hídrica imposta pela aplicação de uma solução de PEG 30%. Foram realizadas medidas de assimilação líquida de carbono, transpiração, condutância estomática, coeficiente de extinção não fotossintético e eficiência potencial/operacional do PSII. Amostras foram coletas para a quantificação do teor relativo de água, clorofilas, carotenoides, malato e carboidratos não estruturais. Com a indução do déficit hídrico ocorreu uma redução do conteúdo hídrico e consequentemente houve a regulação positiva do CAM em todas as porções, com destaque para a região mediana no quarto dia de tratamento. Foi possível observar tanto redução quanto acréscimo na expressão do CAM por meio da variação no acúmulo noturno de malato ao longo dos dias. Na situação controle, o padrão diurno de assimilação líquida de CO2 foi semelhante à de uma espécie C3. Porém, associado a esse padrão, ocorreu uma variação noite/dia no conteúdo de malato, caracterizando-a como um CAM cycling. Ao final do período de déficit hídrico, a assimilação de CO2 atmosférico foi restrita a dois breves momentos no dia, não alcançando completamente o CAM idling. Nesse ponto, a reciclagem do CO2 pela formação do malato apresentou importância na redução da perda de carbono. Por meio de um fluorômetro de imagem foi possível, pela primeira vez para essa espécie, observar regiões de maior eficiência do PSII que podem estar relacionadas à disponibilidade de CO2 proveniente da descarboxilação do malato. Quanto à avaliação dos carboidratos não estruturais, o amido apresentou comportamento inverso ao do malato, possivelmente sendo o carboidrato utilizado na formação de fosfoenolpiruvato. Foi observada uma maior quantidade de amido no conjunto ápice/mediana sugerindo uma fonte enquanto que, um maior conteúdo de açúcares solúveis na base sugere um dreno de utilização
Abstract: Epiphytic species are subjected to periods of water shortage resulting from seasonal rainfall and the lack access to ground water. However, some species are capable of inducing Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in order to maintain the water content. Guzmania monostachia is an epiphytic bromeliad capable of CAM up-regulating when exposed to water deficit. In a previous study, this species exhibited CAM idling when submitted to drought during seven days. This type of CAM is characterized by closure stomata during day/night and a nocturnal acidification. Additionally, leaf functional gradient was observed: the apex portion present higher stomata density, amount of photosynthetic pigment, and PEPC/MDH activities when compared to the middle and basal portions. Recently, a model with detached leaves maintained in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution to induce water deficit has been used in several studies in this bromeliad. Therefore, further information was needed to understand the effect of use PEG in whole plants. Based on those results, this study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic metabolism and the non-structural carbohydrate spatial distribution along the leaf in this species under drought condition induced by PEG 30%. Measurements of gas exchange, transpiration, stomatal conductance, non-photochemical quenching and potential/operational efficiency of PSII were performed and samples were collected to measure relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoids, malate and non-structural carbohydrate amounts. In the fourth day of water deficit, the reduction of relative water content resulted in up-regulation of CAM mainly in the middle portion. It was possible to observe up and down-regulation of CAM by variation in nocturnal accumulation of malate along the days. In the control, the pattern of net carbon assimilation was similar to C3 species. However, this pattern was accompanied by variation in dawn/dusk malate, characterizing it as a CAM cycling. At the end of the drought period, the atmospheric CO2 assimilation was restricted to two short periods of the day, without expression of CAM idling. Nevertheless, CO2 recycling for malate formation showed great relevance to decrease carbon loss. For the first time in this species, it was possible to show spots of high efficiency of PSII (using an imaging fluorometer) suggesting a CO2 availability from malate decarboxylation. Among the non-structural carbohydrates analyzed, only starch presented an inverse diel pattern in relation to malate, indicating that this carbohydrate was possibly used to generate phosphoenolpyruvate. The results suggested that apical and middle portions of the leaf would act as a source due to the high starch levels, while the basal portion would be an utilization sink because of elevated sugar amounts
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
Freschi, Luciano. "Sinalização hormonal e do óxido nítrico na indução do metabolismo ácido crassuláceo em Ananas comosus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-28012009-162750/.
Full textThe Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) expression in C3-CAM facultative plants can be strongly modulated by a diversity of environmental and endogenous signals. Since pineapple (Ananas comosus, variety Smooth Cayenne) plants can perform either C3 or CAM photosynthesis when grown in vitro, this work attempted to investigate the involvement of four hormonal classes (abscisic acid, cytokinins, auxins and ethylene), cytosolic calcium (Ca2+cit.) and nitric oxide (NO) on the regulation of CAM expression in this bromeliad. To achieve this, the levels of these signaling compounds were measured during the pineapple C3-to-CAM induction and the CAM-to-C3 reversion. Furthermore, the degree of CAM expression in plants treated with these compounds and their inhibitors of synthesis, transport or perception was also analyzed. The data obtained showed that the endogenous levels of ABA were positively correlated with the degree of CAM expression in pineapple, since the C3-to-CAM transition and the CAM-to-C3 reversion in this bromeliad were preceded by, respectively, increases and decreases in the ABA leaf content. Consistent with these results; exogenously applied ABA increased the CAM expression in plants maintained in the absence of water stress, thus, indicating a stimulatory effect of this hormone on the A. comosus CAM expression. However, the inhibition of ABA accumulation did not affect the CAM induction by water stress, suggesting that the pineapple C3-to-CAM transition can occur via both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways. On the opposite, the data indicated that cytokinins act as negative regulators of CAM expression in pineapple, since the adding of this hormone partially inhibited the CAM induction by water stress and, additionally, the endogenous levels of the four cytokinins analyzed were inversely proportional to the degree of CAM expression in this bromeliad. Auxins and ethylene, conversely, seem not to be involved in the regulation of the C3-to-CAM transition and the CAM-to-C3 reversion in pineapple. On the other hand, the data obtained indicated, by the first time, a positive signaling role for the NO on the expression of CAM photosynthesis. For instance, it was observed that the exogenously applied NO increased the CAM expression in pineapple plants and, in agreement; there was an elevation in the production of this free radical during the water stress-induced C3-to-CAM transition. Additionally, the elevation of the NO synthesis in the pineapple leaf tissues occurred mainly in the chlorenchyma, which is the plant tissue responsible for most of the metabolic changes necessary to the CAM photosynthesis establishment. The results also suggested that the NO may act as a second messenger of the ABA signal in the pineapple CAM induction, since the production of this free radical in ABA-treated plants increased considerably and, in parallel, treatments with a NO scavenger partially blocked the ABA-induced C3-to-CAM transition. Finally, treatments with calcium chelator or ionophore indicated that the increase in the cytosolic concentration of this ion plays a crucial role in the regulation of the CAM induction by water stress in A. comosus.According to the results, changes in the concentration of Ca2+ cytosolic seem to represent a convergence point between the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling cascade leading to CAM induction in pineapple. Taken together, the data obtained in the present work indicated that ABA, NO and cytosolic Ca2+ interact during the signaling events leading to the pineapple C3-CAM transition, while the cytokinins seem to repress the expression of CAM photosynthesis.
Nascimento, Davi Roncoletta. "Respostas de CAM às variações ambientais na bromélia Dyckia tuberosa (Vellozo) Beer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-21012013-143339/.
Full textPlants with crassulacean acid metabolism are able to support conditions of low availability of water through a carbon dioxide concentration system which increases the efficiency of use of water through an overnight CO2 fixture under low deficit of vapor pressure between the leaf and the atmosphere. This process favors the occupation of arid regions and places where water can quickly become unavailable. The occurrence of this type photosynthetic covers a wide range of taxa, including the Bromeliaceae family. Among the species of Bromeliaceae presenting CAM is Dickya tuberose, a species that has a great abundance on rocky outcrops associated with natural monument of Pedra Grande - Atibaia - SP. At this site, D. tuberose has a role in vegetation associated with surface rock exposed as an essential component of communities called \"vegetation islands\". The conditions prevailing in the rocky outcrop of Pedra Grande are of great scarcity of land and water, and extreme exposure. The variations in water availability in rocky outcrop would be due, among other reasons, the size of the islands where vegetation D. tuberose occurs and the characteristics of inclination and orientation of the slope of the rocky surface where the island is installed. From the observations in the natural environment, wonders whether the patterns of assimilation in D. tuberose related to CAM presents variations associated characteristics of vegetation islands where it occurs. To investigate this relationship, plants of D. tuberose were studied in field and semi-controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The technique used to characterize patterns of CAM was the titration acidity of the mesophyll. In both experimental groups undergoing different periods of suspension of irrigation as in samples obtained directly from the field, there are patterns of variation in acidity that may be associated with variations in water supply. The changes were characterized by the difference in acidity between the early morning and late afternoon. The reduction in amplitude of the variation coincided with the intensity of the restriction in water supply. However, the variation was associated with reduced acidity value at the end of the day, which would be associated with a reduction in the recapture of CO2 during the illumination period. The major influence detected on plants in the field was the relative humidity. It is conjectured a part of the assimilation of water through the leaves of D. tuberose as an essential attribute of the occupation of substrate in Pedra Grande - Atibaia
Pereira, Paula Natália. "Divisão espacial da atividade das enzimas PEPC e da NR e sua regulação por citocininas em folhas de Guzmania monostachia induzidas ao CAM." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-19122012-215637/.
Full textPrior studies undertaken in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology on IBUSP with Guzmania monostachia have shown that during water shortage, CAM induction occurs with greater expression in the apical portion of the leaf. In the case of another species (Vriesea gigantean), more intense nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme activity was observed in the basal portion during the daytime. In a certain terrestrial bromeliad (Ananas comosus), signaling by cytokinins, both in the induction of gene expression as well as NR activation, was observed. According to other laboratories, the cytokinins seem to play a negative regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in CAM induced Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants. As a result of accumulated knowledge, new questions have arisen, such as: Are there daily variations in PEPC and NR enzymes activity in the different portions of CAM induced leaves of G. monostachia? Would the more pronounced nocturnal availability of carbon skeletons (accumulation of acidity) positively influence NR activity, with consequential displacement of its peak of activity to this period? Would variations in endogenous cytokinins concentration accompany possible changes in PEPC and NR activity, thereby indicating the participation of this hormonal class in their regulation? The main aim in the present study was to investigate the possible regulation of PEPC and NR activity by cytokinins in detached CAM-induced leaves of the epiphyte tank bromeliad Guzmania monostachia (Bromeliaceae). The expectations with this research were to study more deeply the inter-relationship between photosynthetic behavior, the capacity for nitrogen assimilation and the possible regulation of PEPC and NR activity by endogenous cytokinins. Analyses of titratable acidity, organic acids, endogenous starch and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme activity confirmed CAM induction in isolated leaves of G. monostachia kept in polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a concentration of 30%. The use of this compound was efficient in reducing relative water content and imposing leaf water deficiency. Furthermore, compared to the basal portion, greater CAM expression could be observed in the apical portion of leaves kept in PEG 30%. Analyses of PEPC and NR activity allowed detecting their mutual spatial separation, seeing that, in the first greater activity was concentrated in the leaf apex, while in the second this was more pronounced in the basal portion. Even so, no temporal separation could be observed, since peak of activity for both occurred at night. The peak of nocturnal NR activity (1 hour) was observed in control leaves or those undergoing water deficiency, thereby implying that factors, other than CAM metabolism, exerted an influence on the occurrence of more intense activity of this enzyme at this time. Furthermore, there were indications that cytokinins possibly act as a negative regulator of PEPC activity during the daytime, when the highest endogenous levels of this hormone were observed, whereas it was apparent that the most intense activity of this enzyme actually occurred at night, when Z+iP rates decreased significantly. Z or iP application also induced a decrease in the activity of this enzyme. On the other hand, the cytokinins acted as a positive regulator of NR activity, since the nocturnal peak of activity of this enzyme was preceded by 3 or 6 hours by higher endogenous levels of cytokinins in the basal portion of leaves maintained in water or PEG 30%, respectively. The application of free cytokinins induced a significant increase in NR activity in the base of detached leaves kept in water or PEG 30%
Bispo, Simone Mesquita. "Variação na composição isotópica do carbono e nitrogênio da matéria orgânica e biomassa da coroa foliar de Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) griseb bromeliaceae em caatinga, agreste e mata atlântica de Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4447.
Full textEstudos isotópicos para determinar os valores dos isótopos do carbono foliar mostram que estes variam -10 a -28 do padrão PDB. Este estudo analisou a composição isotópica do Carbono e Nitrogênio foliar e a matéria orgânica acumulada na coroa foliar de Aechmea aquilega de três habitats: Caatinga (Poço Verde), Mata Atlântica (Pirambu) e em um área de transição Mata Atlântica Caatinga (Areia Branca). Em cada habitat foi coletado quatro bromélias que vivem em moitas e quatro plantas isoladas em substratos do chão com o objetivo de avaliar a hipótese de facilitação da bromélia-tanque como acumuladora de matéria orgânica. As folhas e a matéria orgânica da coroa foliar foram secas em estufa ventilada, trituradas, peneiradas e as análises isotópicas do carbono, nitrogênio, teor de carbono e nitrogênio total foram realizadas no CENA-USP. Os resultados das analises de teor C:N e razões isotópicas mostraram variações significativas do carbono e nitrogênio na coroa foliar, assim como na abundância total tanto na biomassa foliar como na matéria orgânica particulada. As plantas da Caatinga e Mata Atlântica assimilam carbono facultativamente, enquanto as bromélias do ecótono, Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana responderam como CAM obrigatórias tanto quando em moitas como isoladas, assim como estas bromélias tem composição de origem autóctone provavelmente de áreas abertas-graminosa. A razão isotópica do N15 é 22 vezes mais enriquecido na biomassa foliar das bromélias da Caatinga em relação às plantas das Areias Branca e 2,6 maiores que em habitat de Mata Atlântica, enquanto a matéria orgânica particulada em todos habitats foi enriquecida, porém a origem desta matéria orgânica necessita de explicações, todavia, o estudo apoiou a hipótese de facilitação no papel funcional da bromélia nos três habitats. De acordo com o estudo, foi observado que o sucesso adaptativo maior das plantas da Caatinga quando associada a moitas o mesmo não foi verificado nos outros habitats. Nas Areias Brancas, o substrato arenoso-quartizoso é quente, altamente permeável, favorecendo a evaporação e déficit hídrico no verão o que sugere que haja uma condição de grande estresse, a qual essas bromélias-tanque estão bem adaptadas no solo e não nas árvores.
Calzado, Natália Fermino. "O ácido hexanoico pode modular o metabolismo antioxidante e o metabolismo nitrosativo em cafeeiro /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183186.
Full textResumo: As plantas em seu ambiente respondem a uma infinidade complexa de fatores que podem romper sua homeostase fisiológica. Com relação aos estresses abióticos, a capacidade de organismos vegetais responderem a esses estresses é flexível e depende do balanceamento da interação entre moléculas de sinalização. Destacam-se entre as moleculas sinalizadora em plantas as espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e espécies reativas de nitrogênio (ERNs), que estão envolvidos na aclimatação a estresses abióticos. O transporte, a biossíntese e o metabolismo de EROs e ERNs influenciam os mecanismos de resposta das plantas ao ambiente. Um elemento chave na geração de EROs em plantas são a NADPH oxidases, que são enzimas codificadas por uma família gênica em plantas, pouco estudada do ponto de vista evolutivo. Já um elemento regulador importante da homeostase de ERNs em plantas são as S-nitrosoglutationa redutases, enzimas também pouco estudadas do ponto de vista evolutivo. Nos últimos anos, diversos trabalhos sugerem que as plantas podem ser elicitadas por compostos químicos para melhor tolerar estresses abióticos. No entanto, os mecanismos de reprogramação fisiológica e transcricional por trás destes sinalizadores ainda são pouco conhecidos. O ácido hexanoico é um ácido carboxílico que, em baixas concentrações, possui um efeito indutor de resistência e modulador do metabolismo em diversos sistemas vegetais. No entanto, o impacto do ácido hexanoico na geração de EROs e de ERNs nunca foi avaliado.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Plants in their environment respond to a complex infinity of factors that can interfere their physiological homeostasis. Regarding abiotic stresses, the ability of plants to respond to these stresses is flexible and depends on balancing the interaction among signaling molecules. Among the signaling molecules in plants, we highlight reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are involved in acclimatization to abiotic stresses. The transport, biosynthesis and metabolism of ROS and ERNs influence plant response mechanisms to the environment. A key element in the generation of EROs in plants are NADPH oxidases, which are enzymes encoded by a gene family in plants, that is scarcely studied in an evolutionary approach. An important regulator of the homeostasis of plant ERNs is S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, which is also a poorly addressed enzyme in terms of evolutionary studies. Recently, several studies have suggested that plants can be elicited by chemical compounds, to better tolerate abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of physiological and transcriptional reprogramming behind these signaling molecules are still poorly understood. Hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, which, at low concentrations, can induce resistance to stresses and it can also modulate metabolism on numerous plant systems. However, the impact of hexanoic acid on the generation of ROS and ERNs has never been evaluated. In this project, we tested the hypothesis if hexanoic ac... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Fernandes, Eduardo Felipe Alves. "Estudo do metabolismo in vitro do diterpeno ácido caurenoico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-21062013-154933/.
