Journal articles: 'Metal wastes – Recycling'

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Islam, M. S., A. Sultana, M. Rasheduzzaman, G. K. Kundu, A. K. I. Kamal, and M. K. Uddin. "Assessment of the Present State and Economical Prospects of Solid Waste at Amin Bazar Waste Dumping Site, Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v7i3.23415.

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The study was conducted to explore the current status and the economical prospect of the solid waste management at Amin Bazar waste dumping site, Dhaka. A total of 48 waste samples were collected in both dry and wet season to study the physical composition, pH and moisture content of discarded wastes. The wastes were comprised of plastics (6%), paper (3.5%), glass (0.23%), garden waste (8.5%), food stuffs (72.25%), metals (0.16%) and textile products (3.25%). The pH values of the samples were ranges between 6.9-7.8 indicated the neutral condition. Larger portion of the wastes was organic (72%). About 14.38% of waste was recyclable but there is no recycling and composting facility. Proper recycling of the solid wastes at Amin Bazar can be a source of compost and useful metal resources which may contribute in safe and sustainable environmental management.

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Rovin, S. L., A. S. Kalinichenko, and L. E. Rovin. "The return of the dispersed metal waste into production." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-1-45-48.

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The article presents an alternative method of recycling of dispersed metal waste, based on a continuous solid-liquid-phase process, implemented in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF). The new proposed method of recycling allows processing wastes with almost any composition and state from metal to oxide and multicomponent wastes (shavings, fine scrap, mill scale, aspiration dust, sludge, etc.). The wastes can be even contaminated with moisture, oil, and organic impurities. The method developed does not require preliminary preparation of the initial materials (cleaning, homogenization, pelletizing, etc.). The finished products are ingots (pigs) for subsequent processing aiming the particular chemical composition or cast alloys of certain brend.

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Petruzzelli, Gianniantonio. "Recycling wastes in agriculture: heavy metal bioavailability." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 27, no. 1-4 (November 1989): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(89)90110-2.

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Odle, Robert R., Isidro Martinez, and Lee A. Deets. "The recycling of hazardous metal plating wastes." JOM 43, no. 6 (June 1991): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220593.

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Rovin, Sergei Leonid, Alexander Sergei Kalinichenko, and Leonid Efim Rovin. "Recycling of Dispersed Metal Wastes in Rotary Furnaces." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 3, no. 2 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2019.3.2.43.

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Dolinskii, V. A., L. D. Nikitin, A. A. Odintsov, and K. I. Domnin. "Recycling wastes in sinter and hot-metal production." Steel in Translation 40, no. 8 (August 2010): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091210080061.

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Polyakov, E. G., and A. S. Sibilev. "Recycling Rare-Earth-Metal Wastes by Pyrometallurgical Methods." Metallurgist 59, no. 5-6 (September 2015): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-015-0111-8.

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Xue, Wei Na, and Yan Bo Peng. "Study on Environmental Materials with Aspergillus niger as Adsorbent for Sequestering Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.119.

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Mining, smelting, processing, and industrial production emissions of waste heavy metal pollution is serious, and the enrichment of heavy metals, it is difficult to be degraded in the natural environment. Conventional methods for removing metals may be ineffective extremely expensive. not eco-friendly.Based on wastes recycling and circular economy, this thesis studied the characteristics of industrial fermentation waste A.niger as adsorbent for sequestering Pb(II) from aqueous solution. .Optimum biosorption was observed to be 72％ at pH 5.5,biosorbent dose 1.5 mg／L, initial Pb(II)concentration 250 mg／L.A.niger can be used as a new economic and eco-friendly environmental materials of metal adsorption.

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Petlin, Ilya V., and Margarita S. Lesnikova. "WAYS OF PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING WASTE OF ALUMINUM INDUSTRY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017604.5352.

