Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metal phosphate

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Metal phosphate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Metal phosphate"

1

Dwibedi, Debasmita, Ritambhara Gond, Krishnakanth Sada, Baskar Senthilkumar, and Prabeer Barpanda. "Electrocatalytic Activity of Some Cobalt Based Sodium Phosphates in Alkaline Solution." MRS Advances 3, no. 22 (2018): 1215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.136.

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ABSTRACTThe development of efficient water oxidation catalyst is a major path to realize water splitting systems, which could benefit high performance and cost-effective metal-air batteries, fuel cells and solar energy conversion. To date, the rare crustal abundant platinum group metals rule this sector with Pt-alloys being the best for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and ruthenium oxides for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic solution. However, they show poor stability and are too expensive for large scale applications. Moreover, oxygen reduction in basic solutions can otherwise be catalysed by metal oxide with non-precious earth abundant transition metals (e.g. Fe, Co, Ni). Hence, there is a massive demand to explore noble metal free bifunctional electrocatalysts. In this work, we present the electrocatalytic activity of three cobalt based sodium phosphates namely NaCoPO4 (with one phosphate), Na2CoP2O7 (with two phosphate) NaFe2Co(PO4)3 (with three phosphate). Synthesized by solution combustion route, all these phosphates confirmed phase purity. NaCoPO4 and Na2CoP2O7 adopted orthorhombic structure with Pnma and Pna21 space group respectively; whereas NaFe2Co(PO4)3 crystallized in monoclinic (C2/c) framework. Electrocatalytic activity of these cobalt phosphates were inspected by linear sweep voltammetry with rotating disk electrode (RDE). All three showed promising bifunctional activity. In fact, the ORR activities of both orthorhombic cobalt phosphates are comparable to Vulcan carbon and Pt/C. OER activity of Na2CoP2O7 overrode other phosphates. The bifunctional activity and good stability of these sodium cobalt phosphates stem from cobalt ions and stabilization of the catalytic centres by the phosphate frameworks. The present work builds a detail structure-property correlation in these phosphate systems and also demonstrates the possibility of utilizing these sodium cobalt phosphates as alternate cost-effective, novel electrocatalysts for efficient OER/ORR activity in alkaline solution.
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Vasovic, D. D., D. R. Stojakovic, and S. P. Zec. "Metal phosphate preparation using boron phosphate." Materials Research Bulletin 32, no. 6 (June 1997): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(97)00043-3.

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Szirtes, László, László Riess, János Megyeri, and Ernõ Kuzmann. "Comparative study of layered tetravalent metal phosphates containing various first-row divalent metals. Synthesis, crystalline structure." Open Chemistry 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 516–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-007-0003-2.

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AbstractThe transition metal forms of α-zirconium-. titanium-, and hafnium phosphates were prepared by ion exchange method. Their structure was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) method. It was found that the transition metal containing phosphates have the same layered structure as the pristine tetravalent metal phosphates, except for the increase of interlayer distance from 7.6 Å to ∼9.5 Å. As a result of the incorporation of transition metals in the layers, the c-axis is increased from ∼15 Å to ∼20 Å (in the case of titanium phosphate to ∼25 Å). All other parameters (a, b and β °) are practically unchanged.
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Machorro, J. J., J. C. Olvera, A. Larios, H. M. Hernández-Hernández, M. E. Alcantara-Garduño, and G. Orozco. "Electrodialysis of Phosphates in Industrial-Grade Phosphoric Acid." ISRN Electrochemistry 2013 (December 19, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865727.

