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1

Qi, Hang, and Chunlei Liu. "Metacontrol Regulates Creative Thinking: An EEG Complexity Analysis Based on Multiscale Entropy." Brain Sciences 14, no. 11 (2024): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14111094.

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Previous studies have shown that creative thinking is associated with metacontrol, but its neural basis is unknown. The present study explored the neural basis of both by assessing EEG complexity through multiscale entropy. Subjects were engaged in a metacontrol task and an Alternative Uses Task, grouped according to task performance, and the EEG was analysed by multiscale entropy. The results showed that EEG complexity was significantly higher in the high-metacontrol and high-creativity groups than in the low-metacontrol and low-creativity groups, respectively, at high time scales. The metaco
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Mekern, Vera N., Zsuzsika Sjoerds, and Bernhard Hommel. "How metacontrol biases and adaptivity impact performance in cognitive search tasks." Cognition 182 (January 1, 2019): 251–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.001.

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Cognitive control requires a balance between persistence and flexibility. We studied inter- and intraindividual differences in the metacontrol bias towards persistence or flexibility in cognitive search tasks from various cognitive domains that require continuous switching between persistence and flexibility. For each task, clustering and switching scores were derived to assess persistence and flexibility, respectively, as well as a total performance score to reflect general performance. We compared two, not mutually exclusive accounts according to which the balance between clustering and
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Zuo, Zhaoyu, Lizhuang Yang, and Hai Li. "Structural knowledge error, rather than reward insensitivity, explains the reduced metacontrol in aging." JUSTC 53, no. 12 (2023): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.52396/justc-2023-0132.

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Humans flexibly adjust their reliance on model-free (habitual) and model-based (goal-directed) strategies according to cost‒benefit trade-offs, the ability of which is known as metacontrol. Recent studies have suggested that older adults show reduced flexibility in metacontrol. However, whether the metacontrol deficit in aging is due to cognitive or motivational factors remains ambiguous. The present study investigated this issue using pupillometry recording and a sequential decision-making task with varied task structures and reward stakes. Our results revealed that older adults performed les
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Hommel, Bernhard, and Lorenza S. Colzato. "Meditation and Metacontrol." Journal of Cognitive Enhancement 1, no. 2 (2017): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41465-017-0017-4.

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5

Hommel, Bernhard, and Lorenza S. Colzato. "Meditation and Metacontrol." Journal of Cognitive Enhancement 1, no. 2 (2017): 115–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-017-0017-4.

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In addition to longer-term engagement in meditation, the past years have seen an increasing interest in the impact of single bouts of meditation on cognition. In this hypothesis and theory article, we adopt the distinction between focused-attention meditation (FAM) and open-monitoring meditation (OMM) and argue that these different types of meditation have different, to some degree, opposite impact on cognitive processes. We discuss evidence suggesting that single bouts of FAM and OMM are sufficient to bias cognitive control styles towards more versus less top-down control, respectively. We co
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Liu, Chunlei, Yuhong Lin, Chaoqun Ye, Jiaqin Yang, and Wenguang He. "Alpha ERS-ERD Pattern during Divergent and Convergent Thinking Depends on Individual Differences on Metacontrol." Journal of Intelligence 11, no. 4 (2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040074.

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The role of metacontrol in creativity is theoretically assumed, but experimental evidence is still lacking. In this study, we investigated how metacontrol affects creativity from the perspective of individual differences. Sixty participants completed the metacontrol task, which was used to divide participants into a high-metacontrol group (HMC) versus a low (LMC) group. Then, these participants performed the alternate uses task (AUT; divergent thinking) and the remote associates test (RAT; convergent thinking), while their EEG results were recorded continuously. Regarding their behavior, the H
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Mariusdottir, Thorey, Vadim Bulitko, and Matthew Brown. "Maximizing Flow as a Metacontrol in Angband." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 11, no. 1 (2021): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v11i1.12801.

