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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal oxide varistor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Mielcarek, Witold, Slavko Bernik, and Krystyna Prociów. "Relations between the Morphology of ZnO Powders and the Electrical Performance of ZnO Varistors." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.672.

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Because of their unusual properties – non-ohmic behavior and the ability to absorb a lot of energy – metal-oxide varistors are widely used for the protection of electrical and electronic devices against over-voltages. ZnO ceramics have varistor properties because of their metal-oxide additives and the microstructures developed during sintering. The value of the varistor voltage depends largely on the number of conducting ZnO grains between the electrodes; this can be set by controlling the thickness of the device or the size of the grains. The desired grain size can be achieved by altering the

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2

Frigura-Iliasa, Flaviu Mihai, Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru, and Doru Vatau. "New Technical Parameters and Operational Improvements of the Metal Oxide Varistors Manufacturing Process." Processes 7, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010018.

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At the beginning, this article details the manufacturing procedures for varistor materials. Starting from the initial composition of two large series of varistors (those with two additive oxides and those with five additive oxides), there is a major overview of the main stages of the technological process and the equipment used for the production, emphasizing the technological changes that were made. The article continues with the study of the influence of the sintering pressure and the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of the varistor materials made before. There were two exp

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3

Tonkoshkur, A. S., I. V. Gomilko, and A. Yu Lyashkov. "Percolation effects in the capacitive properties of metal-oxide varistors in the range of high voltage." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 04, no. 02 (2014): 1450013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x14500131.

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C–V characteristics of ZnO -based ceramic structures used in manufacturing high-voltage and low-voltage varistors of different chemical compositions and manufacturing techniques have been investigated. A correlation between the intensity of electric field corresponding to transition of the C–V characteristics to the negative capacitances and average sizes of grains of a varistor structure has been established. Obtained data have been interpreted with the use of notions of the percolation theory of electric conductivity. The Shklovskii–De Gennes model has been used. It has been shown that on th

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4

Sung, Gun Yong, Stuart McKernan, and C. Barry Carter. "Grain boundaries in zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100154962.

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Since the development of the zinc oxide-based varistor with highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and high energy absorption capabilities [1], the electro-physical behavior of non-ohmic ZnO varistors has been studied and related to the microstructure of the material, the conduction and degradation mechanisms, the dielectric properties, and the high pressure memory. An extensive research effort has been aimed at characterizing ZnO/ZnO grain boundary regions in order to explain the origin of the nonlinear current/voltage characteristics of these materials [2-4]. A typical ZnO-varistor

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5

Simo, Attila, Flaviu Mihai Frigura-Iliasa, Mihaela Frigura-Iliasa, and Petru Andea. "Improvements in the Electronic Performance of ZnO-Based Varistors by Modifying the Manufacturing Process Parameters." Electronics 12, no. 24 (2023): 4922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12244922.

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Varistors processed from mixtures of certain metal oxides (as additives to the main component, zinc oxide, ZnO), called MOVs, represent the devices most used for overvoltage protection and are integrated into the construction of high-performance surge arresters. The manufacturing process of these powerful electronic devices is crucial for their electronic performance. For manufacturing temperature-related studies, we used two seven-varistor experimental series: one based on two added oxides and the other on five ones. The main goal of these series was to identify the suitable sintering tempera

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6

Frigura-Iliasa, Flaviu, Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru, and Doru Vatau. "Case Study about the Energy Absorption Capacity of Metal Oxide Varistors with Thermal Coupling." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030536.