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The objective of this research was to study the purification of industrial-grade phosphoric acid (P2O5) by conventional electrodialysis. The experiments were conducted using a three-compartment cell with anion and cation membranes, and industrial acid solution was introduced into the central compartment. The elemental analysis of the diluted solution indicated that the composition of magnesium, phosphates, and sodium was reduced in the central compartment. The ratios of the concentration of the ions and the phosphates were essentially unchanged by the process. Consequently, electrodialysis could not purify the acid in the central compartment, and the migration of phosphate ions to the anolyte produced a highly concentrated phosphoric acid solution containing sulfates and chlorides as impurities. However, the migration of the phosphate ions across the membrane consumed a large amount of energy. Detailed speciation diagrams were constructed in this study. These diagrams showed that metal-phosphate complexes were predominant in the industrial phosphoric acid solution. This result explains why the ratios of the concentrations of the ion metals and the phosphates did not change in the purification process. The energy consumed in the electrodialysis indicated that the metal-phosphate complexes were less mobile than the free-phosphate ions. The speciation diagrams explained the experimental results satisfactorily.
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Zinovieva, Elena G., and Vladimir A. Efimov. "Complexes of metal salts of groups I-VIII with trialkyl (aryl) phosphates." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-49.

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The reactions of various inorganic salts of metals of groups I-VIII in the Periodic Table with trialkyl(aryl)phosphate compounds obtained new multifunctional complexes. Modern methods of physicochemical analysis studied the laws of complexation reactions. The influence of the nature and molar ratio of the starting trialkyl(aryl)phosphates, metal salts and their crystalline hydrates on the nature of the reactions between them has been revealed. It has been shown that organic phosphates with aromatic radicals are less reactive compared to trialkylphosphates. The presence of crystallization water in metal salts leads to a decrease in the rate of their reactions with trialkyl(aryl)phosphates. The most chemically active with respect to the trialkyl(aryl)phosphate compounds were tin and titanium tetrachlorides. Synthesized metalcomplex compounds were investigated as modifiers of polymer compositions. For polymer compositions, their viability was studied, which was determined by the gelation time and the compatibility of the composition with the metal complex; hardened polymer samples were tested according to standart methods for breaking stress at break, impact strength, elongation, resistance to aggressive chemical substance and fire resistance using the fire tube method. We have developed a method of obtaining epoxy polymers by carrying out two processes – partial polymerization of the epoxy oligomer with solutions of trialkylphosphate complexes with Lewis acids in the corresponding trialkylphosphates at room temperature and the subsequent confirmation of the resulting prepolymer with triethylentetramine at 80 °C. It was revealed that trialkyl(aryl)phosphate complexes of metals are promising catalysts, modifiers and flame retardants for large-capacity polymers.
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Kar, L., P. Z. De Croos, S. J. Roman, P. Matsumura, and M. E. Johnson. "Specificity and affinity of binding of phosphate-containing compounds to CheY protein." Biochemical Journal 287, no. 2 (October 15, 1992): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2870533.

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1H- and 31P-n.m.r. have been used to study the interaction of the bacterial chemotaxis protein, CheY, with ATP and a variety of other phosphates in the presence and absence of bivalent metal ions. In the metal-bound conformation, CheY will bind nucleotide phosphates and phosphates in general, while in the metal-free conformation CheY loses its affinity for phosphates. In the presence of low concentrations of nitroxide-spin-labelled ATP (SL-ATP), specific proton resonances of metal-bound CheY are suppressed, indicating that ATP binds to a specific site on this metal-bound form of the protein. These studies also show that the same resonances are affected by the binding of SL-ATP and Mn2+, indicating that the phosphate- and metal-binding sites are close to each other and to Asp-57 (the site of phosphorylation in CheY). 1H- and 31P-n.m.r. studies using ATP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ADP, AMP and inorganic phosphates show that the binding is not specific for adenine, and does not involve the base directly, but is mediated primarily by the phosphate groups. Experiments with a phosphorylation mutant (Asp-13-->Asn) suggest that the observed phosphate binding and activation of CheY by phosphorylation may be related. Our results indicate that the conformational change and charge interactions brought about by the binding of a metal ion at the active site are required for CheY to interact with a phosphate. These studies also demonstrate the utility of spin-label-induced relaxation in conjunction with two-dimensional-n.m.r. measurements for exploring ligand-binding sites.
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Yakubovich, Olga, Nellie Khasanova, and Evgeny Antipov. "Mineral-Inspired Materials: Synthetic Phosphate Analogues for Battery Applications." Minerals 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060524.