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Flow is a psychological state that is reported to improve people’s performance. Flow can emerge when the person’s skills and the challenges of their activity match. This paper applies this concept to artificial intelligence agents. We equip a decision-making agent with a metacontrol policy that guides the agent to activities where the agent’s skills match the activity difficulty. Consequently, we expect the agent’s performance to improve. We implement and evaluate this approach in the role-playing game of Angband.
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Wang, Xi, Xianzhen Zhou, Christian Beste, and Bernhard Hommel. "Neurophysiological cross-task similarities between metacontrol states." Journal of Vision 24, no. 10 (2024): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.24.10.382.

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9

Sanz, Ricardo, M. Guadalupe Sánchez-Escribano, and Carlos Herrera. "A model of emotion as patterned metacontrol." Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 4 (April 2013): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bica.2013.02.001.

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10

Kool, Wouter, Samuel J. Gershman, and Fiery A. Cushman. "Planning Complexity Registers as a Cost in Metacontrol." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 10 (2018): 1391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01263.

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Decision-making algorithms face a basic tradeoff between accuracy and effort (i.e., computational demands). It is widely agreed that humans can choose between multiple decision-making processes that embody different solutions to this tradeoff: Some are computationally cheap but inaccurate, whereas others are computationally expensive but accurate. Recent progress in understanding this tradeoff has been catalyzed by formalizing it in terms of model-free (i.e., habitual) versus model-based (i.e., planning) approaches to reinforcement learning. Intuitively, if two tasks offer the same rewards for
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11

Aguado, Esther, Zorana Milosevic, Carlos Hernández, et al. "Functional Self-Awareness and Metacontrol for Underwater Robot Autonomy." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041210.

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Autonomous systems are expected to maintain a dependable operation without human intervention. They are intended to fulfill the mission for which they were deployed, properly handling the disturbances that may affect them. Underwater robots, such as the UX-1 mine explorer developed in the UNEXMIN project, are paradigmatic examples of this need. Underwater robots are affected by both external and internal disturbances that hamper their capability for autonomous operation. Long-term autonomy requires not only the capability of perceiving and properly acting in open environments but also a suffic
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12

Han, Qing-Long. "Editorial: Secure and Safe MetaControl for Cyber Physical Systems." IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 10, no. 12 (2023): 2177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2023.124014.

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13

Schlüter, Caroline, Larissa Arning, Christoph Fraenz, et al. "Genetic variation in dopamine availability modulates the self-reported level of action control in a sex-dependent manner." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 7 (2019): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz049.

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Abstract Although procrastination is a widespread phenomenon with significant influence on our personal and professional life, its genetic foundation is somewhat unknown. An important factor that influences our ability to tackle specific goals directly instead of putting them off is our ability to initiate cognitive, motivational and emotional control mechanisms, so-called metacontrol. These metacontrol mechanisms have been frequently related to dopaminergic signaling. To gain deeper insight into the genetic components of procrastination, we examined whether genetically induced differences in
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14

Beinstein, Jorge. "La ilusión del metacontrol imperial del caos y el neofascismo." Estudios Latinoamericanos, no. 47-48 (December 10, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484946e.2021.47-48.83343.

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A manera de homenaje, en este espacio ofrecemos dos profundos ensayos de Jorge Beinstein, de ahí el nombre que hemos elegido para presentarlos en este número de Estudios Latinoamericanos. Ambos escritos dan cuenta de lo que el autor denomina “la ilusión del metacontrol imperial del caos” en tiempos de la peor fase de la relación entre capitalismo y decadencia, para exponerla como fundamento de la tendencia contemporánea al neofascismo mundial. Periodiza la compleja relación entre la economía y el sistema militar de Estado Unidos, contrastando lo que se conoce como “keynesianismo militar” o “ec
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Wang, Xi, Nasibeh Talebi, Xianzhen Zhou, Bernhard Hommel, and Christian Beste. "Neurophysiological dynamics of metacontrol states: EEG insights into conflict regulation." NeuroImage 302 (November 2024): 120915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120915.

