Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Métabolites secondaires'
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Simon-Levert, Annabel. "Métabolites secondaires d'origine marine : de l'écologie à la pharmacologie." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0773.
Full textThe marine environment is a highly competitive medium. Production of "anti" agents (antibacterial,antifungic, antiproliferative. . . ) allow many organisms to preserve their surface from colonization. Secondarymetabolites, selected during many years of evolution for their effectiveness, are involved in chemicalprotection. The action of these molecules is often original and unique for biochemical processes, making this of great interest to pharmacology. In this thesis, we studied twenty secondary metabolites, belonging to three chemical families andisolated from three organisms (the cyanobacteria Lyngby majuscula and the ascidians Cystodytesdellechiajei and Aplidium aff. Densum). We demonstrated that these molecules took part in the in situdefense of the producer organisms. We then evaluated their antiproliferative activities on sea urchin eggs, pathogenic bacteria and cancerous cells and studied the mode of action
Berlinck, Roberto Gomes de Souza. "Alcaloïdes guanidiniques et autres métabolites secondaires de Crambe crambe Thiele." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209014.
Full textCachet, Nadja. "Métabolites secondaires d'invertébrés marins et biosynthèse in vivo d'alcaloïdes d'Agelas oroides." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4072.
Full textOngoing research of the Marine Natural Products group of the LCMBA (UMR 6001 CNRS-UNSA) focus on the isolation and the characterization of new bioactive metabolites isolated from marine invertebrates (mostly sponges and ch=nidarians). According to the interest of these original compounds, their valorization may concern different fields such as therapeutics, biosu=ynthesis and marine ecology. This manuscript presents our works on the two marine sponfes Pandaros acanthifolium and Angelas oroides, and on the two cnidarians Astroides calycularis and Parazoanthus axinellae. P. Acanthifolium, which has been poorly studied, allowed us to isolate a new family of stereoidal saponins. We also characterized orthidines and a new aplysinopsin, isolated for the first time from A. Calycularis. Finally, we described a new family of alkaloids, isolated from P. Axinellae. Based on the chemical profiles of P. Axinellae, this new family allowed us to distinguish two morphotypes. A. Oroides was selected as a model in the elaboration of a new in vivo biosynthesis protocol of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloids (P2AI). These studies confirm the incorporation of proline in P2AI biosynthetized by A. Oroides
Salmoun, Mostafa. "Contribution à l'étude des métabolites secondaires d'éponges des genres Hyrtios et Haliclona." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211409.
Full textGoudou, Francesca. "Caractérisation de métabolites secondaires isolés des branchies symbiotiques du bivalve Codakia orbicularis." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0105/document.
Full textCodakia orbicularis is a bivalve mollusc belonging to the family Lucinidae and establishing symbiosis with sulfooxidizing bacteria (symbionts) within its gills. In the hypothesis that any symbiosis requires a regulation by molecules of dialogue, an exhaustive chemical study could lead to the demonstration of the metabolites involved. The work of this manuscript focuses on the isolation of secondary metabolites from the gills of this bivalve and on the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the isolated molecules. Twelve compounds were isolated from the gills of Codakia orbicularis and their structures were determined by the usual spectroscopic methods. Of these molecules, only one is new and has been named orbicularisin. It presents an indolone spirotetracyclic skeleton unpublished. Among the isolated molecules, only four of them have antibacterial activity, namely sulfur S8, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and two monoglycerolipids. Orbicularisin has been shown to be inactive against a panel of cancer cell lines and kinases. The new skeleton of orbicularisin could lead to a new family of molecules by organic synthesis and thus increase the molecular diversity around this original motif. It will also be interesting to determine the origin of the isolated molecules and know their involvement (s) in the regulation of the bivalve symbionts. The chemical results obtained on C. orbicularis and on Lucinidae in general are interesting because the coastal species belonging to bivalves have been little exploited in chemistry to date
Ouedraogo, Noufou. "Études phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires de Pterocarpus erinaceus poir (fabaceae)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10094.
Full textPterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of several diseases including diseases inflammatory component in Burkina Faso. The leaves, stem and roots are used as a drug in the treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, ulcer, rheumatism, dysentery, malaria. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical and pharmacological studies on extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this plant to obtain the data for the development of a drug. Phytochemical study has been performed using chromatographic methods (TLC, SPE, CC, VLC, MPLC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR). This study has been leading to isolated 18 molecules including 14 identified namely friedelin, lupeol, epicatechin, rutin, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-sophorosid, kaempferol-3-O-sophorosid, quercetin-3-O-β-glucose, stigmasterol, 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-on, α-sophoradiol, maltol-6-O-apiofuranosideglucopyranoside. The test on acute toxicity showed that the decoction of the leaves (DECFEU), stem (DECEC), roots (DECRA) and methanol extracts of leaves (MeOH K), stem bark (MeOH B) are considered slightly toxic substances according to the toxicity scale of Hodge and Sterner and WHO. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic extracts from the stem bark, leaves and roots have been validated en animal models. The results obtained in vitro test (antioxidant test, tests on the inhibition of the production of cellular TNF α and nitrite, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygénase) showed that the extracts exhibited effects, especially the methanol extract stem bark (MeOH B) which has the best antioxidant power (ARP = 5; TEAC = 9) and the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation (37.25 %) and lipoxygénase (97.69 %). However the methanol extract of leaves (MeOH K) presented strong inhibition at a concentration of 50 μg/mL on the production of TNF α (37.35 % and 30 %) and NO (95 % and 50 %) in the macrophages cultures active by LPS and LPS/INF-γ
Davioud-Charvet, Élisabeth. "Le hairy root : source de métabolites secondaires : la cucumopine : les alcaloi͏̈des indoliques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114830.
Full textBoulanger, Anna. "Recherche de métabolites secondaires marins, d'intêret pharmacologique : étude structurale de cyclodepsipeptides naturels." Perpignan, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PERP0179.
Full textBensemhoun, Julia. "Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires extraits d’organismes marins de l’Océan Indien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30004.
Full textThe Chemists are interested more and more in marine organisms deprived of mechanical protection (shell. . . ) whose survival depends on their capacity to emit repulsive substances, even poisons. Sponges, ascidians and soft corals have produced a wide variety of biologically active (so biomedical interest) and structurally unique metabolites (often with complex structures). Our work concerned essentially the isolation and the identification of secondary metabolites isolated from five marine sponges and one ascidia of Madagascar as well as a soft coral collected in Reunion Island. According to the literature, among the seven marine organisms selected, six had never been studied before. Thus, after extraction and fractionation using various chromatographic methods (exclusion, reverse phase. . . ), we have isolated 20 compounds which have been identified using spectroscopic techniques (NMR, MS…). Among these 20 compounds, 13 are known but first reported in our marine organisms and 7 are new compounds including Ptilomycalin D, an epimer and a diastereoisomer of the Plakortide N, the Flexusines A, B and C, and an epimukulol
Valls, Robert. "Séparation, identification, étude spectroscopique de métabolites secondaires d'algues brunes (Cystoseiracées) : dosage, variations, chimiotaxonomie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30078.