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The information on aluminum metal production volume, its application areas and ecological problems which go with aluminum production are described. The data on fluorine containing waste products types and quantity at aluminum production were reported. The aluminum production waste products negative influence on environment was identified. For hydrogen fluoride production the use of fluorine containing waste products as alternative man-made raw material is offered. Resource effective and resource saving method of aluminum production fluorine containing waste products processing is described in detail. Processing method consists waste oxidizing calcining to move away carbon component, interaction of sulfuric acid with fluorine containing particles to product hydrogen fluoride, dissolution of solid sulphatisation product and aluminum hydroxide precipitation. Aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate can be byproducts of describing wastes processing method. Aluminum oxide can be used for production run of aluminum metal electrolytic production. Sodium sulfate can be used in glass and cellulose production, in textile and tanning industries. The thermodynamic calculations of fluorine containing wastes components with sulfuric acid chemical interaction are given. The research of kinetics of fluorine containing wastes with sulfuric acid chemical interaction by method of reacting mixture unstoppable weighing with mass auto-registration have been carried out. The dependence of transformation (reaction) degree on the time in temperature range of 220 to 260 ºС has been identified. It was characterized by Krank-Gistling-Braunstein equation. On obtained dependence the reaction area and process rate-limiting step was determined. The methods of intensification of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes interaction process in observed temperature range has been offered. The economic and ecologic effect of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes processing method has been established.Forcitation:Petlin I.V., Lesnikova M.S. Ways of processing and recycling of fluorine-containing waste of aluminum industry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 108-113.

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Gönen, Çağdaş, and Elif Kaplanoğlu. "Environmental and economic evaluation of solar panel wastes recycling." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19826331.

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Owing to rising population and increasing energy demand, renewable energy resources become the most convenient and promising solution. Hence, solar power plant investments and photovoltaic module numbers have risen sharply. Turkey is one of the tight followers of the energy trends, thanks to its rising energy demand and economic power. However, the consequences of the massive plant wastes importance in term of economically and environmentally have not been understood yet. Almost 70% of the modules are formed by glass and the rest accumulates economically valuable metal materials, which are silver, aluminium and copper. These three main materials are substantially important in the overall waste. Not only the economic value, but also the environmental impacts of the mining effluents to excavate these metals are causing emission problems. As a chain reaction, the higher energy demand triggers a search for new and renewable energy resources. This is why popularity of solar energy has increased. Solar energy can be absorbed and transformed through photovoltaic modules, which contain glass and three main metals. In order to respond for the production of modules, metals are fundamental. This need triggers the need of metals mining excavations and emissions. In this respect, in the near future, thanks to the rising investments on photovoltaic modules and the CO2 emissions coming from mining, the wastes of photovoltaic modules and the need of recycling will become more important. That is why, in this study it is aimed to present environmental benefits and economic recoveries of recycling photovoltaic module in Turkey.

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Samir, Mourad, Faruz Alama, Paul Buysse, Tomas van Nylen, and Oleg Ostanin. "Disposal of Mining Waste: Classification and International Recycling Experience." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184102012.

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The main directions of mining and industrial wastes’ utilization are the production of building materials, their use in the construction industry without additional processing, and also the production of metals from metal-containing raw materials. It should be noted that current waste is preferable for the production of building materials, since they preserve the primary physical and mechanical properties and chemical composition and, moreover, can reach the consumer bypassing all other steps that are mandatory for waste consolidated (transportation, storage, etc.). For the production of building materials, not less than 30% of overburden and refinement tailings are suitable, almost all metallurgical and fuel slags, waste products of fertilizers and building materials. Even larger amounts of waste can be used for various laying and burial works (construction of road bases and dams, filling of worked out areas, leveling of the relief).

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Selina, Möllnitz, Bauer Markus, Schwabl Daniel, and Sarc Renato. "Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x21996435.