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Zhou, Xianzhen, Foroogh Ghorbani, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Astrid Prochnow, and Christian Beste. "Metacontrol instructions lead to adult-like event segmentation in adolescents." Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 72 (April 2025): 101521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101521.

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17

Adam, Ruth, and Onur Güntürkün. "When One Hemisphere Takes Control: Metacontrol in Pigeons (Columba livia)." PLoS ONE 4, no. 4 (2009): e5307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005307.

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18

Kavcic, Voyko, Ruiming Fei, Suwei Hu, and Robert W. Doty. "Hemispheric interaction, metacontrol, and mnemonic processing in split-brain macaques." Behavioural Brain Research 111, no. 1-2 (2000): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00141-8.

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19

van Elsas, Jan Dirk, Rodrigo Costa, Janet Jansson, et al. "The metagenomics of disease-suppressive soils – experiences from the METACONTROL project." Trends in Biotechnology 26, no. 11 (2008): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.07.004.

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20

Ma, Ke, and Bernhard Hommel. "Metacontrol and body ownership: divergent thinking increases the virtual hand illusion." Psychological Research 84, no. 1 (2018): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-0976-9.

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21

Lima, Felipe Souza, Victor Manuel Cunha Alves, and Antonio Carlos Brandao Araujo. "Metacontrol: A Python based application for self-optimizing control using metamodels." Computers & Chemical Engineering 140 (September 2020): 106979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106979.

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22

Mekern, Vera N., Zsuzsika Sjoerds, and Bernhard Hommel. "How metacontrol biases and adaptivity impact performance in cognitive search tasks." Cognition 182 (January 2019): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.001.

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23

Zink, Nicolas, Wiebke Bensmann, Larissa Arning, Lorenza S. Colzato, Ann-Kathrin Stock, and Christian Beste. "The Role of DRD1 and DRD2 Receptors for Response Selection Under Varying Complexity Levels: Implications for Metacontrol Processes." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 22, no. 12 (2019): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz024.

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Abstract Background Highly complex tasks generally benefit from increases in cognitive control, which has been linked to dopamine. Yet, the same amount of control may actually be detrimental in tasks with low complexity so that the task-dependent allocation of cognitive control resources (also known as “metacontrol”) is key to expedient and adaptive behavior in various contexts. Methods Given that dopamine D1 and D2 receptors have been suggested to exert opposing effects on cognitive control, we investigated the impact of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DRD1 (rs4532) and DRD2 (rs6277)
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24

Yoshizaki, Kazuhito, and Takeshi Hatta. "Hemispheric metacontrol of a mental addition task in right- and left-handers." Journal of Human Environmental Studies 1, no. 2 (2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4189/shes.1.2_1.

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25

Zhang, Weitao, Zsuzsika Sjoerds, and Bernhard Hommel. "Metacontrol of human creativity: The neurocognitive mechanisms of convergent and divergent thinking." NeuroImage 210 (April 2020): 116572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116572.

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26

Hellige, Joseph B., and Chikashi Michimata. "Visual laterality for letter comparison: Effects of stimulus factors, response factors, and metacontrol." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 27, no. 5 (1989): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03334650.

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27

Dunn, Bruce, Denise Dunn, David Andrews, and Marlin L. Languis. "Metacontrol: A Cognitive Model of Brain Functioning for Psychophysiological Study of Complex Learning." Educational Psychologist 27, no. 4 (1992): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2704_4.

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28

Hellige, Joseph B., Jon E. Jonsson, and Chikashi Michimata. "Processing from LVF, RVF and BILATERAL presentations: Examinations of metacontrol and interhemispheric interaction." Brain and Cognition 7, no. 1 (1988): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2626(88)90020-6.

