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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metal carbonyl cluster'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Butcher, C. "Gas-phase transition metal carbonyl cluster chemistry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597163.

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The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of transition metal carbonyl clusters have been recorded and presented using the recently developed technique of energy-dependent electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (EDESI). EDESI has been improved to incorporate breakdown graphs, allowing complete fragmentation data to be presented. EDESI spectra facilitate the assignment of all ligands, and assist in determining the composition of the cluster core. Electron autodetachment was observed upon ligand loss from multiply charged clusters. For certain clusters, a remarkable amount of structural information was extracted. For example, the structure of [{PtRu5C(CO)15}2Pt(CO)2]2- was correctly predicted from the EDESI spectrum. Photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out on three clusters and selected CID products in the gas phase. The photoelectron spectra for each species revealed a high density of electronic states, and a reduction in electron binding energy was observed on removal of CO ligands. For the dianionic clusters, electron binding energy was approximately zero where electron autodetachment was observed in the EDESI spectra. The gas-phase reactivity of a naked metal cluster has been studied with the use of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. A novel “top down” approach has been used to form [CoRu3]- in the gas phase, by synthesising [PPN][CoRu3(CO)13] in the condensed phase and using CID in the electrospray ionisation source to strip the cluster of its ligands. The top down approach to gas phase clusters removes the requirement for a custom-built cluster source, and will allow the study of otherwise difficult to produce mixed-metal systems will interstitial ligands. The reactivity of [CoRu3]- with CH4 and H2 has been studied, and with use of tandem mass spectrometry, [CoRuC]- (a product of the reaction between [CoRu3]- and CH4) was isolated and further reacted with CH4.
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2

Conole, Grainne. "Structural studies of polynuclear metal carbonyl derivatives." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290436.

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3

Anson, C. E. "A vibrational spectroscopic study of some metal carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380118.

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4

Fu, Junhong. "Medium-Nuclearity Mixed-Metal Cluster Chemistry." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110707.

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The thesis is comprised of nine scientific articles and is preceded by an overview that contextualises all of publications. Mixed-metal clusters of group 6 and 9 have been of longstanding interest. The polar metal-metal bonds in these clusters exhibit great potential for substrate activation, and the widely disparate metals could increase cluster reactivity. Our previous studies of group 6 and 9 mixed-metal clusters have been mainly concentrated on low-nuclearity tetranuclear molybdenum/tungsten-iridium clusters, including the study of their structure, fluxionality, reactivity, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and optical properties. The thesis project herein mainly focuses on the synthesis of medium-nuclearity clusters of group 6 and 9. The first part of this body of work is concerned with the synthesis of medium-nuclearity molybdenum/tungsten-iridium clusters. Publication 1 details the synthesis of pentanuclear clusters by core expansion of tetranuclear molybdenum/tungsten-iridium clusters with capping reagents tetramethylcyclopentadienyl iridium dicarbonyl and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridium dicarbonyl. Publication 2 describes phosphine, isocyanide, and alkyne reactivity at several pentanuclear molybdenum/tungsten-iridium clusters that are reported in Publication 1.Three structurally characterized medium-nuclearity molybdenum-iridium clusters are presented in Publication 3. The second part of the thesis includes the synthesis of medium-nuclearity molybdenum/tungsten-rhodium-iridium clusters by core expansion reactions of tetranuclear molybdenum/tungsten-iridium clusters with capping reagents tetramethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium dicarbonyl and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium dicarbonyl. Publication 4 delineates a dynamic permutational isomerism in a pentanuclear ditungsten-rhodium-diiridium closo-cluster, together with the proposed mechanism and studies of the chemical and physical properties of the permutational isomers. Publications 5 and 6 detail the syntheses of penta- and hexa-nuclear molybdenum/tungsten-rhodium-iridium clusters by core expansion of tetranuclear molybdenum/tungsten-iridium clusters with the rhodium capping reagents, and phosphine and alkyne chemistry of the pentanuclear clusters. Publication 7 demonstrates the synthesis and structural studies of a hexanuclear trimolybdenum-triiridium cluster and a heptanuclear trimolybdenum-rhodium-triiridium cluster. In addition, Publication 8 describes alkyne chemistry at a phosphine-substituted cluster and explores the impact of phosphine ligation to dimolybdenum-diiridium on optical limiting properties. Finally, Publication 9 reports a four-valence-electron-deficient butterfly tetrairidium cluster and a heptairidium cluster, together with theoretical studies of the tetrairidium cluster.
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5

Cook, S. L. "Structural and synthetic studies on homo- and heterogeneous transition metal carbonyl cluster." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303890.

