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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal fuels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Jones, E. G., W. J. Balster, and L. M. Balster. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Metal Deactivator and Other Additives in Reducing Insolubles in Aviation Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (1997): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817061.

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Surface fouling in aircraft fuel lines resulting from autoxidation of aviation fuel leads to reduced efficiency as deposits collect on heat exchangers, nozzles, and servocontrols and may ultimately lead to system failure. Metal surfaces and trace quantities of metals dissolved in the fuel exacerbate the surface-fouling problem because they can catalyze free-radical initiation, thereby accelerating autoxidation. Additives and additive packages containing antioxidants, dispersants, and metal deactivators (MDA) have been shown to reduce insolubles in some fuels. Because of metal chelation and pos

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2

Mills, J. S., and D. R. Kendall. "The Quantification and Improvement of the Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuel." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 2 (1986): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239915.

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Studies of the propensity of aviation turbine fuels to lacquer engine oil-coolers that were described in an earlier paper have been extended to cover a wider range of fuels. Fuel performance was found to vary widely; some fuels were liable to lacquer oil-coolers to the extent of producing significant losses in efficiency at the most severe operating conditions currently encountered. Oxidation studies conducted in parallel with the rig investigations indicate that a fuel’s performance is strongly dependent on its tendency to initiate radical oxidation reactions. The relatively high initiation r

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3

Julien, Philippe, and Jeffrey M. Bergthorson. "Enabling the metal fuel economy: green recycling of metal fuels." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 3 (2017): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00004a.

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Xu, Runsheng, Jianliang Zhang, Wei Wang, et al. "Evolutional behavior of carbonaceous material during dissolution in molten iron of COREX." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 4 (2018): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018020.

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The dissolution behaviours of lumpy coal and coke used in COREX gasifier in molten iron were investigated. The time-dependent interfacial reaction products were observed and the microcrystalline structures of solid fuels were identified. The results showed that the rate of carbon dissolution in molten iron using lumpy coal was significantly less than that when the coke was used. The ordered carbon microcrystalline at the reaction interface would be a priority to dissolve. The interface thickness of the eroded coke was larger than that of coal char due to the uneven microtexture distribution an

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5

Nguyen, Xuan Phuong, and Hai Nam Vu. "Corrosion of the metal parts of diesel engines in biodiesel-based fuels." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, no. 2 (2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.2.119-132.

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Biodiesel, an environmentally-friendly bio-fuel, has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels whose use is rampant in the transportation sector. However, it is important that the corrosive effects of this fuel on engines are studied. This work reviews the corrosiveness that biodiesel exerts on various engine components, especially those made out of metals. First, an analysis of the corrosion mechanisms of metals exposed to biodiesel is provided. The conventional and advanced analysis methods will be applied to measure the level of corrosiveness in static immersio

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6

Ijaodola, Oluwatosin, Emmanuel Ogungbemi, Fawwad Nisar Khatib, et al. "Evaluating the Effect of Metal Bipolar Plate Coating on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113203.

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Environmental concerns of greenhouse gases (GHG) effect from fossil commodities and the fast increase in global energy demand have created awareness on the need to replace fossil fuels with other sources of clean energy. PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising source of energy to replace fossil fuels. The commercialization of the cell depends on its price, weight and mechanical strength. Bipolar plates are among the main components of PEMFC which perform some significant functions in the fuel cell stack. Metal bipolar plate is considered by the research community as the future material for fuel c

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7

Wang, Yongzheng, Yu Sun, Lei Jiang, Lu Liu, and Yungang Li. "Characteristics of Corrosion Related to Ash Deposition on Boiler Heating Surface during Cofiring of Coal and Biomass." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1692598.

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In order to investigate the regularity and mechanism of corrosion related to ash deposition on the boiler heating surface during cofiring of coal and biomass, the influence of fuel property, type of metal tubes (heating surface), proportion of blended biomass, and atmosphere in the furnace was studied by using the static corrosion mass gain method with the high-temperature tube furnace system. The results indicated that the effect of biomass property on ash corrosion is greater than that of coal, which was mainly due to high content of alkali metals and chlorine in biomass fuels. The corrosion

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8

Azad, Abdul-Majeed, and Desikan Sundararajan. "A Phenomenological Study on the Synergistic Role of Precious Metals in the Steam Reforming of Logistic Fuels on Trimetal-Supported Catalysts." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/325683.