Full textIn spite of the widespread and historical use of products of the Brazilian biodiversity for medical purposes, little is known about the fate of these products after their absorption into the organism; which are the products of metabolism, their toxicity and elimination kinetics. In this master thesis the in vitro metabolism of the diterpene kaurenoic acid was studied. This terpene is widely spread in the plant kingdom. Its presence can especially be highlighted in two of the most consumed phytotherapeutics by the brazilian population: the copaíba oil (Copaifera ssp.) and the guaco syrup (Mikania glomerata and Mikania leavigata. Among the principal metabolic reactions in humans, the oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) have a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The objective of this thesis was the study of in vitro biomimetic models of the reactions carried out by CYP450 using metalloporphyrins and salen catalysts as analogs of the CYP450. Seven catalysts were applied in a homogeneous medium: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin iron and manganese III chloride (FeTFPP) and (MnTFPP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin iron and manganese III chloride (FeTDCPP) and (MnTDCPP), (R,R)-(-)N,N-bis(3,5-di-tertbutylsalicylidene)- 1,2-diaminocyclohexyl manganese III (R-Salen) chloride, (S,S)-(-)N,Nbis( 3,5-di-terc- butylsalicylidene)-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl manganese III (S-Salen) chloride and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(phenyl)porphyrin iron III chloride (FeTPP). As oxygen donors iodosylbenzene (PhIO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and metachlorperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) have been tested. In the majority of the systems the formation of three predominant oxidation products was observed: An epoxidated, a mono- and a dihydroxylated derivative, of which the chemical structure was proposed based on the analysis of the mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. It was observed that the nature of the oxidant influences more markedly the reactivity as well as the formation of the products. The catalysts FeTFPP and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis- (4-N-methyl pyridine)porphyrin iron III chloride (FeTMPyP) immobilized with inorganic supports were assessed as well. Using these immobilized catalysts, a higher proportion of oxidation products of the kaurenoic acid was observed. Finally, the oxidation of kaurenoic acid was assessed using rat microsomes. In this system only one product was produced that showed a similar mass spectrum and retention time as the dihydroxylated derivative obtained in the reactions using metalloporphyrins.This thesis showed evidences of the route of metabolization of an important natural product, and additionally reinforces the capacity of metalloporphyrins in attaining biomimetic catalysis.
Loureiro, Bruna Agy. "Fibra, metabolismo ácido-básico e balanço de macroelementos em gatos /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138190.
Full textBanca: Cristiana Fonseca Ferreira Pontieri
Banca: Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio Gomes
Banca: Telma Teresinha Berchielli
Banca: Thaila Cristina Putarov
Resumo: As fibras dietéticas são um grupo de carboidratos de interesse da nutrição de gatos. Estas são utilizadas em formulações específicas para gatos para reduzir a densidade energética de alimentos, previner e/ou auxilar o tratamento de doenças gastrintestinais e metabólicas e também para promover saúde intestinal devido ao estímulo de microorganismos produtores de ácidos graxos voláteis. Contudo, pouca informação existe a respeito das consequências metabólicas do consumo de fibras por gatos, seu efeito na excreção de água e eletrólitos, produção de urina ou mesmo o efeito da absorção de ácidos orgânicos derivados da fermentação microbiana intestinal. Este estudo verificou a influencia da fibra dietetica no balanço hidro-eletrolitico e de macroelementos, produção de oxalato e equilibrio ácido-basico de gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos adultos e três dietas: BP0, um dieta controle sem adição de fibra; PB8, com adição de 8% de polpa de beterrada e PB16, com adição de 16% de polpa de beterraba. Após 15 dias de adaptação, o consumo de alimento e água foram monitorados e as fezes e urina foram coletadas durante 8 dias. Neste período foram determinados o balanço hídrico dos animais, densidade, pH e volume de urina e coletadas amostras para determinação da concentração urinária de cálcio, fósforo, cloreto, sódio, potássio, magnésio, enxofre, ácido úrico, citrato e oxalato, para calculo da supersaturação relativa para oxalato de cálcio (SSR OxCa). Também foram determinados tempo de retenç... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Dietary fibers are a group of carbohydrate of interest to the nutrition of cats. These are used in specific formulations for cats to reduce food energy density, avoid or assist the treatment of gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases and also to promote intestinal health due to stimulus of microorganisms to produce volatile fatty acids. However, there is little information about the metabolic consequences of fiber intake for cats, their effect on water and electrolytes excretion, urine production, or even the effect of absorption of organic acids derived from intestinal microbial fermentation. The present study verified the influence of dietary fiber in water and macroelements balance, oxalate production and acid-base balance of cats. It were used 18 adult cats and three diets: BP0, a control diet without adding fiber; BP8 with 8% beet pulp added and BP16, with 16% beet pulp added. After 15 days of adaptation, food and water consumption were monitored, and feces and urine were collected 8 consecutive days. During this period were determined water balance of the animals, urine density, pH and volume and samples were collected to determine the urinary concentration of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, uric acid, citrate and oxalate, for calculation of relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate (RSS CaOx). Also were determined food retention time in the digestive tract, fecal fermentation end-products, hairball excretion and acid-base status ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Porto, Laura Cristina Jardim. "Influência do ácido orótico no metabolismo energético cardíaco de ratos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MCSC-7C6S45.
Full textA performance cardiaca funcional esta intimamente relacionada ao metabolismo energetico. Estudos mostram que os desarranjos comumente associados a isquemia e reperfusao, como desequilibrio ionico e comprometimento das proteinas contrateis, sao consequentes as mudancas metabolicas instaladas, sendo chave nessa questao a diminuicao do pool de ATP. Varias pesquisas experimentais e clinicas tem revelado que agentes terapeuticos que otimizam o metabolismo energetico cardiaco constituem importante enfoque para o tratamento das disfuncoes cardiacas. Considerando que o acido orotico (AO) apresenta efeitos cardiovasculares beneficos, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a influencia desse composto nas vias metabolicas envolvidas no suprimento de energia para o coracao. Ratos Wistar machos foram alimentados por nove dias com dieta controle (grupo C) ou com dieta C suplementada com AO a 1% (grupo AO). O tratamento com AO aumentou a utilizacao cardiaca de acidos graxos (AG), evidenciada pelos aumentos da captacao e incorporacao dos mesmos pelo tecido cardiaco e corroborado pelos aumentos da atividade da enzima LPL, da expressao dos genes para PPAR¿, carnitina palmitoil transferase-1 e acil CoA oxidase, tanto em condicoes basais quanto apos oclusao parcial da coronaria. No que se refere ao metabolismo cardiaco da glicose, a administracao AO aumentou a captacao da mesma, o conteudo de glicogenio, a concentracao dos intermediarios glicoliticos glicose 6-P e frutose 6-P e a producao de lactato, em ambas as condicoes experimentais, basal e apos oclusao parcial da coronaria. Isso se refletiu em aumento do conteudo energetico cardiaco ainda na pre-isquemia. Foi evidenciado, nos animais AO, um estimulo da via glicolitica e da oxidacao de AG, particularmente importante para manutencao do pool residual de ATP durante a fase isquemica. A analise dos indices de contratilidade cardiaca revelou um efeito inotropico positivo do AO, fato que se deve, pelo menos em parte, ao maior rendimento energetico alcancado. Isso nos permite sugerir que as modificacoes metabolicas induzidas pelo acido orotico repercutem em alteracoes apreciaveis na funcao contratil do miocardio.
Lima, Jônatas Cunha Barbosa. "Análise da interação entre moléculas desenhadas a partir do ácido anacárdico e a proteína PPAR usando ferramentas in silico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21039.
Full textSubmitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-06-21T13:49:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JonatasCunhaBarbosaLima.pdf: 12778637 bytes, checksum: c258c171be4d50b2c97969f5f51f1ee1 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marília Freitas(marilia@bce.unb.br) on 2016-07-28T11:07:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JonatasCunhaBarbosaLima.pdf: 12778637 bytes, checksum: c258c171be4d50b2c97969f5f51f1ee1 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T11:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JonatasCunhaBarbosaLima.pdf: 12778637 bytes, checksum: c258c171be4d50b2c97969f5f51f1ee1 (MD5)
Os receptores nucleares ativados por proliferadores de peroxissoma (PPAR) se mostram de grande importância nos mais diversos tecidos, dentre eles o tecido adiposo e o muscular de forma especial por estarem relacionados ao metabolismo glicose e lipídeos. Sendo assim, sua alteração pode estar relacionada a vários tipos de doenças como: diabetes, aterosclerose, hipertensão, dislipidemia e câncer, entre outras. Os PPAR tem sua conformação alterada após a interação com o ligante, podendo este ser diversas gorduras da dieta ou diversos metabólitos de lipídeos, permitindo assim a modulação de sua atividade pela ligação de diferentes cofatores. Devido a sua grande importância em várias partes do metabolismo, os PPAR têm sido alvo de várias moléculas contra as mais variadas doenças. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho usou análises in silico para estudar a interação entre a proteína PPARγ e possíveis ligantes derivados do ácido anacárdico. Para este objetivo, utilizou-se o programa Autodock Vina para realização das análises de docking e o Gromacs para a dinâmica molecular. Observou-se nas duas estratégias distintas de docking utilizadas (rígido e flexível) que todos os ligantes mostraram capacidade de interagir na região próxima à hélice 12 (RH12) e próxima à hélice 3 e às fitas β (RH3). Os ligantes LDT11, 13, 208, 380 e 383 apresentaram mais ligações de hidrogênio, o que pode estar relacionado a maior estabilidade do ligante: hélice 12, possivelmente gerando um maior recrutamento de coativadores. Uma terceira posição (RH3'), interagindo de modo polar com resíduos como Glu259 e Arg280, muito presente no docking rígido, quase não esteve presente no flexível que foi feito com alguns aminoácidos flexíveis, apresentando valores de afinidade menores. Nos experimentos de dinâmica molecular o LDT11 realizou interações durante longos períodos com a Ser289, His449 e Tyr473 na região da hélice 12, levando a menores valores de RMSD do que a estrutura apo, principalmente com dois ligantes no sítio de interação, o que pode indicar a cooperatividade como importante na estabilização dessa região da proteína. Na hélice 3 e fitas β, os contatos foram com a Arg288, Glu291, Ser342 e Glu343, possivelmente relacionado à estabilização e consequente inibição da fosforilação da Ser273. A região de interação com o ligante (LBD) da PPARγ foi expressa em grande porcentagem solúvel nas cepas de E. coli BL21 (DE3) e BL21 (DE3) pLysE a 25ºC e na BL21 (DE3) pLysS a 28ºC. A purificação da proteína foi executada por cromatografia de afinidade a metal imobilizado, sendo eluída a 250 mM de imidazol. _______________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are active and important in many tissues, such as the adipose and muscle tissue, due to their involvement in glucose and lipid metabolism. For that reason, alterations in their gene expression can lead to diseases like diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cancer, among others. PPAR suffers conformational changes when binding to ligands derived from fat or lipid metabolites, which modulate PPAR's ability to bind to different co-factors. Because of their important role in metabolism, PPARs have been targeted with a variety of molecules to treat different diseases. Thereby, the objective of this study is to test the interaction of designed ligands derived from anacardic acid with PPARγ. To fulfill this task, docking was performed with the Autodock Vina program and molecular dynamics with the Gromacs program. In both types of docking (rigid and flexible) all ligands showed interaction capacity in regions close to helix 12 (RH12) and helix 3 and β sheets (RH3). The ligands LDT11, 13, 208, 380 and 383 had more hydrogen bonds; this fact can be related to the greater ligand:helix 12 stabilization, possibly inducing better co-activator recruiting. In another docking pose (RH3’), the ligand interacts via polar contacts with residues like Glu259 and Arg280. This pose is consistently observed in protein rigid docking results, while in flexible docking this pose was not frequent, moreover this pose showed smaller affinity values. In molecular dynamics experiments LDT11 had interactions during long periods with Ser289, His449 and Tyr473 in the region of helix 12, leading to smaller RMSD values than the apo structure, especially in experiments with two simultaneous ligands, possibly indicating the importance of agonist cooperation. In helix 3, the contacts with Arg288, Glu291, Ser342 and Glu343 indicate a local stabilization capacity that might be related to the inhibition of Ser273 phosphorylation. The ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ was expressed in soluble form in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and BL21 (DE3) pLysE at 25ºC and BL21 (DE3) pLysS at 28ºC. The protein was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, eluting with 250 mM of imidazole.
Melo, Daniela Rodrigues de 1982. "Alterações do metabolismo oxidativo mitocondrial e neurodegeneração por metilmalonato." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311830.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_DanielaRodriguesde_D.pdf: 21069496 bytes, checksum: f3406a56ba7ffca25021b4803fc73a92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A acidemia metilmalônica é uma desordem metabólica hereditária envolvendo uma deficiência na atividade da enzima metilmalonil-CoA mutase, com resultante acúmulo de ácido metilmalônico (MMA) no organismo dos pacientes. Há evidências de comprometimento do metabolismo energético mitocondrial por MMA levando à neurodegeneração. Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito in vitro de MMA no consumo de oxigênio por mitocôndrias isoladas de cérebro de rato na presença de diferentes substratos para a cadeia respiratória. MMA (1-10 mM) inibiu fortemente a respiração mantida por glutamato ou succinato. Nós confirmamos, por meio de experimentos sobre o transporte mitocondrial de succinato, que o efeito inibitório do MMA na respiração mantida por succinato deve-se à inibição do transportador mitocondrial de dicarboxilatos, impedindo a captação de succinato pela mitocôndria. Medidas do transporte mitocondrial de glutamato revelaram que o efeito do MMA na respiração mitocondrial mantida por glutamato não está relacionado à inibição da captação deste substrato pela mitocôndria. Enquanto o MMA mostrou um fraco efeito inibitório sobre a atividade das enzimas glutamato desidrogenase e aspartato transaminase, a atividade da 'alfa'-cetoglutarato desidrogenase foi significativamente inibida por MMA (Ki = 3,65 mM). Medidas do transporte mitocondrial de 'alfa'-cetoglutarato mostraram que o MMA extramitocondrial pode ser trocado pelo 'alfa'-cetoglutarato intramitocondrial, depletando este substrato da matriz mitocondrial, com consequente inibição da respiração mantida por glutamato. Nós observamos que organelas isoladas de cérebro podem acumular aproximadamente o triplo da concentração de MMA presente no meio extramitocondrial. Em adição, a inibição pelo MMA do consumo de oxigênio por fragmentos de cérebro de rato foi parcialmente prevenida pela presença de malato. Os efeitos in vivo do MMA foram estudados por meio das medidas de respiração e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio em mitocôndrias isoladas de cérebro de ratos jovens cronicamente tratados (ip, 15 d) com MMA. Nenhuma diferença foi observada entre as amostras controle e tratadas com MMA, indicando que o tratamento in vivo com MMA não leva à disfunção mitocondrial permanente. Ainda, estudos sobre o efeito do MMA na viabilidade e metabolismo de células neuronais e gliais foram realizados. Na linhagem neuronal tumoral PC12, o MMA diminuiu a viabilidade celular após 24h de tratamento. Os parâmetros de potencial de membrana mitocondrial e respiração foram avaliados após 7h de tratamento com MMA. MMA inibiu a respiração nas células intactas, porém, não alterou a respiração nas células permeabilizadas, nas quais não há restrição de substratos. A viabilidade de células de glioblastoma humano, U-87MG, não foi afetada pelo tratamento com MMA. Já em astrócitos de cérebro de rato em cultura primária exposta ao MMA, a viabilidade e área celular foram reduzidas significativamente e alterações morfológicas também foram notadas. Tais observações nas células gliais primárias sugerem que as células tumorais sejam mais resistentes aos efeitos deletérios do MMA. Em conjunto, estes resultados indicam que o efeito inibitório de MMA no metabolismo oxidativo mitocondrial pode ser atribuído à inibição concomitante de enzimas específicas e transportadores, limitando a disponibilidade de substratos para as vias metabólicas mitocondriais
Abstract: Methylmalonic acidemia is an inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or its cofactor 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin that results in an accumulation of methylmalonate (MMA) in the body. There is evidence that MMA impairs mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, leading to neurodegeneration. In this study we evaluated the in vitro effect of MMA on oxygen consumption by isolated rat brain mitochondria in the presence of different respiratory chain substrates. MMA (1-10 mM) strongly inhibited glutamate-supported and succinatesupported respiration. We confirmed that the inhibitory effect of MMA on succinatesupported respiration is due to inhibition of the mitochondrial dicarboxylate transporter by MMA, blocking succinate uptake by mitochondria. Glutamate transport measurements revealed that the MMA effect on glutamate-supported respiration is not due to inhibition of mitochondrial uptake of this substrate. While MMA showed a weak inhibitory effect on glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase, _'alfa'-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was significantly inhibited by MMA (Ki = 3.65 mM). 'alfa'-ketoglutarate transport measurements showed that an exchange can take place between extramitochondrial MMA and intramitochondrial 'alfa'-ketoglutarate, depleting this substrate and consequently causing inhibition of glutamate-supported respiration. We observed that isolated brain organelles can accumulate nearly three times the concentration of extramitochondrial MMA. In addition, MMA inhibition of respiration by diced rat brain tissue was partially prevented by malate. MMA effects in vivo were studied by measuring respiration and reactive oxygen species generation in isolated brain mitochondria from young rats chronically injected (ip, 15 d) with MMA. No differences were observed between control and MMA-treated samples, indicating that in vivo MMA treatment does not lead to permanent mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, a study into the effect of MMA on the viability and metabolism of neuronal and glial cells was carried out. In the PC12 neuronal tumor cell line, MMA decreased cell viability after 24 hours of treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration were evaluated after 7 hours of MMA treatment. MMA inhibited respiration in intact cells but did not alter respiration in permeabilized cells, where there is no substrate deprivation. Cell viability of U-87MG human glioblastoma cells was not affected by MMA treatment. However, in cells from a primary culture of rat cerebral astrocytes, viability and cell area were significantly reduced and morphological alterations were also noted. The most evident effects of MMA were observed in primary cells, suggesting that tumor cells are more resistant to the deleterious effects of MMA. Taken together, these results indicate that the inhibitory effect of MMA on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism can be ascribed to the concurrent inhibition of specific enzymes and transporters, limiting the availability of substrates for mitochondrial metabolic pathways
Doutorado
Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento
Doutor em Ciências
Ferreira, Gustavo da Costa. "Estudos comportamentais e do metabolismo energético em ratos submetidos a modelos de acidúria glutárica tipo I." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17499.