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The recycling of source separated polyolefins (POs) (e.g., light weight packaging waste) is already state of the art. Therefore, further plastic materials contained in mixed wastes have become more important due to increasing legal pressure. Mixed commercial and municipal solid wastes contain large quantities of POs. These mixed wastes would usually be treated in waste incinerators or processed to refuse-derived fuel for cement plants. Large-scale experiments were conducted to assess the potential of such POs from these waste streams for recycling processes. The potential and applicability of a dry-mechanical and subsequently wet-mechanical (Wet-mechanical) processing with the aim of generating a PO concentrate for chemical recycling purposes was assessed. These investigations’ focus was put on the centrifugal force separator technology as the core element of Wet-mechanical processing. In addition to the input material, all output materials and process water streams were chemically and physically characterized to estimate potential treatment or recycling paths. Results demonstrate that a two-stage purification is necessary to produce POs with sufficient purity out of both wastes. Chlorine and heavy metal levels are simultaneously reduced. The increased quantity of impurities only slightly changes the density of the process waters. Process water analyses show that wastewater treatment is necessary before discharge into a receiving water or sewage treatment plant. The sediment does not fulfil any hazard-relevant properties, and different thermal treatment options are possible.

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Liu, Y. Y., M. Ukita, T. Imai, and T. Higuchi. "Recycling mineral nutrients to farmland via compost application." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.044.

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Increased cultivation of farmland has resulted in nutrient deficiency and consequently fertility degradation of soils. This research examined the application of composted wastes in terms of the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling plant essential minerals. Minerals in composts (derived from sewage sludge, livestock excrement, and municipal solid wastes, respectively) and in amended soils were observed. Ca/Mg ratios in amended soils and the effect of compost applications (mineral nutrients and heavy metals) on plant uptake were also studied. Results showed that composts, especially those made from sewage sludge and livestock excrement, were richer in mineral nutrients but also contained more heavy metals than untreated soil. The increase in some elements and plant-growth-essential Ca/Mg ratios were found in amended farmlands, implying that compost applications have made up for the nutrient deficiency and have adjusted chemical conditions of the soil. The soil contamination from heavy metals was noticeable. However, some results showed that the large existence of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in soils has caused no significant increase in the plant uptake of elements. The controlled composting process and farmland uses are believed necessary for reducing the heavy metal accumulation in agricultural plants.

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Botvinko, D. V., V. A. Shapovalov, V. R. Burnashev, D. M. Zhirov, and V. G. Kozhemyakin. "Peculiarities Of Recycling Of High-alloy Light-weight Metal Wastes." Современная электрометаллургия 2015, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sem2015.01.08.

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Khoonkari, Mohammad, Amir Hossein Haghighi, Yahya Sefidbakht, Khadijeh Shekoohi, and Abolfazl Ghaderian. "Chemical Recycling of PET Wastes with Different Catalysts." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/124524.

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Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate, known as PET, has been the subject of increased interest as a valuable feedstock for different chemical processes. In this work, glycolysis of PET waste granules was carried out using excess ethylene glycol in the presence of different simple chemicals acting as catalysts, which are, namely, categorized in ionic liquids, metal salts, hydrotalcites, and enzymes. From every category, some materials as a sample were used, and the one which is going to bring the best result is noted. The effect of some parameters such as temperature, pressure, amount of sample, material ratio, and stirring rate was investigated. As a result we compared the best of each category with the others and final result is shown.

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Griessacher, Thomas, and Jürgen Antrekowitsch. "Utilization of Biomass at the Recycling of Heavy Metal Containing Wastes." Waste and Biomass Valorization 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2012): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-012-9126-6.

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V, Gokul, and Rajasekaran T. "Electronic Waste Management by Biological Leaching." Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1918.