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29

Urgesi, Cosimo, Emanuela Bricolo, and Salvatore M. Aglioti. "Hemispheric metacontrol and cerebral dominance in healthy individuals investigated by means of chimeric faces." Cognitive Brain Research 24, no. 3 (2005): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.03.005.

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30

Hommel, Bernhard, and Reinout W. Wiers. "Towards a unitary approach to human action control." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21, no. 12 (2017): 940–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.09.009.

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From its academic beginnings the theory of human action control has distinguished between endogenously driven, intentional action and exogenously driven, habitual, or automatic action. We challenge this dual-route model and argue that attempts to provide clear-cut and straightforward criteria to distinguish between intentional and automatic action have systematically failed. Specifically, we show that there is no evidence for intention-independent action, and that attempts to use the criterion of reward sensitivity and rationality to differentiate between intentional and automatic action are c
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Davis, Darryl N., and Vijayakumar Maragal Venkatamuni. "A "Society of Mind" Cognitive Architecture Based on the Principles of Artificial Economics." International Journal of Artificial Life Research 1, no. 1 (2010): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jalr.2010102104.

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This research investigates the concept of mind as a control system using the “Society of Agents” metaphor, whereby the whole is described as the collective behavior of simple and intelligent agents. This powerful concept for mind research benefits from the use of metacognition, and eases the development of a self configurable computational model. A six tiered SMCA (Society of Mind Cognitive Architecture) control model is designed that relies on a society of agents operating using metrics associated with the principles of artificial economics in animal cognition. Qualities such as level of deci
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Hommel, Bernhard. "Representing Oneself and Others." Experimental Psychology 65, no. 6 (2018): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000433.

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Abstract. Human beings are assumed to own a concept of their self, but it remains a mystery how they represent themselves and others. I shall develop a theoretical framework, inspired by the Theory of Event Coding, of how people represent themselves and others, how and under which circumstances these two kinds of representations interact and what consequences this has. In a nutshell, I shall argue that self- and other-representations can overlap to the degree that they share features, that the shared features are particularly relevant or salient, and that the individual is under a particular m
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Pérez, Carlos Herrera, and Ricardo Sanz. "Emotion as Morphofunctionality." Artificial Life 19, no. 1 (2013): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00086.

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We argue for a morphofunctional approach to emotion modeling that can also aid the design of adaptive embodied systems. By morphofunctionality we target the online change in both structure and function of a system, and relate it to the notion of physiology and emotion in animals. Besides the biological intuition that emotions serve the function of preparing the body, we investigate the control requirements that any morphofunctional autonomous system must face. We argue that changes in morphology modify the dynamics of the system, thus forming a variable structure system (VSS). We introduce som
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Hommel, Bernhard. "Representing Oneself and Others: An Event-Coding Approach." Experimental Psychology 65, no. 6 (2019): 323–31. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000433.

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Human beings are assumed to own a concept of their self, but it remains a mystery how they represent themselves and others. I shall develop a theoretical framework, inspired by the Theory of Event Coding, of how people represent themselves and others, how and under which circumstances these two kinds of representations interact and what consequences this has. In a nutshell, I shall argue that self- and other-representations can overlap to the degree that they share features, that the shared features are particularly relevant or salient, and that the individual is under a particular metacontrol
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Hommel, Bernhard, and Lorenza S. Colzato. "The social transmission of metacontrol policies: Mechanisms underlying the interpersonal transfer of persistence and flexibility." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 81 (October 2017): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.009.

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36

Immink, Maarten A., Lorenza S. Colzato, Marije Stolte, and Bernhard Hommel. "Sequence Learning Enhancement Following Single-Session Meditation Is Dependent on Metacontrol Mode and Experienced Effort." Journal of Cognitive Enhancement 1, no. 2 (2017): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41465-017-0019-2.

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37

Belkaid, Marwen, Nicolas Cuperlier, and Philippe Gaussier. "Emotional metacontrol of attention: Top-down modulation of sensorimotor processes in a robotic visual search task." PLOS ONE 12, no. 9 (2017): e0184960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184960.