Full textGlutaric acidemia type I (GA I) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. Biochemically, GA I is characterized by the accumulation of glutaric (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric (3HG) acids in tissue and body fluids of affected patients, which present macrocephaly at birth and a progressive demyelination of cerebral cortex. Striatal degeneration following metabolic crises is the main neurological finding in this disease, occurring between 3 and 36 months of life. After crises, dystonia and diskinesia progress quickly. Although several studies suggest neurotoxic effects for GA and 3HG inducing energy dysfunction, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, the pathophysiology of GA I is poorly unknown. However, practically nothing has been done to investigate whether GA, the most pronounced metabolite accumulating in GA I, could provoke deficit of performance in behavioral tasks. In this scenario, the aim of the present work was to establish chemically-induced animal model of GA I by subcutaneous injections of GA during a phase of rapid CNS development. We also aimed to investigate the effects of this model on rat performance in behavioral tasks and on energy metabolism in brain tissues (cerebral cortex and midbrain) and skeletal muscle of rats. It was observed that chronic GA administration did not change the animal body weight, the date of appearance of coat, eye opening or upper incisor eruption, nor the free-fall righting task, indicating that the physical and motor development was not altered. We also verified that GA-treated animals stayed for a significantly shorter time in the target quadrant, where the platform was formerly located, and spent significantly more time in the opposite quadrant as compared to controls (injected with saline). GA-treated rats also had a lower number of correct annulus crossings and presented a higher latency to cross over the platform position than saline-treated animals. These data suggest that early chronic postnatal GA administration caused a long-standing deficit in learning and memory processes of rats. On the other hand, we observed that rat behavior in the elevated plus maze and in the open field was not affected by GA administration. With regards to energy metabolism parameters, we observed that GA treatment significantly inhibited respiratory chain complexes I-III and II and increased complex IV enzyme activity in skeletal muscle, with no effects on these enzyme activities in brain tissues. We also observed that chronic GA treatment did not modify Krebs cycle activity, as assessed by CO2 production from acetate, but markedly inhibited creatine kinase (CK) activity specifically in skeletal muscle. These data indicate that GA administration provoked energy deficit in rat skeletal muscle but not in brain structures. It is possible that this difference in GA effects is related to different GA levels reached in these tissues during the treatment. We also aimed with this work to investigate the combined in vitro effect of quinolinic acid (QA), recently associated to GA I pathophysiology, with GA or 3HG and of GA with 3HG on various parameters of energy metabolism in brain of young rats. We found that when GA, 3HG or AQ were tested isolated, or when QA was co-incubated with GA or 3HG, no alterations were found in the examined parameters. On the other hand, the combination of GA with 3HG resulted in an inhibitition of CO2 production from glucose, pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activity and glucose uptake from cerebral cortex, as well as in a mild increase in the lactate production, although non-significantly. Finally, it was observed that CK activity, particularly the mitochondrial fraction, was significantly inhibited by the coincubation of GA with 3HG and that GSH or the combination of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes were able to fully prevent this inhibition. Concluding, we here demonstrated that chronic GA administration compromises the learning/memory processes and inhibits energy metabolism in young rats. We also showed a synergic in vitro effect between GA and 3HG, leading to alterations in various parameters of energy metabolism.
Ribeiro, César Augusto João. "Efeito da administração intraestriatal aguda de ácido quinolínico sobre metabolismo energético em ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8168.
Full textQuinolinic acid (QA), an endogenous metabolite produced in kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, is a weak agonist at the NMDA receptor, and selectively kills susceptible neurons via activation of the NMDA receptors The neurotoxic capacity of QA in vivo has implicated it in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and AIDS dementia complex. Most of QA toxic properties have been attributed to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, whereas very little is known about its effects on brain energy metabolism. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the ex vivo effect of intrastriatal administration of 150 nmol QA to 30-day-old rats on critical enzyme activities of energy metabolism, including the respiratory chain complexes I-IV, creatine kinase and citrate synthase, as well as on 14CO2 production from [1-14C]acetate at distinct periods after QA injection. We observed that QA injection significantly inhibited complexes II (50%), III (46%) and II-III (35%), as well as creatine kinase (27 %), but not complexes I and IV activities in striatum prepared 12 hours after QA treatment. In contrast, no alterations of these enzyme activities were observed 3 or 6 hours after QA treatment. 14CO2 production from [1-14C]acetate was also significantly inhibited (27 %) by QA only in rat striatum prepared 12 hours after injection. The respiratory chain complexes and creatine kinase activities were also measured in striatum homogenates exposed to 100 μM QA. No alterations of these activities were observed in the presence of QA. These in vitro observations allied to the ex vivo findings suggest that QA compromises energy metabolism in the rat striatum indirectly rather than due to a direct action of QA on the enzymes. New experiments were therefore designed to elucidate the involved mechanisms of QA-induced inhibition on the enzymatic activities of energy metabolism. Pretreatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and with creatine totally prevented the inhibitory effects elicited by QA. In addition, the free-radical scavengers α-tocopherol plus ascorbate and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME completely abolished the inhibitions provoked by QA on CK and complex III, indicating that these effects were probably due to generation of reactive species. On the other hand, pyruvate pretreatment totally blocked the inhibitory effects of QA injection on complex II activity and partially prevented QA-induced CK inhibition. Taken together, these observations strongly indicate that oxidative phosphorylation and cellular energy transfer are compromised by high concentrations of QA in the striatum of young rats and that the inhibitory effects caused by QA injection on critical steps of energy metabolism were probably mediated by NMDA stimulation.
Puig, Sanz Luis. "Modulación farmacológica y dietética del metabolismo del ácido araquidónico. Implicaciones en la psoriasis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4554.
Full textPuig, Sanz Lluís. "Modulación farmacológica y dietética del metabolismo del ácido araquidónico. Implicaciones en la psoriasis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4554.
Full textGonçalves, Daniela Caetano. "Efeitos do ácido linoléico conjugado sobre parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico alterados pela caquexia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-28092010-083359/.
Full textWe investigated the effects of CLA upon lipid metabolism in cachexia. Male Wistar rats were assigned to a control or cachetic rats, supplemented with CLA, sunflower oil or saline, for 14 days. Body weight, dietary intake, plasma glucose, cholesterol, insulin and leptin, and liver TAG, glycogen and protein, CPT I and II, MTP, L-FABP, PPAR-α, apoB gene expression, apoB protein content and the maximal activity of CPT I and II, were assessed. The fat content of EAT and RPAT, and adipose tissue IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and IL-10 content were assessed. CPT II activity was reduced in all groups when compared with C. mRNA expression of MTP, apoB and FABP were reduced in all TB groups, but TBCLA showed the greatest reduction of apoB and MTP mRNA and apoB protein content. TBCLA increased liver and plasma TAG, cholesterol and glucose content, when compared with TB groups. TAG in EAT decreased in TBCLA group when compared with C, with TBSF, and with CCLA. Decreased IL-1β in CCLA was found in relation to C, TBCLA enhanced IL-1β in relation to C, TB and TBSF. TBCLA, increased IL-6 when compared with TB and CCLA. TBCLA showed higher TNF-α in relation to TB and CCLA. We conclude that CLA fails promoting the re-establishment of lipid metabolism in cachexia.
Silva, João Luiz Esteves da. "Utilização de modelos microbianos para estudos de metabolismo in vitro do ácido copálico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-06092013-081647/.
Full textCopalic acid is a labdane type diterpene which was reported in the literature as a major constituent and biomarker of the oil resin from Copaifera species. This oil resin has been used in popular medicine and studies carried out with different species showed several biological activities. However, there is no information regarding the metabolism of the constituents after absorption in organism. Therefore, biotransformation studies were carried out using microorganisms that showed potential to mimic reactions that occur in human and also with microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. Copalic acid was obtained from Copaifera oil resin available in national market. Due to the chemical complexity, it was necessary to perform different chromatographic procedures in order to isolate copalic acid. Column chromatography, column chromatography under reduced pressure and column chromatography using silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate were performed. Starting from 352.0 g of oil resin, 1224.5 mg of copalic acid were isolated and the chemical structure was determined by analysis of the hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic ressonance. The isolated diterpene was submitted to antimicrobial activity evaluation against the microorganisms used in the biotransformation processes which enable to establish the maximum amount of copalic acid to be added into the cultures without causing inhibitory effects. The filamentous fungi Mucor rouxii and Aspergillus brasiliensis, as well as the bacteria Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus acidophillus and Escherichia coli from the gastrointestinal tract were screened to select the most promising microorganism for biotransformation studies. In addition, biotransformation processes were carried out using mixed cultures of Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus acidophillus and Streptococcus salivarius subesp.thermophilus. The biotransformation process performed by the filamentous fungis Mucor rouxii showed the great potential of this fungus to biotransform copalic acid. The extracts from the cultures of the fungus Mucor rouxii were submitted to high performance liquid chromatography with both charged aerosol and photodiode array detection and six biotransformation products were isolated by using high performance liquid chromatography in semi-preparative mode. Several biotransformation products were detected in the biotransformation process performed by Aspergillus brasiliensis, but with low yield. Regarding the biotransformation processes performed by bacteria, biotransformation products were not detected in the isolated and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. after 24 hours. Also, only the signals of copalic acid were detected in the cultures of Escherichia coli. Six biotransformation products were isolated from the culture of the fungus Mucor rouxii. The chemical structures of two products were elucidated. Hydroxyl groups were introduced at C-3 and C-13 in both compounds and another hydroxyl group was introduced at C-18 in only one compound. These structures were not reported before.
Bortoluzzi, Vanessa Trindade. "Efeitos da hiperfenilalaninemia materna em ratas Wistar sobre alguns parâmetros de metabolismo energético na prole e efeito protetor da associação de piruvato com creatina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97857.
Full textPhenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of metabolism. It is caused by deficiency in the activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites. Untreated maternal PKU or hyperphenylalaninemia may result in nonphenylketonuric offspring with low birth weight and neonatal sequelae, especially microcephaly and intellectual disability. The mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of brain injury in maternal PKU syndrome are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the possible preventive effect of the co-administration of creatine plus pyruvate on the effects elicited by phenylalanine administration to female Wistar rats during pregnancy and lactation on some enzymes involved in the phosphoryltransfer network in the brain cortex and hippocampus of the offspring at 21 days of age. Phenylalanine administration provoked diminution of body, brain cortex an hippocampus weight and decrease of adenylate kinase, mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinase activities. Coadministration of creatine plus pyruvate was effective in the prevention of those alterations provoked by phenylalanine, suggesting that altered energy metabolism may be important in the pathophysiology of maternal PKU. If these alterations also occur in maternal PKU, it is possible that pyruvate and creatine supplementation to the phenylalanine-restricted diet might be beneficial to the children born from phenylketonuric mothers.
Baraldi, Flavia Guariente. "Alterações no metabolismo corporal e mitocondrial promovidas pela suplementação da dieta com ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) e ácido oléico em camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17131/tde-09012015-172710/.
Full textObesity is one of the major public health problems. This condition can leads to the development of other complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. Diet and/or drug treatments have shown low efficiency (and major side effects) in reducing the incidence of overweight and obesity in worldwide. On the other hand, some specific fatty acids may play an important role regulating the expression of genes that modulate the metabolism. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 18:2) and oleic acid (18:1) have been known for their anti-obesity properties: CLA is well described inducer of atrophy in adipose tissue, while oleic acid is known by its anti-diabetic effects; other effects of these fatty acids on body metabolism are unknown or controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a murine diet supplemented with CLA and oleic acid, individually or together, in the modulation of body and mitochondrial metabolism. Biochemical, molecular, physiological, morphological and functional parameters were analyzed in mice. Our results show that CLA, and not oleic acid, is the fatty acid inductor of increase in body metabolism and liver mitochondrial energy expenditure; when supplemented together, the metabolic effects of CLA overlap the oleic effects, maintaining the high metabolism. Increased mitochondrial metabolism is associated with an increased expression/activity of uncoupling proteins, which appear to be controlled by mitochondrial oxygen reactive species. It was also demonstrated that, in white adipose tissue, oleic acid exerts no atrophic effects as compared to CLA, which are related to inhibition of PPAR1 expression. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the supplementation with oleic acid prevents adverse effects of dietary supplementation with CLA, such as liver hypertrophy and insulin resistance in mice. In conclusion, supplementing the murine diet with CLA increases body and mitochondrial metabolism and reduces the adiposity; in addition, supplementation with oleic acid does not potentialize the metabolic effects of CLA, but prevents its adverse effects. Together CLA and oleic in conjunction appears as a good dietary strategy against the excessive weight gain.
Mendes, Paula Renata Florêncio. "Efeito do ácido alfa-lipóico sobre parâmetros hematológicos e metabolismo do ferro em hipertensos." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2309.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T20:30:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Paula Renata Florêncio Mendes.pdf: 1876064 bytes, checksum: b655a2a07f272d2eb47ba836a00b9768 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Paula Renata Florêncio Mendes.pdf: 1876064 bytes, checksum: b655a2a07f272d2eb47ba836a00b9768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28
The etiology of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) has been linked to oxidative stress and excess or deficiency of iron, which can also cause disturbance in the antioxidant system. The α-lipoic acid (ALA) is used as a treatment to reduce oxidative damage in SAH, but there are no in vivo studies reporting the effect of its mechanism of action on iron metabolism. AIM: To study the effect of alpha-lipoic acid as antioxidant supplement used in the treatment of various noncommunicable chronic diseases and its new applications and evaluate the effect of ALA on blood cell count and iron kinetics in hypertensive patients with or without anemia, comparing the results between treatment group and control group. METHOD: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted from October/2012 to January/2013. Participants were 60 hypertensive patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus and distributed into treatment group (n = 32), receiving 600 mg / day of ALA for twelve weeks and control group (n = 28), receiving placebo for the same period. Blood cell count, serum iron, ferritin, Latent Iron-Binding Capacity (LIBC), Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), Transferrin Saturation Index (TSI) and transferrin were assessed before and after intervention. Intervention was prospectively evaluated by comparing results within and between groups using the paired Student t-test and ANOVA. The standardized coefficient of Cohen (d) was used to estimate the clinical effect adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The therapeutic action of ALA in the treatment of various diseases with oxidative potential has been proven through clinical trials, but there is still need for further studies to prove its effectiveness in relation to its various sites of action. The majority of patients were older than 60 years, and 75.0% were female. Only 3.3% of the sample showed changes in blood count compatible with Iron Deficiency Anemia. After intervention, the blood cell count in the treatment group showed a statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophils and reduction in the number of monocytes (p <0.05), but no significant changes were observed in the red series. A statistically significant reduction (p <0.05) in the serum iron levels and TSI when compared to the placebo group was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies have demonstrated the role of lipoic acid in reducing the oxidative stress, but still further in vivo clinical trials are needed to investigate its therapeutic potential in the prevention of damages from noncommunicable chronic diseases. It was observed that the oral administration of ALA showed statistically significant changes in leukocyte counts and iron metabolism and for this reason its use as antioxidant supplement should be monitored and / or reevaluated in order to avoid complications in iron metabolism and thus prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia.