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The electronic industry is the largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry in the world. Electronic waste or E-waste is one of the emerging problems in developed and developing countries. Most of these e-wastes are ending up in dumping yards and recycling centers, posing a new challenge to the environment and policy makers as well. Toxic metals in the E-waste are usually non -biodegradable and they will create harmful long lasting negative consequences on the environment in general and our health particular. Currently E-waste is treated by chemical leaching, it gives more environmental issues due to usage of inorganic chemicals in treatment process. So that, the E-waste can be used for extraction of metals by the process of biological leaching. It is the process of extraction of metal from source by using biological organism. In this process involve numerous ferrous iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria, acidophilic bacteria which is grown in acid medium. The acid mine drainage (AMD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines. AMD is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem in the mining industry. It is also toxic and difficult to managing this water. Due to the presence of sulphide metal in the ore, which is released after the mining process, will react with atmosphere and water forms sulphuric acid which poses potential harm to the environment and eco system. This acid medium is most suitable for the development of acidophilic bacteria’s. In this project, the Acidophilic bacteria in AMD can be suggested for process of recycling in biological leaching of electronic waste. This process can be used for both bioleaching of E-waste and management of mining waste water. The process will suppress the harmfulness in both E-waste and waste mining water.

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Pedrosa, Fátima, Marta Cabral, Fernanda Margarido, and Carlos A. Nogueira. "Recycling of Exhausted Batteries and EAF Dusts by Leaching with Several Aqueous Media." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.636.

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Zinc is a base metal present in several products of general use, and therefore found in numerous residues and end-of-life products. The two main sources of zinc containing wastes are spent Zn-MnO2 portable batteries and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts from steelmaking plants. The recovery of metals from these residues by appropriate recycling processes is mandatory due to environmental, economic and resource conservation issues. Concerning the similar composition of both residues, their simultaneous processing can be envisaged. The research herein described consists on the hydrometallurgical treatment of zinc bearing waste, where several leaching routes for solubilising metals, mainly zinc, are studied. The leaching of shredded batteries and EAF dusts was carried out using three different leaching solutions containing sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride. The acid leaching of zinc in the oxide form (zincite) using both acids, was very efficient and quick, allowing the recovery of practically all Zn contained in batteries and about of 80% of Zn in dusts. Regarding to the leaching media the behaviour of lead oxides present in dusts was different, being insoluble with H2SO4 and partially soluble with HCl (40-90% yield, depending on conditions). For battery waste stream, manganese is also other important metal, which oxides were only partially soluble in acid media, attaining a maximum leaching yield of 90% Mn. Iron, considered a contaminant in both residues, was partially leached and required further purification steps. The use of an ammoniacal medium (NH4Cl) was very selective for zinc, being iron practically insoluble. However, the maximum zinc leaching yield attained for both residues was only near 60%. Under these conditions, manganese contained in batteries was very insoluble while lead from dusts was leached up to 70% due to the relative solubility of lead chloride. This research showed that hydrometallurgical treatment can provide versatile solutions for recycling metals from Zn waste. Ammoniacal leaching allows high selectivity for zinc but less recovery efficiency is attained, while acid leaching allows higher metal recovery yields but unwanted elements like iron are co-dissolved.

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Ghosh, S., and S. Bupp. "Stimulation of Biological Uptake of Heavy Metals." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1992): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0403.

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This research was conducted to investigate the relative capabilities of unacclimated, acclimated, and cysteine-cystine-stimulated aerobic cultures to remove heavy metals. Loss of organism viability was observed at metal concentrations above 30 mg/L, however, loss of cell viability did not affect metal uptake. Metal-complexing capacities from 0.041 to 2.13 mg/mg protein were observed. Metal removal from binary and ternary mixtures exceeded those of single metals. Surprisingly, culture acclimation resulted in reduced metal uptake. However, a cysteine-cystine-stimulated culture had substantially increased metal-removal capabilities possibly due to the synthesis of metallothionein-like proteins. Biopolymers of the unacclimated organisms had an affinity for metal binding of the order: Cu > Pb > Cd. This research points to the feasibility of in-vitro detoxification of high metal-content hazardous wastes by cell materials derived from cysteine-cystine-stimulated chemostat cultures. Coupling in-vitro metal complexation with metal leaching from biosolids could provide an opportunity for recycling hazardous heavy metals.