Full textLandoulsi, Ameni. "Etude chimiotaxonomique et activité biologique des métabolites secondaires des plantes du genre Eryngium." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S056/document.
Full textThe genus Eryngium L., (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) comprises more than 250 flowering plant species, which are commonly used as medicinal plants in different countries. Only eight species are growing in Tunisia: E. barrelieri Boiss., E. campestre L., E. dichotomum Desf., E. glomeratum Lamk., E. ilicifolium Lamk., E. maritimum L., E. tricuspidatum L. et E. triquetrum Vahl. These species are used in traditional medicine and there are relatively few papers on the phytochemical investigations of most of them. This study was performed on all Eryngium species growing in Tunisia in order to evaluate their chemical variability using GC-FID and GC-MS analyses and their biological activities, mainly antimicrobial against multiresistant microorganisms and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL), and also phototoxic and cytotoxic effects.All investigated species showed considerable antimicrobial effect with MIC value ranging between 1,25 and 0,07 mg/mL and important cytotoxic activity against J774 tumoral cells with IC50 from 24,4 to 0,32 µg/mL. Phototoxic investigation demonstrated a significant photoactive inhibitory effects against tested pathogenic microorganisms.GC–MS analysis of the most active crude extracts (petroleum ether extracts) revealed their high content of antimicrobial agents particularly oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as spathulenol, ledol, α-bisabolol and cubenol, and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes such as β-bisabolene and copaene; and cytotoxic components such as falcarinol.The chemical investigation and bio-guided isolation of active compounds of the selected crude extract of E. triquetrum roots were performed using column chromatography, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). among purified components, two bioactive polyacetylenes, panaxydiol and falcarinol, showed a great antimicrobial activity mainly against multiresistant and ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value up to 0,25 ng/ml and a mostly bactericidal effect
Mousavi, Mahta. "Isolement de métabolites secondaires & caractérisation de composés bioactifs issus de matrices végétales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0269.
Full textThis study is divided into two parts, the first one is devoted to the implementation of a methodology to isolate secondary metabolites. The second describes the phytochemical properties of powders of vegetal material according to their particle size. In the first part, which is dedicated to the isolation of secondary metabolites by semi-preparative HPLC, setting up the isolation process for hederacoside C and α-hederin was performed using extracts of aerial parts of ivy (Hedera helix L.). The generalization of this isolation process applied to the extracts of aerial parts of st. john's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) lead to successful isolation the hyperoside, which is one of the characteristic flavonoids of st. john's wort. The purpose of this second part is to validate the process of grinding and sieving plant material: CDS « Comminution and to control Diffraction Sieving » under industrial scale to product different granulometric classes of powders. For this purpose, the results of phytochemical analyses of granulometric classes of nine plants from the Lorraine Region obtained by CDS using an industrial pilot are compared with those obtained under laboratory scale. Selected plants are fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), white willow (Salix alba L.), st. john's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), nettle (Urtica dioica L.), goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L.), pilosella (Hieracium Pilosella Vaill.), dog rose (Rosa canina L.), devil's claw (Harpagophytum DC.) and ivy (Hedera helix L.). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity, as well as the analyses carried out by LC-MS, indicate that the production of powders under laboratory scale is generalizable to industrial scale. In addition, for the first time, the application of the CDS process under laboratory scale for four fruits: cherry (Prunus avium L.), peach (Prunus persica L.), damson (Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia L.) and mirabelle (Prunus domestica. subsp. Syriaca) from Lorraine Region shows that CDS is a new dry extraction method to enhance bioactive compound concentrations in particular granulometric classes
Geistodt-Kiener, Aude. "Étude du rôle des métabolites secondaires fongiques dans les interactions plante-agents pathogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASB031.
Full textSecondary metabolites are small molecules produced by plants and micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi. For the vast majority of these metabolites, their functions are unknown, but they probably play key roles in adaptation of the organism to its environment. In plant pathogenic fungi, a large proportion of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) responsible for producing secondary metabolites are induced specifically during plant infection. These metabolites can be toxins that help plant infection (especially in necrotrophic fungi) or may act as effectors to suppress plant immunity (in particular for biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi). The aim of this PhD was to study the role of fungal metabolites in plant-pathogen interactions using two fungal models: Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic fungus that causes the grey mould disease, and Colletotrichum higginsianum, the hemibiotrophic agent of anthracnose disease of Brassicaceae. The main bottleneck is to produce and isolate fungal secondary metabolites from axenic cultures. To overcome this problem, an innovative approach was used based on the heterologous expression of BGCs in yeast. This method consists of introducing into yeast all the genes of a cluster encoding the enzymes required to synthesize the metabolites of interest. In this system, each gene is put under the control of a single promotor in a polycistronic plasmid. The plasmid is then introduced and expressed in an engineered yeast adapted for polyketide or terpene synthesis, depending on the BGC key gene. To validate this approach, the C. higginsianum BGC16, predicted to produce the colletochlorin family of molecules, was expressed in the heterologous system. Yeast expressing BGC16 were cultivated in liquid medium, and metabolites extracted from the supernatant and cell pellet were analyzed by HPLC-MS, revealing that the colletochlorin metabolites were successfully produced. The findings validate that the enzymes encoded by BGC16 are functional in yeast and are responsable for colletochlorin synthesis, and also give new insights into the biosynthetic pathway. In the future, application of this tool to BGCs for which the product is unknown will facilitate the discovery of new molecules and biological activities, providing a better understanding of their role in interactions with the plant host. In a second part, the role of a BGC containing the polyketide synthase BcPKS8 from B. cinerea was explored using a functional approach. This BGC is specifically expressed during the early stage of infection of grape berries and tomatoes. It is conserved in all Botrytis species sequenced to date and in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, as well as numerous other plant-interacting ascomycete fungi. However, the polyketide produced by this BGC is unknown. Its role in the infection process was tested using reverse genetics. Infection assays of null mutants on tomato berries showed the polyketide product is required for full virulence. This mutant was also more sensitive to osmotic stress than the wild-type, suggesting a potential role of the BGC in resistance to this stress. To determine the exact chronology of expression of BcPKS8 during host infection, a reporter strain was made by fusing a gene encoding a fluorescent protein to the promoter of BcPKS8. The reporter gene was specifically induced during the early formation of infection cushions, a multiple appressorium-like structure involved in host penetration. The heterologous expression of the whole gene cluster in yeast has been initiated to determine the structure of the polyketide.This PhD provides tools that should greatly facilitate the study of secondary metabolites of phytopathogenic fungi. It also highlights their important role in plant infection through the concrete example of BGC Bcpks8 of B. cinerea
Le, Goff Géraldine. "Métabolites secondaires microbiens bioactifs : cas particulier des géralcines issues de Streptomyces sp. LMA-545." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0028.