A etiologia da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) tem sido associada ao estresse oxidativo e o excesso ou a deficiência de ferro também pode provocar distúrbio no sistema antioxidante. O Ácido α-Lipóico (AAL tem sido utilizado como recurso terapêutico para reduzir dano oxidativo na HAS, porém ainda não existem estudos in vivo que reportem quanto ao seu mecanismo de ação sobre o metabolismo do ferro. OBJETIVO: Estudar a ação do ácido alfa Lipóico como suplemento antioxidante utilizado no tratamento das diversas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e suas novas aplicações e avaliar o efeito do AAL sobre o hemograma e cinética do ferro em indivíduos hipertensos com ou sem anemia, comparando os resultados da intervenção entre grupo tratamento e grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Ensaio duplo-cego, randomizado e controlado com placebo, realizado no período de outubro/2012 a Janeiro/2013. Participaram do estudo 60 indivíduos hipertensos com ou sem Diabetes Mellitus e distribuídos em grupo tratamento (n=32), que recebeu 600 mg/dia de AAL por doze semanas e grupo controle (n= 28) que recebeu o placebo pelo mesmo período. Foram avaliados, antes e após a intervenção, os valores do hemograma, Ferro Sérico, Ferritina, Capacidade Latente de Ligação do ferro (CLLF), Capacidade Total de Ligação do Ferro (CTLF), Índice de Saturação da Transferrina (IST) e Transferrina. A intervenção foi avaliada prospectivamente, comparando os resultados intra e intergrupos, utilizando-se os testes t de Student pareado e ANOVA. Para estimar o efeito clínico utilizou-se o coeficiente padronizado de Cohen’s d, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A ação terapêutica do AAL no tratamento de várias doenças com potencial oxidativo tem sido comprovada através de ensaios clínicos, mas ainda existe a necessidade de novos estudos que fortaleçam a sua efetividade, face aos seus diversos sítios de ação. A maioria dos pacientes possuíam mais de 60 anos, sendo 75,0% do sexo feminino. Apenas 3,3% da amostra apresentavam alterações no hemograma, compatíveis com Anemia Ferropriva. Após a intervenção, o hemograma do grupo tratamento apresentou aumento estatisticamente significante do número de neutrófilos e redução do número de monócitos (p<0,05), mas sem alterações significativas da série vermelha. Observou-se uma redução estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) dos níveis de Ferro Sérico e IST quando comparada ao grupo placebo. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos estudos demonstrou o papel do ácido Lipóico na redução do estresse oxidativo, mas ainda se fazem necessários novos ensaios clínicos in vivo que investiguem o seu potencial terapêutico na prevenção dos danos decorrentes das DCNT. Observou-se que a administração oral do AAL demonstrou alterações estatisticamente significativas no leucograma e no metabolismo do ferro, e por este motivo o seu uso como suplemento antioxidante deve ser monitorado e/ou reavaliado, a fim de evitar complicações no metabolismo do ferro e consequentemente evitar o aparecimento de um quadro de anemia por deficiência de ferro.
Busanello, Estela Natacha Brandt. "Efeitos in vitro dos ácidos fitânico e pristânico sobre vários parâmetros do metabolismo energético em córtex cerebral de ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28670.
Full textPhytanic acid (Phyt) and pristanic acid (Prist) are branched-chain saturated fatty acids whose concentrations are elevated in various peroxisomal disorders. Patients affected by these disorders present heterogeneous clinical manifestations with predominant neurological involvement. The elevation of plasma, Phyt and Prist concentrations, that can reach up to 5000 μM and 300 μM, respectively, seems to be correlated with the severity of the symptoms, indicating that these fatty acids may be neurototoxic. Considering that the pathophysiology of the neurological symptoms of these diseases are not well established and the importance of the energy metabolism to the central nervous system, the present work proposed to investigate the in vitro effects of Phyt and Prist on various parameters of energy metabolism. Initially, we observed that Phyt did not reduce CO2 production from labeled glucose and acetate, suggesting that this acid did not alter glycolysis and citric acid cycle (CAC) activity. CAC enzyme activities were also not modified by Fit reinforcing the view that the CAC is not disturbed by Fit. On the other hand, Phyt diminished the activities of complexes I, I-III, II, II-III and IV of the respiratory chain, indicating that the electron flow through this chain is impaired by this fatty acid that could lead toa disturbance of ATP generation. We also verified that the activity of creatine kinase was not altered by this metabolite. Finally, we measured the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase in the presence of Phyt and observed that this fatty acid drastically reduced this activity, indicating that the maintenance of membrane potential and consequently neurotransmission is probably compromised by this metabolite. On the other hand, we investigated the effect of Prist on CO2 production from labeled acetate and observed that this metabolite decrease this parameter, indicating an impairment of CAC functioning. We also evaluated if this effect could be due to a decrease of coenzyme A due to a possible competition between Prist and acetate for this coenzyme. We observed that the inhibitory effects on this activity was not caused by depletion of coenzyme A. Next, we investigated the effect of Prist on the activities of the respiratory chain complexes and observed that this fatty acid reduced the activity of complexes I, II and II-III without interfering with complex IV, which clearly indicates that this fatty acid compromises the electron flow through the respiratory chain that could potentially reduce ATP generation. We also verified that the activity of creatine kinase was not altered by Prist. However, we observed a large decrease on the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase caused by Prist, which indicates that there can be a compromise on the maintenance of membrane potential necessary to a normal neurotransmission Our results suggest that the fatty acids Phyt and Prist accumulated in some peroxisomal diseases compromise energy metabolism and possibly the neurotransmission and that these mechanisms may be involved with the neurological damage presented by patients affected by these disorders.
Busanello, Estela Natacha Brandt. "Efeitos in vitro dos ácidos fitânico e pristânico sobre a homeostase energética em córtex cerebral e cerebelo de ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/66107.
Full textPhytanic acid (Phyt) and pristanic acid (Prist) are branched-chain saturated fatty acids whose concentrations are elevated in various peroxisomal disorders. Patients affected by these disorders present predominant neurological involvement. The elevation of plasma Phyt and Prist concentrations that can reach up to 5000 μM and 300 μM, respectively, indicate that these fatty acids may be neurotoxic. Considering that the pathophysiology of the neurological symptoms of these diseases are not well established, the present work proposed to investigate the in vitro effects of Phyt and Prist on various parameters of energy metabolism and Na+,K+-ATPase in cerebellum and brain of young rats. Initially, we observed that Phyt diminished the activities of complexes I, I-III, II and II-III but not IV of the respiratory chain, indicating that the respiratory chain function is impaired by this fatty acid. In addition, Phyt decreased state 3 of respiration, reflecting a metabolic inhibition. On the other hand, the activity of creatine kinase was not altered by this metabolite, whereas the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase was drastically reduced, indicating that the neurotransmission is probably compromised by this metabolite. Besides, Phyt markedly increased state 4 respiration and reduced the respiratory control ratio. Phyt also diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential, attenuated by NAC, and the matrix NAD(P)H levels, suggesting an uncoupler effect of oxidative phosphorylation. Regarding on Prist effects, this fatty acid decrease 14CO2 production from labeled acetate suggesting an impairment of CAC functioning. Prist also reduced the activities of the respiratory chain complexes and observed that this fatty acid reduced the activity of complexes I, II and II-III without interfering with complex IV, indicating that this fatty acid compromises ATP generation. In addition, Prist decreased state 3 of respiration and ADP/O ratio, indicating a metabolic inhibition provoked by this fatty acid. We also determined the activities of creatine kinase, that was not altered by Prist, and .Na+,K+-ATPase, that was significantly reduced, indicating that the maintenance of membrane potential necessary to a normal neurotransmission may be a compromise by Prist. In addition, Prist increased state 4 respiration and diminished the respiratory control ratio. Prist also diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential, which was not prevented by NAC, and the matrix NAD(P)H levels, suggesting an uncoupler effect of oxidative phosphorylation. Prist also provoked mitochondrial swelling and this effect was prevented by both cyclosporine and NAC, suggesting a PTP involvement on this effect probably through oxidative mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggest that the fatty acids Phyt and Prist accumulated in some peroxisomal diseases compromise energy metabolism, acting as uncouplers and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, as well as the neurotransmission. It is feasible that these mechanisms may be involved with the neurological damage presented by patients affected by these disorders.
Silva, Arleide Rosa da. "Biotransformação do ácido ricinoleico e do ricinoleato de metila na presença das leveduras." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84210.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T07:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 196062.pdf: 1368246 bytes, checksum: 13b6642c2e3a9864ea02a867fa27e9a0 (MD5)
Estudo da capacidade das leveduras Candida oleophila e Candida guilliermondii em biotransformar os substratos ácido ricinoleico e ricinoleato de metila à gamadecalactona. Análise do perfil do comportamento celular e cinético através da determinação da curva de crescimento celular e velocidade máxima específica das leveduras em quatro meios de cultura: YMA (meio fermento-malte-ágar), MBAR (meio de biotransformação com ácido ricinoleico), MSA (meio salino "A") e MSB (meio salino "B"). Monitoramento do pH dos meios utilizados para crescimento celular e biotransformação. Biotransformação nos meios com os substratos ácido ricinoleico e ricinoleato de metila (MBAR e MBRM) para detecção por cromatografia gasosa da presença de gamadecalactona (GDL) utilizando as leveduras Candida oleophila e Candida guilliermondii.
Ferreira, Gustavo da Costa. "Efeitos in vivo e in vitro do ácido glutárico sobre parâmetros bioquímicos do metabolismo energético em cérebro médio, músculo esquelético e músculo cardíaco de ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7265.
Full textXavier, Cicera Vanuza Viana. "Aplicação pré-colheita de ácido giberélico no metabolismo antioxidante em pedúnculos de clones de cajueiro-anão." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22809.
Full textSubmitted by Weslayne Nunes de Sales (weslaynesales@ufc.br) on 2017-05-19T16:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cvxavier.pdf: 1137407 bytes, checksum: 45244c9611b2cd959dffb0d4ebe152b7 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-05-19T20:10:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cvxavier.pdf: 1137407 bytes, checksum: 45244c9611b2cd959dffb0d4ebe152b7 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T20:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cvxavier.pdf: 1137407 bytes, checksum: 45244c9611b2cd959dffb0d4ebe152b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) stands out among the native fruit species in northeastern Brazil by both the enormous potential as table fruit, as in industrial processing. The Consumption in natura is growing considerably every season due to the high interest of the population in health promotion, linked to foods rich in antioxidant. Among the agricultural management practices, the use of plant growth regulators can be an alternative in promoting the improvement of the functional quality of cashew apples. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GA3 pre-harvest application in different doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 mg L-1), on the postharvest quality of two clones of dwarf cashew (CCP 76 and BRS 189) specifically on the metabolism of bioactive compounds and antioxidant enzymes. The cashew apples, coming from Campus Pacajus-CE Experimental belonging to Embrapa were treated with GA3 two days before harvest at mature stage. The evaluations showed that pre-harvest application of GA3 significantly influenced the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL ) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both clones, but it did not affect the activity of catalase (CAT), nor the content of phenolics and carotenoids, and total antioxidant activity. The GA3 reduced the activity of PAL enzyme in CCP 76 clone, but promoted an increase in the activity of this enzyme in BRS 189 clone. These cashew clones, total antioxidant activity was correlated to the content of carotenoids. The BRS 189 clone cashew introduced himself as best source of antioxidants due to higher content of trans-cinnamoyl and SOD activity.
O cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) destaca-se entre as espécies frutíferas nativas do Nordeste brasileiro tanto pelo enorme potencial como fruto de mesa, quanto no processamento industrial. O consumo in natura vem crescendo consideravelmente a cada safra devido ao elevado interesse da população na promoção da saúde, atrelada a alimentos ricos em antioxidantes. Dentre as práticas de manejo agrícola, o uso de reguladores de crescimento vegetal pode ser uma alternativa na promoção da melhoria da qualidade funcional dos pedúnculos de cajueiro. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação pré-colheita de GA3, em diferentes doses (0, 60, 120 e 180 mg L-1), sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de dois clones de cajueiro-anão (CCP 76 e BRS 189), especificamente, sobre o metabolismo de compostos bioativos e enzimas antioxidantes. Os pedúnculos, oriundos do Campus Experimental de Pacajus-CE pertencente a Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, foram tratados com GA3 dois dias antes do inicio da colheita no estádio maduro. As avaliações mostraram que a aplicação pré-colheita de GA3 influenciou de forma significativa a atividade da fenilalanina amônia liase (PAL) e da dismutase do superoxido (SOD) em ambos os clones, porém não afetou a atividade da catalase (CAT), tampouco o conteúdo de fenólicos e carotenoides, e a atividade antioxidante total. O GA3 reduziu a atividade da enzima PAL no clone CCP 76, contudo promoveu um acréscimo na atividade de tal enzima no clone BRS 189. Nos pedúnculos desses clones de cajueiro-anão, a atividade antioxidante total foi correlacionada ao conteúdo de carotenoides. Os pedúnculos do clone BRS 189 de cajueiro-anão apresentou-se como melhor fonte de antioxidantes devido ao maior conteúdo de trans-cinamoil e da atividade da SOD.
Lucon, Marcos. "Avaliação do metabolismo de glicosaminoglicanos em pacientes portadores de cistite intersticial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-06022013-164806/.
Full textIntroduction: interstitial cystitis is a chronic disease of the lower urinary tract whose symptoms are: increased urinary frequency, nocturia, perineal or pelvic pain that worses with bladder filling and improves with urination. The pathogenesis is not fully known, but there is evidence that proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans lining the bladder urothelium can participate in its genesis. The loss of these protective compounds facilitate the contact of ions and solutes in the urine with deeper portions of bladder wall triggering and perpetuating a local inflammatory process. We investigated GAG behavior in urine and tissue (biopsy of bladder urothelium) of patients with IC/PBS and genuine stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in an attempt to better understand its metabolism. Patients and Methods: gene expression and glycosaminoglycans profile in tissue, and glycosaminoglycans profile in urine of 11 patients with interstitial cystitis were compared to 11 patients with pure urinary stress incontinence. Statistical analysis were performed using t Student test and Anova, considering significant when p<0,05. Results: patients with interstitial cystitis excreted lower concentration of glycosaminoglycans in urine when compared to those with pure urinary stress incontinence (respectively 0.45 + 0.11 x 0.62 + 0.13 mg/mg creatinine, p< 0.05). However, there was no reduction of the content of glycosaminoglycans in the urothelium of both patients. The immunofluorescence study showed that patients with interstitial cystitis had a stronger staining of TGF-beta, decorin (a proteoglycan of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate), fibronectin and hyaluronic acid. We were able to indentify by real-time PCR lower gene expression of hyaluronic acid synthases and hyaluronidase in the urothelium of patients with interstitial cystitis. Conclusion: the results suggest that glycosaminoglycans may be related to the ongoing process of inflammation and remodeling of the dysfunctional urothelium that is present in the interstitial cystitis. The study of the gene expression may represent an alternative to understand the disease
Lopes, Andressa Bolsoni. "Efeitos do ácido palmitoleico na captação e metabolismo de glicose e triacilglicerol em adipócitos brancos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-19112014-103920/.
Full textWe investigated whether palmitoleic acid modulates glucose and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in white adipocytes. For this, 3T3-L1 cells treated with palmitoleic (16:1n7, 200 µM) or palmitic acid (16:0, 200 mM) for 24h and epididimal adipocytes from wild type or PPARa deficient mice treated with 16:1n7 or oleic acid (18:1n9, 300 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 10 days were evaluated. Thus, treatment with palmitoleic increases glucose uptake and the content of GLUT4 and pThr172AMPKa. The increase in GLUT4 was prevented by AMPK inhibition. Also, palmitoleic increases glucose conversion into lactate and CO2, and decreases de novo fatty acids synthesis. Furthermore, treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with palmitoleic increased lipolysis, mRNA levels of ATGL and HSL and protein content of ATGL and pSer660-HSL. Such increase in lipolysis can be prevented by PPARa inhibition. Treatment of wild type, but not PPARa deficient mice, with palmitoleic increased adipocytes lipolysis and ATGL and HSL mRNA levels. In conclusion, palmitoleic acid increases glucose uptake and utilization by adipocytes, associated with GLUT4 expression and AMPK activation. Furthermore, palmitoleic acid increases adipocyte lipolysis and lipases via PPARa.