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For successful development of novel rechargeable batteries, considerable efforts should be devoted to identifying suitable cathode materials that will ensure a proper level of energy output, structural stability, and affordable cost. Among various compounds explored as electrode materials, structural analogues of minerals–natural stable inorganic solids–occupy a prominent place. The largest number of varieties of phosphate minerals occurs in rare metal granite pegmatites, and many of which contain transition metals as essential components. Transition metal phosphates are promising candidates for exploration as cathode materials due to a perfect combination of easily scalable synthesis, moderate-to-high voltage operation, thermal/chemical stability, and environmental safety. However, impurities usually presented in natural objects, and often inappropriate sample morphologies, do not permit the use of minerals as battery electrode materials. Nevertheless, the minerals of different classes, especially phosphates, are considered as prototypes for developing novel materials for battery applications. The crystal chemical peculiarities of the phosphate representatives that are most relevant in this aspect and the electrochemical characteristics of their synthetic analogues are discussed here.
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Korniy, S. А., I. М. Zin, M. O. М. Danyliak, O. P. Khlopyk, V. S. Protsenko, L. M. Bilyi, M. Ya Holovchuk, and Ya I. Zin. "Protective properties of mechanochemically fabricated zeolite/phosphate anticorrosion pigments for paint coatings." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 3 (May 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-136-3-107-112.

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The anticorrosion environmentally friendly pigments based on synthetic zeolite and zinc and calcium phosphates were prepared by mechanochemical method. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the obtained pigments were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. It was established that the modification of zeolite by phosphates of divalent metals causes a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the specific surface area of the obtained composite pigments. It was shown that the use of zeolite/phosphate pigments increases the corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy in 0.1% aqueous NaCl solution. The addition of complex zeolite/phosphate pigments to the sodium chloride solution decelerates the anodic process of electrochemical corrosion, which indicates the formation of a protective film on the metal surface. The composite pigment zeolite/Zn(H2PO4)2 exhibited the highest anticorrosive effect. A gradual release of the inhibitory components from these environmentally friendly pigments provides their long-term action to protect metal products.
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Zhu, Yuanrong, Xianming Yue, and Fazhi Xie. "Adsorptive removal of phosphate by a Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent: Adsorption capacity, influence factors, and mechanism." Adsorption Science & Technology 38, no. 7-8 (July 27, 2020): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617420942709.

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Reducing input of phosphorus is the key step for control of eutrophication and algal blooming in freshwater lakes. Adsorption technology is a cost-effective technology for phosphate removal in water for the purpose. Thus, in this study, a novel Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent was developed, and then evaluated for phosphate removal. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity could be approached to 61.80 mg g−1 at 25°C under pH of 6.03. Adsorption of phosphate by Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbent fitted better by pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model, which suggested that the adsorption process was surface chemical reactions and mainly in a monolayer coverage manner. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic process. The phosphate removal gradually decreased with the increasing of pH from 3.02 to 11.00. The sequence of coexisting anions competing with phosphates was that CO32− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Dissolved organic matter, fulvic acid as a representative, would also decrease adsorption capacities of phosphate by Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbents. Adsorption capacity would be decreased with increasing addition of adsorbents, while removal efficiency would be increased in this process. The Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbent showed a good reusability when applied to removal of dissolved phosphate from aqueous solutions. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that some hydroxyl groups (–OH) on the surface of adsorbent were replaced by the adsorbed PO43−, HPO42−, or H2PO4−. Aggregative results showed that the novel Fe–Mn–La tri-mental composite sorbent is a very promising adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.
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Wang, Liu, Zijie Zhang, Biwu Liu, Yibo Liu, Anand Lopez, Jian Wu, and Juewen Liu. "Interfacing DNA Oligonucleotides with Calcium Phosphate and Other Metal Phosphates." Langmuir 34, no. 49 (December 11, 2017): 14975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03204.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metal phosphate"

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Whiting, Gareth Thomas. "Metal phosphate and precious metal catalysts for selective oxidation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/34002/.