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Metal oxide varistors are applied today inside modern surge arresters for overvoltage protection for all voltage levels. Their main issue is the thermal activation of their crossing current, which could lead to complete destruction by thermal runaway. This article presents a new technological solution developed in order to increase the thermal stability of metal oxide varistors. It consists in connecting in parallel two or more similar varistors (for dividing their current), having a thermal coupling between them (for equalizing their temperatures and forcing them to act together and simultane

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7

Tonkoshkur, Alexander Sergeevich, and Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanchenko. "The effect of negative capacitance in varistor structure on the basis of its models with voltage drop on the intergranular interlayer." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 11, no. 4 (2015): 598–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-04-2015-0021.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is modeling the effect of negative capacitance in the capacitance-voltage characteristic of the intergranular potential barrier of varistor structure. Design/methodology/approach – The modeling of the capacitance-voltage characteristic of the intergranular barrier in metal oxide varistor ceramics is based on the development of the algorithm. It includes all the known mechanisms of electrotransfer in a wide range of voltages and currents, and also takes into account the voltage drop on the intergranular interlayer of intergranular potential barrier. Findings

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8

Ivanchenko, A. V., and A. S. Tonkoshkur. "Influence of ambient temperature on electrical properties of varistor-positor structure." Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре, no. 1-3 (2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15222/tkea2022.1-3.03.

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Recently, the combined two-layer structure based on varistor ceramics and polymer posistor nanocomposites with carbon filler (known as PolySwitch resettable fuses) has been seen as one of the promising elements for protecting electrical circuits from long-term overvoltages. The varistor and posistor layers are in thermal contact. The main functional property of such a structure is a sharp increase (by several orders of magnitude) in the electrical resistance of the posistor nanocomposite layer during the transfer of thermal energy from the varistor layer heated by overvoltage. Detailed informa

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9

Tsukamoto, Naoyuki, and Masaru Ishii. "Change of Varistor Voltage of Metal-oxide Varistor Influenced by Impulse Currents." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 135, no. 6 (2015): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.135.400.

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10

Gutknecht, Toni, Anna Gustafsson, Christer Forsgren, Christian Ekberg, and Britt-Marie Steenari. "Investigations into Recycling Zinc from Used Metal Oxide Varistors via pH Selective Leaching: Characterization, Leaching, and Residue Analysis." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/653219.

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Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are a type of resistor with significantly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics commonly used in power lines to protect against overvoltages. If a proper recycling plan is developed MOVs can be an excellent source of secondary zinc because they contain over 90 weight percent zinc oxide. The oxides of antimony, bismuth, and to a lesser degree cobalt, manganese, and nickel are also present in varistors. Characterization of the MOV showed that cobalt, nickel, and manganese were not present in the varistor material at concentrations greater than one weight percent.

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11

Wu, Liwei, Caihong Guo, Jinping Wu, and Zhenzhen Xie. "Defect Analysis and Process Improvement of Metal-Oxide Arrester." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2296, no. 1 (2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2296/1/012021.

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Abstract Metal-Oxide Arresters are important equipment to ensure the reliable operation of power systems. An experimental protocol for judging the nature of MOA defects accurately is introduced in this paper and applied to engineering practice. Through diagnostic tests and dismantling inspections, it is determined that a certain batch of 110kV line MOA has a familial defect of poor sealing. Then, the reasons for dampness are analyzed, and other defects except the dampness of the varistor are discovered. Besides, the improvement of manufacturing process is proposed from aspects of terminal stru

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12

Wang, Guoming, Woo-Hyun Kim, Jong-Hyuk Lee, and Gyung-Suk Kil. "Condition monitoring and deterioration analysis of metal oxide varistor." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 5 (2018): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0051.

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Abstract With the growing demand for application of metal-oxide varistor (MOV) in low-voltage electronic circuits for overvoltage protection, it is necessary to ensure its performance to avoid the short-circuit and the line-to-ground fault during operation. In this paper, a precise leakage current analyzer was developed to detect the total leakage current and third harmonic component of MOV for its condition monitoring. The voltage- and temperature-dependent measuring uncertainties were compensated using the multipliers. In addition, the deterioration characteristics of the MOV and the newly d

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13

Chiou, Bi-Shiou, Tzuu-Chian Chen, and Jenq-Gong Duh. "A ZnO varistor derived from metal oxide diffusion." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 22, no. 6 (1989): 844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/22/6/023.