Freitas, Aline Maria Parente de. "Estudo do efeito do ácido cinâmico e cinamato de metila no metabolismo glicolipídico em camundongos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8453.
Full textSubmitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2014-07-14T12:25:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_ampfreitas.pdf: 1002233 bytes, checksum: c08d6ed57f894209fcb5dd41890e85a3 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by denise santos(denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2014-07-14T12:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_ampfreitas.pdf: 1002233 bytes, checksum: c08d6ed57f894209fcb5dd41890e85a3 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-14T12:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_ampfreitas.pdf: 1002233 bytes, checksum: c08d6ed57f894209fcb5dd41890e85a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Dyslipidemia and diabetes are presented as important risk factors in cardiovascular disease. When is associated with oxidative stress may accelerate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Studies with natural products provide interesting data in the control of these diseases. In the present study two compounds cinnamon derivatives, cinnamic acid (CA) and methyl cinnamate (MC) and structurally similar biological and pharmacological activities already described above were used. The present study aims to evaluate the possible hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects as well as the antioxidant potential of cinnamic acid and methyl cinnamate in experimental protocols pharmacologically induced dyslipidemia and diabetes. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male mice by two acute protocols through a single intraperitoneal administration of 400mg/kg Triton WR -1339 and 400mg/kg Poloxamer -407 in all animals except the negative control. The groups were treated orally by gavage, where the positive control and the negative control received drinking water according to the weight of fenofibrate group received 200mg/kg, whereas the cinnamic acid, methyl cinnamate groups and received the same dose 20mg/kg. The blood of these animals was collected at 24 and 48 hours after induction and was plamáticos checked the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, AST and ALT. After collecting 48 hours we removed the liver tissue , in both protocols , to analyze lipid peroxidation , through the determination of non-protein sulfhydryl groups ( NP -SH ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and antioxidant enzyme : superoxide dismutase (SOD ), and catalase (CAT). To determine the hypoglycemic potential of cinnamic acid and methyl cinnamate was used protocol alloxan induced diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection at 200mg/kg. Both groups were treated for 7 days with drinking water according to the weight (positive control group), 50mg/Kg metformin (metformin group), cinnamic acid 20mg/kg (cinnamic acid group) and methyl cinnamate 20mg/kg (group cinamto methyl). It was observed that after induction with either Poloxamer as Triton, AC and BC were able to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides after 24 and 48 hours, without changing the liver enzymes AST and ALT. Added to this factor was observed that the substance under study showed some activity on oxidative stress in order to reduce the MDA and NP -SH in the protocol of the Triton and NP -SH in the poloxamer protocol. Having methyl cinnamate presented higher activity compared to cinnamic acid analysis 48 hours after the induction of both protocols. Observing the response of the CM and the AC induction protocol in alloxan diabetes, it was found that these compounds were able to similarly reduce the glucose levels. The results showed the therapeutic potential of CA and CM in the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes, however does require new studies in chronic protocols that can ensure the safety and efficacy of its use.
As dislipidemias e o diabetes apresentam-se como importantes fatores de risco nas doenças cardiovasculares. Quando se associa ao estresse oxidativo podem acelerar a progressão das lesões ateroscleróticas. Estudos com produtos naturais fornecem dados interessantes no controle dessas doenças. No presente estudo foram utilizados dois compostos derivados da canela, o ácido cinâmico (AC) e cinamato de metila (CM), semelhantes estruturalmente e com atividades biológicas e farmacológicas já descritas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os possíveis efeitos hipolipidêmico e hipoglicêmico, bem como o potencial antioxidante do ácido cinâmico e do cinamato de metila em protocolos experimentais de dislipidemias e diabetes induzidas farmacologicamente. A hiperlipidemia foi induzida em camundongos machos através de dois protocolos agudos, mediante uma única administração intraperitoneal de 400mg/Kg de Triton WR-1339 e 400mg/Kg de Poloxamer-407 em todos os animais, exceto no controle negativo. Os grupos foram tratados via oral por gavagem, onde o controle negativo e o controle positivo receberam água potável de acordo com o peso, o grupo fenofibrato recebeu a dose de 200mg/Kg, enquanto que os grupos ácido cinâmico e cinamato de metila receberam a mesma dose de 20mg/Kg. O sangue desses animais foi coletado em 24 e 48 horas após as induções e foram verificados os níveis plamáticos de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, glicose, AST e ALT. Após a coleta de 48 horas retirou-se o tecido hepático, em ambos os protocolos, para analisar a peroxidação lipídica, através da determinação dos grupos sulfidrílicos não-proteícos (NP-SH), malondialdeído (MDA) e das enzimas antioxidantes: superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT). Para determinar o potencial hipoglicemiante do ácido cinâmico e do cinamato de metila utilizou-se o protocolo de diabetes induzida por aloxano através de uma única injeção intraperitoneal na dose de 200mg/Kg. Os grupos foram tratados por sete dias com água potável de acordo com o peso (grupo controle positivo), metformina 50mg/Kg (grupo metformina), ácido cinâmico 20mg/Kg (grupo ácido cinâmico) e cinamato de metila 20mg/Kg (grupo cinamato de metila). Observou-se que, após a indução, tanto com o Triton quanto Poloxamer, o AC e o CM foram capazes de reduzir o colesterol e os triglicerídeos após 24 e 48 horas, sem, no entanto alterar as enzimas hepáticas AST e ALT. Somado a esse fator observou-se que as substâncias em estudo apresentaram certa atividade sobre o estresse oxidativo tendo em vista a redução do MDA e NP-SH no protocolo do Triton e da NP-SH no protocolo do poloxamer. Tendo o cinamato de metila apresentado uma maior atividade em comparação ao ácido cinâmico na análise de 48 horas após a indução em ambos os protocolos. Observando a resposta do AC e o CM em protocolo de indução de diabetes por aloxano, constatou-se que as referidas substâncias foram capazes de reduzir de forma semelhante, a glicemia dos animais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram o potencial terapêutico do AC e CM no tratamento das dislipidemias e do diabetes, no entanto faz necessários novos estudos em protocolos crônicos que possam garantir a segurança e eficácia de sua utilização.
Ritter, Luciana. "Efeitos da administração intraestriatal do ácido etilmalônico sobre o metabolismo energético em cérebro de ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94888.
Full textThe pathophysiological mechanism responsible for the clinical manifestations of the diseases in which high concentrations of ethylmalonic acid (EMA) have been observed as short acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency activity (SCADD) and ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) are unknown. Therefore, in the present work we investigated the in vivo effects of administration of EMA (2 and 24 hours), on important parameters of energy metabolism in rat cerebral striatum, including 14CO2 production from glucose, enzyme activities of the respiratory chain complexes I-IV (oxidative phosphorylation), creatine kinase (CK) (intracellular ATP transfer), and synaptic Na+K+-ATPase (NaK) (neurotransmission). We also tested the effect of EMA on reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, an important non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. EMA significantly reduced 14CO2 production from glucose 2 and 24 hours after its administration, implying that this compound compromises the citric acid cycle activity. Furthermore, EMA diminished the activities of complex II and II-III of the respiratory chain only 24 hours after administration and synaptic membrane NaK activity in both times. EMA also decreased the levels of GSH. Pretreatment of rats with N-acetylcysteine for 3 days prevented the reduction of GSH levels caused by EMA, without modifying the inhibition of NaK activity. Considering the importance of the citric acid cycle and the glycolytic pathway, the electron flow through the respiratory chain for brain energy transformation and the NaK for the maintenance of the cell membrane potential, the present data indicate that EMA potentially impairs mitochondrial brain energy homeostasis and neurotransmission. We presumed that these pathomecanisms are involved in the neurological damage found in patients affected by SCADD and EE.
Knebel, Lisiane Aurélio. "Investigação dos efeitos in vitro do ácido 2-metilbutírico e da 2-metilbutirilglicina sobre parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em cérebro de ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60987.
Full textShort/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency, also known as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, is an autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine metabolism. This disorder is biochemically characterized by high tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) and 2-methylbutyric acid (2MB), as well as 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine. Although patients present predominantly neurological symptoms, such as mental retardation, seizures and lethargy, and magnetic resonance imaging reveals cortical damage, the pathophysiology of this disorder has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of 2MB and 2MBG on important parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats. Cortical supernatants were incubated in the absence or in the presence of the metabolites at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 mM for 1 h at 37° C. Our results show that 2MBG, but not 2MB, increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), suggesting induction of lipid peroxidation. 2MBG also induced oxidation of sulfhydryl groups and reduced the concentrations of glutathione (GSH), reflecting a decrease of non enzymatic antioxidant defenses, whereas 2MB did not alter these parameters. In contrast, 2MB and 2MBG did not alter carbonyl formation. In addition, increased levels of TBA-RS and reduction of GSH levels induced by 2MBG were prevented by antioxidants, indicating that reactive species were involved in these effects. Furthermore, the reduction of GSH levels induced by 2MBG were not due to a direct oxidative action, since this metabolite did not alter the sulfhydryl content from a commercial solution of GSH in the absence of cerebral tissue. Finally, since nitric oxide production was not altered by these metabolites, it is presumed that reactive oxygen species possibly underlay 2MBG effects. The results suggest that 2MBG induces lipid oxidative damage and reduces non enzymatic antioxidant defenses in rat brain mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. We can therefore assume that oxidative stress induced by 2MBG is involved, at least in part, in the pathophysiology of neurological dysfunction found in patients affected by SBCAD deficiency.
Faria, Carolina Maria Quinello Gomes de [UNESP]. "Ácido protocatecúico e seus ésteres alquílicos: propriedades antioxidantes e seus efeitos no metabolismo oxidativo de leucócitos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114025.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo fosfato (NADPH) oxidases são complexos multienzimáticos associados à membrana celular cuja principal função é catalisar a redução de oxigênio molecular a ânion superóxido (O2 •-). Em leucócitos, este é o mecanismo primário pelo qual estas células produzem espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), as quais estão envolvidas tanto nos mecanismos de defesa imune inato, quanto em processos oxidativos deletérios característicos de muitas patologias de cunho crônico inflamatório. Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados obtidos e proposta de mecanismo de inibição do complexo NADPH oxidase por um conjunto de ésteres alquílicos sintéticos derivados do ácido protocatecúico, sendo este último um ácido fenólico presente em diversas plantas e com destacada capacidade antiradicalar. Nossa hipótese foi de que o aumento da hidrofobicidade provocado pela esterificação do ácido protocatecúico poderia facilitar o seu acesso à membrana celular e assim alterar seus efeitos biológicos. Esta hipótese se confirmou, pois muito mais do que melhorar a sua capacidade anti-radicalar (modelos in vitro), a esterificação provocou uma melhora significativa na capacidade de inibição do complexo NADPH oxidase em leucócitos (modelos ex vivo). Este efeito se propagou às EROs decorrentes de ânion superóxido e produzidas por leucócitos como peróxido de hidrogênio e ácido hipocloroso, sem entretanto alterar a sua capacidade fagocítica. Cabe frisar que não se trata de ação supressora sobre estas EROs, mas sim efetiva inibição de sua formação, o que foi demonstrado pelos diversos controles empregados. A esterificação do ácido protocatecúico também causou efetiva melhora na capacidade deste como inibidor das citocinas TNF-a e IL-10 produzidas por leucócitos mononucleares de sangue periférico. Considerando a baixa toxicidade e baixo custo de síntese desses ésteres, propomos que os mesmos ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are multienzymatic complexes associated to the cell membranes whose main function is to catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide (O2 •-). In leukocytes, this is the primary mechanism through which these cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in both the innate immune defense mechanisms and deleterious oxidative processes, which characterizes many chronic inflammatory diseases. In this thesis we present the results and proposed mechanism of inhibition of the NADPH oxidase complex by a group of synthetic alkyl esters derived from protocatechuic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants with detached antiradical capacity. Our hypothesis was that the increase in hydrophobicity caused by esterification of protocatechuic acid could facilitate their access to the cell membrane and thereby alter their biological effects. This hypothesis was confirmed, since not only its anti-radical activity was increased (in vitro models), but also caused a significant improvement in their ability to inhibit NADPH oxidase complex in leukocytes (ex vivo models). This effect has spread to ROS derived from superoxide anion and produced by leukocytes such as hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, without altering their phagocytic capacity. It must be emphasize that the observed cellular effects were not due to simple suppressive action on ROS, but effective inhibition of its formation, which was demonstrated by the various control experiments. The esterification of protocatechuic acid also caused improvement in their capacity as inhibitor of TNF-a and IL-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Considering the low toxicity and low cost of synthesis of these esters, we suggest that they could be used in in vivo models as promising anti-inflammatory ...
Faria, Carolina Maria Quinello Gomes de. "Ácido protocatecúico e seus ésteres alquílicos : propriedades antioxidantes e seus efeitos no metabolismo oxidativo de leucócitos /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114025.
Full textCoorientador: Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
Banca: Patricia Palmeira Daenekas Jorge
Banca: Alexander Batista Duharte
Banca: Maria Luiza Zeraik
Banca: Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros
Resumo: Nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo fosfato (NADPH) oxidases são complexos multienzimáticos associados à membrana celular cuja principal função é catalisar a redução de oxigênio molecular a ânion superóxido (O2 •-). Em leucócitos, este é o mecanismo primário pelo qual estas células produzem espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), as quais estão envolvidas tanto nos mecanismos de defesa imune inato, quanto em processos oxidativos deletérios característicos de muitas patologias de cunho crônico inflamatório. Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados obtidos e proposta de mecanismo de inibição do complexo NADPH oxidase por um conjunto de ésteres alquílicos sintéticos derivados do ácido protocatecúico, sendo este último um ácido fenólico presente em diversas plantas e com destacada capacidade antiradicalar. Nossa hipótese foi de que o aumento da hidrofobicidade provocado pela esterificação do ácido protocatecúico poderia facilitar o seu acesso à membrana celular e assim alterar seus efeitos biológicos. Esta hipótese se confirmou, pois muito mais do que melhorar a sua capacidade anti-radicalar (modelos in vitro), a esterificação provocou uma melhora significativa na capacidade de inibição do complexo NADPH oxidase em leucócitos (modelos ex vivo). Este efeito se propagou às EROs decorrentes de ânion superóxido e produzidas por leucócitos como peróxido de hidrogênio e ácido hipocloroso, sem entretanto alterar a sua capacidade fagocítica. Cabe frisar que não se trata de ação supressora sobre estas EROs, mas sim efetiva inibição de sua formação, o que foi demonstrado pelos diversos controles empregados. A esterificação do ácido protocatecúico também causou efetiva melhora na capacidade deste como inibidor das citocinas TNF-a e IL-10 produzidas por leucócitos mononucleares de sangue periférico. Considerando a baixa toxicidade e baixo custo de síntese desses ésteres, propomos que os mesmos ...
Abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are multienzymatic complexes associated to the cell membranes whose main function is to catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide (O2 •-). In leukocytes, this is the primary mechanism through which these cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in both the innate immune defense mechanisms and deleterious oxidative processes, which characterizes many chronic inflammatory diseases. In this thesis we present the results and proposed mechanism of inhibition of the NADPH oxidase complex by a group of synthetic alkyl esters derived from protocatechuic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants with detached antiradical capacity. Our hypothesis was that the increase in hydrophobicity caused by esterification of protocatechuic acid could facilitate their access to the cell membrane and thereby alter their biological effects. This hypothesis was confirmed, since not only its anti-radical activity was increased (in vitro models), but also caused a significant improvement in their ability to inhibit NADPH oxidase complex in leukocytes (ex vivo models). This effect has spread to ROS derived from superoxide anion and produced by leukocytes such as hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, without altering their phagocytic capacity. It must be emphasize that the observed cellular effects were not due to simple suppressive action on ROS, but effective inhibition of its formation, which was demonstrated by the various control experiments. The esterification of protocatechuic acid also caused improvement in their capacity as inhibitor of TNF-a and IL-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Considering the low toxicity and low cost of synthesis of these esters, we suggest that they could be used in in vivo models as promising anti-inflammatory ...