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The main objective researched in this thesis involves the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, using metal phosphate based catalysts. Molybdenum and vanadium phosphate based catalysts have been prepared, thoroughly characterised and tested as active catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. Initial investigations highlighted the relatively low activity of both metal phosphate catalysts, however, significant enhancements in the catalytic activity and formaldehyde selectivity of both materials have been achieved in this research, primarily by supporting molybdenum phosphate catalysts using a range of supports, and also promoting both molybdenum and vanadium pyrophosphates with transition metals. It was discovered that a catalyst of 10 wt% (MoO2)2P2O7 supported on SiO2 containing 1 mol% vanadium (as a promoter) achieved significantly higher formaldehyde per pass yields (>20 %) than MoO3 supported on SiO2 (reported in the literature) and comparable activity to that of the commercial iron molybdate catalyst. Due to the promotional effect of vanadium, and the known activity of V2O5 catalysts for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, molybdenum promoted (VO2)2P2O7 catalysts were tested for this reaction and reported for the first time. Catalytic studies revealed that there is a direct correlation between molybdenum content and catalytic activity, indicating a synergistic effect of the two transition metals. The penultimate chapter of this thesis involves the use of supported mono- and bi-metallic gold(palladium) catalysts and their use in both CO oxidation and selective methanol oxidation. A novel method of maintaining considerably small Au(Pd) nanoparticle size (unlike the standard thermal treatment method) has been discovered by the Hutchings group at Cardiff Catalysis Institute, involving the removal of stabilising IV ligands with a solvent extraction method. Using high resolution microscopy and a range of characterization techniques, the nanoparticle size was attributed to the surprisingly high activity achieved for both CO oxidation and methanol oxidation to methyl formate, at low temperatures which, particularly in the case of methanol oxidation, is a remarkable discovery.
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Young, Mary Jane. "Phosphate diester cleavage mediated by transition metal complexes." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40473.

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Two independent studies have been developed in this thesis. In the first study, the reactivities of metal-alkoxide and metal-hydroxide nucleophiles are compared for cleaving phosphate diesters. In the second study, the reactivity of a dinuclear metal complex is compared to a mononuclear metal complex for hydrolyzing RNA.
Copper(II) complexes of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Cu(II)bpa), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Cu(II)hebpa) and N-(3-hydroxypropyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Cu(II)hpbpa) have been synthesized and their reactivities and mechanisms for cleaving bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate (BDNPP) have been investigated. Cu(II)hpbpa is observed to be the most reactive (k = 7.2 $ times$ 10$ sp{-1}$ M$ sp{-1}$ s$ sp{-1}$ at 25$ sp circ$C, pH 8.8) for cleaving BDNPP followed by Cu(II)bpa (k = 2.0 $ times$ 10$ sp{-2}$ M$ sp{-1}$ s$ sp{-1}$) and Cu(II)hebpa (k = 2.0 $ times$ 10$ sp{-2}$ s$ sp{-1}$). HPLC product analyses indicated that Cu(II)hpbpa cleaves BDNPP mostly through transesterification while the complexes Cu(II)bpa and Cu(II)hebpa cleave BDNPP predominantly by hydrolysis. The differences in the mechanisms and the reactivities are explained in terms of the differences in the structures of the three copper(II) complexes.
Copper(II) complexes of 1,8-bis(1,4,7-triazacyclononyl-N-methyl)naphthalene (tntn), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn), and N-benzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (btacn) have been prepared and their reactivities compared for cleaving RNA. The novel dinuclear copper(II) complex, Cu(II)$ sb2$tntn, is observed to be 200-500 fold faster per metal center than the mononuclear copper(II)complexes, Cu(II)tacn and Cu(II)btacn, for cleaving a diribonucleotide, ApA, and its cyclic phosphate intermediate, $2 sp prime3 sp prime$-cAMP. Cu(II)$ sb2$tntn (2.0 mM) reduces the half life of ApA (0.05 mM) to 50 minutes (pH 6, 50$ sp circ$C); this represents a rate acceleration of approximately 10$ sp5$ fold over the background hydroxide rate. The half life of $2 sp prime3 sp prime$-cAMP (0.05 mM) is decreased to 4 minutes in the presence of Cu(II)$ sb2$tntn (2.0 mM, pH 6, 25$ sp circ$C); this represents a rate acceleration of about 10$ sp8$ fold over the background hydroxide rate.
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Chernobryva, Mariya. "Development of metal-based catalysts for phosphate ester hydrolysis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24631.