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14

S. Tonkoshkur, Alexander, and Alexander V. Ivanchenko. "Modeling of current-voltage characteristic of the intergranular barrier in metal oxide varistor ceramics." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 10, no. 3 (2014): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-11-2013-0066.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a generalized model of the nonlinear conductivity of varistor ceramic suitable for solving problems of prediction and control of ceramic nonlinearity, stability of varistor properties. Design/methodology/approach – The modeling of current-voltage characteristic of the intergranular barrier in metal oxide varistor ceramics is based on the development of the algorithm. It includes all the known mechanisms of electrotransfer in a wide range of voltages and currents of the current-voltage characteristics, and also takes into account the deviation o

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15

Xu, Bo, Lei Wang, Mengfan Yang, Yu Xiang, and Lingyun Liu. "Effect of Co-Doping of Al3+, In3+, and Y3+ on the Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors under Pre-Synthesizing BiSbO4." Materials 17, no. 6 (2024): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17061401.

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Under the premise of using the solid-phase method to pre-sinter Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 into BiSbO4 as a substitute for equal amounts of Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 in the formula, the effects of co-doping with In(NO3)3, Al(NO3)3, and Y(NO3)3 on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO varistors were studied. The experimental results show that with an increase in In3+-doped molar concentration, the leakage current of the ZnO varistor shows a rapid decrease and then a slow increase trend. However, the nonlinear coefficient is the opposite of it. With the combined effect of the rare earth element Y3+, th

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16

Lungu, Magdalena Valentina. "Effects of Dopants and Processing Parameters on the Properties of ZnO-V2O5-Based Varistors Prepared by Powder Metallurgy: A Review." Materials 16, no. 10 (2023): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103725.

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This article reviews the progress in developing ZnO-V2O5-based metal oxide varistors (MOVs) using powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. The aim is to create new, advanced ceramic materials for MOVs with comparable or superior functional properties to ZnO-Bi2O3 varistors using fewer dopants. The survey emphasizes the importance of a homogeneous microstructure and desirable varistor properties, such as high nonlinearity (α), low leakage current density (JL), high energy absorption capability, reduced power loss, and stability for reliable MOVs. This study investigates the effect of V2O5 and MO addi

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17

Edirisinghe, Mahesh, Raul Montaño, Vernon Cooray, and F. Roman. "Performance Comparison of Varistor Models under High Current Derivative Impulses." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (September 2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.40.

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Surge protective devices (SPD) testing procedures are mainly performed with standard current pulse types. However, none of these standard current waveforms reproduce the very fast rise time and the large peak current derivatives observed in subsequent return strokes. In the literature there are several mathematical models to represent metal oxide varistor that have been developed based on standard impulse conditions. These models are being used routinely in the analysis of the various electronic circuits under transient conditions. In this paper, a study was conducted to have a performance com

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18

Edirisinghe, Mahesh, Raul Montaño, Vernon Cooray, and F. Roman. "Performance Comparison of Varistor Models under High Current Derivative Impulses." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (April 2, 2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-w4ws97.

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Surge protective devices (SPD) testing procedures are mainly performed with standard current pulse types. However, none of these standard current waveforms reproduce the very fast rise time and the large peak current derivatives observed in subsequent return strokes. In the literature there are several mathematical models to represent metal oxide varistor that have been developed based on standard impulse conditions. These models are being used routinely in the analysis of the various electronic circuits under transient conditions. In this paper, a study was conducted to have a performance com

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19

Lončar, B., M. Vujisić, K. Stanković, and P. Osmokrović. "Stability of Metal-Oxide Varistor Characteristics in Exploitation Conditions." Acta Physica Polonica A 116, no. 6 (2009): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.116.1081.

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20

Zola, J. G. "Simple Model of Metal Oxide Varistor for Pspice Simulation." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 23, no. 10 (2004): 1491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2004.835134.