Full textAudoin, Coralie. "Valorisation de métabolites secondaires issus de micro-algues : approches métabolomiques, isolement et caractérisation structurale." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4068.
Full textMicroalgae are present both in Oceans and freshwaters and could include more than 200 000 species. This diversity is a source of original specialized metabolites that can find a large array of applications. Pigments, lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and carotenoids are usual compounds produced by microalgae that have found commercial applications. A global vision of the metabolome of each species has showed promises to highlight the commercial value of this “microdiversity”. We then decided to assess the metabolome of several microalgae species grown at the Greensea company by using HPTLC, NMR and UHPLC-QTOF techniques for a rapid and global overview. A classification of the species according to their metabolomics similarities was obtained after statistics treatment of the data. A second part was dedicated to a phytochemical study of the extracts of selected strains and led to the isolation and characterization of several metabolites. Thus, in addition to known molecules, an original peptide substituted by an isoprenyl moiety and named cumbriamide has been characterized in Lyngbya sp and a first assessment of its therapeutical potential has been undertaken. Glycolipids have been identified as the major metabolites in the extracts of numerous strains and a UHPLC-QTOF method was developed for their identification. Finally, several applications of the metabolomics approaches were considered. Chemotaxonomic studies were first carried out and the influence of growth conditions on the metabolome of Nannochloropsis oculata was observed
Santerre, Anne. "Contribution a la maîtrise des productions de métabolites secondaires de Monascus ruber en fermentation immergée." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0025.
Full textBouque, Virginie. "Étude de la production de métabolites secondaires par des cultures in vitro de Psoralées (leguminosae)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_BOUQUE_V.pdf.
Full textChaabani, Emna. "Eco-extraction et valorisation des métabolites primaires et secondaires des différentes parties de Pistacia lentiscus." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0714.
Full textThe development of Green chemistry, the depletion of petroleum resources and the awareness of the risks associated to the use of petroleum solvents have led to search a new alternatives to reduce the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research of alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment for the eco-extraction of fatty acids and phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus fruits and aromas from these leaves. A first in silico approach using the COSMO-RS predictions was supplemented by an experimental approach paired with chemometrics analysis. This led to selection of four alternative solvents, MeTHF for oil extraction, EtOAc for aromas extraction, EtOH/H2O (70/30) for polyphenols and flavonoids extraction and EtOH/H2O (80/20) for anthocyanins extraction. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of MeTHF lipid extract and the antioxidant activity of aromatic and phenolic extracts of P. lentiscus were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that vegetable oil exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% the release of (nitric oxide) NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, results highlighted the richness of the fruits in antioxidants. In fact, EtOH/H2O (80/20) extract showed a good antiradical activity (IC50 = 2.39 μg/ml) comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox (IC50 = 2.56 μg / ml). In addition, the aromatic extract obtained with EtOAc showed an interesting anti-radical activity against DPPH (IC50 = 5.82 μg/ml)
Bardon, Clément. "Inhibition biologique de la dénitrification (BDI) par des métabolites secondaires du complexe d’espèces Fallopia spp." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10308/document.
Full textNitrogen is often considered as the first limiting factor of plant growth (Vitousek & Howarth, 1991a; LeBauer & Treseder, 2008). Thus studies on plant-driven microbial functioning and selection by secondary metabolites have mostly focused on the effect of plant on the nitrogen (N) cycle (Chapman et al., 2006). Some plants can inhibit the nitrification and the nitrogen mineralization processes in soils through the release of secondary metabolites (Subbarao et al., 2009; Dietz et al., 2013; Heumann et al., 2013). However, while denitrification is considered as a major way of N losses in soils (25-90%) (van der Salm et al., 2007; Radersma & Smit, 2011), the denitrification inhibition by plant secondary metabolites was never demonstrated. However, it has been observed several times that the denitrification in soils near some species was reduced. The invasive complex species Fallopia spp. was shown to reduce denitrification in soils without affecting principal factors known to control this process (Dassonville et al 2011). Our, results demonstrate for the first time, that plants (here Fallopia spp.) can inhibit denitrification through the release of B-type procyanidins that induce physiological changes in denitrifying bacteria under anaerobic conditions. These compounds affect specifically the membrane-bound NO3-reductase through conformational changes. Less sensitive soils denitrifying communities may be selected in soils previously exposed to Fallopia spp. Our finding provides new insight into plant-soil interactions and improves our understanding of plants abilities to shape microbial soil functioning
Fontaine, Kévin. "Production de métabolites secondaires chez Penicillium roqueforti : incidence des facteurs abiotiques et évaluation de l'innocuité." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0009.
Full textP. roqueforti is a mould associated with silage and food contamination but also used as a ripening culture for the production of blue-veined cheese. Moreover, this species is also known for its potential to produce secondary metabolites. These metabolites can have a positive impact (e.g. aromas) or a negative impact (e.g. mycotoxins, including roquefortine C -ROQC- and mycophenolic acid -MPA-). In the framework of this work, we first studied the occurrence of MPA, ROQC and aflatoxin M1 (the only regulated mycotoxin in dairy products) within an 86 blue-veined cheese collection (representing 15 countries). Aflatoxin contents were always below the method detection limit. For MPA and ROQC, concentrations were highly variable and a co-occurrence of both mycotoxins was observed in 51% of the tested samples. Then, the toxicity of the 2 mycotoxins was established on various cell models (intestinal and monocytic). Mono-exposure studies allowed IC50 determination. Moreover, a synergistic effect was observed on Caco-2 cells when MPA and ROQC were used for co-exposure at the highest tested concentrations. While an apoptotic mechanism was observed at early THP-1 exposure stages (3 and 6h), no apoptose occurred for Caco-2 cells after 24 h of mono or co-exposure. Finally, a study of the biotic and abiotic factors potentially modulating P. roqueforti MPA and ROQC production was performed. Mycotoxigenic potential evaluation of 96 de P. roqueforti strains highlighted that a cheese-agar medium (mimicking cheese physico-chemical composition) was less favourable than the synthetic YES medium for mycotoxin production. A large variability in terms of mycotoxin production was also observed among the tested strains. Besides, while a significant effect of the temperature (12°C) and NaCl (8%) and O2 (5%) concentrations was observed on ROQC and MPA production, no significant effect of pH and ROQC amino-acid precursor addition could be detected on the production of both mycotoxins
Mesguiche, Véronique. "Synthèse de l'acide 7-méthoxy-dodéc-4-énoi͏̈que extrait de la cyanobactérie Lyngbya majuscula. Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres Bifurcaria et Cystoseira." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30088.