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The development of artificial metal-based catalytic systems for phosphate ester hydrolysis is the central focus of this work. Currently, significant efforts are concentrated in this field of research as phosphate esters are remarkably stable linkages and are found in the molecules of life DNA and RNA, as well as in toxic compounds, such as nerve agents, pesticides and herbicides. The thesis describes the design and synthesis of a series of N-functionalised azamacrocyclic ligands suitable for metal chelation. An efficient strategy is described, where an aminal precursor is used for the selective N-alkylation of a cyclen moiety, in order to obtain non-bridged and ethylene-bridged cyclen-based ligands. Thereafter, the synthesis of the tetraamine Co(III) and Zn(II) aqua-hydroxo complexes is detailed, followed by a study of the coordination chemistry of Co(III)-based cyclen complexes. Moreover, the redox behaviour of such complexes is investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The hydrolytic activity of these complexes towards phosphate ester substrates is then presented. The hydrolytic activity of the cyclen-based Co(III) complexes is shown to be extremely sensitive to modest changes in the ligand structures, even though they do not affect the coordination geometry. Cyclen-based Zn(II) complexes appear to have no appreciable activity towards hydrolysis of phosphate mono- and di-esters under the same experimental conditions. The effect of incorporating polymerisable tetraamine Co(III) complexes into the nanogels on their hydrolytic efficiency is also investigated using molecular imprinting technique. The design and synthesis of structurally similar tripodal 'click' ligands, suitable for the preparation of a range of d-block metal complexes is then presented. The coordination chemistry of the complexes of these structurally similar ligands is explored using a range of techniques including single crystal X-ray crystallography, EPR and UV-Vis spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. Due to their poor aqueous solubility various ways to improve this are also examined. Future developments of the metal-based catalysts are then discussed including key issues to be addressed to achieve their potential applications in biological systems.
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Simmons, Jane. "The structure and function of amorphous calcium phosphate biominerals." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339520.

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Montague, William. "The suitability of magnesium phosphate cement for uranium metal encapsulation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44117.

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Nuclear waste streams consist of a diversity of physical and chemical forms, requiring a toolbox approach in the application of materials to their disposal. Solid uranium metal wastes constitute a disposal challenge due to their tendency to oxidise, making encapsulation within cementitious waste packages for storage potentially troublesome. MKPC (Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement) is being considered as an alternative to Portland cement for U-metal encapsulation due to the potential for lower free water content, lower internal pH and the micro-encapsulation of radioactive isotopes as low-solubility phosphate minerals. In this work the development and characterisation of MKPCs optimised for U-metal encapsulation was undertaken. This included the investigation of MKPC property development under both near ambient and elevated temperature conditions, the performance of MKPC/U-metal wasteform corrosion trials utilising temperature elevation (to 30, 40 and 50 °C) for the acceleration of chemical kinetics, and assessment of the impact of dehydration treatments (at 50, 80 and 110 °C) on the cement properties. In general MKPC exhibited excellent processing and mechanical properties. Other significant outcomes of the work include, firstly, the determination that uranium corrosion rate dependencies in MKPC are dominated heavily by the presence of water over other chemical effects, with an anoxic activation energy of 68 ± 6 kJ/mol. Secondly, the development of a methodology for determining the bound water content of MKPC, which allowed the calculation of the extent of reaction. This enabled analysis yielding empirical strength-porosity and kinetic models of the material, capable of facilitating improved mix design for the tailoring of MKPC properties. Finally, the instability of the K-struvite matrix toward dehydration at temperatures of ≥ 72 °C has been recorded. The work concluded that MKPC has many properties which make it suitable as a general encapsulant, whilst being ultimately unsuitable for U-metal storage without further development around the reduction of water availability.
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Robson, P. "Structural studies of phosphates and molybdophosphates formed in nitric acid : Vibrational spectroscopic, isotopic-tracer and plutonium/americium absorption studies on zirconium phosphate and ammonium/caesium/rubidium molybdophosphates formed in nitric ac." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379904.

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Williams, Daniel M. "Phosphate ester hydrolysis promoted by lanthanide (III) and transition metal complexes." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35551.