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21

Makovec, D., D. Kolar, and M. Trontelj. "Sintering and microstructural development of metal oxide varistor ceramics." Materials Research Bulletin 28, no. 8 (1993): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(93)90021-5.

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22

LUNGU, MAGDALENA-VALENTINA, ALINA CARAMITU, MIHAI MARIN, et al. "PERFORMANCE OF ZINC OXIDE-VANADIUM PENTOXIDE VARISTORS IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE SURGE ARRESTERS." REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 69, no. 2 (2024): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrst-ee.2024.2.11.

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Metal oxide varistor (MOV) discs (Ø28 mm × 12 mm) made of 97.5 mol.% zinc oxide (ZnO), and 0.5 mol.% each of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), tin (IV) oxide (SnO2), antimony(III) oxide (Sb2O3), cobalt(II, III) oxide (Co3O4), and chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) additives were produced using powder metallurgy. The obtained MOVs were polycrystalline with high density. This study focused on analyzing the microstructure and mechanical and electrical properties of the MOVs. The developed MOVs had a fine-grained microstructure with an average ZnO grain size of about 10 μm. The Ag-coated MOV discs tested in a r

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23

Rocha, Simone Aparecida, Rodrigo Tomas Nogueira Cardoso, Eduardo Gonzaga Da Silveira, and Alex-Sander Amavel Luiz. "Application of Nonlinear Optimization for Fault Location in Transmission Lines with Series Compensation Protected by Varistors." Energies 16, no. 15 (2023): 5595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155595.

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This paper introduces a novel approach to fault localization in transmission lines with series compensation using nonlinear optimization. The objective function minimization provides information on the fault distance and the current at which the protective varistor starts conducting. Terminal source data, the maximum current capacity of the capacitor, and the operating curve of the metal oxide varistor protection element are not required. The proposed method successfully met the predefined objectives, with a maximum error of 1.13% in simulated scenarios. In validating the method using real cas

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24

Sung, Gun Yong, Stuart McKernan, and C. Barry Carter. "Flat interfaces in zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 2 (1992): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0474.

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Four types of structurally different, flat interfaces have been observed in ZnO-based varistor ceramics containing metal-oxides additives (Bi, Mn, and Ti) by bright-field and high-resolution imaging in a transmission electron microscope. Orientation relationships have been characterized by selected-area diffraction. The faceting of ZnO grains when in contact with β–Bi2O3 is discussed in relation to the anisotropic growth of the ZnO grains which leads to pronounced faceting parallel to (0001) planes.

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Bhatt, Srishti, and Dr. Shirish C. Bali. "Failure Analysis of Metal Oxide Varistor used in Wireless Charger of Automotive Vehicle." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 5, no. 1 (2025): 1433–45. https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.5.1.4.

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Automotive advancement mainly focuses on Personalization, Automation, Connectivity and Electrification (PACE) which includes advancement in wireless and telecommunication domain. Different mobile wireless-charging technologies are being developed in recent automotive trends. This enables the smartphone to start charging simply by placing on the charging pad. The heart of the technology is its Printed Circuit Board (PCB) which contains multiple power-electronics to meet the customer demands. Epoxy moulded chip type Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) is a widely used in automotive sector. In present stu

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26

Kim, Tae-Ki, Hee-Kyung Shin, and Bok-Hee Lee. "Coordination of Cascaded Metal Oxide Varistor-Based Surge Protective Devices." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 29, no. 6 (2015): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2015.29.6.070.

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27

Elayyan, H. S. B., and S. N. Al-Refaie. "Dielectric relaxation assessment of a heat treated metal oxide varistor." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 150, no. 4 (2003): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20030453.

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28

Zhang, Sa, Zhong Hou Xu, Shi Chen, You Sheng Xu, and Gen Hua Wu. "The Design Principle and Application of Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor TMOV." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1851.

