Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metal oxide varistor

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Academic literature on the topic 'Metal oxide varistor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Metal oxide varistor"

1

Mielcarek, Witold, Slavko Bernik, and Krystyna Prociów. "Relations between the Morphology of ZnO Powders and the Electrical Performance of ZnO Varistors." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.672.

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Because of their unusual properties – non-ohmic behavior and the ability to absorb a lot of energy – metal-oxide varistors are widely used for the protection of electrical and electronic devices against over-voltages. ZnO ceramics have varistor properties because of their metal-oxide additives and the microstructures developed during sintering. The value of the varistor voltage depends largely on the number of conducting ZnO grains between the electrodes; this can be set by controlling the thickness of the device or the size of the grains. The desired grain size can be achieved by altering the composition of the metal-oxide additives and the sintering conditions. In this work the grain growth was controlled by combining two ZnO powders of differing sinterability in the starting material. Also, the use of BaBiO2.77 as a precursor for Bi2O3 is an innovation in varistor technology that makes it possible to reduce the amount of added metal oxides. As a result, a variety of varistors with good varistor properties and a wide range of working parameters were produced.
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2

Frigura-Iliasa, Flaviu Mihai, Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru, and Doru Vatau. "New Technical Parameters and Operational Improvements of the Metal Oxide Varistors Manufacturing Process." Processes 7, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010018.

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At the beginning, this article details the manufacturing procedures for varistor materials. Starting from the initial composition of two large series of varistors (those with two additive oxides and those with five additive oxides), there is a major overview of the main stages of the technological process and the equipment used for the production, emphasizing the technological changes that were made. The article continues with the study of the influence of the sintering pressure and the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of the varistor materials made before. There were two experimental series of 7 varistors, one series based on 2 additive oxides and one based on 5 additive oxides. Each varistor of these series was sintered at another temperature, the fundamental purpose being to determine an optimal sintering temperature for each chemical composition. A second activity consisted of manufacturing two more series of varistors with the same chemical composition (2 oxides and 5 additive oxides), which were sintered at two different pressures, for having a set of conclusions on the influence of sintering pressure on the electric performances. All conclusions are underlying a new process for manufacturing metal oxide based varistors.
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3

Tonkoshkur, A. S., I. V. Gomilko, and A. Yu Lyashkov. "Percolation effects in the capacitive properties of metal-oxide varistors in the range of high voltage." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 04, no. 02 (2014): 1450013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x14500131.

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C–V characteristics of ZnO -based ceramic structures used in manufacturing high-voltage and low-voltage varistors of different chemical compositions and manufacturing techniques have been investigated. A correlation between the intensity of electric field corresponding to transition of the C–V characteristics to the negative capacitances and average sizes of grains of a varistor structure has been established. Obtained data have been interpreted with the use of notions of the percolation theory of electric conductivity. The Shklovskii–De Gennes model has been used. It has been shown that on the highly nonlinear segment of C–V characteristics of a varistor structure, the size of an infinite cluster are limited to several intercrystallite potential barriers. This result is observed in all kinds of investigated varistor ceramics.
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4

Sung, Gun Yong, Stuart McKernan, and C. Barry Carter. "Grain boundaries in zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100154962.

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Since the development of the zinc oxide-based varistor with highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and high energy absorption capabilities [1], the electro-physical behavior of non-ohmic ZnO varistors has been studied and related to the microstructure of the material, the conduction and degradation mechanisms, the dielectric properties, and the high pressure memory. An extensive research effort has been aimed at characterizing ZnO/ZnO grain boundary regions in order to explain the origin of the nonlinear current/voltage characteristics of these materials [2-4]. A typical ZnO-varistor material contains small concentrations of several metal oxides (e.g., Bi2O3, CoO, MnO, Sb2O3, and Cr2O3). Co and Mn are contained within the ZnO grains, while the other “impurities are present as several polymorphic forms of Bi2O3, the spinel, Zn7Sb2O12, and the pyrochlore Zn2Bi3Sb3O14, are present as intergranular phases [1,5-7]. The breakdown voltage depends on the number of grain boundaries between the electrodes of the ZnO varistor device [8]. Therefore, the breakdown voltage is influenced by the presence and form of these intergranular phases, and the size, shape and distribution of the ZnO grains. In ZnO-Bi2O3-MnO-TiO2-based varistor materials, the morphology of the ZnO grains is strongly influenced by their tendency to grow preferentially along the directions perpendicular to the prism planes [9] (i.e., the basal plane becomes a common grain boundary facet plane). The aim of the present study is to advance the understanding of the role of the special grain boundaries which are found in air-quenched Zn0-Bi2O3-MnO-TiO2-based varistor materials.
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5

Frigura-Iliasa, Flaviu, Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru, and Doru Vatau. "Case Study about the Energy Absorption Capacity of Metal Oxide Varistors with Thermal Coupling." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030536.