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Shwetmala, Kashyap, H. N. Chanakya, and T. V. Ramachandra. "Pattern, Characterization and Quantification of Unauthorized Waste Dump Sites: A Case Study of Bangalore." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.362.

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Developing country municipal solid waste management is complex, managed by multiple institutions, prone to socio-political disruptions and often requires frequent and rapid estimates of good functioning. Estimating the quantity, composition and status of municipal solid waste found at unauthorized dump sites helps in diagnosis and in improving solid waste management system. The objective of this study was to find occurrences of unauthorized dump sites and to determine quantity, area, height of dumps, waste density and waste composition at these sites. A total of 452 locations were identified and quantification of solid wastes was carried out at 268 locations by determining waste spread area, measuring dump height and density by multiple techniques. Mixed dumped wastes at site was physically segregated into twelve waste categories (organic fraction, plastic, construction debris, paper, cloth, glass, leather, metal, rubber, biomedical waste, burnt waste and industrial wastes). It was estimated about 213310 Mg of wastes were dumped in 452 unauthorized dump sites. The composition of waste dumped in unauthorized sites have 41.3% of construction debris followed by 28.9% of organic waste and other fractions constituted the remaining. The waste composition at dump site suggests less efficient recycling systems and the possible direction for the system improvements.

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Jun, Minji, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava, Jinki Jeong, Jae-chun Lee, and Min-seuk Kim. "Simple recycling of copper by the synergistic exploitation of industrial wastes: a step towards sustainability." Green Chemistry 18, no. 13 (2016): 3823–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00332j.

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A simple and sustainable recycling approach has been undertaken to treat two industrial wastes of divergent nature to mitigate the challenges of environmental hazards, human health and supply-risk of the metal of concern along with lowering the energy costs.

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Smith, J. D., H. Fang, and K. D. Peaslee. "Characterization and recycling of spent refractory wastes from metal manufacturers in Missouri." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 25, no. 2 (February 1999): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(98)00050-0.

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Zhang,, Bing, Xiaoyong Yan,, Kiyoshi Shibata,, Mitsuhiro Tada,, and Masahiro Hirasawa,. "Novel Process for Recycling Metallic Elements from Mixtures of Metal Oxide Wastes and Waste Polyvinyl Chloride." High Temperature Materials and Processes 18, no. 4 (April 1999): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.1999.18.4.197.

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Oliveira, Paula C., Marta Cabral, Carlos A. Nogueira, and Fernanda Margarido. "Printed Circuit Boards Recycling: Characterization of Granulometric Fractions from Shredding Process." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1434.

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In electronic appliances, printed circuit boards (PCB) represent an important component, containing high grade of valuable metals, besides organic resins and some ceramic materials. Copper is the major metal in PBC’s composition (normally higher than 20% w/w) but many other secondary and minor metal elements, including precious metals, are found in PCB’s. Recycling of PCB´s involves firstly the shredding operation, which is crucial in order to liberate particles from different materials, allowing its further processing by other mechanical, physical and chemical technologies. An efficient shredding operation is difficult to achieve due to the high heterogeneity of these wastes involving materials with different mechanical properties and complex assemblies. This paper presents results from laboratorial studies of shredding of PCB’s and the evaluation of size reduction efficiency as well as the chemical characterization of the obtained shredded fractions. Results showed that an efficient size reduction (characteristic average diameter d50=1.0mm) is obtained using two shredding stages of PCB’s, the first one with a grab shredder and the second one with a cutting mill. Chemical analysis of shredded PCB’s indicated that copper is the principal metal present (28%) followed by Sn, Zn, Pb and Al (3-5%) and many other minor elements. The fine fractions were rich in plastic materials while the metals were essentially present in the intermediate fractions (0.3-1.5 mm). These results can lead to guidelines regarding further design of the physical separation steps in the recycling processes.