Doutor
Rocha, Luana Boeira. "Efeito do ácido fólico sobre o metabolismo energético no modelo animal de esquizofrenia induzido por cetamina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2015. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/3721.
Full textA esquizofrenia é um transtorno psiquiátrico crônico e incapacitante que afeta aproximadamente 1% da população mundial. Pesquisas com tratamentos preventivos se tornam necessárias, incluindo o uso de nutrientes, como o ácido fólico cujo metabolismo está implicado no desenvolvimento do transtorno. No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito do ácido fólico sobre os parâmetros de metabolismo energético em ratos submetidos ao modelo de esquizofrenia induzido pela administração de cetamina. Ratos Wistar adultos foram suplementados durante 14 dias com ácido fólico (5, 10 ou 50mg/kg) ou água via oral e a partir do 9º dia de experimento foi administrada cetamina (25mg/kg) ou salina via intraperitoneal durante 7 dias. No 15º dia do experimento, os animais foram mortos por decapitação e as estruturas cerebrais, córtex frontal, hipocampo e estriado, dissecadas para as análises bioquímicas. Foi avaliada a atividade dos complexos I, II, II-III e IV da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial e da enzima creatina quinase. Nossos achados, de modo geral, indicaram que a administração repetida de cetamina não foi capaz de alterar os parâmetros analisados. No complexo I, o ácido fólico (10mg/kg) associado à cetamina reduziu a atividade deste complexo em relação ao grupo controle no córtex frontal, hipocampo e estriado. Além disso, o ácido fólico (10mg/kg) per se diminuiu a atividade do complexo I no hipocampo e no estriado quando comparado ao grupo controle. O ácido fólico (50mg/kg) associado à cetamina aumentou a atividade do complexo I em relação ao grupo controle no estriado. No complexo II, o ácido fólico (5mg/kg) em associação com a cetamina elevou a atividade deste complexo apenas no córtex frontal. Ainda houve um aumento na atividade do complexo II-III no hipocampo pelo ácido fólico (5mg/kg) associado à cetamina em relação ao grupo controle. Observou-se no complexo IV, apenas no estriado, um efeito do ácido fólico (5mg/kg) per se aumentando a atividade deste complexo comparado ao grupo controle. A administração de ácido fólico (10mg/kg e 50mg/kg) per se aumentou significativamente a atividade da creatina quinase no córtex frontal. Sabe-se o importante papel que o ácido fólico desempenha na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia, porém o mecanismo exato pelo qual esta relação ocorre permanece desconhecido. Dessa forma, estudos adicionais baseados em modelos animais de esquizofrenia devem ser realizados, visando uma maior compreensão das propriedades terapêuticas e profiláticas do ácido fólico, bem como a dose mais adequada e o melhor tempo de tratamento neste transtorno.
Bufalino, Andreia 1983. "Analise da suplementação vitaminica e de polimorfismos em genes da via metabolica do acido folico em mães de individuos com fissuras labio-palatinas não-sindromicas." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288724.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bufalino_Andreia_M.pdf: 1848465 bytes, checksum: e05d7021dc64d36ed2556bd7fc4b97fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A fissura labial e/ou palatina (FL/P) não-sindrômica é uma malformação congênita do lábio e/ou palato com alta frequência na população brasileira. A etiologia das fissuras é complexa e conta com a participação de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Inúmeros estudos demonstraram que variantes polimórficas das enzimas relacionadas ao metabolismo do ácido fólico podem ser importantes fatores de risco materno para o nascimento de uma criança FL/P não-sindrômica. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a influência do consumo de suplementos vitamínicos durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez e comparar a frequência alélica e genotípica de 4 genes (MTHFR, MTHFD1, MTR e RFC1) que codificam enzimas da via metabólica do ácido fólico entre mães de indivíduos portadores de FL/P não-sindrômicas (grupo experimental) e mães de indivíduos clinicamente normais (grupo controle). Amostras de DNA de 184 mães do grupo controle e de 106 mães do grupo experimental foram genotipadas por reação em cadeia da polimerase associada à análise de polimorfismo de fragmentos de restrição enzimática (PCR-RFLP). A ausência de suplemento vitamínico durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez aumentou de forma discreta (aproximadamente em 0,4 vezes) o risco de uma mulher ter um filho com FL/P não-sindrômica. Dos 15 polimorfismos analisados neste estudo, 2 apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. No polimorfismo rs2274976 do gene MTHFR, o alelo A e o genótipo GA ocorreram em uma frequência significantemente maior no grupo experimental que no grupo controle (p<0,000001), aumentando em aproximadamente 6 vezes o risco de uma mãe ter um filho com FL/P não-sindrômica. O genótipo AA no lócus polimórfico rs2236225 do gene MTHFD1 foi significantemente mais prevalente no grupo experimental comparado com o grupo controle (p=0,02). A presença deste genótipo aumentou em aproximadamente 2 vezes o risco de uma mãe ter um filho com FL/P não-sindrômica. Análise multivariada demonstrou que estes fatores contribuíram de maneira independente para a etiologia das FL/P não-sindrômicas. O presente estudo demonstra que os polimorfismos rs2274976 do gene MTHFR e rs2236225 do gene MTHFD1 e a suplementação vitamínica durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez estão associados ao desenvolvimento de FL/P não-sindrômicas na população brasileira. Este estudo corrobora com evidências prévias que demonstraram a influência de fatores ambientais e genéticos na etiopatogenia das FL/P não-sindrômicas.
Abstract: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a congenital malformation of the lip and/or palate with elevating frequency in the Brazilian population. The etiology of the nonsyndromic CL/P is complex and both environmental and genetic factors play important roles. Several studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the folic acid metabolic enzymes may be important maternal risk factor for the birth of a child with nonsyndromic CL/P. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the multivitamin supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy and to compare the allele and genotypic frequencies of 4 genes (MTHFR, MTHFD1, MTR and RFC1) that encode enzymes of the acid folic metabolic pathway between mothers of nonsyndromic CL/P patients (experimental group) and mothers of clinically normal children (control group). DNA samples from 184 mothers of the control group and from 106 mothers of the experimental group were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction associated with reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The lack of multivitamin supplementation during the pregnancy first trimester increased in approximately 0.4-fold the maternal risk of a nonsyndromic CL/P child. Two out of 15 polymorphisms showed differences between groups. In rs2274976 MTHFR polymorphism, allele A and genotype GA occurred in a significantly higher frequency on experimental group when compared to control group (p<0.000001), rising in approximately 6 times the risk of a mother giving birth to a nonsyndromic CL/P child. Genotype AA in the rs2236225 MTHFD1 polymorphic locus was significantly more prevalent in experimental group than in control group (p=0.02). This genotype raised in approximately twice the risk of a mother giving birth to a nonsyndromic CL/P child. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that those factors contributed in an independent manner to nonsyndromic CL/P etiology. The present study shows that rs2274976 MTHFR and rs2236225 MTHFD1 polymorphisms, as well as the multivitamin supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy, are associated with the development of nonsyndromic CL/P in the Brazilian population. This study corroborates with previous evidences demonstrating the influence of environmental and genetic factor on etiopathogenesis of the nonsyndromic CL/P.
Mestrado
Patologia
Mestre em Estomatopatologia
Pereira, Elen Gomes. "Investigação dos efeitos do ácido etilmalônico sobre a atividade da acetilcolinesterase em cérebro de ratos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2015. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/3484.
Full textEthylmalonic acid (EMA) accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients suffering from short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) and ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE), diseases characterized by neurological alterations, includingdevelopmental delay, intellectual disability,and neuromuscular symptoms. However, the pathophysiology ofbrain dysfunction in these patients is still uncertain. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo, in vitro, and in silicoeffects ofEMA on acetylcholinesterase (AChE)activity, important enzyme for termination of cholinergic synapses, in cerebral cortex of30-day-old male Wistarrats. For in vivoexperiments, the animals were dividedinto two groups: EMA group, which received threesubcutaneous EMA administrations(5 μmol/g; 90 minutes of interval), and control group, which received three saline solution administrations in the same conditions.One hour after the last administration, the animals were euthanized by decapitation and the cerebral cortex of each animal werecleaned and isolated for analysis of AChE activity and its expression.For in vitroexperiments, cerebral cortex homogenates from animals without previous manipulation were incubated in the absence or presence of different concentrations of EMA(0.5, 1 and 2.5 mM)for 1 h. Immediately after, these homogenates were used for the determination of AChE activity.First, it was observed that EMA administrationincreased AChE activity when compared to control group.The same effect was observed in in vitroexperiment after one hour of incubation.In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which EMA activated AChE, it was evaluated the expression of this enzyme by measuring messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels and it was not verified any difference between groups, indicating that EMA did not affect AChE expression.In order to evaluate the interaction between EMA and AChE from Rattus norvegicus(rAChE), as well as the affinity between acetylcholine (ACh) and rAChE previously bonded to EMA (halo-AChE) and in the absence of EMA, it was carried out in silicoexperiments by molecular docking. It is noteworthy that phenilalanine 295 is part of acyl binding, that recognizes the entrance of molecules within the gorge. Additionaly, the atomic intermolecular detail fromEMA docking within rAChE showed hydrogen bonds between EMA and phenylalanine 295 and arginine 296 residues from rAChE, with 2.4 Å and 2.6 Å of distances, respectively. It was also observed that ACh bonded near the catalytic triad of rAChE in halo-AChE andthat the energy value of this affinity is more negative (-5.2 kcal/mol) when compared to the affinity from ACh within apo-AChE (-5.0 kcal/mol). Taken together, the present results suggest an activation of AChE caused by EMA andthatthis effect is possible due to an allosteric effect. These alterations might collaborate to the brain damage and intellectual disability found in patients affected by SCADD and EE.
O ácido etilmalônico (EMA) acumula-seem tecidose líquidosbiológicos de pacientes acometidos peladeficiência da desidrogenase de acil-CoA de cadeia curta (SCADD) epelaencefalopatia etilmalônica (EE), erros inatos do metabolismo (EIM) caracterizados por alterações neurológicas heterogêneas, incluindoatraso no desenvolvimento, deficiência intelectuale sintomas neuromusculares. No entanto, a fisiopatologia da disfunção cerebral encontrada nesses pacientes ainda não é completamente conhecida. Oobjetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos in vivo, in vitroe in silicodo EMA sobre a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE), enzima importante para finalização das sinapses colinérgicas,em córtex cerebral de ratos.Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos com 30 dias de vida. Para os experimentos in vivo, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo EMA, que recebeu 3 administrações subcutâneas do EMA(6μmol/g; 90 minutos de intervalo), e controle, que recebeu 3 administrações de solução salina nas mesmas condições.Uma hora após a última administração, os animais sofreram eutanásia por decapitação e os córtices cerebraisforam limpos e isolados para determinação da atividade e expressão da AChE. Para os experimentos in vitro, córtices cerebrais de animais sem prévia manipulação foram homogeneizados e incubados na presença de diferentes concentrações de EMA (0,5, 1 e 2,5 mM) por 1 h. Imediatamente após, os homogeneizados foram utilizados para a determinação da atividade da AChE.Inicialmente, foi observadoum aumento daatividade da enzima AChE no grupo que recebeu administraçõesde EMA em comparação ao grupo controle. O mesmo efeito foi observado in vitroapós uma hora de incubação na presença de EMA.Na tentativa de elucidar o mecanismo pelo qual o EMA ativa a AChE, foi avaliada a expressão desta enzima através da medida dos níveis de ácido ribonucleico mensageiro (RNAm). Entretanto não houve nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos, indicando que este ácido orgânico não altera aexpressão desta enzima.Foram então investigados parâmetros in silicopara avaliar a interação do EMA com a AChE de Rattus norvegicus(rAChE), bem como a afinidade do seu substrato (acetilcolina; ACh)com arAChEpreviamente ligada ao EMA (halo-AChE) e na ausência de EMA (apo-AChE)por docagemmolecular.Adicionalmente, odetalhamento atômico intermolecular da docagem do EMA em rAChEevidenciou a formação de ligações de hidrogênio entre o EMA e os resíduos fenilalanina 295 e arginina 296 de rAChE a 2,4 Å e 2,6 Å de distância, respectivamente. Vale ressaltar que o resíduo fenilalanina 295 faz parte do sítio de ligação acil, que reconhece a entrada de moléculas na região catalítica. Também observou-se que a ACh se liga próximo à tríade catalítica da halo-AChE,e o valor de energia dessa ligação é mais negativo (-5,2 kcal/mol) quando comparado ao valor de energia de ligação da ACh àapo-AChE(-5,0 kcal/mol). Tomados em conjunto, os resultados do presente trabalho sugeremuma ativação da AChE causada pelo EMA, e tal efeito possivelmente se deve a um efeito alostérico. Tais alteraçõespodem colaborar para o dano cerebral e o dano cognitivoencontradosnos pacientes acometidos por SCADD e EE.
Rossetto, Maria Rosecler Miranda. "Efeito do ácido giberélico no metabolismo amido-sacarose durante o amadurecimento da banana (Musa acuminata var. Nanicão)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-02102008-092955/.
Full textThe ripening is an exclusive stage of fruit development, that involves a serie of metabolic transformation from different energy source. It is mediated by a dynamic enzymatic complex, resulting in formation/degradation of different coumpouds that will render fruit acceptable for the consumption. Depending on the type of fruit, this energy source can be in the form of organic acid, sucrose of the plant or starch. Banana (Musa acuminata) is a climateric fruit that uses starch as main carbon source, which is reduced during banana ripening of levels that vary from 12 to 20% to less than 1 %. Concomitant to the this degradation, the levels of sucrose can reach up to 15%, depending of the cultivar. The gibberellic acid, GA3-mediated is a plant growth regulation of the giberellins family, that has been studied in cereals because of their enhancing effect of gene expression of αamylase. In fruits, it is responsible for keeping the texture firm and the soluble solid levels, and delaying the ripening. The influence of the GA3 in the starch-sucrose metabolism in banana slices, were observed. That the phytohormone did not modify the respiratory peak nor the synthesis of ethylene. However, it delayed the starch degradation and the soluble sugars accumulation for about three days. This delay was followed by decrease and/or delay in the activity of the enzymes related to starch degradation: the α and β-amylases; and sucrose synthesis the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). However, was not observed a difference in the increase of gene expression of SPS and phosphorilase
Purgatto, Eduardo. "Efeito do ácido indol-3-acético no metabolismo amido-sacarose durante o amadurecimento da banana (Musa spp.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-11012007-155929/.
Full textDuring banana ripening, starch degradation and sucrose formation are important processes responsible for the sweetening of ripe fruit. Although has been studied for several years, the regulation and hormonal signals that control these metabolic processes still remains not clear. The objective of this work has been evaluate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin with inhibitory effect on ripening, on starch-to-sucrose metabolism and some correlated enzymes. The results showed a delay on starch degradation in slices infiltrated with IAA plus mannitol comparing to slices infiltrated only with mannitol. The activities of alfa- and ß-amylase and alfa-1,4-glucosidase was delayed. Starch phosphorylase was not affected. These results suggest that IAA can delay starch degradation inhibiting, at least partially, the amylolitic activity. Synthesis of ß-amylase mRNA was strong delayed on IAA-treated slices comparing to control slices, indicating that this enzyme could be, at least partially, regulated at the transciptional level. In sucrose synthesis direction, sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activities and mRNA transcription were not affected. This suggests that delay on sucrose formation could be a consequence of lack of substrate, since starch degradation was inhibited. Ethylene measurements didn\'t reveal any significant differences between control and IAA-treated slices suggesting that starch degradation on banana ripening could be a ethylene-independent event. Free endogenous IAA measurements on control slices and whole banana fruit showed that this IAA fraction decrease continuously in the pulp of banana during ripening, reaching the lowest levels at the same time that starch degradation begun. On IAA-treated slices, the free plus conjugate IAA showed the existence of an efficient system that mobilized the hormone excess and brought the free IAA to the same levels of control and whole fruit. This could be timely correlated with the delay on starch degradation. This work shows not only that IAA can delay the starch degradation but also suggest that IAA could be part of regulatory signals involved on banana ripening.
Jacometo, Carolina Bespalhok. "Nutrigenômica: Efeito de dietas contendo ácido linolênico na expresão gênica de receptores nucleares relacionados ao metabolismo lipídico." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2618.