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Metal oxide varistors are applied today inside modern surge arresters for overvoltage protection for all voltage levels. Their main issue is the thermal activation of their crossing current, which could lead to complete destruction by thermal runaway. This article presents a new technological solution developed in order to increase the thermal stability of metal oxide varistors. It consists in connecting in parallel two or more similar varistors (for dividing their current), having a thermal coupling between them (for equalizing their temperatures and forcing them to act together and simultaneously as much as possible). Starting from a finite element computer model performed for each situation (varistor standalone or parallel), up to real measurements, the thermal stability of the equipment was analyzed in permanent and impulse regime. Experiments were carried out in the same conditions. Experimental data obtain from two disk varistors corresponds very well to simulations, proving that parallel connection of varistors, combined with a thermal exchange between them is an efficient technical solution for thermal stability improvement, even if not apparently economically justified.
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6

Tsukamoto, Naoyuki, and Masaru Ishii. "Change of Varistor Voltage of Metal-oxide Varistor Influenced by Impulse Currents." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 135, no. 6 (2015): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.135.400.

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7

Tonkoshkur, Alexander Sergeevich, and Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanchenko. "The effect of negative capacitance in varistor structure on the basis of its models with voltage drop on the intergranular interlayer." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 11, no. 4 (2015): 598–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-04-2015-0021.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is modeling the effect of negative capacitance in the capacitance-voltage characteristic of the intergranular potential barrier of varistor structure. Design/methodology/approach – The modeling of the capacitance-voltage characteristic of the intergranular barrier in metal oxide varistor ceramics is based on the development of the algorithm. It includes all the known mechanisms of electrotransfer in a wide range of voltages and currents, and also takes into account the voltage drop on the intergranular interlayer of intergranular potential barrier. Findings – The models and algorithms for calculating the capacitance-voltage characteristics of a single intergranular potential barrier with the use of the most established understanding used at the interpretation of the nonlinear conductivity intergranular barrier are developed. The results of the capacitance-voltage characteristics modeling correspond to the existing understanding of the electrical properties on the ac current varistor ceramics are based on zinc oxide. The model allows to predict the behavior of varistors on the alternating current (voltage). Originality/value – It is established that the recharge of the surface localized states occurs when a voltage is applied to the varistor structure, it can lead to a relaxation decrease in the width of the potential barrier overcome by tunneling electrons in the field emission from the conduction band of the one crystallite in the conduction band of the other crystallite and thus to the current backlog of applied voltage on the phase (i.e. the expression of the negative capacitance effect).
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8

Chiou, Bi-Shiou, Tzuu-Chian Chen, and Jenq-Gong Duh. "A ZnO varistor derived from metal oxide diffusion." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 22, no. 6 (1989): 844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/22/6/023.

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9

Gutknecht, Toni, Anna Gustafsson, Christer Forsgren, Christian Ekberg, and Britt-Marie Steenari. "Investigations into Recycling Zinc from Used Metal Oxide Varistors via pH Selective Leaching: Characterization, Leaching, and Residue Analysis." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/653219.

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Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are a type of resistor with significantly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics commonly used in power lines to protect against overvoltages. If a proper recycling plan is developed MOVs can be an excellent source of secondary zinc because they contain over 90 weight percent zinc oxide. The oxides of antimony, bismuth, and to a lesser degree cobalt, manganese, and nickel are also present in varistors. Characterization of the MOV showed that cobalt, nickel, and manganese were not present in the varistor material at concentrations greater than one weight percent. This investigation determined whether a pH selective dissolution (leaching) process can be utilized as a starting point for hydrometallurgical recycling of the zinc in MOVs. This investigation showed it was possible to selectively leach zinc from the MOV without coleaching of bismuth and antimony by selecting a suitable pH, mainly higher than 3 for acids investigated. It was not possible to leach zinc without coleaching of manganese, cobalt, and nickel. It can be concluded from results obtained with the acids used, acetic, hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric, that sulfate leaching produced the most desirable results with respect to zinc leaching and it is also used extensively in industrial zinc production.
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10

Wang, Guoming, Woo-Hyun Kim, Jong-Hyuk Lee, and Gyung-Suk Kil. "Condition monitoring and deterioration analysis of metal oxide varistor." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 5 (2018): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0051.

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Abstract With the growing demand for application of metal-oxide varistor (MOV) in low-voltage electronic circuits for overvoltage protection, it is necessary to ensure its performance to avoid the short-circuit and the line-to-ground fault during operation. In this paper, a precise leakage current analyzer was developed to detect the total leakage current and third harmonic component of MOV for its condition monitoring. The voltage- and temperature-dependent measuring uncertainties were compensated using the multipliers. In addition, the deterioration characteristics of the MOV and the newly developed thermally protected metal-oxide varistor (TMOV) were investigated in the accelerated aging test. From the experimental results, the MOV deteriorated much faster under the lightning current impulse synchronized with power-frequency voltage. The thermally activated fuse of TMOV exploded under two types of impulses, which indicated that the TMOV is much more vulnerable and that it is difficult to diagnose the condition of energized TMOV in advance.
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