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38

Jason, Gregor W., and Eva M. Pajurkova. "Failure of Metacontrol: Breakdown in Behavioural Unity After Lesion of the Corpus Callosum and Inferomedial Frontal Lobes." Cortex 28, no. 2 (1992): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80052-4.

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39

Hänninen, R., and T. Mäkinen. "Failure of bodily metacontrol: Three hands and three legs or only half of body. A longitudinal study." International Journal of Psychophysiology 25, no. 1 (1997): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(97)85458-x.

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40

Wang, Fei-Yue. "The DAO to MetaControl for MetaSystems in Metaverses: The System of Parallel Control Systems for Knowledge Automation and Control Intelligence in CPSS." IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 9, no. 11 (2022): 1899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2022.106022.

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41

Prochazkova, Luisa, Dominique P. Lippelt, Lorenza S. Colzato, Martin Kuchar, Zsuzsika Sjoerds, and Bernhard Hommel. "Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting." Psychopharmacology 235, no. 12 (2018): 3401–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5049-7.

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Taking microdoses (a mere fraction of normal doses) of psychedelic substances, such as truffles, recently gained popularity, as it allegedly has multiple beneficial effects including creativity and problem-solving performance, potentially through targeting serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and promoting cognitive flexibility, crucial to creative thinking. Nevertheless, enhancing effects of microdosing remain anecdotal, and in the absence of quantitative research on microdosing psychedelics, it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions on that matter. Here, our main aim was to quantitatively exp
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Ullrich, Sarah, Lorenza S. Colzato, Nicole Wolff, and Christian Beste. "Short-term Focused Attention Meditation Restricts the Retrieval of Stimulus-Response Bindings to Relevant Information." Mindfulness 12, no. 5 (2021): 1272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01599-4.

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Abstract Objectives Goal-direct actions require integrating processing of stimuli and responses, which is why close stimulus-response bindings have to be created. However, the strength of these bindings can be modified. The metacontrol state model (MSM) hypothesizes that this can be achieved through mindfulness meditation. Yet, the cognitive processes underlying possible effects of meditation on S-R bindings remain unexplored. Methods We examined the effects of a brief bout of focused attention (FA) meditation on S-R bindings using a standard event file task measuring S-R bindings. This was do
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Antsukh, G., T. Kutsenko, D. Nasiedkin, and A. Pohrebna. "Study of interhemispheric interaction by the indices of event-related potentials." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 81, no. 2 (2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2020.81.21-25.

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The study used a combined Stroop test involving a spatial feature. Stimuli (the words "green", "red", "blue" and "yellow", written in relevant or irrelevant color) were presented to the right or left of the center of the screen. In the case of coincidence of the color of the word and its semantic meaning, it was necessary to press the button with the ipsilateral hand (answer "yes", congruent stimulus), discrepancies – with the contralateral hand (answer "no", incongruent stimulus). According to the results obtained earlier, it was suggested that it is easier to transfer information from the le
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Ershadmanesh, Sara, Sahar Rajabi, Reza Rostami, Rani Moran, and Peter Dayan. "Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic modulation of meta-cognition and meta-control." PLOS Computational Biology 21, no. 2 (2025): e1012675. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012675.

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Humans and animals use multiple control systems for decision-making. This involvement is subject to meta-cognitive regulation – as a form of control over control or meta-control. However, the nature of this meta-control is unclear. For instance, Model-based (MB) control may be boosted when decision-makers generally lack confidence as it is more statistically efficient; or it may be suppressed, since the MB controller can correctly assess its own unreliability. Since control and metacontrol are themselves subject to the influence of neuromodulators, we examined the effects of perturbing the nor
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van Gigch, John P. "The World Wide Web cannot ignore accepted legal and ethical standards in the name of uncontrolled freedom*." Human Systems Management 19, no. 3 (2000): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2000-19307.