Full textJarrin, Cyrille. "Approches métagénomiques pour l'analyse des diversités génétique et chimique de métabolites secondaires : étude des PKS de type 1 d'origine bactérienne." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10225.
Full textVelosaotsy, Nambinina Eliezer. "Etude de lipides d'éponges marines – phospholipides, acides gras, stérols : identification et évaluation pharmacologique de métabolites secondaires." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=84562f0d-796d-4b14-8c67-ff5412cfe4a2.
Full textThe lipid composition : phospholipid fatty acids and sterol composition were studied in nine sponges from the Red Sea (Chalinula saudiensis, Cinachyrella alloclada, C. Kükenthali, Stylissa carteri), the Atlantic Ocean (Axinyssa djiferi, Geodia sp. , Trikentrion laeve), the Pacific Ocean (Myrmekioderma dendyi), and from the Mediterranean Sea (Aaptos papillata). GC-MS was the principal technique to identify the lipidic structures as methyl esters, N-acyl pyrrolidides, and steryl acetates. About twenty delta 5,9 fatty acids were observed in this study, including brominated ones. In some sponges, several 2-hydroxy fatty acids, and branched saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were identified. Sterols were found common in these sponges, with 26 to 31 carbon atoms, apart from the sponges Stylissa that contained mainly a series of A-nor-sterols. One of the two secondary metabolites One of the two identified secondary metabolites showed a neurostatic activity (tested against diptera larves)
Boivin, Catherine. "Etude génétique chez Rhizobium meliloti du catabolisme des calystégines et de la trigonelline, métabolites secondaires végétaux." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30071.
Full textVille, Alexia. "Métabolites secondaires et analogues hémisynthétiques en série vitaminique E : Obtention et évaluation du potentiel anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0062.
Full textMany studies highlighted the biological potential of tocotrienols (T3), a vitamin E subfamily, especially in the field of cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation. A phytochemical study, previously conducted at SONAS, led to the isolation and characterization of δ-amplexichromanol (δ-AC) as the main and original secondary metabolite from Garcinia amplexicaulis barks (dichloromethane extract) along with other oxidized T3 analogs such as δ-garcinoic acid (δ-GA). A pharmacophore based virtual screening of these derivatives against various anti-inflammatory targets showed that this class of T3 analogs could be considered as potential 5-LOX inhibitors. It was confirmed by in vitro assays when δ-AC and δ-GA were evaluated as inhibitors of purified 5-LOX, or in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We then decided to carry on our study to further understand the original mode of action of these metabolites while optimizing the anti-inflammatory properties of the first hits. Such approach requires large amounts of tocotrienolic derivatives. However, usual natural sources of T3 provide complex mixtures involving particularly challenging purification processes. Thus, this work aim at designing efficient semisynthesis towards pharmacologically relevant T3 derivatives were developed from -GA, the main T3 derivative isolated from Garcinia kola nuts, a renewable and easily available vegetal source. Moreover, pharmacomodulation of the tocotrienolic backbone relied on preliminary docking studies and then required the development of various synthetic strategies to access original vitamin E analogs as potential 5-LOX inhibitors
Sorres, Jonathan. "Isolement de métabolites secondaires d’invertébrés marins – Synthèse de dérivés hybrides dispacamide / 3-alkylpyridine et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112305.
Full textThe work described in this thesis deals with the isolation of new metabolites from marine invertebrates in one hand, and with the synthesis of antifouling and kinase inhibitors hybrid molecules inspired from dispacamide and 3-alkylpyridine scaffolds. Spectroscopic methods and chemical modifications were used for structural determination. The new compounds were biologically evaluated.Three new compounds of the norcembranoid diterpenes were isolated from the Soft Coral Sinularia vanderlandi. The relative configurations of these metabolites were determined and a chemical link was established between these diterpenes.The investigation of the marine Sponge Pipestela candelabra has conducted to the isolation of nine new metabolites, four phospholipids and five new jaspamide congeners including pipestelides A-C and 5-hydroperoxy-jasplakinolides Ca et Cb. Hemisynthesis were conducted from the jaspamide, together with spectroscopic analysis to confirm the structures of the peroxidated compounds.Two new derivatives of benzosceptrine were isolated from a partial study of the marine Sponge Stylissa carteri.The synthesis part of this work described the access to dispacamide / 3-alkylpyridine derivatives. Three hybrids were synthetized and biological evaluation are in progress, particularly for antifouling activities. Structural aspects were also studied by the synthesis of other derivatives
Merza, Joumaa. "Étude phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires isolés de deux Clusiaceae néo-calédoniennes : Garcinia virgata et Garcinia vieillardii." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0504.
Full textA phytochemical study of two New Caledonian plants Garcinia virgata and Garcinia vieillardii (Clusiaceae) led to isolate and identified of over 22 different secondary metabolites among which, xanthones, bixanthones, benzophenones, ð-tocotrienols, derivative of δ-tocotrienols and one anthraquinon were identified. 7 of these natural products are new ones. The biological interest of these compounds was then evaluated: antioxidant, antiproteolytic, antifungal, antileishmanial, anticancer, inhibition of PGP and inhibition of protein kinas
Alkhatib, Racha. "Etude phytochimique et activité cytotoxique des métabolites secondaires de Ferula elaeochytris Korovin et Ferula lycia Boiss (Apiacées)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520891.
Full textBourdat-Deschamps, Marjolaine. "Optimisation de la séparation de métabolites secondaires issus de plantes à l'aide de techniques innovantes (CPC,OPLC)." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114807.
Full textGabant, Marion. "Etudes des métabolites secondaires d'éponges marines de la famille des axinéllidae et réactivité oxydative des dicétopiperazines pyrroliques." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112351.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript deals with the exhaustive isolation of marine metabolites from four marine sponges and reactivity studies of pyrrolic diketopiperazines. Next to nineteen known products, including petrosynol from Petrosia (strongylophora) mauritiana, palythine from Ptilocaulis spiculifera and cyclo (Pro-Arg) from Axinella polypoides, we have isolated twenty new compounds. Several groups of metabolites including ptilosteroids from Ptilocaulis spiculifera, glycolipids from Dragmacidon durissima and diketopiperazines from Axinella polypoides were found. The later diketopiperazines are structurally and chemically related to the C11N5/C11N4 pyrrole-2-imidazoles through the central precursor dispacamide A. The oxidative mechanism involved in the transformation of diketopiperazines into P-2-AI was studied. It revealed that a nucleophile like guanidine reacts on the oxidized diketopiperazines. The studies of the mechanism of the reaction enabled us to optimize the biomimetic synthesis of debromodispacamide A and to use this reactivity in the preparation of other derivatives. This research work allowed us to discover several new original compounds and to deepen the hypothetic mechanism proposed in our laboratory. It showed an extremely interesting correlation of the diketopiperazines oxidation and the chemilumunescence of the reaction with the biomimetic synthesis of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole derivatives
Amiot, Justin. "Thymus vulgaris, un cas de polymorphisme chimique pour comprendre l'écologie évolutive des composés secondaires." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0011.
