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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal-Air Batteries'

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1

JACOBY, MITCH. "RECHARGEABLE METAL-AIR BATTERIES." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 47 (November 22, 2010): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen111710100120.

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2

Milikić, Jadranka, Ana Nastasić, Marta Martins, César A. C. Sequeira, and Biljana Šljukić. "Air Cathodes and Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Aqueous Metal–Air Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080394.

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One of the most popular solutions for electrochemical energy storage is metal−air batteries, which could be employed in electric vehicles or grid energy storage. Metal–air batteries have a higher theoretical energy density than lithium-ion batteries. The crucial components for the best performance of batteries are the air cathode electrocatalysts and corresponding electrolytes. Herein, we present several of the latest studies on electrocatalysts for air cathodes and bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for aqueous zinc–air and aluminium–air batteries.
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3

Olabi, Abdul Ghani, Enas Taha Sayed, Tabbi Wilberforce, Aisha Jamal, Abdul Hai Alami, Khaled Elsaid, Shek Mohammod Atiqure Rahman, Sheikh Khaleduzzaman Shah, and Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. "Metal-Air Batteries—A Review." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 7373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217373.

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Metal–air batteries are a promising technology that could be used in several applications, from portable devices to large-scale energy storage applications. This work is a comprehensive review of the recent progress made in metal-air batteries MABs. It covers the theoretical considerations and mechanisms of MABs, electrochemical performance, and the progress made in the development of different structures of MABs. The operational concepts and recent developments in MABs are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on innovative materials design and cell structures. The classical research on traditional MABs was chosen and contrasted with metal–air flow systems, demonstrating the merits associated with the latter in terms of achieving higher energy density and efficiency, along with stability. Furthermore, the recent applications of MABs were discussed. Finally, a broad overview of challenges/opportunities and potential directions for commercializing this technology is carefully discussed. The primary focus of this investigation is to present a concise summary and to establish future directions in the development of MABs from traditional static to advanced flow technologies. A systematic analysis of this subject from a material and chemistry standpoint is presented as well.
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4

Namaeighasemi, Arash, John Staser, and Damilola Daramola. "Materials for Metal-Air Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-02183mtgabs.

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5

Staser, John, Omar Movil, Damilola Daramola, and Arash Namaeighasemi. "Materials for Metal-Air Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 26 (May 30, 2021): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-0126940mtgabs.

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6

Dong, Qi, and Dunwei Wang. "Catalysts in metal–air batteries." MRS Communications 8, no. 02 (April 12, 2018): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.59.

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7

Mathialagan, Kowsalya, Saranya T, Ammu Surendran, Ditty Dixon, Nishanthi S.T., and Aiswarya Bhaskar. "(Digital Presentation) Development of Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Electrically Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024403mtgabs.

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Zinc-air battery is a promising battery system as it possesses high theoretical energy density and is cost-effective3. The theoretical energy density of a Zinc-air battery is 1086 Wh kg-1, which is five times greater than that of lithium-ion batteries2. Moreover, zinc metal is one of the most abundant metals in the earth’s crust and is inexpensive. Rechargeable metal-air batteries operate based on two fundamental electrochemical reactions as Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) during discharge and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) during recharge processes, respectively3. Electrocatalytic activity of the bifunctional electrocatalyst towards these two oxygen reactions will decide the performance of the battery1. Recent advancements in catalyst development are the fabrication of rechargeable air electrodes using a single active material that is capable of bifunctionally catalyzing ORR and OER3. The development of bifunctional catalysts with high activity is necessary for rechargeable metal-air batteries, such as zinc-air batteries3. In this work, a perovskite-type LaFeO3 material was synthesized using a citric acid-assisted sol-gel method and is investigated as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Structural studies using X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of phase pure LaFeO3 in space group Pbnm. This catalyst displayed considerable bifunctional catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction (0.74 V vs. RHE) and oxygen evolution reactions (0.40 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm-2) in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries assembled using LaFeO3 as the oxygen electrocatalyst deliver a specific capacity of 936.38 mAh g( Zn) -1 after the 1st discharge. Further details will be discussed in the poster. Financial support from Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India under research grant number DST/TMD/MECSP/2K17/20 is gratefully acknowledged. References: [01] Y. Li, M. Gong, et. al., Nature communications, 4, (2013), 1-7 [02] P. Gu, M. Zheng, et. al., Journal of Material Chemistry, (2017), 1-17 [03] D. U. Lee, P. Xu, et. al., Journal of Material Chemistry, 4, (2016), 7107-7134
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8

Lee, Jang-Soo, Sun Tai Kim, Ruiguo Cao, Nam-Soon Choi, Meilin Liu, Kyu Tae Lee, and Jaephil Cho. "Metal-Air Batteries: Metal-Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li-Air versus Zn-Air (Adv. Energy Mater. 1/2011)." Advanced Energy Materials 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2010): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201190001.