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Every day, a new problem attributable to the World Wide Web's lack of formal structure and/or organization is made public. What arguably could be presented as one of its main strengths, is rapidly turning out to be one of its most flagrant weaknesses. The intent of this article is to show that the World Wide Web's insistence in remaining free from outside regulation and interference may be counter-productive. The World Wide Web (also known as the Internet and/or Cyberspace) is growing by leaps and bounds. It is entering uncharted territory. While doing so, it must recognize that trampling at w
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Kang, Moon Sun, and Chiu Yu-Chin. "Well under control: Control demand changes are sufficient for metacontrol." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (December 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032304.

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Metacontrol arises from the efficient retrieval of cognitive control by environmental cues that are predictive of the upcoming control demands. Previous studies have demonstrated that proactive and reactive metacontrol can be indexed by a list-wide switch probability (LWSP) and an item-specific switch probability (ISSP) effect, respectively. However, what triggers metacontrol in the first place has not been clearly articulated. While a “mere-experience” hypothesis attributes metacontrol to changes in control demands, an “affective-signaling” hypothesis suggests that high control demands are av
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47

Bolenz, Florian, Maxine F. Profitt, Fabian Stechbarth, Ben Eppinger, and Alexander Strobel. "Need for cognition does not account for individual differences in metacontrol of decision making." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12341-y.

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AbstractHumans show metacontrol of decision making, that is they adapt their reliance on decision-making strategies toward situational differences such as differences in reward magnitude. Specifically, when higher rewards are at stake, individuals increase reliance on a more accurate but cognitively effortful strategy. We investigated whether the personality trait Need for Cognition (NFC) explains individual differences in metacontrol. Based on findings of cognitive effort expenditure in executive functions, we expected more metacontrol in individuals low in NFC. In two independent studies, me
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48

Gao, Yang, Anna Helin Koyun, Ann‐Kathrin Stock, et al. "Catecholaminergic Modulation of Metacontrol Is Reflected in Aperiodic EEG Activity and Predicted by Baseline GABA+ and Glx Concentrations." Human Brain Mapping 46, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70173.

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ABSTRACTThe ability to balance between being persistent versus flexible during cognitive control is referred to as “metacontrol” and reflected in the exponent of aperiodic neural activity. Theoretical considerations suggest that metacontrol is affected by the interplay of the GABAergic, glutamatergic, and catecholaminergic systems. Moreover, evidence suggests that fronto‐striatal structures play an important role. Yet, the nexus between neurobiochemistry and structural neuroanatomy when it comes to the foundations of metacontrol is not understood. To examine this, we investigated how an experi
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Zhang, Chenyan, Christian Beste, Luisa Prochazkova, et al. "Resting-state BOLD signal variability is associated with individual differences in metacontrol." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21703-5.

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AbstractNumerous studies demonstrate that moment-to-moment neural variability is behaviorally relevant and beneficial for tasks and behaviors requiring cognitive flexibility. However, it remains unclear whether the positive effect of neural variability also holds for cognitive persistence. Moreover, different brain variability measures have been used in previous studies, yet comparisons between them are lacking. In the current study, we examined the association between resting-state BOLD signal variability and two metacontrol policies (i.e., persistence vs. flexibility). Brain variability was
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Yu-Chin, Chiu, and Corey A. Nack. "Escaping the Metacontrol See-saw: Dissociating Metacontrol via Top-down Modulation." Collabra: Psychology 11, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.130894.

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Abstract:
Cognitive flexibility involves switching between tasks, while cognitive stability involves maintaining focus on a task and resisting distractions. Traditionally, these constructs are seen as endpoints on a spectrum with a trade-off: improvements in one lead to reductions in the other. However, empirical evidence of this trade-off has been sporadic, especially in studies that measure each construct separately. To address this, we employed a cued task-switching paradigm where successful performance requires flexible switching between rules while also maintaining focus on the relevant rule and ig
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