Full textIntraspecific variation in plant secondary compound production provides an excellent model to study the multiple ecological functions of these compounds. Thymus vulgaris presents no less than six different chemotypes. Ln southern France, around the St-Martin-de-Londres basin, these chemotypes show a marked spatial segregation of phenolic and non-phenolic morphs. During this thesis, we examined the following themes : 1. The spatial segregation of chemotypes takes place on different scales. We thus asked whether the abiotic environment causes performance variation among chemotypes, th us influencing their distribution. 2. Do the chemotypes differ in the tolerance of exceptional freezing events ? 3. The degradation of the litter originating from T. Vulgaris may influence germination and survival of its own seedlings. Could an autoallelopathy mechanism in this species contribute to maintain spatial segregation at the population scale? 4. Finally, we studied the interaction between chemotypes and a poorly-known gall-making specialized diptera: Janetiella thymicola. Our results suggest that secondary compounds play a leading role in the choice of host plant. Furthermore, this study opens interesting perspectives on costs induced by this host-parasite relationship. The results presented here underline the ecological importance of secondary compounds, and not only as a defense mechanism against herbivores. Taking part in multiple biotic and abiotic interactions, secondary compounds can have a major influence on the spatial distribution of the species which produces them
Albert, Vincent. "Synthèse de métabolites secondaires d'importance biomédicinale : synthèse totale de terpénoïdes linéaires et polycycliques et construction d'hétérocycles oxygénés asymétriquement substitués." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28255.
Full textCes travaux concernent la synthèse totale de produit naturels d’importance biologique qui ont pu être effectués par le développement et l’application de méthodologies pour la construction d’hétérocycles oxygénés et azotés. Premièrement, nos travaux sur la synthèse de métabolites secondaires appartenant à la famille des furanoterpénoïdes linéaires sont décrits. La première synthèse du furospongolide, un inhibiteur d’origine marine de HIF-1, a été accomplie en 8 étapes linéaires à partir de l’acétate de géranyle. Les étapes clés impliquées sont une réaction de couplage croisé sp³-sp³ de Schlosser ainsi qu’une alkynylation de Sonogashira du β-bromobuténolide. La première synthèse du furanosesterterpène antimicrobien 22-déoxyvariabilin ainsi que la détermination de sa configuration absolue sont également décrites. Les étapes clés consistent en l’emploi de réactions de couplages sp³-sp³ séquentielles de Schlosser ainsi que l’application de notre méthode pour l’installation du fragment (Z)-γ-ylidène-buténolide. Nos efforts sur les produits naturels apparentés variabilin et déhydrofurodentin soulignent le besoin de développer de nouvelles stratégies synthétiques. Par la suite, deux synthèses divergentes de plusieurs dérivés de l’anhydride maléique isolés du champignon Antrodia camphorata sont démontrées. La première synthèse de l’antrocinnamomin D ainsi qu’une nouvelle synthèse des antrodins A et B ont été accomplies efficacement en 6-8 étapes. Les étapes clés incluent un couplage croisé sp²-sp³ catalysé au fer de Fürstner-Kochi et l’oxyfonctionnalisation d’un 2-silyloxyfurane. De plus, une synthèse biomimétique simple et efficace des anhydrides maléiques et des maléimides d’Antrodia est présentée. L’étape clé consiste en une condensation de type Perkin effectuée dans des conditions exceptionnellement douces. Par ailleurs, le γ-hydroxy-β-sulfanylbuténolide naturel cépanolide ainsi qu’une série d’analogues ont été synthétisés régiosélectivement par la combinaison d’une oxyfonctionnalisation d’un 2-silyloxyfurane et d’une addition thia-Michael/élimination en tandem. Finalement, une synthèse énantiosélective efficace de l’antrocin, provenant également d’Antrodia camphorata, est décrite. Notre stratégie synthétique impliquait l’utilisation du sclaréolide comme synthon chiral de départ et une fonctionnalisation C-H à distance par une réaction de Barton. De plus, nos progrès récents envers la synthèse des amomaxins A et B sont représentés. Les transformations clés incluent la déconstruction séquentielle du sclaréolide par l’emploi d’une fragmentation de Grob et la fabrication du carbocycle à 9 membres par métathèse de fermeture de cycle.
This work concerns the total synthesis of natural products of biological importance which were achieved by the development and application of methodologies for the construction of oxygen and nitrogen containing heterocycles. First, our work on the synthesis of structurally similar metabolites of the linear furanoterpenoids family is described. The first synthesis of the marine HIF-1 inhibitor furospongolide has been achieved in 8 linear steps from geranyl acetate. The key steps involved were a Schlosser sp³-sp³ cross-coupling reaction and a Sonogashira alkynylation of β-bromobutenolide. The first synthesis of the antimicrobial furanosesterterpene 22-deoxyvariabilin and the determination of its absolute configuration are also described. Its assembly was carried out using sequential sp³-sp³ Schlosser cross-coupling reactions and our methodology for the installation of the (Z)-γ-ylidenebutenolide moiety. Our efforts towards the synthesis of the closely related natural products, namely variabilin and dehydrofurodentin, underline the need for the development of new synthetic strategies. Then, the divergent synthesis of many related maleic anhydride derivatives isolated from the rare fungus Antrodia camphorata are outlined. The first synthesis of antrocinnamomin D and a new synthesis of antrodins A and B have been achieved in 6-8 steps and high overall efficiency. Key steps include a Fürstner-Kochi iron-catalyzed sp²-sp³ cross-coupling and a 2-silyloxyfuran oxyfunctionalization. Moreover, a simple and efficient biomimetic synthesis of Antrodia maleimides and maleic anhydrides is described. The key step is a Perkin-type condensation performed under exceptionally mild conditions. Additionally, the naturally occurring γ-hydroxy-β-sulfanylbutenolide cepanolide and a range of new analogues were synthesized in a concise, regiospecific manner through the combined use of 2-silyloxyfuran oxyfunctionalization and tandem thio-Michael addition/elimination. Finally, an efficient enantioselective synthesis of antrocin, another Antrodia camphorata metabolite, is described. Our synthetic strategy involved the use of sclareolide as a chiral synthon in conjunction with a remote C-H functionnalization using the Barton reaction. Furthermore, our recent progress towards the total synthesis of the amomaxins A and B is represented. Key transformations include the controlled deconstruction of sclareolide employing a Grob fragmentation strategy and a ring-closing metathesis to form the 9-membered carbocycle.