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9

Peng, Xinwen, Tingzhen Li, Linxin Zhong, and Jun Lu. "Flexible metal–air batteries: An overview." SmartMat 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1044.

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10

Hardwick, Laurence J., and Carlos Ponce de León. "Rechargeable Multi-Valent Metal-Air Batteries." Johnson Matthey Technology Review 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651318x696729.

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11

Cho, Jaephil. "Metal-Air and Redox Flow Batteries." ChemPlusChem 80, no. 2 (February 2015): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201402381.

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12

Dai, Liming, Chunyi Zhi, and Xinliang Feng. "Bifunctional Catalysts for Metal‐Air Batteries." Batteries & Supercaps 2, no. 4 (April 2019): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/batt.201900048.

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13

Ocon, Joey D., Jin Won Kim, Graniel Harne A. Abrenica, Jae Kwang Lee, and Jaeyoung Lee. "Quasi-perpetual discharge behaviour in p-type Ge–air batteries." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 41 (2014): 22487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02134g.

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A semiconductor–air battery, powered by a flat p-type Ge anode, exhibits an unprecedented full discharge energy capacity and anode utilization efficiency relative to commercial metal–air batteries, and new metal–air batteries using 3D, nanostructured, and porous metal anodes.
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14

Tsehaye, Misgina Tilahun, Fannie Alloin, and Cristina Iojoiu. "Prospects for Anion-Exchange Membranes in Alkali Metal–Air Batteries." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244702.

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Rechargeable alkali metal–air batteries have enormous potential in energy storage applications due to their high energy densities, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Membrane separators determine the performance and economic viability of these batteries. Usually, porous membrane separators taken from lithium-based batteries are used. Moreover, composite and cation-exchange membranes have been tested. However, crossover of unwanted species (such as zincate ions in zinc–air flow batteries) and/or low hydroxide ions conductivity are major issues to be overcome. On the other hand, state-of-art anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) have been applied to meet the current challenges with regard to rechargeable zinc–air batteries, which have received the most attention among alkali metal–air batteries. The recent advances and remaining challenges of AEMs for these batteries are critically discussed in this review. Correlation between the properties of the AEMs and performance and cyclability of the batteries is discussed. Finally, strategies for overcoming the remaining challenges and future outlooks on the topic are briefly provided. We believe this paper will play a significant role in promoting R&D on developing suitable AEMs with potential applications in alkali metal–air flow batteries.
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15

Zhao, Xuan, Yun Hui Gong, Xue Li, Nan Sheng Xu, and Kevin Huang. "Research Progress of a New Solid Oxide Metal-Air Redox Battery for Advanced Energy Storage." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1667.

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This paper reviews the research progress of a new class of solid oxide metal-air redox batteries for advanced energy storage. This new type of battery is comprised of a reversible solid oxide fuel cell and pair of metal/metal-oxide redox couple. This all solid-state battery has a great potential to surpass the conventional metal-air batteries and redox flow batteries in performance and cost. The paper first discusses the working principle and key features of the new battery, followed by the theoretical analysis of various metal-air chemistries. Finally, two examples of solid oxide metal-air chemistries operated at 550°C are given to demonstrate the promising performance of this innovative battery.
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16

Sumboja, Afriyanti, Xiaoming Ge, Yun Zong, and Zhaolin Liu. "Progress in development of flexible metal–air batteries." Functional Materials Letters 09, no. 02 (April 2016): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604716300012.