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Fuel processors are required to convert sulfur-laden logistic fuels (jet fuels, diesel, and coal) into fuel cell quality hydrogen-rich reformate with little or no sulfur for extended periods. Sulfur poisons and deactivates the reforming catalyst, therefore, sulfur-tolerant catalysts ought to be developed. In this paper, the development, characterization, and evaluation of a series of nanoscale ceria-supported reforming catalysts containing three noble metals in low concentration (1 wt% ≤ total metal loading ≤ 1.33 wt%) for the steam-reforming of kerosene (a JP-8 surrogate) are reported. Their

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9

Hong, Wesley T., Marcel Risch, Kelsey A. Stoerzinger, Alexis Grimaud, Jin Suntivich, and Yang Shao-Horn. "Toward the rational design of non-precious transition metal oxides for oxygen electrocatalysis." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 5 (2015): 1404–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee03869j.

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The rational design of non-precious transition metal perovskite oxide catalysts holds exceptional promise for understanding and mastering the kinetics of oxygen electrocatalysis instrumental to artificial photosynthesis, solar fuels, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and metal–air batteries.

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10

Azad, Abdul-Majeed, and Desikan Sundararajan. "A Phenomenological Study on the Synergistic Role of Precious Metals and the Support in the Steam Reforming of Logistic Fuels on Monometal Supported Catalysts." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/681574.

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Clean power source utilizing vast logistic fuel reserves (jet fuels, diesel, and coal) would be the main driver in the 21st century for high efficiency. Fuel processors are required to convert these fuels into hydrogen-rich reformate for extended periods in the presence of sulfur, and deliver hydrogen with little or no sulfur to the fuel cell stack. However, the jet and other logistic fuels are invariably sulfur-laden. Sulfur poisons and deactivates the reforming catalyst and therefore, to facilitate continuous uninterrupted operation of logistic fuel processors, robust sulfur-tolerant catalys

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11

Adeyemo, O. O., R. Mabugu, and R. H. Hassan. "Interfuel substitution: the case of the Nigerian industrial sector." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 1 (2007): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i1a3337.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate energy substitution possibility among the fuel types used in the industrial sector of the Nigerian economy. An econometric model, utilizing the translog cost func-tion, is estimated for nine major industries in the industrial sector - non-metal, basic metal, fabricated metal, chemicals, food and beverages, paper, tex-tile, wood and others. Fuels are aggregated into four categories: electricity, oil, gas and coal. The model is estimated using time series data over the period 1970 - 2000. The results vary across the industries for different fuels. The

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12

Soares, M., Larissa Oliveira Berbel, C. Vieira, D. C. S. Oliszeski, C. B. Furstenberger, and Everson do Prado Banczek. "Study of Corrosion of AA 3003 Aluminum in Biodiesel, Diesel, Ethanol and Gasoline Media." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.407.

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The contact between fuels and various metals used in vehicles make them susceptible to corrosion. Aluminum is a metal widely used in automotive components owing to its corrosion resistance as well as mechanical properties. The ABNT 14359 standard establishes a method for determining fuel corrosion; however, it is restricted to copper and fossil fuels. In this standard, corrosion is assessed qualitatively by visual comparison of patterns, which can lead to uncertain results. The methodology used in this study involves the immersion of metallic materials in fuels for a specific period of time fo

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13

Going, John E., and Jef Snoeys. "Explosion protection with metal dust fuels." Process Safety Progress 21, no. 4 (2002): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680210407.

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14

Romanovsky, Valentin I., Alexander A. Hort, Kirill B. Podbolotov, Nikolay Yu Sdobnyakov, Vladimir S. Myasnichenko, and Denis N. Sokolov. "ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF POLYMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES IN AIR INVIRONMENT." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 9-10 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186109-10.5867a.