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Metal oxide varistors referred to as MOV were widely applied due to its excellent non-linear volt-ampere characteristic. In spite of its predominant function and using, MOV is always failed in value due to the increased temperature of MOV itself under an applied external field. The varistors assembly with an fusible alloy type thermal cutoff (called TMOV as follows) was designed in this paper, and it can make MOV avoid over-heat from degradation, failure and thus can prevent from fire hidden trouble, which was confirmed by experiments. It is really a very important technological improvement an

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29

Petrenci, Razvan, Mihaela Frigura-Iliasa, Flaviu M. Frigura-Iliasa, Marius Mirica, Lia Dolga, and Hannelore E. Filipescu. "CAD based design of a high energy absorption metal oxide varistor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1195 (April 2019): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1195/1/012024.

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Tonkoshkur, Yu A., A. Yu Lyashkov, and A. S. Tonkoshkur. "Isothermal depolarization current in metal-oxide varistor ceramics under various polarizing fields." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, no. 02 (2013): 1350016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x13500161.

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A method of analysis of experimental kinetic dependences of isothermal depolarization currents in metal-oxide varistor ceramics composed of ZnO – Bi 2 O 3– CoO – Sb 2 O 3– SnO 2– MnO – B 2 O 3 has been proposed and tested. The method is based on reconstruction of dependences with the use of the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watt function. Expansion of the distribution and reduction of the average time of dielectric relaxation of the depolarization were found as the magnitude of the polarizing electric field increased. These findings have been interpreted in the framework of the notion of participation i

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31

Síťař, Vladislav, and Jan Veleba. "Modelling of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters in Simulation Software DYNAST." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 6, no. 1 (2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2017.1.021.

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This paper describes the possibilities for mathematical modelling of gap-less surge arresters in simulation software DYNAST. This tool does not belong to standard modelling softwares in the field of electric power engineering. However, it may provide some key advantages when compared to more frequently used softwares such as EMTP-ATP and MATLAB-Simulink. Description of the metal oxide varistor modelling at temporary and switching overvoltages, fast-front states, and lightning strokes is presented. More information about the defined internal structure of surge arrester models and ways for imple

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32

Christodoulou, Christos, Vasiliki Vita, Valeri Mladenov, and Lambros Ekonomou. "On the Computation of the Voltage Distribution along the Non-Linear Resistor of Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arresters." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113046.

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The voltage distribution along the non-linear resistance of metal oxide surges is of great importance for their proper operation, since the non-uniform potential distribution results in higher thermal stresses of the varistor discs near the high voltage electrode, leading to a faster ageing of the discs at the top and, consequently, a downgrade in arrester effectiveness and reliability or even failures. The current work deals with the examination of the voltage distribution along the non-linear resistance of medium voltage metal oxide gapless surge arresters, using an appropriate computer tool

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Simo, Attila, Flaviu Mihai Frigura-Iliasa, Mihaela Frigura-Iliasa, Petru Andea, and Sorin Musuroi. "Service Limits for Metal Oxide Varistors Having Cylindrical Symmetry as Function of the Ambient Temperature." Symmetry 14, no. 7 (2022): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14071351.

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This article presents an original experimental method applied to assess the stability limits of a given Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV), with cylindrical symmetry (cylinder or disk shape), as a direct relation between the ambient temperature and the service rated voltage, in the permanent operational regime. As the crossing current of a certain varistor is heavily influenced by its physical temperature, we must find an empirical relationship between these two parameters for a symmetrical configuration. Each ambient temperature can increase the temperature reference and any higher voltage will also

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Shimizu, Yasuhiro, Eiichi Kanazawa, Yuji Takao, and Makoto Egashira. "H2 Sensing Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors as Varistor-Type Gas Sensors." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 117, no. 11 (1997): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.117.560.

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35

Scheffzük, Christian, Petra Kluge-Weiss, and Felix Greuter. "Varistor Ceramic: Residual Strain and Texture Analysis by Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 524-525 (September 2006): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.524-525.781.