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Flexible electronics has gained great interest in emerging wearable or rolling-up gadgets, such as foldable displays, electronic papers, and other personal multimedia devices. Subsequently, there is a need to develop energy storage devices that are pliable, inexpensive, and lightweight. Metal–air batteries have been identified as one of alternative energy storages for cost effective and high energy density applications. They offer cheaper production cost and higher energy density than most of the currently available battery technologies. Thus, they are promising candidates for flexible energy storage devices. Flexible metal–air batteries have to maintain their performances during various mechanical deformations. To date, efforts have been focused on fabricating flexible components for metal–air batteries. This review presents a brief introduction to the field, followed by progress on development of flexible electrolytes, electrodes, and prototype devices. Challenges and outlook towards the practical use of metal–air batteries are given in the last part.
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17

Sawai, Keijiro, and Yu-Suke Maeda. "Platinum-free Air Cathode Catalyst for Metal/Air Batteries." ECS Transactions 3, no. 42 (December 21, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2838190.

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18

Wang, Chunlian, Yongchao Yu, Jiajia Niu, Yaxuan Liu, Denzel Bridges, Xianqiang Liu, Joshi Pooran, Yuefei Zhang, and Anming Hu. "Recent Progress of Metal–Air Batteries—A Mini Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142787.

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With the ever-increasing demand for power sources of high energy density and stability for emergent electrical vehicles and portable electronic devices, rechargeable batteries (such as lithium-ion batteries, fuel batteries, and metal–air batteries) have attracted extensive interests. Among the emerging battery technologies, metal–air batteries (MABs) are under intense research and development focus due to their high theoretical energy density and high level of safety. Although significant progress has been achieved in improving battery performance in the past decade, there are still numerous technical challenges to overcome for commercialization. Herein, this mini-review summarizes major issues vital to MABs, including progress on packaging and crucial manufacturing technologies for cathode, anode, and electrolyte. Future trends and prospects of advanced MABs by additive manufacturing and nanoengineering are also discussed.
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19

Das, Shyamal K., Sampson Lau, and Lynden A. Archer. "Sodium–oxygen batteries: a new class of metal–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, no. 32 (June 27, 2014): 12623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02176b.

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20

Phuc, Nguyen Huu Huy, Tran Anh Tu, Luu Cam Loc, Cao Xuan Viet, Pham Thi Thuy Phuong, Nguyen Tri, and Le Van Thang. "A Review of Bifunctional Catalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries." Nanoenergy Advances 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 13–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv3010003.

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Zinc–air batteries are promising candidates as stationary power sources because of their high specific energy density, high volumetric energy density, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The oxygen-related reactions at the air electrode are kinetically slow; thus, the air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst is the most critical component, and inevitably determines the performance of a Zn–air battery. The aim of this paper was to document progress in researching bifunctional catalysts for Zn–air batteries. The catalysts are divided into several categories: noble metal, metal nanoparticle (single and bimetallic), multicomponent nanoparticle, metal chalcogenide, metal oxide, layered double hydroxide, and non-metal materials. Finally, the battery performance is compared and discussed.
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21

Ponnada, Sreekanth, Bhagirath Saini, Rahul Singhal, and Rakesh K. Sharma. "(Digital Presentation) Intercalated Layered TaSi2N4 Electrodes of Zn–Air Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02122mtgabs.

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Metal–air batteries have attracted significant attention due to their excellent advantage of high-energy-density metal anodes with air cathodes. The development of structurally stable materials has been a great challenge for Zn-air batteries. Layered 2D materials provide unique opportunities due to their facial synthesis and structural stability. In this presentation, we demonstrate intercalated architecture TaSi2N4 layered material for cathode and anode of Zn–air batteries. The mechanistic aspects of Zn storage will be shown. These van der Waals materials undergo a phase during Zn loading. Interestingly, TaSi2N4 surface shows the two-electron mechanism of oxygen reduction. These layered materials will create new possibilities for the development of unique electrodes of Zn–air batteries.
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22

Zhang, Lijuan, and Zhang Lin. "Higher-voltage asymmetric-electrolyte metal-air batteries." Joule 5, no. 6 (June 2021): 1325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.019.

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23

Van der Ven, Anton, Brian Puchala, and Takeshi Nagase. "Ti- and Zr-based metal-air batteries." Journal of Power Sources 242 (November 2013): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.074.

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24

Wang, Hao-Fan, and Qiang Xu. "Materials Design for Rechargeable Metal-Air Batteries." Matter 1, no. 3 (September 2019): 565–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.05.008.