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6

Keiller, B. T. "The vibrational spectra of metal cluster compounds containing organic ligands." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383722.

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7

Curtis, H. "Synthesis, characterisation and reactivity of transition metal carbido-carbonyl cluster and other organometallic compounds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377825.

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8

Cooper, Brian Thomas. "Dissociation, relaxation, and oxidation of highly vibrationally excited gas phase metal carbonyl and cluster anions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186731.

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Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR) was used to study processes occurring in highly vibrationally excited metal-containing anions. The low-pressure environment of the FT-ICR trapping cell is optimal for the intentional study of nonthermal species. Vibrationally excited anions were prepared with well-defined excess internal energies by the absorption of a single 1064 nm photon into any species requiring the absorption of two such photons to dissociate. The effects of vibrational excitation on the oxidation reactions of Cr(CO)₅-, Al₁₆-, and Al₁₈- were systematically investigated. All three reactions slowed down with increasing anion vibrational energy, due to the large increase in the back-dissociation rate constants with excess internal energy. The branching fractions for the oxidation of Cr(CO)₅- and Al₁₆- also were substantially altered by excess vibrational energy. These data, along with the translationally-excited data of other workers, were used to gain insight into the mechanisms of these quite different oxidation reactions. Radiative relaxation rate constants were also measured for Cr(CO)₅- and Al₁₆- using the oxidation branching ratio as an ion thermometric probe. A complementary value was determined for Cr(CO)₅- with a two-pulse photodissociation experiment, and showed that the radiative relaxation rate constant for this ion is strongly energy dependent. Also, radiative relaxation of Cr(CO)₅- is about an order of magnitude faster than Al₁₆-. All these observations were attributed to the presence of high-frequency CO stretching modes in Cr(CO)₅-, and a detailed model was developed to support this interpretation. Finally, the photodissociation and photodetachment behavior of the M₂(CO)(n)- (where M = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co; and 4 ≤ n ≤ 9, depending on the metal) and Al(n)- (n = 3 to 23) was investigated at 1064 nm and, for the dinuclear complexes, from 575 to 630 nm. Apparent metal atom loss from highly coordinatively unsaturated dinuclear carbonyl anions was instead ascribed to electron detachment and subsequent scavenging by the neutral metal carbonyl background.
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9

Daghetta, M. A. A. "USE OF POLIPHOSPHANES IN THE ASSEMBLY OF DISCRETE OR POLYMERIC COORDINATION COMPOUNDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155259.

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Although phosphanes show useful features for the coordination chemistry, their use as pure structural building blocks, to join metal centres in larger aggregates, has not been yet well explored. In this work, synthesis and characterization of discrete and polymeric coordination compounds are presented. As metal centres both monometallic and cluster compounds have been used, whereas as ligands we have used poliphosphanes both commercially available and synthesised in our laboratories. For simplicity we can classify them in: rigid diphosphanes, flexible diphosphanes and rigid poliphosphanes.
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10

Jund, Rodolphe. "Electrochimie de clusters mixtes tetrametalliques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13175.

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11

Nuel, Didier. "Etude de la reactivite de fragments alkylidynes dans des clusters trinucleaires du fer." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30206.

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Reactivite des complexes fe::(3)(co)::(9)(cch::(3))(coc::(2)h::(5)) ou fe::(3)(co)::(10)(cch::(3))(h). Les reactions de couplage des groupes alkylidynes avec les algues sont faciles. L'action de co a mis en evidence le couplage reversible dans des conditions douces de 2 fragments alkylidynes. En general, la presence du coordinat hydruro rend les reactions plus complexes
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12

Gourdon, André. "Synthèse et étude structurale de clusters de fer contenant un hétéroatome du type carbure, nitrure, phosphure." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066404.

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13

Foster, D. F. "Stabilised transition metal carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354541.

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14

Wilkinson, Della Ann. "Organometallic chemistry of metal carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272963.

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15

Lugan, Noël. "Clusters du ruthenium a ligands assembleurs : stabilite, reactivite." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30156.

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Etude de la reactivite d'agregats derives de ru::(3)(co)::(12) stabilises par des coordinats polydentes phosphores et/ou azotes, en vue d'application en catalyse homogene. Les coordinats assembleurs sont appm et diphenylpyridylphosphine. On etudie egalement la reactivite des complexes a coordinats acyle ru::(3)(co)::(9)(c(o) (c::(6)h::(5))) (p(c::(6)h::(5)) (c::(5)h::(4)n))
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16

Berti, Beatrice <1993&gt. "Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Metal Carbonyl Clusters and Nanoclusters." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9600/1/TesiPhD_BeatriceBerti.pdf.