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Phosphate ester linkages are omnipresent in nature and are found in many biologically important molecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP. Many enzymes that hydrolyze phosphate esters are activated by metal ions. Since the structure of biological enzymes can be quite complicated, it is often useful to work with simpler artificial metalloenzymes to help elucidate the mechanisms by which phosphate ester hydrolysis is activated by metals.
In principle, simple dinuclear metal complexes could hydrolyze phosphate esters by double Lewis acid activation or by a combination of single Lewis acid activation and metal-hydroxide activation. These two mechanisms are kinetically indistinguishable. In this study, two different phosphate substrates are used to distinguish these mechanisms.
Lanthanide (iii) salts have proven extraordinarily effective in accelerating the rate of phosphate ester hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, there has been much effort in recent years to develop a ligand that would bind lanthanides so as to further improve their ability to hydrolyze phosphates. These efforts have met with limited success. Reported here is a dinuclear lanthanide (iii) complex which hydrolyzes BNPP (bis p-nitrophenyl phosphate) with unprecedented reactivity at pH 7.0 and 25°C.
A mononuclear copper (ii) 6,6'-diamino-2,2 '-bipyridyl complex is synthesized which gives one of the fastest rate accelerations reported for hydrolyzing 2',3 '-cAMP. A hydrogen bonding mechanism is proposed for the acceleration of the rate of hydrolysis of the cyclic phosphate.
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Williams, Daniel M. "Phosphate ester hydrolysis promoted by lanthanide (III) and transition metal complexes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ55393.pdf.

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Ho, Mui Yen. "Transition metal oxide and phosphate-based/carbon composites as supercapacitor electrodes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40274/.

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Electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, have attracted considerable attention over the past decades owing to their higher power density, long cycle life and moderate energy density compared. A high-performance supercapacitor integrates innovative electrode materials with desirable properties coupled with low cost and sustainability. In this thesis, a series of low cost transition metal oxide-activated carbon composite materials, lithium iron phosphate-activated carbon composite materials as well as metal oxide-graphene composite materials were prepared, characterized and evaluated as supercapacitor electrodes. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) – activated carbon (AC), zinc oxide (ZnO) – AC and titanium oxide (TiO2) – AC nanocomposites were prepared by using simple mechanical mixing method. The charge storage capabilities of these metal oxide-based composites with different loading ratios were evaluated in both mild aqueous 1 M Na2SO3 and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes. The incorporation of small amount of metal oxides onto AC could effectively enhance the capacitive performance of pure AC electrodes. It is believed that the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles can provide favourable surface adsorption sites for sulphite anions (SO32-). Nevertheless, bulk increasing of the metal oxide content is found to distort the capacitive performance and deteriorate the specific surface area of the electrode, mainly due to the aggregation of the metal oxide particles within the composite. On the other hand, composite materials consisting of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and AC exhibit high specific capacitance of 112.41 F/g in 1 M Na2SO3 with the incorporation of 40 wt % of LiFePO4. The synergistic effect between the faradaic battery type materials and the EDLC-based materials is greatly demonstrated. The intercalation and extraction of Li+ ions in LiFePO4 lattices are responsible for the reversible Faradaic reaction on top of the adsorption and de-adsorption of SO32- anions from Na2SO3 electrolyte. In the preparation of SnO2-graphene and MoO3-graphene nanocomposites, low-temperature solvothermal method using mild reducing agents was adopted. The preparation steps do not require high pressure or extreme synthetic condition and do not involve the usage of hazardous reactants. The electrochemical results of SnO2-graphene composite electrodes demonstrate that the composite electrodes possess a high specific energy (14 Wh/kg) with 93 % capacitive retention after 1500 cycles while MoO3-graphene composite electrodes yield an enhanced specific energy (16.3 Wh/kg) which is 28 % higher than that of pure MoO3 (11.8 Wh/kg). A maximum specific capacitance of 99 F/g was obtained from the optimized SnO2-graphene composite electrodes while a high average specific capacitance of 148 F/g was achieved for MoO3-graphene composites at a scan rate of 5mV/s in neural 1 M Na2SO3 electrolyte. The incorporation of graphene onto both SnO2 and MoO3 respectively, can promote the electrochemical utilization of metal oxides as well as the electrical conductivity of the electrodes. The graphene sheet serves as a good support in promoting effective charge transfer for redox reactions of MoO3. Additionally, deposition of metal oxides on graphene sheets prevents the graphene sheets from agglomeration, resulting in facile ion transportation pathway for electrolyte to access the surface of active material.
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Thompson, Natalie A. "Comparative Study of Metal Carbonate Based Adsorbents Recovering Phosphate from Water." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535633479315897.