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25

Liu, Qianfeng, Zhefei Pan, Erdong Wang, Liang An, and Gongquan Sun. "Aqueous metal-air batteries: Fundamentals and applications." Energy Storage Materials 27 (May 2020): 478–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.12.011.

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26

Ha, Seongmin, Jae-Kwang Kim, Aram Choi, Youngsik Kim, and Kyu Tae Lee. "Sodium-Metal Halide and Sodium-Air Batteries." ChemPhysChem 15, no. 10 (June 20, 2014): 1971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201402215.

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27

Yang, Qingyun, Yanjin Liu, Hong Ou, Xueyi Li, Xiaoming Lin, Akif Zeb, and Lei Hu. "Fe-Based metal–organic frameworks as functional materials for battery applications." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 9, no. 5 (2022): 827–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qi01396c.

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This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the development and application of pristine Fe-MOFs in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, metal–air batteries and lithium–sulfur batteries.
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28

Sun, Jia, Ning Wang, Zhaozhong Qiu, Lixin Xing, and Lei Du. "Recent Progress of Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Electrode in Zn-Air Batteries: A Mini Review." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080843.

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play crucial roles in energy conversion and storage devices. Particularly, the bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts are core components in rechargeable metal–air batteries, which have shown great promise in achieving "carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality" goals. However, the sluggish ORR and OER kinetics at the oxygen cathode significantly hinder the performance of metal–air batteries. Although noble metal-based catalysts have been widely employed in accelerating the kinetics and improving the bifunctionality, their scarcity and high cost have limited their deployment in the market. In this review, we will discuss the ORR and OER mechanisms, propose the principles for bifunctional electrocatalysts design, and present the recent progress of the state-of-the-art bifunctional catalysts, with the focus on non-noble metal-based materials to replace the noble metal catalysts in Zn–air batteries. The perspectives for the future R&D of bifunctional electrocatalysts will be provided toward high-performance Zn–air batteries at the end of this paper.
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29

Weinrich, Henning, Yasin Emre Durmus, Hermann Tempel, Hans Kungl, and Rüdiger-A. Eichel. "Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132134.

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Metal-air batteries provide a most promising battery technology given their outstanding potential energy densities, which are desirable for both stationary and mobile applications in a “beyond lithium-ion” battery market. Silicon- and iron-air batteries underwent less research and development compared to lithium- and zinc-air batteries. Nevertheless, in the recent past, the two also-ran battery systems made considerable progress and attracted rising research interest due to the excellent resource-efficiency of silicon and iron. Silicon and iron are among the top five of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust, which ensures almost infinite material supply of the anode materials, even for large scale applications. Furthermore, primary silicon-air batteries are set to provide one of the highest energy densities among all types of batteries, while iron-air batteries are frequently considered as a highly rechargeable system with decent performance characteristics. Considering fundamental aspects for the anode materials, i.e., the metal electrodes, in this review we will first outline the challenges, which explicitly apply to silicon- and iron-air batteries and prevented them from a broad implementation so far. Afterwards, we provide an extensive literature survey regarding state-of-the-art experimental approaches, which are set to resolve the aforementioned challenges and might enable the introduction of silicon- and iron-air batteries into the battery market in the future.
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30

Lv, Xiaodong, Ming Chen, Hideo Kimura, Wei Du, and Xiaoyang Yang. "Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for the Electrode of Metal–Air Batteries." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043713.

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Facing the challenges of energy crisis and global warming, the development of renewable energy has received more and more attention. To offset the discontinuity of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, it is urgent to search for an excellent performance energy storage system to match them. Metal–air batteries (typical representative: Li–air battery and Zn–air battery) have broad prospects in the field of energy storage due to their high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. The drawbacks preventing the massive application of metal–air batteries are the poor reaction kinetics and high overpotential during the charging–discharging process, which can be alleviated by the application of an electrochemical catalyst and porous cathode. Biomass, also, as a renewable resource, plays a critical role in the preparation of carbon-based catalysts and porous cathode with excellent performance for metal–air batteries due to the inherent rich heteroatom and pore structure of biomass. In this paper, we have reviewed the latest progress in the creative preparation of porous cathode for the Li–air battery and Zn–air battery from biomass and summarized the effects of various biomass sources precursors on the composition, morphology and structure-activity relationship of cathode. This review will help us understand the relevant applications of biomass carbon in the field of metal–air batteries.
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31

Lee, Jang-Soo, Sun Tai Kim, Ruiguo Cao, Nam-Soon Choi, Meilin Liu, Kyu Tae Lee, and Jaephil Cho. "Metal-Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li-Air versus Zn-Air." Advanced Energy Materials 1, no. 1 (December 8, 2010): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201000010.