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Gómez-Sagasti, María T., Mikel Anza, June Hidalgo, Unai Artetxe, Carlos Garbisu, and José M. Becerril. "Recent Trends in Sustainable Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Shooting Range Soils: Rethinking Waste Management within a Circular Economy." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040572.

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Soil metal contamination in recreational shooting ranges represents a widespread environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is the primary component of traditional ammunition, followed by metalloids such as antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). Lead-based bullets and pellets deposited on the soil surface are subject to steady weathering; hence, metal(loid)s are released and accumulated in the underlying soil, with potential adverse consequences for ecosystem function and human health. Amongst the currently available environmentally-safe technologies for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, chemical immobilization is recognized as the most practical and cost-effective one. This technology often uses inorganic and organic amendments to reduce metal mobility, bioavailability and toxicity (environmental benefits). Likewise, amendments may also promote and speed up the re-establishment of vegetation on metal-affected soils, thus facilitating the conversion of abandoned shooting ranges into public green spaces (social benefit). In line with this, the circular economy paradigm calls for a more sustainable waste management, for instance, by recycling and reusing by-products and wastes in an attempt to reduce the demand for raw materials (economic benefit). The objective of this manuscript is to present a state-of-the-art review of the different industrial and agro-food by-products and wastes used for the remediation of metal-contaminated shooting range soils.

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Rubino, Antonio, Giuseppe Granata, Emanuela Moscardini, Ludovica Baldassari, Pietro Altimari, Luigi Toro, and Francesca Pagnanelli. "Development and Techno-Economic Analysis of an Advanced Recycling Process for Photovoltaic Panels Enabling Polymer Separation and Recovery of Ag and Si." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246690.

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Photovoltaic panels were included in EU Directive as WEEE (Wastes of Electric and Electronic Equipment) requiring the implementation of dedicated collection schemes and end-of-life treatment ensuring targets in terms of recycling rate (80%) and recovery rate (85%). Photovoltaic panels are mainly made up of high-quality solar glass (70–90%), but also metals are present in the frames (Al), the cell (Si), and metallic contacts (Cu and Ag). According to the panel composition, about $72 per 100 kg of panels can be recovered by entirely recycling the panel metal content. The PhotoLife process for the treatment of end-of-life photovoltaic panels was demonstrated at pilot scale to recycle high value glass, Al and Cu scraps. A process upgrade is here reported allowing for polymer separation and Ag and Si recycling. By this advanced PhotoLife process, 82% recycling rate, 94% recovery rate, and 75% recoverable value were attained. Simulations demonstrated the economic feasibility of the process at processing capacity of 30,000 metric ton/y of end-of-life photovoltaic panels.

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Peng, Shao Hong, Sha Liang, Jian Li, Mei Yu, and Yan Huang. "Composition Determination of Vehicle Dismantling Waste." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.83.

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In recent years, a large number of toxic and hazardous substances were discharged into environment because of the simple landfill and accumulation of vehivle dismantling waste. Therefore, it is very important to develop the recycling technology of vehivle dismantling waste for the harmless, stability, reduction and resource utilization of vehivle dismantling waste. In this paper, the compositions of vehicle dismantling waste from two different dismantling processes were investigated by manual sorting, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, experimental results showed that the vehicle waste from manual dismantling contained more polyurethane, foamed plastic and rubber with low value and the size of waste is lager, the vehicle waste from mechanical dismantling contained more metal and brittle polymer and their size was smaller. The concentration of metal in two kinds of wastes are less than 1%, the total concentration of carbon and hydrogen reach about 70%, so vehicle dismantling waste was suital for recovering ernergy, but the pollution of chlrone from polyvinyl chloride need to be prevented.

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Xiu, Huijuan, Rui Cheng, Jinbao Li, Feiyan Ma, Te Song, Xue Yang, Pan Feng, Xuefei Zhang, Evguenii Kozliak, and Yun Ji. "Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2019-0002.