Belkacem, Mohamed Amine. "Identification chimique de métabolites secondaires de certains microorganismes, évaluation de leur effet dans les domaines pharmaceutiques et agronomiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30293/document.
Full textIn this thesis entitled " Chemical identification of secondary metabolites from microorganism, evaluation of their effects on pharmaceutical and agronomic fields ", we are interested in studying the effect of culture conditions on the production of microbial volatiles organic compounds by two bacteria that inhabit French soil which are: Burkholderia sp. and Bacillus megaterium. From different prepared extracts, more than one hundred compounds were identified, including diketopiperazine, alcohols, sulfur containing compounds, esters and carboxylic acids, by means of several chemical, analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Results showed that culture conditions of different bacteria are the mainly responsible of production of different blend of volatiles. Many identified compounds including N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, triacontane, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, (E)-5-chloro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one and 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-octadecylcyclohexane are reported for the first time from bacteria.Biologically, we have shown that obtained results are greatly influenced by the cultures conditions used in cultivation of tested bacteria. In addition to that, we have shown that Burkholderia sp. extracts possessed a very good allelopathic potential. Finally, a series new protested deketopiperazine derivatives have been prepared and evaluated in vitro against xanthine oxidase, a-amylase and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, OVCAR, MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. Some of these molecules have been shown to be potent inhibitors of a-amylase and different cancer cell lines
Mazmouz, Rabia. "L' étude de la biosynthèse de trois métabolites secondaires chez Oscillatoria PCC 6506 : cylindrospermopsine, anatoxine-a et cyanobatines." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077073.
Full textCyanobacteria, photosynthetic procaryotes colonizing most of the environments, produce a wide range of secondary metabolites among which of toxins for the Man and the animals. It is now recognized that the presence of cyanotoxins in the environment represents a risk for the health. The team is particularly interested in the cyanobacteria of the genus Oscillatoria which are producing of cyanotoxins. Thanks to the sequencing of the genome of Oscillatoria PCC 6506, toxin biosynthesis clusters of genes were identified : cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a. During my PhD, I worked by varied approaches going of the genomics, the biochemistry, the molecular biology to the analytical chemistry in the molecular characterization of the cluster of genes cyr of cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis, in the production of this toxin by the genus Oscillatoria and in the study of a step of the biosynthesis. Secondly, 1 worked to the characterization of proteins called polyketides synthases proteins (PKS), involved in anatoxin-a biosynthesis. To characterize the last step of the biosynthesis, I cloned and expressed the anaG gene at E, coli and in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803. The genome annotation showed the presence of several other biosynthesis clusters of genes of secondary metabolites which one coding for the biosynthesis of ribosomal peptides called cyanobactins. I cloned ocy genes present in Oscillatoria PCC 6506 and expressed and purified corresponding proteins to identify the sequences of cyanobactins produced by Oscillatoria PCC 6506
Aknin, Maurice. "Etude des acides gras, stérols et métabolites secondaires de quelques chlorophycées, rhodophycées et phaeophycées de la côte sénégalaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30055.
Full textFouchard, Samuel. "Influence des conditions de culture sur la composition membranaire et la production de métabolites secondaires chez les bactéries." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0803.
Full textDuring this work, two series of analyses were carried out in parallel to control the influence of environmental factors on Pseudomonasfluorescens. The first one has consisted in controlling that phospholipid fatty acids profile of the bacterial membrane is closely related to the culture conditions of the bacterium. In the second part, the bacterial secondary metabolism was investigated. These two series of analyses have showed similarities concerning the influence of the culture conditions on the fatty acids composition and the metabolites production. Indeed, in both cases, a statistical analysis has showed that the growth phase and the culture temperature are the prevalent factors. This suggests there is a link between the fatty acids profile of the membrane and the secondary metabolites production. This link seems to be expressed through membrane proteins whose activity is affected by the variations of phospholipid fatty acids composition
Castro, Dionicio Inés. "Caractérisation des métabolites secondaires responsables de l'activité anti-Helicobacter pylori d'une plante médicinale péruvienne Cordia lutea Lam. (Boraginaceae)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30059.
Full textCordia lutea Lam. (Flor de Overo) is a plant used in Peruvian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis and kidney pain. Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the flowers of this medicinal plant on the basis of bioassay-guided fractionation. Ten of these compounds (cordiasecosides A-J), represent the first examples of 9,10-seco-29-norcycloartane glycosides. Their structures were determined by the application of NMR and MS data analysis together with X-ray crystallographic analyses. These compounds showed significant in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, and no activity against Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Significant activity was observed for cordiasecosides E and F against Staphylococcus aureus. All compounds displayed weak cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells. The in vitro antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities of cordiasecosides A -F were also evaluated. This research work also includes the isolation of two compounds previously described in the literature: isorinic acid and quercetin 3-robinobioside. Finally, the botanical and chemical study of different batches of plant material purchased from different markets was also carried out, with the aim of assessing the variability of the drug and proposing ways to control its quality
Navarri, Marion. "Métabolites secondaires de champignons de sédiments marins profonds : criblages génétique et fonctionnel et caractérisation structurale de molécules antimicrobiennes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0127/document.
Full textThe spreading of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms jeopardizes global health caresystem. To counteract this threat the renewal of antibiotic molecules is a global priority. Antibioticcompounds are mainly originated from microorganisms, so microorganisms and their secondarymetabolites received an increasing interest. The search for new natural antimicrobial compoundsfrom microorganisms gained untapped ecosystems as marine biosphere.We investigated the antimicrobial properties of a fungal collection. The 183 fungal isolateswere collected from deep subseafloor sediment and isolated between 4 and 1,884 meters belowthe seafloor. Secondary metabolites production potential was studied for all isolates in thecollection by screening genes coding PolyKetide Synthase (PKS), Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase(NRPS), TerPene Synthase (TPS) and hybrid PKS-NRPS. After isolates dereplication according to theirMSP-PCR fingerprinting, an antimicrobial screening was performed for 110 isolates, highlighting ahigh proportion of filamentous fungi with antimicrobial properties (32%).After extraction and bio-guided fractionation bioactive metabolites isolated from 3 strains,were characterized in a structural and functional manner: O. griseum UBOCC-A-114129 producedfuscin, dihydrofuscin, secofuscin and dihydrosecofuscine, P. bialowiezense UBOCC-A-114097synthetized mycophenolic acid and Penicillium sp. UBOCC-A-114109 produced rugulosin.In the meantime, LC-HRMS analysis, performed on fungal extracts, showed a great proportionof metabolites not detected in interrogated databases. So, deep subseafloor fungi, represent anuntapped reservoir of original structures to explore
Gadzovska, Sonja. "Production de métabolites secondaires par les cultures de cellules et de tissus d'Hypericum perforatum L : effets de divers facteurs exogènes." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2005.