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Strain/stress experiments for characterization of micro- and macro-strain distribution and texture experiments were carried out on a varistor ceramic using neutron-TOF-diffraction. By a radial strain scan, residual strain has been determined on the (1010 ), (0002), (1012), and (1120 ) Bragg reflections of the hexagonal ZnO as well as on the (400) reflections of the cubic spinel Zn7Sb2O12. Residual strain values in the range of -1.5x10-4 (contraction) and 4x10-4 (dilatation) were observed for ZnO, with indications of macro-strains across the cylindrical sample and substantial micro-strains betw

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Zuo, Jie, Guoqing Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Caiyun Mo, and Ziliang Li. "Research on online monitoring system for MOA based on ZnO varistor characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3000, no. 1 (2025): 012050. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3000/1/012050.

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Abstract To address the challenges in metal oxide arrester (MOA) health monitoring, where obtaining operating voltages is difficult, and the current lack of a comprehensive overvoltage measurement system for lightning overvoltage protection, this paper proposes a novel MOA model based on the characteristics of zinc oxide varistors and completes the relevant simulations. Initially, simulation tools were utilized to construct and adjust the model. The protective performance, impulse voltage measurement capability, and leakage current measurement capability of the proposed structure were verified

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37

Tonkoshkur, Alexander, and Alexander Ivanchenko. "ALGORITHM FOR SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGNING OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES OF SOLAR ARRAYS USING A VARISTOR-POSISTOR STRUCTURE." System technologies 1, no. 126 (2020): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-1-126-2020-14.

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The use of modern hardware and software design allows to effectively solve a number of problems associated with the development of various technical devices. The specificity of this approach is the development of algorithms with the capabilities of dynamic correction of the design process with the participation of the user. The algorithm of the software implementation of designing protection circuits against electrical overloads in photovoltaic modules of solar arrays using a voltage limiting device based on metal oxide varistor and posistor of the PolySwitch type being in thermal contact is d

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38

Ivanchenko, A. V., A. S. Tonkoshkur, and S. V. Mazurik. "Application of varistor-posistor structure for protection from overvoltages of photovoltaic cells of solar arrays." Journal of Physics and Electronics 27, no. 1 (2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/331913.

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The problems of reducing the cost of ensuring the safe operation of solar cells by using low-cost elements of solid-state electronics to protect against overvoltage photovoltaic cells of solar arrays are considered. The results of experimental studies of the use of a varistor-posistor structure based on a metal oxide varistor and PPTC fuses of the PolySwitch type being in thermal contact to prevent overvoltages in series connections of photovoltaic cells are presented. General schemes for using the considered solid-state structure to limit the indicated constant overvoltages are given and just

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39

Hussien Hassan Musa, Mohammed, Ling Fu, Zhengyou He, and Yumin Lei. "Faulty Phase Identification for Transmission Line with Metal Oxide Varistor-protected Series Compensator." Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 9, no. 1 (2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35833/mpce.2019.000320.

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Cui, Yan-cheng, Qi-lin Wu, Han-wu Yang, Jing-ming Gao, Song Li, and Cheng-yu Shi. "Experiments of a 100 kV-level pulse generator based on metal-oxide varistor." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 3 (2018): 034705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012555.

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Ri, Chol-Nam, Chol-Jun Kim, Song-Gol Kim, and Myong-Hak Kim. "Synthesis of the Composite Additive Fine Powders for ZnO Varistor by Low-Temperature Combustion." Nano 14, no. 05 (2019): 1950053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329201950053x.

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The composite oxide additive containing Mn, Ni, Cr and Co elements for the ZnO varistor was successfully synthesized through the low-temperature combustion synthesis approach. The combustion reaction was carried out using nitrate mixtures of Mn, Ni, Cr and Co as oxidants and hydrazine as fuel. Herein, hydrazine acts as a bidentate bridge ligand, and it forms a complex with metal nitrate. Controlling the pH value of reactant solution by adding the hydrazine had a considerable effect on the combustion characteristics of the precursor and the final synthesized powder properties. The results of th

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Kim, Sung-Yeon, Jeong-Su Park, and Wang-Sang Lee. "Development and Verification of Indirect Lightning-Induced Transient Protection Circuit for Avionics System." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (2021): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360608.