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In this work, we studied possibility to obtain bimetallic nanopowders by our modified solution combustion synthesis method using citric acid as a fuel. Stoichiometric amounts of metal nitrates with metal to metal ratios 1:1 and 1:2 and fuels with final oxidizer to fuel ratio of 1.75 were used as initial components to prepare aqueous solutions. The almost complete absence of metal oxide phases was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained materials showed that all samples are pure bimetallic nanopowders with distorted cubic crystal structure o

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15

Gates, Bruce C., George W. Huber, Christopher L. Marshall, Phillip N. Ross, Jeffrey Siirola, and Yong Wang. "Catalysts for Emerging Energy Applications." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 4 (2008): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.85.

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AbstractCatalysis is the essential technology for chemical transformation, including production of fuels from the fossil resources petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Typical catalysts for these conversions are robust porous solids incorporating metals, metal oxides, and/or metal sulfides. As efforts are stepping up to replace fossil fuels with biomass, new catalysts for the conversion of the components of biomass will be needed. Although the catalysts for biomass conversion might be substantially different from those used in the conversion of fossil feedstocks, the latter catalysts are a starti

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16

Balster, W. J., and E. G. Jones. "Effects of Temperature on Formation of Insolubles in Aviation Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 2 (1998): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818119.

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Ten aviation turbine fuels (five Jet-A fuels, three JP-5, one JP-8, and one JPTS) were stressed at 185 and 225°C in a single-pass heat exchanger. On the basis of several criteria applied at 185°C, these fuels cover a broad thermal-stability range from lesser-quality fuels to the most stable JPTS fuel. Three of these fuels contain significant concentrations of dissolved metal (copper, >30 ppb). The surface and bulk insolubles formed from each fuel have been quantified using surface-carbon burnoff of tubing sections and of in-line filters. The total insolubles measured at 185 and 225°C fall i

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17

KULCZYCKI, Andrzej, Wojciech DZIĘGIELEWSKI, and Dariusz OZIMINA. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBONS AND ALCOHOLS ON THE LUBRICITY OF CI ENGINE FUELS AND AVIATION FUELS." Tribologia 273, no. 3 (2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6140.

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The paper covers the mechanism of lubrication layer formation by fuels containing synthetic hydrocarbons and alcohols. Development of alternative fuels containing FAME, alcohols, and synthetic hydrocarbons has increased the interest in the mechanism of lubrication of fuelling systems parts. Fuel lubricity tests have been conducted using the HFRR and BOCLE testing rigs. Fuels under testing, both for CI engines and for aviation turbine ones, contained synthetic components: saturated hydrocarbons both of even and odd number of carbon atoms, and butanol, isomers. These components have been added t

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18

Sendilvelan, S., and K. Bhaskar. "Reduction of Nitrous Oxide in Diesel Engine using Metal Salt Macro-Emulsion." Journal of Surface Science and Technology 32, no. 3-4 (2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jsst/2016/7681.

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In this paper four new emulsions were prepared by mixing 0.5% tween 85 and 0.5% span 80 with diesel fuel using 10% aqueous metal salt solution with concentration of 0.4 mol/dm<sup>3</sup>. The performance and emission tests were carried out by using these fuels in single cylinder water cooled diesel engine. The results were compared with that of diesel and comparison graphs were plotted to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using the new emulsions over diesel. This report analyze on the effect of new emulsion fuels combustion on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fue

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19

Zabarnick, S., and S. D. Whitacre. "Aspects of Jet Fuel Oxidation." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (1998): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818177.

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A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)/Parr bomb system with a headspace oxygen sensor is used to measure oxidation and deposition during thermal oxidative stressing of jet fuel. The advantages of the oxygen sensor technique in monitoring fuel oxidation is demonstrated. Simultaneous measurement of deposition using the QCM shows a strong correlation between oxidation and deposition in jet fuels. Studies performed over the temperature range 140 to 180°C show that surface deposition peaks at an intermediate temperature, while bulk deposition increases with temperature. In studies of jet fuel antioxi

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20

Mehbad, Noura Yahya El. "Effect of Modified Kiln Dust and a Cationic Surfactant on the Removal of Aromatic and Heavy Metal Compounds from Fuels." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 35, no. 5 (2019): 1508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350505.