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32

Zhu, Bingjun, Zibin Liang, Dingguo Xia, and Ruqiang Zou. "Metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for metal-air batteries." Energy Storage Materials 23 (December 2019): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.05.022.

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33

Chen, Qiang. "Investigation of High-Performance Electrode Materials: Processing and Storage Mechanism." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 8987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248987.

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The scope of the Special Issue entitled “Investigation of High-Performance Electrode Materials: Processing and Storage Mechanism” includes the research on electrodes of high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices (metal ion batteries, non-metallic ion batteries, metal–air batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, etc [...]
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34

Kheawhom, Soorathep, and Sira Suren. "Printed air cathode for flexible and high energy density zinc-air battery." MRS Advances 1, no. 53 (2016): 3585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.443.

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ABSTRACTFlexible zinc-air batteries were fabricated using an inexpensive screen-printing technique. The anode and cathode current collectors were printed using commercial nano-silver conductive ink on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and a polypropylene (PP) membrane, respectively. Air cathodes made of blended carbon black with inexpensive metal oxides including manganese oxide (MnO2) and cerium oxide (CeO2), were studied. The presence of the metal oxides in the air cathodes enhanced the oxygen reduction reaction which is the most important cathodic reaction in zinc-air batteries. The battery with 20 %wt CeO2showed the highest performance and provided an open-circuit voltage of 1.6 V and 5 – 240 mA.cm-2ohmic loss zone. The discharge potential of this battery at the current density of 5 mA.cm-2was nearly 0.25 V higher than that of the battery without metal oxides. Finally, the battery was tested for its flexibility by bending it so that its length decreased from 2.5 to 1 cm. The results showed that the bending did not affect characteristics on potential voltage and discharging time of the batteries fabricated.
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35

Zhang, Kai, Xiaopeng Han, Zhe Hu, Xiaolong Zhang, Zhanliang Tao, and Jun Chen. "Nanostructured Mn-based oxides for electrochemical energy storage and conversion." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 3 (2015): 699–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00218k.

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36

Zhang, Jintao, Zhenhai Xia, and Liming Dai. "Carbon-based electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage." Science Advances 1, no. 7 (August 2015): e1500564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500564.

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play curial roles in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, including fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Having rich multidimensional nanoarchitectures [for example, zero-dimensional (0D) fullerenes, 1D carbon nanotubes, 2D graphene, and 3D graphite] with tunable electronic and surface characteristics, various carbon nanomaterials have been demonstrated to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR and OER in fuel cells and batteries. We present a critical review on the recent advances in carbon-based metal-free catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries, and discuss the perspectives and challenges in this rapidly developing field of practical significance.
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37

Sun, Yangting, Xiaorui Liu, Yiming Jiang, Jin Li, Jia Ding, Wenbin Hu, and Cheng Zhong. "Recent advances and challenges in divalent and multivalent metal electrodes for metal–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 31 (2019): 18183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05094a.

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38

Davari, E., and D. G. Ivey. "Bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 1 (2018): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00413c.

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This review focuses on the latest advances related to the development of non-precious metal catalysts for the air electrode in Zn–air batteries (ZABs), which are promising devices to power energy grids and electric vehicles.
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39

Rahman, Md Arafat, Xiaojian Wang, and Cuie Wen. "High Energy Density Metal-Air Batteries: A Review." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 160, no. 10 (2013): A1759—A1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.062310jes.

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40

Jang, Il Chan, Yuiko Hidaka, and Tatsumi Ishihara. "Li metal utilization in lithium air rechargeable batteries." Journal of Power Sources 244 (December 2013): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.049.

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41

Zhang, Xin, Xin-Gai Wang, Zhaojun Xie, and Zhen Zhou. "Recent progress in rechargeable alkali metal–air batteries." Green Energy & Environment 1, no. 1 (April 2016): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2016.04.004.