Full textDietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are negative regulators of hepatic lipogenesis and their effects are at transcriptional levels. The essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6, consumed during pregnancy can benefit maternal and offspring health. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), when activated by PUFAs enhances lipolytic genes. Liver X receptor α (LXRα) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) are nuclear receptors that enhance lipogenic genes, and are repressed by PUFAs. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of diets, rich in omega-3 or omega-6, consumed throughout three generations, on biochemical parameters and the expression level of some genes related to lipid metabolism. For this study we used adult Wistar/UFPel rats, composing the founding generation, females that received diet with flaxseed oil (OM group, n=18) or soybean oil (CTL group, n=18) during pregnancy. At F1 weaning, 48 females offspring were selected and allocated in three groups, females from OM group, that continued receiving diet with flaxseed oil (OM/OM group, n=16), females from OM group, that started to receive diet with soybean oil (OM/CTL group, n=16) and females from CTL group, that continued receiving diet with soybean oil (CTL/CTL group, n=16). At F2 weaning, 16 females offspring of each group were selected and continued receiving the same diets (OM/OM/OM group, OM/CTL/CTL group and CTL/CTL/CTL group). The females were evaluated in the pre-partum (19±1 days of pregnancy) and at postpartum period (21 days after parturition). The dietary fatty acid profile did not affect the diet daily intake and the pregnancy rate (P>0.05), however, dams that received the diet rich in omega-3 had heaviest offspring (P=0.01). Diets with higher omega-3 level decreased triglycerides serum levels, and maintained constant the non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels (P=0.04), while the animals fed with high proportion of omega-6 had fluctuant NEFA levels, and an outstanding increase in the postpartum period of F2 generation (P=0.02). PPARα, RXRα, LXRα and SREBP-1c had been regulated by the diets throughout generations. In the pre-partum moment of F2 generation, the animals fed with high omega-3 had a lower expression of LXRα (P=0.01) indicating its effectiveness on inhibiting lipogenic action. Our results indicate that the PUFAs effect on the control of lipolysis and lipogenesis is cumulative throughout generations and the omega-3 exerts a better control.
Dietas contendo ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPIs) exercem controle negativo sobre a lipogênese hepática e seus efeitos são observados ao nível transcricional. Os ácidos graxos essenciais ômega-3 e ômega-6, quando consumidos durante a gestação podem beneficiar a saúde materna e da prole. O receptor nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), quando ativado pelos AGPIs favorecem a atividade de genes lipolíticos. O liver X receptor α (LXRα) e sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) são receptors nucleares que ativam genes lipogênicos, e são reprimidos pelos AGPIs. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de dietas, ricas em ômega-3 ou ômega-6, consumidas ao longo de três gerações, sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e o nível de expressão de alguns genes relacionados ao metabolismo lipídico. Para este estudo foram utilizados ratas adultas, da linhagem Wistar/UFPel, compondo a geração fundadora, fêmeas que receberam ração com óleo de linhaça (Grupo OM, n=18) ou óleo de soja (Grupo CTL, n=18) durante toda a gestação. No desmame da F1 foram selecionadas 48 progênies fêmeas, então divididas em três grupos, fêmeas oriundas do Grupo OM, que continuaram a receber dieta com óleo de linhaça (Grupo OM/OM, n=16), fêmeas oriundas do Grupo OM, que passaram a receber dieta com óleo de soja (Grupo OM/CTL, n=16) e fêmeas oriundas do Grupo CTL, que continuaram a receber dieta com óleo de soja (Grupo CTL/CTL, n=16). No desmame da F2 foram selecionadas 16 progênies fêmeas de cada grupo que seguiram recebendo o mesmo tratamento (Grupo OM/OM/OM; Grupo OM/CTL/CTL e Grupo CTL/CTL/CTL). As fêmeas foram avaliadas no período pré parto (19±1 dias de gestação) e no pós-parto (21 dias após o parto). O perfil de ácidos graxo da dieta não afetou o consumo de ração e nem a taxa de prenhez (P>0,05), porém as fêmeas alimentadas com dieta rica em ômega-3 tiveram filhotes mais pesados (P=0,01). A dieta com alto nível de ômega-3 diminuiu os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos (P=0,04), e mantiveram constante os níveis de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (AGNEs), enquanto animais alimentados com uma proporção maior de ômega-6 tiveram níveis flutuantes de AGNEs, e um notável aumento no perído pós-parto da geração F2 (P=0,02). PPARα, RXRα, LXRα and SREBP-1c foram regulados pelas dietas ao longo das gerações. No período pré-parto da geração F2, os animais alimentação com alto ômega-3 apresentaram uma menor expressão de LXRα (P<0,001), indicando sua efetividade em inibir a ação lipogênica. Nossos resultados indicam que os efeitos dos AGPIs no controle da lipólise e lipogênese é cumulativo ao longo das gerações e o ômega-3 exerce um controle mais efetivo.
SILVA, Rafaela Maria Seabra. "Polimorfismos em genes envolvidos no metabolismo do ácido fólico e o risco de desenvolvimento da leucemia infantil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19894.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T16:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Rafaela Maria Seabra Silva.pdf: 1206163 bytes, checksum: 40c5b3e504a66706b66919d7543260cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05
Leucemia é a neoplasia hematológica mais comum na infância. Sua etiologia não está elucidada sendo provável uma interação gene-ambiente. O ácido fólico é uma vitamina do complexo B transportado para a célula pela proteína carreadora de folato reduzido. Enzimas importantes no metabolismo do ácido fólico são: A metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase, metionina sintase, e timidilato sintase. Este foi um estudo exploratório com caso-controle. A população amostral foi diferente para cada um dos polimorfismos estudados sendo constituída de amostras oriundas do CEONHPE/HUOC e INCa. A detecção dos genótipos foi realizada através PCR–RFLP para os polimorfismos MTHFR 677, MS 2756 e RFC1, seguida de digestão enzimática, por PCR para as repetições em tandem no gene TS e PCR alelo-específica para o polimorfismo MTHFR 1298. Não observamos diferença estatisticamente significante na freqüência genotípica dos polimorfismos A2756G MS e nas repetições em tandem 2R/3R no promotor do gene TS. O genótipo mutante RFC 80AA foi relacionado a diminuição do risco de desenvolvimento de leucemias agudas e LLA no CEONHPE, LMA no INCa e leucemias agudas e LMA, na análise CEONHPE e INCa. A presença do alelo 677T foi associada ao aumento do risco de leucemias agudas e LLA. Enquanto a presença do genótipo MTHFR 1298CC foi associado a uma significativa redução do risco. O resultado deste estudo sugere a associação dos polimorfismos RFC G80A, MTHFR A1298C e MTHFR C677T com a susceptibilidade a LA infantil.
Leukemia is the most common hematologic malignancy in childhood. Its etiology is not elucidated and is likely a gene-environment interaction. Folic acid is a vitamin B complex transported to the cell by binding protein of reduced folate. Important enzymes in the metabolism of folic acid are: The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase, and thymidylate synthase. This was an exploratory study with case-control. The sample population was different for each of the polymorphisms studied was made up of samples from CEONHPE / HUOC and Cancer Institute. Genotype detection was performed by PCR-RFLP for the polymorphisms MTHFR 677, MS 2756 and RFC1, followed by enzymatic digestion, by PCR for the tandem repeats in the TS gene and allele-specific PCR for the MTHFR 1298 polymorphism. No statistically significant difference in genotype frequency of polymorphisms A2756G MS and tandem repeats in the 2R/3R TS gene promoter. The mutant RFC 80AA genotype was related to decreased risk of developing acute leukemia and in CEONHPE ALL, AML and INCa in acute leukemias and AML, and the analysis CEONHPE Cancer Institute. The presence of 677T allele was associated with increased risk of acute leukemia and ALL. While the presence of the MTHFR 1298CC genotype was associated with a significant reduction in risk. The result of this study suggests the association of polymorphisms G80a RFC, MTHFR A1298C and MTHFR C677T with susceptibility to AL's.
Villarruel, Domínguez Ruth María, and Casas Carlos Angel Murga. "Homocisteína y ácido fólico plasmáticos en pacientes tratados con fenitoína en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2004. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2004/villarruel_dr/html/index-frames.html.
Full textA descriptive – observational retrospective cases and controls study of levels of total homocysteine in patients with medic prescription of phenytoin attending in Neurosurgery facility of Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital during April – November 2003 of was carried out. It was analized 45 cases of patients in that facility during 6 months in order to assess the levels of plasmatic homcysteine, it was detected 14 patients with levels of moderate hyperhomocisteinemia, having obtained an incidence of 31, 11 %; particularly presented in male patients and between 62-73 and 47-61 years old. It was evaluated the levels of folic acid in patients have like a medic prescription the use of phenytoin, which ones were lower with regard to controls patients
Santos, Maitê Bernardo Correia dos. "Biotransformação bacteriana de ácido ferúlico obtido de resíduo lignocelulósico a 4-vinilguaiacol /." São José do Rio Preto, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153929.
Full textCoorientador: Guillermo Ladino Orjuela
Banca: Ricardo Barros Mariutti
Banca: André Luiz Meleiro Porto
Resumo: O Brasil, por sua condição de grande produtor agrícola, também é grande produtor de resíduos lignocelulósicos. Esses resíduos, muitas vezes considerados sub-produtos ou co-produtos, são fontes de açúcares, derivados da celulose e hemicelulose, e de compostos aromáticos, oriundos da lignina, que servem de substratos para diversos processos químicos e biológicos para obtenção de produtos de alto valor agregado. Um dos compostos liberados em abundância durante a desconstrução do material lignocelulósico é o ácido ferúlico cuja biotransformação pode resultar em derivados químicos com aplicações nas indústrias farmacêutica, de alimentos e de cosméticos. Neste trabalho estudou-se a bioconversão bacteriana do ácido ferúlico comercial e daquele obtido a partir da hidrólise alcalina da lignina, em 4-vinilguaiacol. A biotransformação de ácido ferúlico comercial em 4-vinilguaiacol foi estudada em meio líquido sintético contendo o ácido ferúlico em concentração inicial de 300 mg L-1, por 48 horas. Após 24 horas de cultivo, obteve-se um rendimento de 0,5 mmol L-1 de 4-vinilguaiacol que correspondeu a uma conversão de 32,4% do ácido ferúlico. Na continuidade do trabalho, a cepa foi utilizada para bioconverter o ácido ferúlico oriundo da hidrólise da lignina contido no lícor obtido por hidrólise alcalina do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, cuja concentração de ácido ferúlico era de 310,14 mg L-1. Após 32 horas de cultivo obteve-se um rendimento de 1,3 mmol L-1 de 4-vinilguaiacol que correspondeu...
Abstract: Brazil, is an important agricultural producer and also a big producer of lignocellulosic wastes. These material can generate sugars from cellulose and hemicellulose saccharification and aromatic compounds, derived from lignin, which serve as substrates for various chemical and biological processes to obtain the high added values products. One of the compounds released during the deconstruction of lignocellulosic material is ferulic acid whose biotransformation can lead to the generation of important products. This work aims at the bacterial bioconversion of commercial ferulic acid and those obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of lignin to 4-vinylguaiacol. The biotransformation of commercial ferulic acid in 4-vinylguaiacol was studied in synthetic liquid medium containing the ferulic acid in an initial concentration of 300 mg L-1, for 48 hours. After 24 hours of cultivation a yield of 0.5 mmol L-1 of 4- vinylguaiacol was obtained which corresponded to a conversion of 32.4% of the ferulic acid. In the continuity of the work, the strain was used to bioconvert the ferulic acid from the hydrolysis of the lignin contained in the lycor obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of the sugarcane bagasse that presented the ferulic acid concentration of 310.14 mg L- 1 . After 32 hours of cultivation, a yield of 4-vinylguaiacol was 1.3 mmol L-1 corresponding to a conversion of 81.7% of the ferulic acid. The results showed that the strain decarboxylated the ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol
Mestre
Pereira, Priscila Preve [UNESP]. "Efeito das toxinas urêmicas guanidina e ácido guanidinoácetico sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose em neutrófilos de cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128114.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
It has been recently reported that in canine chronic renal failure (CRF) there occurs oxidative stress, and that neutrophil dysfunction is associated with the increase of apoptosis. Among the many uremic toxins found in higher concentrations due to CRF, there is evidence - in humans - that guanidines inhibit the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, affecting their bactericidal function. In this study, a systematic review of the relationship between guanidine compounds and neutrophils in dogs was undertaken. It was found that the literature on this subject is scarce and conflicting, which prompted this investigation of the relationship between the plasmatic concentration of guanidine, the production of superoxide, and the apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs with CRF. Morever, the effect of the isolated compound guanidine acetic acid (GAA) on the production of superoxide and on neutrophil apoptosis in healthy dogs was investigated in vitro. It was possible to verify that the large increase of plasmatic guanidine observed in dogs with CRF is not associated with the altered oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the neutrophils. The GAA inhibited the oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils in healthy dogs without affecting the viability of these cells
Pereira, Priscila Preve. "Efeito das toxinas urêmicas guanidina e ácido guanidinoácetico sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose em neutrófilos de cães /." Araçatuba, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128114.
Full textAbstract:It has been recently reported that in canine chronic renal failure (CRF) there occurs oxidative stress, and that neutrophil dysfunction is associated with the increase of apoptosis. Among the many uremic toxins found in higher concentrations due to CRF, there is evidence - in humans - that guanidines inhibit the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, affecting their bactericidal function. In this study, a systematic review of the relationship between guanidine compounds and neutrophils in dogs was undertaken. It was found that the literature on this subject is scarce and conflicting, which prompted this investigation of the relationship between the plasmatic concentration of guanidine, the production of superoxide, and the apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs with CRF. Morever, the effect of the isolated compound guanidine acetic acid (GAA) on the production of superoxide and on neutrophil apoptosis in healthy dogs was investigated in vitro. It was possible to verify that the large increase of plasmatic guanidine observed in dogs with CRF is not associated with the altered oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the neutrophils. The GAA inhibited the oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils in healthy dogs without affecting the viability of these cells
Orientador:Paulo Cesar Ciarlini
Banca:Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
Banca:Aureo Evangelista Santana
Mestre
MESQUITA, Amanda Rafaela Carneiro de. "Influência do Tween 80 e do ácido linoleico sobre o crescimento e metabolismo de novas cepas de Lactobacillus paracasei e Lactobacillus plantarum." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25141.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-20T17:43:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Amanda Rafaela Carneiro de Mesquita.pdf: 2297622 bytes, checksum: ea358529064f29812f462ec45e0a7a30 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T17:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Amanda Rafaela Carneiro de Mesquita.pdf: 2297622 bytes, checksum: ea358529064f29812f462ec45e0a7a30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10
CAPES
Ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) é um termo utilizado para designar 28 isômeros de posição do ácido linoleico, associados a diversas atividades farmacológicas, principalmente atividade anticancerígena e antiobesidade. Diferentes gêneros bacterianos estão envolvidos com a produção de CLA e a grande maioria é utilizada como probiótico. São espécies de Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium e Pediococcus que possuem a capacidade de biossintetizar CLA a partir do ácido linoleico livre. Diante dessas observações, este trabalho teve por objetivo o isolamento e identificação de cepas de Lactobacillus; avaliação do efeito do Tween 80 sobre o crescimento, a produção de ácidos orgânicos e etanol, e avaliação antimicrobiana de diferentes linhagens de lactobacilos frente bactérias multirresistentes; bem como a determinação da cinética de crescimento em meio de cultura contendo diferentes concentrações de ácido linoleico, com a finalidade de selecionar cepas de lactobacilos produtoras de CLA. As bactérias foram isoladas a partir de uma bebida chamada kefir e identificadas através do sequenciamento de segmentos do gene 16S rDNA e PCRsespecíficas. Foi determinada também a cinética de crescimento das dez cepas isoladas em meio MRS contendo diferentes concentrações de ácido linoleico e Tween 80. Foi observado que não houve influência do Tween 80 sobre o crescimento e produção de metabólitos de todas as espécies de lactobacilos estudadas. O ácido lático foi o metabólito mais produzido, seguido de ácido acético e etanol. O tempo de adaptação das bactérias ao meio MRS contendo ácido linoleico durou até 12 horas e foi dependente da cepa avaliada. As cepas que tiveram uma fase lag prolongada (12 horas) e que apresentaram maior sensibilidade ao ácido linoleico foram todas da espécie L. paracasei (LBFM 01, LBFM 05, LBFM 06 e LBFM 11). L. plantarum (LBFM 02, LBFM 04, LBFM 07, LBFM 08 e LBFM 09) foram as linhagens mais adaptadas à presença do ácido linoleico. Em relação à produção de CLA, L. plantarum LBFM 07 e L. plantarum 09 foram os maiores produtores, sendo trans-10, cis-12-CLA o principal isômero produzido.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a term used to denote 28 positional isomers of linoleic acid, associated with several pharmacological activities, mainly anticancer and antiobesity. Different bacterial genera are involved with the production of CLA and the vast majority is used as a probiotic. They are species of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium and Pediococcus that have the ability to biosynthesize CLA from free linoleic acid. In view of these observations, this aimed at the isolation and identification of Lactobacillus strains; the evaluation of the effect of Tween 80 on growth, production of organic acids and ethanol, and the antimicrobial evaluation of different strains of lactobacilli against multiresistant bacteria as well as the determination of the kinetics of growth in culture medium containing different concentrations of linoleic acid, in order to select CLA-producing Lactobacillus strains. Bacteria were isolated from a beverage called kefir and identified through the sequencing of 16S rDNA gene and specific PCR segments. The growth kinetics of the ten strains isolated in MRS medium containing different concentrations of linoleic acid and Tween 80 was also determined. There was no influence of Tween 80 on the growth and production of metabolites of all species of lactobacilli studied. Lactic acid was the most produced metabolite, followed by acetic acid and ethanol. The time for adaptation of the bacteria to the MRS medium containing linoleic acid lasted up to 12 hours and depended on the strain evaluated. The strains that had a prolonged lag phase (12 hours) and showed the highest sensitivity to linoleic acid were all of L. paracasei (LBFM 01, LBFM 05, LBFM 06 and LBFM 11). L. plantarum (LBFM 02, LBFM 04, LBFM 07, LBFM 08 and LBFM 09) were the strains most adapted to the presence of linoleic acid. In relation to the CLA production, L. plantarum LBFM 07 and L. plantarum 09 were the major producers, and trans-10, cis-12-CLA was the main isomer produced.