Full textSouza, Rodrigues Alice Maria de. "Analyse et valorisation bioinspirée des métabolites secondaires à l'origine de la durabilité naturelle des bois exploités de Guyane française." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0348.
Full textCommercial forest in French Guiana focuces on few local species known for their high natural durability, therefore endangering exploited populations renewal. Natural durability is the intrinsic wood resistance to biodegradation ; it is linked, among others, to the presence of extractible compounds that are not linked to the lihnocelluloses matrix. In this context nineteen species capable of producing a biodegradation resistant wood have been extracted and the fungicite and termicide eight extracts have been evaluated. These preliminary results motivated the choice of eight extracts obtained from eight different species. The capability of these extracts for protecting non-durable woods was evaluated for woods exposed to risk factors (fungi and termites). Extracts from Bagassa guianensis, Tabebuia serratifolia, Qualea rosea and Sextonia rubra were the most efficient against fungal degradation, and the last cited was also active against termites. Fractionation of S. Rubra wood extract allowed us to identify two active compounds, rubrenolide and rubrynolide, each being responsible for the antifungal and the termicide antivity of the extract, respectively. In the same way, it was possible to identify sativane, maackiain, medicarpin, biochanin A, bolusantin IV, dihydroformononetin and liquiritigenin from Andira surinamensis wood ethyl acetate extract. The first five compounds presented promising antifungal activities, especially against yeasts Candida albicans, C. Glabrata and C. Parapsilisis
Gros, Emmanuelle. "Isolement, identification et synthèse biomimétique de métabolites secondaires issus d'invertébrés marins de la zone sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0005/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this interdisciplinary thesis was to study Biemna laboutei, a sponge from Madagascar, known to have toxic properties (dermatitis-producing). The chemical investigation of this sponge including extraction, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites was first undertaken using several chromatographic (HPLC, MPLC…) and spectroscopic (UV-visible, HRMS, NMR 1D et 2D…) techniques. Eighteen alkaloids belonging to the rare class of tricyclic (5,6,8b)-triazaperhydroacenaphtylene heterocycles (i.e. ptilocaulins, mirabilins, netamines) were isolated and identified. Twelve new alkaloids from this group of guanidine derivatives were named netamine H-S. These compounds were grouped on the basis of unsaturation and double bond regiochemistry, with pyrimidine, Δ8,8a and Δ8a,8b heterocycles. For two compounds, netamine I (58) and J (59), a joint theoretical (Density functional theory) and experimental study of UV and ECD spectra allowed the determination of their absolute configuration: 5aS, 7R, 8R for netamine I and 5aS, 7R, 8S for netamine J. The chemotaxonomic meaning of these alkaloids was discussed. Their biological activities were also evaluated. Netamine M (62) exhibited a cytotoxic activity towards KB cells (IC50 = 1,0 μg/mL) while netamine O (64), Q (66) and K (60) were active against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 value of 4,66; 2,53 and 0,62 μg/mL respectively. Finally, this work was also dedicated to the biomimetic synthesis of the tricyclic guanidine skeleton. Three new synthesis routes were explored
Chevalier, Mickaël. "Mise en place d’un workflow d’identification de microorganismes et de leurs métabolites secondaires d’origine non ribosomique par spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R049/document.
Full textWe have chosen to carry out a Workflow allowing the incrimination, the discrimination and the identification of known or unknown nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) in a philosophy oriented towards the screening of new active compounds. This combination of analytical methods begins with the identification of the microorganism by a phenotypic profiling method by mass spectrometry (MS). Then, we chose to combine for the first time an iterative calculation method and the information contained in the database, Norine, dedicated to NRPs. This combination allowed us to determine the nonribosomal peptide elemental composition from HRMS data combined with a vector mesh linking the different Norine NRPs and the chemical formulas. We also illustrate that on the one hand this method demonstrated from the MS data can be extrapolated to the MS / MS fragmentation data and that on the other hand it is of interest for the dereplication of NRPs but also the structural characterization of new compounds for applications especially in the health and plant health sectors. The workflow performance will be illustrated by the identification of lipopeptides produced by Pseudomonas strains. These lipopeptides are particularly interesting because they are compounds with potential applications in biocontrol
Hay, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Métabolites secondaires isolés de deux plantes néo-calédoniennes, Calophyllum Caledonicum Vieill. Et Garcinia Vieillardii P. : étude chimique et valorisation biologique." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0503.
Full textA phytochemical study of two neocaledonian Clusiaceae : Calophyllum caledonicum and Garcinia vieillardii led to the isolation and the structural identification of 40 secondary metabolites. This compounds mainly belong to the xanthones or the chromanes acids series. Among them, a majority of xanthones and some acids derived from chromanone were identified. Eight of those natural compounds present an original structure. The biological activities of either the crude extracts or the pure compounds have been evaluated - antifungal, antiproteasic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antileishmanial and/or antioxidant - and showed significant results. Indeed, Pancixanthone B and 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone isolated from the stem bark of G. Vieillardii showed a leishmanicidal activity towards the growth of promastigotes as well as amastigotes, while some acids isolated from C. Caledonicum exhibit an inhibitory and decoupling activity of the respiratory chain of mitochondria isolated from pea seeds
Dubin, Guy-Marie. "Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires phytotoxiques de Stereum hirsutum, un des champignons responsables d'une maladie de la vigne, l'esca." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2285.
Full textCampos, Pierre-Éric. "Biodiversité des invertébrés marins : de l'isolement à la modélisation moléculaire de métabolites secondaires pour la découverte de nouveaux candidats médicaments." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0007/document.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript concerns the chemical study of four sponges from Madagascar: Monanchora unguiculata, Amphimedon sp., Aulospongus gardineri and Biemna laboutei. For the first three sponges, the study was devoted to the extraction, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites by various chromatographic (MPLC, HPLC…) and spectroscopic (UV, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR…) techniques. Fitfteen secondary metabolites including guanidine alkaloids, bromotyrosin derivated, N-acylethanolamines and polyynes were isolated from these sponges. Eight are new molecules. The biological activities of the isolated compounds were then evaluated. Two of them, fromiamycalin (M70) and ptilomycalin F (MU7) showed a very good antimalarial activity and four of them, fromiamycalin (M70) and ptilomycalins E (MU6), G (MU8) and H (MU9) a promising cytotoxicity against KB cells. The study of the last sponge, Biemna laboutei, was performed on molecules already isolated in the LCSNSA. This work included the determination of the relative configuration of nine guanidine alkaloids by using the DP4+ probability. The relative configuration of seven molecules was confirmed. Three of them, netamines G (E8), P (E17) and R (E19) were selected for a study by molecular modeling to determine their absolute configuration by comparison of their experimental Electronic Circular Dichroism spectrum with a calculated spectrum
Valette, Marine. "Gènes et métabolites végétaux marqueurs de l'association riz-bactérie phytobénéfique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1064.