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In this paper, an indirect lightning-induced transient protection circuit for avionics system is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified. The proposed circuit consists of a metal oxide varistor (MOV), a transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode, and a resistor. Compared with the conventional circuits (MOV or TVS diode), the improved noise suppression of the proposed circuit against indirect lightning strikes are experimentally verified in accordance with radio technical commission for aeronautics (RTCA) DO-160G Sec. 22. The highest attenuation levels of indirect lightning strike WF5A refer

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He, JinLiang, Jun Hu, BoWen Meng, et al. "Requirement of ultra-high voltage GIS arrester to voltage gradient of metal-oxide varistor." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 52, no. 2 (2008): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-008-0268-5.

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Nyati, S., S. R. Atmuri, D. L. Gordon, and V. Koschik. "Metal oxide varistor to limit dynamic overvoltages at the terminals of an HVDC converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 3, no. 2 (1988): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.4322.

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Lu, Hao, Motao Zhang, Hanwu Yang, Huibo Zhang, Zicheng Zhang, and Jingming Gao. "The design of a high-voltage, long-pulse width, flat-top compensation pulse generator based on metal oxide varistors." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (2022): 054704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071272.

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In recent years, the pulse forming technology based on metal oxide varistors (MOVs) has been verified to be an effective way to generate high-voltage quasi-square pulses. Due to the limited varistor voltage of a single MOV brick, multiple MOV bricks connected in series are required to stabilize a pulse with high amplitude (larger than hundreds of kV), which leads to the rise of the series inductance of the MOV branch and the flat-top droop in the output waveform. This paper provides two solutions to reduce the influence of the MOV branch inductance on output waveforms. One is that a coaxial ev

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Wang, Kaiyuan, and Chen Jia. "A high-reliability voltage balancing circuit using MOV for series-connected HV-IGBT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2936, no. 1 (2025): 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2936/1/012008.

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Abstract The active clamping circuit can effectively suppress overvoltage and is often used for the series protection of IGBTs. However, when active clamping is in operation, it will increase the turn-off time of the IGBT. If it remains in an unbalanced voltage state for a prolonged period, this can lead to a significant increase in IGBT losses, particularly in high-voltage applications. This paper first analyzes the issue of turn-off losses under overvoltage conditions through theoretical derivation and then proposes a novel voltage-limiting circuit—Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV)—capable of absor

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Tanaka, Tokuya, Yoshihiro Baba, Yoshimasa Tsujimoto, and Naoyuki Tsukamoto. "Simplified Thermal Computation of a Metal Oxide Varistor Element under a Lightning Impulse Current Injection." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 16, no. 6 (2021): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.23375.

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Kim, Young Sun. "Failure Prediction of Metal Oxide Varistor Using Nonlinear Surge Look-up Table Based on Experimental Data." Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials 16, no. 6 (2015): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/teem.2015.16.6.317.

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Korzhov, A. V., V. I. Safonov, I. E. Korostelev, and R. M. o. Babayev. "SIMPLIFIED MODELING OF THE THERMAL REGIME OF A METAL OXIDE VARISTOR IN THE LEAKAGE CURRENT REGION." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 24, no. 3 (2024): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power240301.

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Tanaka, Tokuya, Ryosuke Tsuge, Yoshihiro Baba, Yoshimasa Tsujimoto, and Naoyuki Tsukamoto. "An Approximate Mathematical Expression for Nonlinear Resistive Properties of Metal Oxide Varistor Elements for FDTD Simulations." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 62, no. 6 (2020): 2638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2020.2983200.

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