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This Thesis aims at presenting the general results achieved during my PhD, that was focused on the study and characterisation of new homoleptic and heteroleptic metal carbonyl clusters. From a dimensional point of view, the nuclearity of such species ranges from 2 to 44 metal atoms. Lower nuclearity compounds may be viewed as polymetallic complexes, whereas higher nuclearity species can reach the nanocluster size, by resembling to ultrasmall nanoparticles (USNPs). Initially, my research was focused on the investigation of small MCCs stabilised by N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) ligands. At this regard, a general strategy for the synthesis of mono-anionic [Fe(CO)4(MNHC)]− and neutral Fe(CO)4(MNHC)2, Co(CO)4(MNHC) (M = Cu, Ag, Au; NHC = IMes, IPr) species has been developed. Furthermore, during this investigation, neutral trimetallic Fe(CO)4(MNHC)(M’NHC) (M, M’ = Cu, Ag, Au; M ≠ M'; NHC = IPr) and neutral heteroleptic Fe(CO)4(MNHC)(MNHC’) (M = Au; NHC = IMes, IPr) compounds have been isolated. Thermal treatment turned out to be an efficient method for the growth of the dimension of MCCs. Indeed, species of the type [M3Fe3(CO)12]3– and [M4Fe4(CO)16]4– (M = Ag, Au) as well as larger clusters were formed during the thermal treatment of the new Fe-M (M = Ag, Cu, Au) carbonyl compounds. These species inspired the investigation of promising reaction paths for the synthesis of Fe-M (M = Ag, Cu, Au) carbonyl compounds devoid of ancillary ligands and alloy MCCs, such as the heterometallic [MxM’5-xFe4(CO)16]3− (M, M' = Cu, Ag, Au; M ≠ M'; x = 0-5) carbonyl clusters. The second part of this Thesis regards high nuclearity MCCs. In particular, new strategies for the growth of platinum carbonyl clusters involving, for instance, the employment of bidentate phosphines are described, as well as the syntheses and the thermal decomposition of new Ni-M (Pd, Pt) carbonyl clusters.
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17

Rimmelin, Jean. "Etude des relations structure-reactivite electrochimique dans quelques clusters du cobalt et du rhodium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13176.

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Etude comparative des proprietes redox de treize clustres du co, rh, fe effectuee par des methodes electrochimiques (edt, coulometrie, voltamperometrie cyclique) associees a des methodes spectroscopiques (uv, rmn, rpe)
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18

洪若華 and Yeuk-wah Hung. "The chemistry of Osmium-Rhodium mixed-metal carbonyl clusters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121535X.

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19

Hung, Yeuk-wah. "The chemistry of Osmium-Rhodium mixed-metal carbonyl clusters /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19904988.

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20

Ries, Michel. "Synthese et reactivite de clusters heterometalliques contenant le ligand assembleur ph : :(2)pch::(2)pph::(2)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13208.

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21

Wong, Wing Tak. "The chemistry of high nuclearity carbonyl clusters of osmium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271928.

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22

Nordlander, Hans Ebbe. "Some chemistry of transition metal carbonyl clusters containing phosphorus ligands." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272946.

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23

何毅雯 and Ngai-man Emmie Ho. "The chemistry of ruthenium carbonyl clusters containing nitrene and nitrido ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124029X.

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24

Ho, Ngai-man Emmie. "The chemistry of ruthenium carbonyl clusters containing nitrene and nitrido ligands /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21982351.

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25

Rashid, Haroon. "Synthesis of novel heteroleptic stannylenes and reactions with transition-metal carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388466.

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26

Hattersley, Andrew D. "Synthesising & derivatising mixed-metal boride clusters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272581.

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27

Alexiev, V. D. "Studies on homogeneous and immobilized metal carbonyl clusters on inorganic oxide." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375751.

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28

KALAM-ALAMI, MAHMOUD MOUS. "Etude de la reactivite stoechiometrique ou catalytique de clusters de metaux de transition du groupe 8." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30017.

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29

Welch, D. A. "Synthetic and structural aspects of pentanuclear carbonyl clusters of ruthenium and osmium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372275.

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30

Saharan, Vijay Pal. "Some aspects of the organomettalic chemistry of osmium and ruthenium carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271917.

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31

Stroud, Philip Michael. "Ligand stabilised heterometallic clusters of ruthenium." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277926.