Full textBesides, a common metabolomic signature of nine compounds was highlighted, with the reduced accumulation of three alkylresorcinols and increased accumulation of two hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA), identified as N-p-coumaroylputrescine and N-feruloylputrescine. This coincided with the increased transcription of two genes involved in the N-feruloylputrescine biosynthetic pathway. Interestingly, exposure to a rice bacterial pathogen triggered a reduced accumulation of these HCAA in roots. Accumulation of HCAA, that are potential antimicrobial compounds, might be considered as a primary reaction of rice to bacterial perception
Pakora, Gilles Alex. "Biocontrôle de la pourriture brune du cacaoyer par trois isolats de Trichoderma, étude des métabolites secondaires actifs et de leur biotransformation." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066255.
Full textThe pod rot of cocoa caused by Phytophthora species is responsible for over 40% of cocoa losses in the world. Chemical control has its limitations, therefore the researches has been directed towards the biocontrol of the disease. In Côte-d'Ivoire, the first world cocoa producer, studies allowed to select and identify three isolates of Trichoderma (T. Virens T7, T. Harzianum and T. Asperellum T54 T40) as antagonists of the growth of Phytophthora palmivora. The chemical study of these three Trichoderma isolates led to the isolation and production of fourteen molecules. Among them one has a unique structure, trichoderonic acid C, and two others, viridin and gliovirin produced in large quantities, exhibit inhibitory activity against P. Palmivora. Viridin shows inhibitory activity against germinating zoospores of P. Palmivora strains and gliovirin is active against the mycelial growth of Phytophthora strains. The biotransformation studies of viridin showed its detoxification by its reduction into viridiol by many microorganisms. However, this product is phytotoxic and its formation may be a limit to the implementation of the biocontrol using isolates of Trichoderma. Finally, among the reducing strains, the bacterium Rhodococcus globerolus convert viridin in a non-selective manner to give viridiol and 3-epi-viridiol
Popovici, Jean. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la spécificité de la symbiose Frankia-Myrica gale : nature et rôles des métabolites secondaires de la plante-hôtes." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10239.
Full textThe molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment and the specificity of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis associating Frankia genus bacteria and actinorhizal plants are still unknown. The plant model chosen, Myrica gale, allows, due to its original symbiotic specificity compared to other Myricaceae species, to compare compatible and incompatible interactions. This work focused on the role of the host plant secondary metabolites in the symbiotic specificity. Two approaches were developed in this work: 1 the purification, identification and study of the effect of seed-exudated compounds on the physiology of compatible and incompatible Frankia strains (growth, nitrogen fixation and gene expression) and 2 the effect of the inoculation of compatible and incompatible Frankia strains on the root phenolic metabolism of the host-plant. The results of this work show the involvement of the host-plant secondary metabolites and particularly dihydrochalcones, in the symbiotic interaction with Frankia
Collemare, Jérôme. "Communication entre les plantes et leurs agents pathogènes : rôle des métabolites secondaires dans la reconnaissance du champignon Magnaporthe grisea par le riz." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112043.
Full textThe Ascomycete Magnaporthe grisea is responsible for a dramatic disease on rice worldwide, called blast. Interactions between M. Grisea and rice involve fungal avirulence genes and corresponding plant resistance genes, defining gene-for-gene relationships. The avirulence gene ACE1 encodes for a hybrid polyketide synthase – non ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) involved in the biosynthesis of a polyketide thought to be the avirulence signal recognized by the rice Pi33 resistance gene. This new gene-for-gene model has to be validated by characterizing this secondary metabolite. The ACE1 locus is comprised of 15 genes that encode for putative secondary metabolism proteins. In addition to ACE1, this locus contains another PKS-NRPS encoding gene, SYN2, two enoyl reductases encoding genes RAP1 and RAP2, and the gene BC2, which encodes for a putative Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear zinc finger transcription factor. All 15 genes display the same penetration specific expression pattern, defining a secondary metabolism gene cluster. Involvement of these genes in the avirulence of M. Grisea was assessed using reverse genetics strategies. ∆syn2 deletion mutants are still avirulent towards Pi33 resistant rice cultivars. Since obtaining RAP1 and RAP2 deletion or disruption mutants remained unsuccessful, we constructed the Guy11-Dku80 strain, in which the KU80 gene involved in non-homologous end joining was deleted. Gene replacement in this strain reaches 60 to 98% at all the targeted loci but the ACE1 locus. So only two ∆rap2 disrupted mutants were obtained, which are still avirulent. RNA interference to silence RAP1, RAP2 and BC2 genes did not result in virulent transformants. Altogether, these results suggest that only ACE1 is required for recognition by rice. ACE1 expression is connected to the initiation of the penetration of M. Grisea in the plant tissues. Several approaches were carried out to identify regulation networks and inducing signals involved in ACE1 appressorium specific expression. The bZIP-like transcription factor Bip1, involved in M. Grisea pathogenicity, was showed to be required for appressorium specific expression of the gene cluster ACE1. Deletion experiments and Bip1 binding assays identified putative transcription factors binding sites in the ACE1 promoter. The transcription factor Bc2, which is encoded by a gene located within the ACE1 cluster, could also be required for this appressorium specific expression. Thus, several transcription factors should be involved in the complex regulation of the ACE1 gene cluster expression. Our results did not reveal any permissive condition to the expression of this cluster in mycelia and subsequent large scale production of the metabolite recognized by rice resistant cultivars. Next, we initiated the constitutive expression of ACE1 in M. Grisea, which requires the characterization of the wild type strain Guy11 metabolome. Secondary metabolites produced in vitro by Guy11 mycelium were extracted and their LC/MS analysis identified about twenty putative secondary metabolites that are partially characterized. This reference map will facilitate the analysis of secondary metabolites produced by ACE1 constitutively expressing transformants, which are under construction
Svilar, Ljubica. "Elucidation de la structure des métabolites secondaires d'Hypoxylon fragiforme par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution et réactions ions-molécules en phase gazeuse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836214.
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