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Books on the topic "Metal phosphate"

1

Morin, Kevin A. Groundwater contamination from precious-metal, base-metal, uranium, phosphate, and potash (KCl) mining operations. [s.l.]: International Association of Hydrogeologists, Canadian National Chapter, 1988.

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Freeman, D. B. Phosphating and metal pre-treatment: A guide to modern processes and practice. Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner in association with Pyrene Chemical Services Ltd., 1986.

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Freeman, D. B. Phosphating and metal pre-treatment: A guide to modern processes and practice. New York, NY: Industrial Press, 1986.

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Deckman, Douglas E. Vaporphase deposition studies of phosphate esters on metal and ceramic surfaces. Washington, D.C: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1988.

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Deckman, Douglas E. Vapor phase deposition studies of phosphate esters on metal and ceramic surfaces. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1988.

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Fransen, Kirsti Mae. The effects of land reclamation liming practices on phosphate fixation and release in acid, metal-contaminated Sudbury-region soils. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1990.

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Clearfield, Abraham, and Konstantinos Demadis, eds. Metal Phosphonate Chemistry. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849733571.

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The phosphating of metals. Teddington, Middlesex, Eng: Finishing Publications, 1990.

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Menaa, Bouzid. Routes to new mixed-divalent metal phosphonate materials. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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Jin shu lin hua gong yi ji shu. Beijing Shi: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metal phosphate"

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Vishnoi, Pratap, and Ramaswamy Murugavel. "Metal Silicate and Phosphate Nanomaterials." In Molecular Materials, 153–88. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315118697-7.

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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. "Metal Phosphate-Based Humidity Sensitive Materials." In Handbook of Humidity Measurement, 163–69. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-[2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351056502-10.

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Hendry, Philip, and Alan M. Sargeson. "Metal Ion Promoted Reactions of Phosphate Derivatives." In Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, 201–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470166390.ch4.

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Wang, Zhigang, and Shinobu Komiyama. "New Cold Forging Lubricant Replacing Zinc Phosphate Coating." In 60 Excellent Inventions in Metal Forming, 343–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46312-3_53.

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Shi, Dapeng, Guanghui Li, Hu Sun, Jun Luo, and Tao Jiang. "Phosphate-Intensified Alkali Leaching to Recover Molybdenum from a Volatilizing Residue." In Rare Metal Technology 2020, 295–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36758-9_28.

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Kawakami, Yosuke, and Masaru Miyayama. "Proton Conducting Properties of Layered Metal Phosphate Hydrates." In Electroceramics in Japan IX, 267–70. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-411-1.267.

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Tas, A. Cuneyt. "Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Synthesis by using Calcium Metal." In Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics VI, 93–106. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118807811.ch8.

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Wanner, Barry L. "Phosphate Signaling and the Control of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli." In Metal Ions in Gene Regulation, 104–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5993-1_5.

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Balakrishnan, Neethu T. M., Asha Paul, M. A. Krishnan, Akhila Das, Leya Rose Raphaez, Jou-Hyeon Ahn, M. J. Jabeen Fatima, and Raghavan Prasanth. "Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) as High-Performance Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." In Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal Sulfides for Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Photocatalysis and Health Sensors, 35–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63791-0_2.

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Li, Yibin, Mingjiang Zhang, and Xingyu liu. "Application of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Activating Phosphate Materials in Solidification of Soil Heavy Metal." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 699–706. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0158-2_71.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metal phosphate"

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Arikan, Sedef. "PHOSPHATE TREATMENT BY METAL BASED FILTRATION PROCESS." In 52nd International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.052.005.