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32

Dogbevia, Moses K. "Gas phase transition metal-cluster catalysis /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3209128.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.
"August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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33

Jones, A. G. "Synthetic, structural and catalytic studies of metal carbonyl clusters of Group VIII." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374567.

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34

Street, A. C. "Chemical reactivity and catalytic studies of homo- and hetero- metallic carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382185.

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35

王淑儀 and Shuk-yee Janet Wong. "The chemistry of osmium carbonyl clusters containing oxime and oxo ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244932.

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36

Akhter, Zareen. "Synthesis and chemical aspects of aurated osmium high nuclearity carbonyl clusters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271929.

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37

Price, R. J. "Transition metal carbolyl clusters : A study by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378633.

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38

Caminade, Anne-Marie. "Stabilisation par complexation d'entites phosphorees de basse coordinence." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30073.

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On obtient selon le substituant organique du phosphore, des complexes de phosphines, diphosphanes halogenes et de derives phosphores a base coordinence (phosphine, phosphalcine, diphosphine, phosphacumulene
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39

Coughlin, Deborah. "The chemistry of some pentanuclear and hexanuclear osmium clusters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272669.

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40

李軼 and Yat Li. "Syntheses, structural characterization and electrochemistry of tetraosmium carbonyl clusters and catalytic properties of tetraosmium-gold mixed-metal clusters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243356.

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41

Li, Yat. "Syntheses, structural characterization and electrochemistry of tetraosmium carbonyl clusters and catalytic properties of tetraosmium-gold mixed-metal clusters /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25155064.

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42

Layer, Teresa. "Synthesis and characterisation of novel phosphorus and selenium substituted carbonyl clusters of ruthenium and osmium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272563.

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43

Whyte, Christopher. "Studies of transition metal carbonyl clusters using laser desorption ionisation and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11569.

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Stable, readily available, transition metal cluster carbonyl compounds, such as Os3(CO)12, Ir4(CO)12, Rh6(CO)16, have been shown to easily aggregate into multi-nuclear supraclusters following exposure to pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation (laser desorption ionisation, LDI) in the source region of a mass spectrometer. The aggregation process has been studied from the resulting mass spectra, using both of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Larger cluster precursors tend to aggregate via the stepwise addition of whole metal cores, whereas the smaller tri-nuclear osmium cluster can produce supraclusters with variable numbers of metal atoms present. Interestingly, laser desorption/ionisation of Os3(CO)12 leads to the formation of prominent dodecaosmium cluster negative ions, such as [Os12(CO)23]-. As far as we are aware, no homoleptic dodecaosmium carbonyl species has been prepared via traditional synthetic methods, highlighting the future potential of this approach if techniques for stabilising these complexes and isolating them can be developed. The LDI spectra also exhibit prominent metastable decay products, corresponding to evaporative carbonyl ligand loss, a phenomenon known as post-source decay. The rates of metastable decay have then been determined for the mono-isotopic rhodium supraclusters. In addition the transition metal carbonyl precursors used in the aggregation experiments have been studied by electrospray ionisation using quadrupole and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. In this case clusters require derivatisation with an alkoxide agent to produce a carbomethoxy ligand ([COOCH3]-) on the cluster, providing them with the necessary charge for mass spectrometric detection. The recently introduced technique of Energy Dependent Electrospray Ionisation mass spectrometry (EDESI-MS) has been used to investigate the relative strengths of the metal-to-carbonyl bonds using a process known as in-source collision-induced dissociation. From this data bond dissociation energies for the sequential removal of carbonyl ligands from the transition metal cluster precursor have been determined. FT-ICR MS experiments confirm the presence of a second decay channel leading to the formation of metal carbonyl hydride species, produced from the activation of the carbomethoxy ligand. Preliminary studies of these coordinatively unsaturated transition metal carbonyls with hydrocarbons have also been carried out.
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44

Vergeer, Frank Willem. "Photo- and redox activation of homo- and heteronuclear transition metal clusters experiment and theory /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/69955.

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45

Ting, Fai Lung. "The chemistry of osmium and ruthenium carbonyl clusters with functionalized alkyne and phosphine ligands." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/296.

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46

Wu, Guanmin Richmond Michael G. "Synthesis characterization, and kinetics of isomerization, C-H and P-C bond activation for unsaturated diphosphine-coordinated triosmium carbonyl clusters." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6037.

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47

Börjesson, Anders. "In silico studies of carbon nano tubes and metal clusters." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3565.