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This paper aims to investigate removal of aromatic and heavy metals compounds from fuels using cement kiln dust, and a cationic surfactant. The effect of a cationic surfactant and the composition of kiln dust on the stability of fuel was studied. The optimum conditions of adsorption were investigated. The stability of fuels was improved after adsorption because of the absorption of heavy metals, which act as catalysts. The concentrations of kiln dust and additives are effective for the absorption of heteroatoms of polar and nonpolar molecules. The addition of different concentrations of the ca

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21

Jeon, Yong Phil, Hyung Yoon Seo, Jong Deok Kim, and Chung Gil Kang. "A Study on Accelerated Life Test of Spring Unit for Semi-Auto Sliding Mechanism of IT Devices." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.177.

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Recently, the demand for energy is growing at a very high rate all over the world. The fossil fuels eventually lead to the foreseeable depletion of limited fossil energy resources. Hydrogen is considered a promising candidate to remedy the depletion of fossil fuels. The bipolar plate is the second most important component of a proton exchange membrance (PEM) fuel cell stack after the membrance electrode assembly (MEA). Its primary roles are to supply reactant gases to the fuel cell electrodes and provide electrical connection between adjacent cells in the stack while removing product water fro

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22

Jung, Min Geun, Yong Phil Jeon, and Chung Gil Kang. "Metallic Bipolar Plate Fabrication Process of Fuel Cell by Rubber Pad Forming and its Performance Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.310.

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Recently, the demand for energy is growing at a very high rate all over the world. The fossil fuels eventually lead to the foreseeable depletion of limited fossil energy resources. Hydrogen is considered a promising candidate to remedy the depletion of fossil fuels. The bipolar plate is the second most important component of a proton exchange membrance (PEM) fuel cell stack after the membrance electrode assembly (MEA). Its primary roles are to supply reactant gases to the fuel cell electrodes and provide electrical connection between adjacent cells in the stack while removing product water fro

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23

Haidai, Olga, Vladimir Pilyavskiy, Yevgenij Shelud’ko, and Yevgenij Polunkin. "IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL MOTOR FUELS THROUGH USE OF ADDITIVES BASED ON NANOSCALE CARBON CLUSTERS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 6 (November 30, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00213.

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A new way to overcome the disadvantages of ethanol motor fuels by introducing of multifunctional additives based on carbon nanoscale clusters in their composition is given. It is shown that the modified nanoclusters contribute to the formation of supramolecular structure of ethanol fuels in the form of solvent domains around the nanoparticles. Orientation local ordering of these supramolecular structures changes such physicochemical properties of oxygenate fuels as dielectric constant and the load-bearing capacity of the liquid phase in the dynamic mechanical load. The influence of synthetic c

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24

Nelyubov, D. V., P. J. ,. Sherbakov, A. V. Chernisheva, V. A. Gubareva, and A. O. Shatsky. "Estimation of Lubrication Stability of Diesel Fuels under the Oxidation and Storage Conditions." Oil and Gas Technologies 134, no. 3 (2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-221-134-3-18-22.

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The paper is given to investigation and definition of optimal parameters of oxidation of diesel fuels for the purpose of estimation its lubrication stability under the storage conditions. On the foundation of critical analyze of previous method’s parameters it were corrected the volume of oxidating fuel, the type of catalyze-active metal, which is contacting the fuel and also the fuel-metal and fuel-air contact-square. These corrections are allowed to increase the adequacy of chemical composition changes of diesel fuel at the oxidation to the same changes at the storage conditions. It was foun

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25

Allen, T. R., and D. C. Crawford. "Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor Systems and the Fuels and Materials Challenges." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2007 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/97486.

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Anticipated developments in the consumer energy market have led developers of nuclear energy concepts to consider how innovations in energy technology can be adapted to meet consumer needs. Properties of molten lead or lead-bismuth alloy coolants in lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) systems offer potential advantages for reactors with passive safety characteristics, modular deployment, and fuel cycle flexibility. In addition to realizing those engineering objectives, the feasibility of such systems will rest on development or selection of fuels and materials suitable for use with corrosive lead o

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26

Dossi, Stefano, Alice Reina, Filippo Maggi, and L. T. De Luca. "INNOVATIVE METAL FUELS FOR SOLID ROCKET PROPULSION." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 11, no. 4 (2012): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2013005748.