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Hossain, Mohammad Enayet, Talal Almeelbi, Harjyoti Kalita, Cody Ritt, and Achintya N. Bezbaruah. "Phosphate Removal by Metal Cross-Linked Biopolymers." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.024.

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Babych, B., Y. Yakymenko, M. Rodionov, O. Machulianskyi, and V. Seker. "Infrared Spectra of Metal-Dielectric Nanostructured Phosphate Class Complexes." In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elnano.2019.8783693.

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WEN, F. S., X. ZHAO, C. Y. XI, and J. S. CHEN. "HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF METAL PHOSPHATE-BASED MATERIALS." In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Hydrothermal Reactions. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705228_0007.

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LI, FAN, SARAH A. DELO, and ANDREAS STEIN. "SHAPED METAL OXIDE-PHOSPHATE COMPOSITE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY TEMPLATED DISASSEMBLY." In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812779168_0040.

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Sotoudeh, Kaveh. "An Amine, Nitrite, Phosphate and Heavy Metal Free Engine Coolant Inhibitor." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930474.

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Ndiba, Peter K., and Lisa Axe. "Metal Speciation in Phosphate and Thermal Stabilization of Contaminated Dredged Sediments." In International Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41023(337)65.

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Amamoto, Ippei, Naoki Mitamura, Tatsuya Tsuzuki, Yasushi Takasaki, Atsushi Shibayama, Tetsuji Yano, Masami Nakada, and Yoshihiro Okamoto. "Removal of Fission Products in the Spent Electrolyte Using Iron Phosphate Glass as a Sorbent." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40272.

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Abstract:
This study is carried out to make the pyroprocessing hold a competitive advantage from the viewpoint of environmental load reduction and economical improvement. As one of the measures to reduce the volume of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the phosphate conversion method is applied for removal of fission products (FP) from the melt, referring to the spent electrolyte in this paper. Among the removing target chlorides in the spent electrolyte i.e., alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements, only the rare earth elements and lithium form the precipitates as insoluble phosphates by reaction with Li3PO4. The sand filtration method was applied to separate FP precipitates from the spent electrolyte. The iron phosphate glass (IPG) powder, which is a compatible material for the immobilization of FP, was used as a filter medium. After filtration experiment, it was proven that insoluble FP could almost be completely removed from the spent electrolyte. Subsequently, we attempted to separate the dissolved FP from the spent electrolyte. The IPG was being used once again but this time as a sorbent instead. This is possible because the IPG has some unique characteristics, e.g., changing the valence of iron, which is one of its network modifiers due to its manufacturing temperature. Therefore, it would be likely to sorb some FP when the chemical condition of IPG is unstable. We produced three kinds of IPG under different manufacturing temperature and confirmed that those glasses could sorb FP as anticipated. According to the experimental result, its sorption efficiency of metal cations was attained at around 20–40%.
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Pereira da Cunha, M., and S. deA Fagundes. "Metal strip reflectivity and NSPUDT orientations in langanite, langasite, and gallium phosphate." In 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings. International Symposium. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1999.849393.

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Bynum, Alex. "Abuse tolerance comparison of lithium-ion energy storage systems: Metal oxide vs. phosphate." In OCEANS 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2011.6106898.

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Reports on the topic "Metal phosphate"

1

Clearfield, Abraham. Mixed Metal Phosphonate- Phosphate Resins for Separation of Lanthanides from Actinides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1407693.

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S.E. Ziemniak. Metal Oxide Decomposition In Hydrothermal Alkaline Sodium Phosphate Solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822273.

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Deckman, Douglas E., Douglas E. Deckman, Stephen M. Hsu, and E. Erwin Klaus. Vapor phase deposition studies of phosphate esters on metal and ceramic surfaces. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.754.

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Serne, R. J., W. J. Martin, V. L. LeGore, C. W. Lindenmeier, S. B. McLaurine, P. F. C. Martin, and R. O. Lokken. Leach tests on grouts made with actual and trace metal-spiked synthetic phosphate/sulfate waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5391748.

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Marking, Gregory Allen. Studies of high temperature ternary phases in mixed-metal-rich early transition metal sulfide and phosphide systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10119308.

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