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42

Han, Xiaopeng, Xiaopeng Li, Jai White, Cheng Zhong, Yida Deng, Wenbin Hu, and Tianyi Ma. "Metal-Air Batteries: From Static to Flow System." Advanced Energy Materials 8, no. 27 (August 5, 2018): 1801396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801396.

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43

Sheng, Chuanchao, Fengjiao Yu, Yuping Wu, Zhangquan Peng, and Yuhui Chen. "Disproportionation of Sodium Superoxide in Metal-Air Batteries." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 31 (July 4, 2018): 10054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201804726.

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44

Liu, Qingchao, Zhiwen Chang, Zhongjun Li, and Xinbo Zhang. "Flexible Metal-Air Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives." Small Methods 2, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 1700231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201700231.

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45

Gu, Peng, Yuxia Xu, Yifan Zhao, Wei Liu, Huaiguo Xue, and Huan Pang. "Electrocatalysis of Rechargeable Non-Lithium Metal-Air Batteries." Advanced Materials Interfaces 4, no. 19 (September 14, 2017): 1700589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201700589.

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46

Garamoun, Ahmed, Markus B. Schubert, and Jürgen H. Werner. "Thin-Film Silicon for Flexible Metal-Air Batteries." ChemSusChem 7, no. 12 (September 22, 2014): 3272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402463.

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47

Sheng, Chuanchao, Fengjiao Yu, Yuping Wu, Zhangquan Peng, and Yuhui Chen. "Disproportionation of Sodium Superoxide in Metal-Air Batteries." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 31 (July 4, 2018): 9906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201804726.

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48

Gu, Bonhyun, Heeyun Lee, Changbeom Kang, Donghwan Sung, Sanghoon Lee, Sunghyun Yun, Sung Kwan Park, Gu-Young Cho, Namwook Kim, and Suk Won Cha. "Receding Horizon Control of Cooling Systems for Large-Size Uninterruptible Power Supply Based on a Metal-Air Battery System." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071611.

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As application of electric energy have expanded, the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) concept has attracted considerable attention, and new UPS technologies have been developed. Despite the extensive research on the batteries for UPS, conventional batteries are still being used in large-scale UPS systems. However, lead-acid batteries, which are currently widely adopted in UPS, require frequent maintenance and are relatively expensive as compared with some other kinds of batteries, like metal-air batteries. In previous work, we designed a novel metal-air battery, with low cost and easy maintenance for large-scale UPS applications. An extensive analysis was performed to apply our metal-air battery to the hybrid UPS model. In this study, we focus on including an optimal control system for high battery performance. We developed an algorithm based on receding horizon control (RHC) for each fan of the cooling system. The algorithm reflects the operation properties of the metal-air battery so that it can supply power for a long time. We solved RHC by applying dynamic programming (DP) for a corresponding time. Different variables, such as current density, oxygen concentration, and temperature, were considered for the application of DP. Additionally, a 1.5-dimensional DP, which is used for solving the RHC, was developed using the state variables with high sensitivity and considering the battery characteristics. Because there is no other control variable during operation, only one control variable, the fan flow, was used, and the state variables were divided by section rather than a point. Thus, we not only developed a sub-optimal control strategy for the UPS but also found that fan control can improve the performance of metal-air batteries. The sub-optimal control strategy showed stable and 6–10% of improvement in UPS operating time based on the simulation.
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49

Arai, Hajime, Stefan Müller, and Otto Haas. "AC Impedance Analysis of Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Metal-Air Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 147, no. 10 (2000): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393943.

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50

Okobira, Tatsuya, Dang-Trang Nguyen, and Kozo Taguchi. "Effectiveness of doping zinc to the aluminum anode on aluminum-air battery performance." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209307.

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Many efforts have been devoted to the improvement of metal-air batteries. Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and has high electrochemical potential. Therefore, the aluminum-air battery is one of the most attractive metal-air batteries. To overcome some disadvantages of the aluminum-air battery, some alloys of aluminum and several metals have been proposed. In this study, the performance improvement of the aluminum-air battery by doping zinc (Zn) to the aluminum anode was investigated. Zinc was doped to aluminum by a simple process. The difference in the characteristics of Zn-doped Al due to different heating temperature during the doping process was also investigated. The maximum power density of the battery was 2.5 mW/cm2.
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