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27

TERAI, Yuzo. "Cylindrical metal fuels Traveling Wave Breeder Reactor." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2017.22 (2017): A221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2017.22.a221.

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28

Paravan. "Nano-Sized and Mechanically Activated Composites: Perspectives for Enhanced Mass Burning Rate in Aluminized Solid Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Propulsion." Aerospace 6, no. 12 (2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6120127.

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This work provides a lab-scale investigation of the ballistics of solid fuel formulations based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and loaded with Al-based energetic additives. Tested metal-based fillers span from micron- to nano-sized powders and include oxidizer-containing fuel-rich composites. The latter are obtained by chemical and mechanical processes providing reduced diffusion distance between Al and the oxidizing species source. A thorough pre-burning characterization of the additives is performed. The combustion behaviors of the tested formulations are analyzed considering the solid

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29

Liu, Hongfang, Anh Quang Dao, and Chaoyang Fu. "Activities of Combined TiO2 Semiconductor Nanocatalysts Under Solar Light on the Reduction of CO2." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (2016): 3437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11854.

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The materials based on TiO2 semiconductors are a promising option for electro-photocatalytic systems working as solar energy low-carbon fuels exchanger. These materials’ structures are modified by doping metals and metal oxides, by metal sulfides sensitization, or by graphene supported membrane, enhancing their catalytic activity. The basic phenomenon of CO2 reduction to CH4 on Pd modified TiO2 under UV irradiation could be enhanced by Pd, or RuO2 co-doped TiO2. Sensitization with metal sulfide QDs is effective by moving of photo-excited electron from QDs to TiO2 particles. Based on characteri

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30

Konsolakis, Michalis, and Vassilis N. Stathopoulos. "Rational Design of Non-Precious Metal Oxide Catalysts by Means of Advanced Synthetic and Promotional Routes." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (2021): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080895.

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Catalysis is an indispensable part of our society, involved in numerous energy and environmental applications, such as the production of value-added chemicals/fuels, hydrocarbons processing, fuel cells applications, abatement of hazardous pollutants, among others [...]

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31

Gurumurthy, Coimbatore V. "Determination of oxygen-to-metal ratios in metal oxide nuclear fuels." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 23, no. 10 (2007): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020231004.

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Ambrose, M. J., R. F. Costello, and H. Schreiber. "Utility Combustion Turbine Evaluation of Coal Liquid Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 3 (1985): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239793.

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A comprehensive field test was performed to evaluate the suitability of H-Coal middle distillate and full-range Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) coal-derived liquids (CDLs) as utility combustion turbine fuels. A Westinghouse W251AA 26 MW combustion turbine operated by the Philadelphia Electric Company was the test engine. No. 2 petroleum distillate fuel was also fired to establish baseline data. This program was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute. Site modifications included a temporary CDL storage and fuel transfer system, water storage and injection equipment, an instrumented combus

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Ozalp, Nesrin, Christian Sattler, James F. Klausner, and James E. Miller. "Making Fuel While the Sun Shines." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 01 (2015): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-jan-4.

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This article explores uses of solar energy as a substitute to fossil fuels. Solar energy is usually considered in terms of making electricity; however, it also has the potential to supplant fossil fuels in the production of liquid fuels, and in driving endothermic industrial processes. Solar thermochemical processes are feasible, and a solar power concentration process that harnesses sunlight’s infrared energy is the best suited technology for making solar fuels a reality. Another area in which solar commodity production may have advantages over traditional industrial practice is in the separa

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34

Azad, Abdul-Majeed, and Desikan Sundararajan. "A Phenomenological Study on the Synergistic Role of Precious Metals in the Steam Reforming of Logistic Fuels on Bimetal-Supported Catalysts." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/496038.