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Carbon nanotubes have been envisioned to become a very important material in various applications. This is due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes which can be exploited in applications on length scales spanning from the nano world to our macroscopic world. For example, the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes makes them utterly suitable for nano electronics while the strength of them makes them suitable for reinforcements in plastics. Both of these applications do however require... mer the ability for systematic production of carbon nanotubes with certain properties. This is called selective carbon nanotube growth and today this has not been achieved with total success. In the work presented in the thesis several different computational methods have been applied in our contribution to the systematic search for selective carbon nanotube growth. Put in a context of previous knowledge about carbon nanotube growth our results provide valuable clues to which parameters that control the carbon nanotube growth. In association with the latest results we even dare to, with all modesty, speculate about a plausible control mechanism. The studies presented in the thesis addressed different stages of carbon nanotube growth, spanning from the properties affecting the initiation of the growth to the parameters affecting the termination of the growth. In some more detail this included studies of the melting temperatures of nanoscaled metal clusters. The expected size dependence of the melting temperatures was confirmed and the melting temperatures of clusters on substrates were seen to depend both on the material and shape of the surface. As this constitute the premises prior to the carbon nanotube growth it was followed by studies of the interaction between carbon nanotubes and metal clusters of different size and constitution. This was done using different computational methods and at different temperatures. It soon became apparent that the clusters adapted to the carbon nanotube and not vice versa. This held true irrespectively of the constitution of the cluster, that is for both pure metal and metal carbide. It was also seen that there exist a minimum cluster size that prevent the carbon nanotube end from closing. Closure of the carbon nanotube end is likely to lead to the termination of the growth which lead to studies of other reasons for growth termination, e.g., Ostwald ripening of the catalyst particles. This was investigated with the result that the rate of the Ostwald ripening may depend on both the chirality and diameter of the carbon nanotubes. It is suggested that this may provide some answers to the controlled growth of carbon nanotubes.

Disputationen sker fredagen den 3 december 2010, kl. 10:15, Kollektorn, Kemivägen 9

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48

Wyrwas, Richard Ben Jr. "Vanadium Oxide Anions Clusters: Their Abundances, Structures and Reactions with SO₂." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4908.

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Early transition metal oxide clusters have been a focus of study for several years. The production of vanadium oxide cluster anions in a pulsed helium flow reactor provides a relatively precise way of introducing defect sites and controlling the oxidation state of the vanadium atoms. The composition of the clusters can be changed from the V2O5 stoichiometry, where the vanadium atom is in a +5 oxidation state, to more reduced stoichiometries yielding a mixture of oxidation states containing atoms in the +2 oxidation state. The subsequent addition of reactant gases such as H2O and SO2 yields very intense adsorption reactions as well as a demonstration of the robustness of particular defect free clusters. For example, the cluster has been identified as a defect free cluster where all vanadium atoms are in the +5 oxidation state and all oxygen atoms are predicted to be in the 2- state. The cluster has been shown to not adsorb SO2- while clusters in a reduced oxidation state, such as and readily adsorb one or more SO2 molecules. The adsorption process has been shown to be size dependent, with the smallest monovanadium oxide anions being the most reactive.
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49

Ayed, Othman. "Etude des interactions entre atomes alcalins (li, na, k) et monoxyde de carbone en matrices de gaz rares : analyse en spectroscopie vibrationnelle et calcul quantiques de quelques complexes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066117.

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Dans le cas de li(le plus reactif), identification de li(co)::(n), ou n = 1,2,3,4,(ou 6), avec des frequences de vibration de valence de co plus perturbees que pour les metaux de transition carbonyle,et de li::(m) co, ou m = 2,3, avec frequences nu (co) abaissees. Pour na et k, observation d'especes de haute stoechiometrie (c::(n)o::(n))**(2-) (m**(+))::(2) ou n = 2,3,4, formees apres irradiation uv-visible et correspondant a des transformations chimiques. Essai d'interpretation de ces differences de reactivite par une description quantique des agregats de plus basse stoechiometrie : dans le complexe 1 :1, les deux etats electroniques inferieurs sont l'etat **(2)sigma non liant et l'etat **(2)pi liant; la courbe de potentiel de lico possede un minimum pour li-c equiv. A 2,5 a au-dessous de la courbe de l'etat **(2)pi alors que pour naco, le minimum de la courbe pour l'etat **(2)pi est au-dessous de la courbe de l'etat **(2)sigma ; le calcul met en evidence le caractere ionique de m::(2)c::(2)o::(2) (acetylenediolate) resultant d'une reaction chimique
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50

Bates, Sarah Anne. "Fourier transform infrared isotopic studies on novel metal-carbon clusters trapped in Ar matrix environments." [Fort Worth, Tex.] : Texas Christian University, 2008. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-04222008-113234/unrestricted/bates.pdf.

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