Negri, Víctor Augusti 1986. "Estudo do metabolismo de CO2 em Propionibacterium acidipropionici visando o aumento no rendimento da produção de ácido propiônico." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316757.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T04:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Negri_VictorAugusti_M.pdf: 12106388 bytes, checksum: d15b4a2052af5e412ac086681ebf3a4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Propionibacterium acidipropionici é uma bactéria gram-positiva que apresenta a capacidade de produzir ácido propiônico em sua via fermentativa, composto de grande importância na indústria petroquímica e alimentícia. Tendo-se em vista que esse ácido é hoje obtido através de derivados do petróleo, P. acidipropionici vem sendo apontada como uma potencial plataforma industrial na produção de ácido propiônico. Uma das características que enfatizam a sua utilização está a sua capacidade em fixar CO2 e direcioná-lo para a produção de ácido propiônico. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre esse fenômeno em propionibactérias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e estudar o metabolismo de assimilação de CO2 em P. acidipropionici, visando avaliar a relevância do mesmo na fermentação desta bactéria. Através da análise do genoma e resultados prévios de expressão global foram identificados potenciais genes envolvidos tanto na assimilação de CO2 quanto na produção de ácido propiônico, destacando-se a enzima piruvato carboxilase como uma importante candidata envolvida na fixação de CO2. Dados de expressão dessa enzima indicaram que a mesma tem sua expressão aumentada quando a bactéria é cultivada em glicerol como fonte de carbono, condição em que há uma maior produção de ácido propiônico. Outros genes que se destacaram foram os genes do metabolismo de biotina, cofator importante em enzimas fixadoras de dióxido de carbono. Foi descrito que os genes envolvidos na sua síntese estão ausentes em seu genoma e que os genes envolvidos em sua assimilação se mostraram diferencialmente expressos ao fim das fermentações em glicerol e glicose, indicando uma possível carência metabólica dessa vitamina. Adicionalmente, foi reportado que a assimilação de CO2 pode ocorrer em diferentes fontes de carbono, podendo apresentar até 25% de ácido propiônico e até 32% do ácido succínico, contendo pelo menos um carbono proveniente do CO2. Tais dados revelaram que a assimilação de CO2 é provavelmente um fenômeno recorrente e relevante em P. acidipropionici, o que reforça essa bactéria como uma promissora plataforma industrial. Por fim, experimentos realizados em biorreator indicaram que ambientes com alta disponibilidade de CO2 podem levar a um aumento expressivo da produção de ácido succínico, intermediário da via do ácido propiônico e também um importante produto de interesse da indústria química
Abstract: Propionibacterium acidipropionici is a gram-positive bacterium that has the ability to produce propionic acid through its fermentative pathway, a highly important compound in petrochemical and food industry. In view that nowadays this acid is obtained through petroleum derivatives, P. acidipropionici is being appointed as an important candidate as an industrial platform in propionic acid production. One of the characteristics that emphasize its use is the ability to fix CO2 and direct the assimilated carbon to the production of propionic acid. Little is known about this phenomenon in propionibacteria, however it¿s occurrence is described when the bacterium is cultivated in glycerol as its only carbon source. The present work had as objective to characterize and study the CO2 assimilation mechanism in P. acidipropionici, aiming to evaluate how relevant this mechanism is in its fermentative metabolism. Through genome analysis, genes and pathways potentially involved in this process were identified. The analysis highlights the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase, a propionic acid cycle¿s acting enzyme and little distributed in Propionibacteria, and the genes involved in biotin¿s metabolism, a vitamin that acts as an important cofactor in CO2 fixation reactions in bacteria. The biotin production pathway is not complete in P. acidipropionici, being observable in this project that in fact there is a deficiency in its growth in the absence of the same. Seeking trancriptional clues of the phenomenon and having glycerol as carbon source, a global gene expression analysis of the fermentation of P. acidipropionici was performed in glycerol, glucose and sugarcane juice in different points of bacterial growth (RNASeq). Interestingly, the most differentially expressed enzyme of the fermentative pathway in glycerol is the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. The biotin related pathways are also differentially expressed at the final stages of the bacterium¿s fermentation, what can be related to a requirement of this vitamin at these stages. The supplementation of this vitamin was performed at the three studied carbon sources. However, no difference in growth or acids production was found. Aiming to explore in which situations the CO2 fixation happens, fermentations with six different carbon sources supplemented with carbon-13 containing sodium bicarbonate were performed. It was evaluated from this experiment that the CO2 assimilation occurs in all studied carbon sources, and that about 1/4 of the propionic acid total has a carbon that comes from the diluted bicarbonate. The generated data reveals that the phenomenon is relevant in P. acidipropionici. Lastly, the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation in P. acidipropionici fermentations having glycerol as carbon source was studied. As a result, an expressive increase in the production of succinic acid was observed, another fermentation final product in propionibacteria. Such phenomenon, therefore, could also be more explored for the production of this second acid, equally important in the industrial point of view
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Fuke, Gitane. "LÁCTEOS: ATRIBUTOS VALORIZADOS NA COMPRA, PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS E EFEITOS DO ÁCIDO LINOLÉICO CONJUGADO NO METABOLISMO LIPÍDICO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3389.
Full textThe relationships between nutrition and health have been studied throughout recent years as a result of the growing concern about the population s health. Consumers are increasingly more demanding about the quality of food consumed, inclusively worrying about attributes that go beyond the presence of nutrients and food security, but also concerning about health benefits. The following research aimed to understand which consumer perceptions about the role of animal fats in health and attributes are valued in buying dairy products, determining the levels of conjugated linoleic acid in milk produced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul as well as assessing the antiatherogenic potential of conjugated linoleic acid. In the first chapter of the thesis it was analyzed the behavior of consumers before the purchase of milk, where it is observed that 83% of respondents consume milk and crucial aspects for the consumer is the relationship price and taste. There is a good perspective on buying products with higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid and bringing benefits to consumer s health. Due to the wide and varied range of dairy products, consumer was induced to become more demanding about the quality of the product offered. In Chapter 2, it was determined the fatty acid profile in dairy (milk, cheese, and butter) produced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and it was found that the composition was similar in both types of milk products produced in Rio Grande do Sul, including as to the presence of conjugated linoleic acid. CLA levels varied according to regions and seasons studied, which showed higher levels in the southern portion of the state and in the spring and winter. The CLA content in milk products produced in southern Brazil have higher values than those reported for dairy products from other countries, including those of temperate climate, which show higher values of this constituent. In chapter, it was assessed the effect of different lipid sources and antiatherogenic potential of conjugated linoleic acid in rabbits fed a diet containing butter, margarine, soybean oil, and synthetic CLA. The results, through hierarchical cluster analysis, showed similar variables in animals that consumed butter and soybean oil + CLA and another group with margarine and soy oil. HDL levels were higher in the treatment that received diet with conjugated linoleic acid and LDL was reduced. The reasons TC:HDL and LDL:HDL significantly increased in the group that consumed margarine. The inclusion of CLA, even at low levels, such as 0.1% in the diet of rabbits exerts inhibitory effect on atherogenesis, since lower levels of LDL cholesterol and higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk.
As relações entre nutrição e saúde vêm sendo estudadas nos últimos anos, como consequência da preocupação da população com a saúde. Os consumidores estão mais exigentes em relação à qualidade dos alimentos consumidos, preocupando-se com atributos que vão além da presença de nutrientes e segurança alimentar, mas que apresentam também benefícios à saúde. Objetivou-se com o trabalho, entender qual a percepção do consumidor sobre o papel da gordura animal na saúde e os atributos valorizados na compra de produtos lácteos, determinar o perfil de ácidos graxos com ênfase no ácido linoleico conjugado em lácteos produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul e avaliar o potencial antiaterogênico do ácido linoléico conjugado. No primeiro capítulo da tese analisou-se o comportamento dos consumidores frente à compra de lácteos, observa-se que 83% dos entrevistados consomem leite e os aspectos mais importantes são a relação preço e sabor. Existe uma boa perspectiva em relação à compra por produtos com teores mais elevados de ácido linoléico conjugado e que tragam benefícios a saúde do consumidor. Em função da grande e variada oferta de produtos lácteos, induziu o consumidor a tornar-se mais exigente em relação à qualidade do produto oferecido. No capítulo 2 determinou-se o perfil de ácidos graxos em lácteos (leite, queijo e manteiga) produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul e, verificou-se que a composição foi semelhante entre os tipos de produtos lácteos produzidos, inclusive quanto a presença do ácido linoléico conjugado. Os níveis de CLA variaram conforme as regiões e estações climáticas estudadas, onde apresentaram maiores teores na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul e nas estações da primavera e inverno. O conteúdo em CLA de produtos lácteos produzidos na região Sul do Brasil possuem valores superiores aos relatados para produtos lácteos de outros países, inclusive naqueles de clima temperado, os quais demonstram maiores valores deste constituinte. No capítulo 3 avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes fontes lipídicas e o potencial antiaterogênico do ácido linoléico conjugado em coelhos alimentados com dietas contendo manteiga, margarina, óleo de soja e CLA sintético. Os resultados, através da análise de agrupamento hierárquico, acusaram semelhança nas variáveis dos animais que consumiram manteiga e óleo de soja+CLA e outro grupo pela margarina e óleo de soja. Os níveis de HDL foram maiores no tratamento que recebeu dieta com ácido linoléico conjugado e o LDL foi reduzido. As razões CT:HDL e LDL:HDL apresentaram aumento significativo no grupo que consumiu margarina. A inclusão de CLA, mesmo em níveis baixos, como 0,1% na dieta de coelhos exerce efeito inibitório sobre a aterogênese, pois como observado nesta pesquisa, os menores níveis de colesterol LDL e maiores níveis de colesterol HDL estão associados a diminuição de risco cardiovascular.
Viegas, Carolina Maso. "Efeitos in vitro do ácido 3-hidroxiisobutírico sobre parâmetros bioquímicos do metabolismo energético em cérebro de ratos jovens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13544.
Full text3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria is an inherited metabolic disease caused by 3- hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid is the biochemical hallmark of this disorder. Clinical phenotype is heterogeneous and generally includes dysmorphic features, delayed motor development, profound mental impairment, and acute encephalopathy. Lactic acidemia is also found in the affected patients, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the in vitro effect of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (0.1, 0.5 and 1mM) on essential enzymes of energy metabolism, namely the activities of the respiratory chain complexes I-V, total, cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase and Na+, K+-ATPase in cerebral cortex homogenates of 30-day-old rats. We also measured the rate of oxygen consumption in brain mitochondrial preparations in the presence of 3- hydroxyisobutyric acid. 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid significantly reduced complex I-III (20%), without affecting the other activities of the electron transport chain. Furthermore, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid did not change state III, state IV and the respiratory control ratio in the presence of glutamate/malate or succinate, suggesting that its effect on cellular respiration was weak. On the other hand, the activities of total and mitochondrial creatine kinase, but not cytosolic creatine kinase, were inhibited (30%) by 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid. We also observed that 3- hydroxyisobutyric acid-induced inhibition of mitochondrial creatine kinase activity was fully prevented by pre-incubation of the homogenates with reduced glutathione, α-tocopherol or the combination of superoxide dismutase plus catalase, suggesting that this inhibition was mediated by oxidation of essential thiol groups of the enzyme probably by superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and/or peroxyl radicals. It was also demonstrated that Na+, K+-ATPase activity from synaptic plasma membranes was markedly suppressed (37 %) by 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid and that this effect was prevented by α-tocopherol co-incubation implying that peroxyl radicals were probably involved in this action. Considering the importance of the affected enzyme activities for brain metabolism homeostasis and neurotransmision, it is suggested that increased tissue levels of 3- hydroxyisobutyric acid may contribute to the neurodegeneration of patients affected by 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria and possibly explain previous reports describing elevated production and excretion of lactate.
Soares, Giuliana Cristina Mourão. "Efeito do ácido salicílico no metabolismo primário e secundário de plantas de arroz, milho e cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8349.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 887174 bytes, checksum: d5f704cd7a623e2a5b6b868f3946214a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas da indução do sistema de defesa de plantas de arroz, milho e cana-de-açúcar, através da aplicação de ácido salicílico (AS) nas folhas. Plantas de arroz e milho, com 30 dias de crescimento em solução hidropônica, e plantas de cana-de-açúcar, com 2 meses de crescimento em substrato comercial, recebe- ram 5 aplicações de solução 100 μM AS + 0,15% Tween 20, ou apenas 0,15% Tween 20 (controle). Após duas semanas de tratamento, foram avaliados parâmetros de trocas ga- sosas e fluorescência da clorofila a nas folhas +3, que também foram coletadas para a quantificação de compostos do metabolismo primário, secundário e antioxidante, além dos componentes químicos da parede celular e da eficiência de sacarificação da parede. Nas três espécies, o AS promoveu aumento significativo na taxa fotossintética líquida e na condutância estomática, mas que não refletiram em acúmulo de compostos de reserva, pelo contrário, em cana-de-açúcar houve redução significativa dos níveis de glicose, sa- carose e aminoácidos. O AS não alterou o teor de malonaldeído em nenhuma das espécies. Em arroz e milho, os níveis de ânions superóxido e peróxido de hidrogênio já estavam em homeostase no momento da coleta. Em cana, o aumento significativo no teor de ânions superóxido foi neutralizado pela atividade basal da dismutase do superóxido. O teor de fenólicos não alterou após a aplicação de AS, e as atividades da fenilalanina amônia-liase e tirosina amônia-liase reduziram significativamente em milho e cana. Não houve altera- ções nos teores de lignina e celulose em nenhuma das espécies. Em cana, houve aumento no teor de glicose da fração hemicelulósica. O AS não alterou a eficiência de sacarificação da parede das folhas avaliadas. Os resultados sugerem que o AS induziu o metabolismo primário das folhas +3 de arroz, milho e cana-de-açúcar, mas não houve investimento de carbono no metabolismo secundário.
This study aimed to investigate the responses of plant defense system in rice, maize and sugarcane, after foliar application of salicylic acid (SA). Plants of rice and maize, grown for 30 days in hydroponic system, and plants of sugarcane, grown for 2 months under greenhouse conditions, were sprayed 5 times with 100 μM SA + 0,15% Tween 20, or only 0,15% Tween 20 (control). After two weeks of treatment, gas exchange and chloro- phyll a parameters were evaluated in leaf +3, from which samples were collected to de- termine compounds from primary, secondary and antioxidant metabolisms, and also cell wall components and saccharification efficiency. In the three species, SA significantly increased net CO2 and stomatal conductance, but these alterations were not coupled with reserve accumulation, on the contrary, there was a significantly reduction of glucose, su- crose and amino acids levels in sugarcane. SA did not alter malondealdehyde content in any specie. In rice and maize, levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion were in homeostasis when samples were collected. In sugarcane, SA significantly increased su- peroxide anion content, but it was scavenged by the basal activity of superoxide dis- mutase. Total phenolics did not change with SA application in any specie, and phenylal- anine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities significantly decreased in maize and sugarcane. There were no alternations in lignin or cellulose contents in any specie. In sugarcane, glucose from hemicellulose significantly increased. SA did not change cell wall saccharification efficiency of leaves +3. The results suggest that SA in- ducted primary metabolism of leaves +3 from rice, maize and sugarcane, but there was no carbon investment in secondary metabolism.