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Fuel processors are required to convert sulfur-laden logistic fuels into hydrogen-rich reformate and deliver to the fuel cell stack with little or no sulfur. Since sulfur poisons and deactivates the reforming catalyst, robust sulfur-tolerant catalysts ought to be developed. In this paper, the development, characterization and evaluation of a series of reforming catalysts containing two noble metals (with total metal loading not exceeding 1 weight percent) supported on nanoscale ceria for the steam-reforming of kerosene is reported. Due to inherent synergy, a bimetallic catalyst is superior to

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35

Masjuki, H., M. Z. Abdulmuin, and H. S. Sii. "Indirect injection diesel engine operation on palm oil methyl esters and its emulsions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 4 (1997): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526443.

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Results of exhaust emissions and lube oil analysis of a diesel engine fuelled with Malaysian palm oil diesel (POD or palm oil methyl esters) and ordinary diesel (OD) emulsions containing 5 and 10 per cent of water by volume are compared with those obtained when 100 per cent POD and OD fuel were used. Very promising results have been obtained. Neither the lower cetane number of POD fuel nor its emulsification with water presented any obstacle to the operation of a diesel engine during steady state engine tests and the 20 hour endurance tests. Polymerization and carbon deposits on fuel injector

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36

Teubler, Jens, Sebastian Kiefer, and Christa Liedtke. "Metals for Fuels? The Raw Material Shift by Energy-Efficient Transport Systems in Europe." Resources 7, no. 3 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources7030049.

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The long-term transition towards a low-carbon transport sector is a key strategy in Europe. This includes the replacement of fossil fuels, modal shifts towards public transport as well as higher energy efficiency in the transport sector overall. While these energy savings are likely to reduce the direct greenhouse gas emissions of transport, they also require the production of new and different vehicles. This study analyses in detail whether final energy savings in the transport sector also induce savings for material resources from nature if the production of future vehicles is considered. Th

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37

Venkatesan, S. P., and P. N. Kadiresh. "Effects of Nano-Sized Metal Oxide Additive on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of C I Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.389.

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An Experimental investigation was carried out to determine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of diesel engine using nanoaluminum oxide (n-Al2O3) blended diesel fuel. The n-Al2O3 of size 40 nm was blended into diesel fuel. The different dosing levels studied were 250mg, 500mg, 750mg, and 1000mg. Each dosing levels of nanoparticles were mixed with one litre of diesel to prepare test fuels. The n-Al2O3was dispersed by means of an ultrasonic vibrator in order to produce uniform dispersion of n-Al2O3 in the diesel fuel. nanoAl2O3possess better combustion characteristics and enha

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Puszkiel, Julián, Aurelien Gasnier, Guillermina Amica, and Fabiana Gennari. "Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010163.

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Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH4 is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH2/m3) hydrogen d

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Nagarajan, K., B. Prabhakara Reddy, Suddhasattwa Ghosh, et al. "Development of Pyrochemical Reprocessing for Spent Metal Fuels." Energy Procedia 7 (2011): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.057.

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Zheng, Jian, James Jon Strohm, and Chunshan Song. "Steam reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for micro-fuel cells. Pre-reforming of model jet fuels over supported metal catalysts." Fuel Processing Technology 89, no. 4 (2008): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.11.024.

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Meier, Anton, and Aldo Steinfeld. "Solar Thermochemical Production of Fuels." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.303.

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High-temperature thermochemical processes efficiently convert concentrated solar energy into storable and transportable fuels. In the long run, H2O/CO2-splitting thermochemical cycles based on metal oxide redox reactions are developed to produce H2 and CO, which can be further processed to synthetic liquid fuels. In a transition period, carbonaceous feedstocks (fossil fuels, biomass, C-containing wastes) are solar-upgraded and transformed into valuable fuels via reforming, gasification and decomposition processes. The most promising solar thermochemical processes are discussed and the latest t

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Gandhi, H. S. "Technical Considerations for Catalysts for the European Market." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 4 (1988): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_179_02.

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The durability of automotive catalysts for European applications were investigated as a function of higher temperatures encountered in autobahn driving over extended periods of time, potentially higher lead levels anticipated in the beginning in European unleaded fuels and occasional misfuelling with leaded fuels. Increasing residual lead levels from 3 mg Pb/L to 10 mg Pb/L in laboratory experiments at 1000°C peak temperature substantially decreased three-way catalyst (TWC) performance. Higher temperature ageing conditions from 730 to 1000°C resulted in 50 per cent loss of BET area and increas

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Zhao, Shu-Na, Guangbo Wang, Dirk Poelman, and Pascal Van Der Voort. "Metal Organic Frameworks Based Materials for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112947.

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The increase in environmental pollution due to the excessive use of fossil fuels has prompted the development of alternative and sustainable energy sources. As an abundant and sustainable energy, solar energy represents the most attractive and promising clean energy source for replacing fossil fuels. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are easily constructed and can be tailored towards favorable photocatalytic properties in pollution degradation, organic transformations, CO2 reduction and water splitting. In this review, we first summarize the different roles of MOF materials in the photoredox che

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Feng, Da-Ming, Ying Sun, Zhao-Qing Liu, Yun-Pei Zhu, and Tian-Yi Ma. "Designing Nanostructured Metal-Based CO2 Reduction Electrocatalysts." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (2019): 3079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16648.

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Capture and conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the most sought-after hot points at the scientific frontier. Driven by renewable energy derived electricity, the heterogeneous electrocatalyic CO2 reduction has attracted intensive interests because of the easy manipulation and high-energy-density fuels supply. Metals with general abundance and robust ability for activating CO2 have been adopted as the core-atom for developing advanced CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. As the dramatic development of nano-technology, the nanostructured metal-based materials become promis

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Toshima, Naoki. "Metal nanoparticles for energy conversion." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 2 (2013): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-08-17.

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Energy has emerged as a strategic priority not only in research but also in all aspects of human lives. Most worldwide problems could be solved if energy were plentiful. In order to solve the energy problem, the following methods could be applicable: the creation of electricity from renewable energy resources, increase in conversion efficiency from fossil fuels to electricity, recovery of electricity from exhaust heat energy, and reduction of energy consumption. Nanotechnologies have already shown good promise in addressing and offering solutions in these priority areas. Here, we have demonstr

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ABANADES. "Metal Oxides Applied to Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy." ChemEngineering 3, no. 3 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3030063.

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Solar thermochemical processes have the potential to efficiently convert high-temperature solar heat into storable and transportable chemical fuels such as hydrogen. In such processes, the thermal energy required for the endothermic reaction is supplied by concentrated solar energy and the hydrogen production routes differ as a function of the feedstock resource. While hydrogen production should still rely on carbonaceous feedstocks in a transition period, thermochemical water-splitting using metal oxide redox reactions is considered to date as one of the most attractive methods in the long-te

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Kim, Gyeong-Min, Dae-Gyun Lee, and Chung-Hwan Jeon. "Fundamental Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Woody and Herbaceous Biomass Fuels." Energies 12, no. 6 (2019): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061008.

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Biomass fuels are increasingly being viewed as viable alternatives for energy production in biomass-fired power plants and coal-fired power plants, which aim to employ co-firing technologies to achieve CO2 emission reductions. In this study, wood pellets (woody biomass) and kenaf (herbaceous biomass) were fully characterized in terms of their elemental compositions, pyrolysis, and char oxidation kinetics. Kinetic parameters were obtained through the application of the multi-Gaussian distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and Kissinger equation. Analyses of the ash indicated that, unlike co

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Terrani, Kurt A., Jim O. Kiggans, and Lance L. Snead. "Fabrication and preliminary evaluation of metal matrix microencapsulated fuels." Journal of Nuclear Materials 427, no. 1-3 (2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.04.010.

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Pasel, Joachim, Sebastian Wohlrab, Mikhail Rotov, Katrin Löhken, Ralf Peters, and Detlef Stolten. "Hydrogen production from bio-fuels using precious metal catalysts." E3S Web of Conferences 23 (2017): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20172303002.

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OHTA, Hirokazu, Takanari OGATA, Dimitrios PAPAIOANNOU, et al. "Development of Fast Reactor Metal Fuels Containing Minor Actinides." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (2011): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2011.9711746.

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