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Abstract Large amounts of acidic waste are produced on the industrial scale during hydrolysis of partially amorphous cellulose to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The essential disposal and treatment of this highly acidic liquid wastes the acid feedstock and increases the production cost. To maximize the use of acid without sacrificing the MCC product quality, this project reports a successful attempt to recycle the acid hydrolysis waste liquid, focusing on the impact of waste recycling on MCC morphology and reducing sugar in the hydrolysate. The results showed that when the waste liquid is recycled 1-5 times, no metal accumulation occurred while cellulose particles remained intact, maintaining their shape and size. Their extent of crystallinity remained nearly constant, even increasing slightly with up to three cycles. The concentration of reducing sugar showed growth when recycling the waste liquid up to three times, although not quite to the levels that would allow for its cost-effective fermentation. The acid amount to be added at the start of each cycle was near 50% of that used on the first stage.

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Yan, Han Dong. "The Experimental Analyses on the Solidified Effect of Heavy Metals in the Ceramsite Calcined by the Composite Materials of Electroplating Sludge and Seabeach Sludge." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.42.

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The electroplating sludge is a kind of solid waste material in the process of handling electroplating waste water, which has indefinite amount of harmful heavy metals hard to dissolute. The electroplating factory must seek economical and valid technology to deal with the sludge harmlessly, along with the reinforcement of the country law administer power to the discharge of the solid wastes. Since the last ten years, the handling technique to electroplating sludge has rapid advance, which mainly include solidification or stabilization technique[1], filling into the sea or pile-up, creature method, recycling heavy metal[2,3], iron-oxygen method, burning brick[8,9] and agriculture function and so on. A key handling technique is the recycling heavy metals from electroplating sludge in recent years, whose research fruits are no mature quietly from an area of technique view[2] and the oddments still need to cope with harmlessly come from recycling heavy metals. This is a kind of technique of low economic yield ratio, low scale benefit and higher production costs from a point of economic view. It is difficult to accept for a mass of small electroplating enterprise in China if there is not encouragement and support from the government. The solidification method is the final handling method for harmful and dangerous waste in west country in recent years[1]. Cementing solidification method is adopted the most effectively at present[6]. It is satisfied with the aim of harmlessly handling electroplating sludge but unsatisfied with the requirement of utilizing electroplating sludge as a resource and disadvantageous to build recycling type economics. Making use of the electroplating sludge to product building materials may be an economical and valid approach to handle it harmlessly as a resource[7]. The solidified effects on heavy metals of electroplating sludge at 1200°C high temperature burnt were analyzed in the paper, at the basis of feasible studies on the technology of burning ceramsite by the composite of electroplating sludge and seabeach sludge.

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Rovin, S. L., L. E. Rovin, A. S. Kalinichenko, L. P. Dolgy, and V. A. Sheinert. "CREATION OF OWN RAW-MATERIAL BASE FOR FOUNDRY PRODUCTION ON MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (July 7, 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-2-29-36.

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The article is devoted to the problem of processing dispersed metal wastes, generated at machine-building enterprises. The proposed solution of the problem is recycling in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF) with the production of high-quality charge materials (charge ingots) or foundry alloys directly at the enterprises where these wastes are formed. The results of experimental meltings of gray iron in induction crucible furnace with the replacement of traditional charge materials with ingots, obtained from chips, scale, sludge, etc. in the RTF are presented.

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Panteleyenko, Fedor, Oleg Ostanin, Katerina Panteleyenko, and Grigory Petrishin. "New Boron-Containing Materials for Surface Hardening." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929705011.

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The authors propose the range of new materials for restoring and strengthening coatings deposition, which have the next advantages: they are made of dispersive metal wastes (allows solve the problem of waste recycling), inexpensive, doesn’t require special equipment and expensive expendables, provides high adhesion to the steel underlay, high wear resistance and low porosity. The microstructure and the main regularities in coatings obtained of these new materials via different methods are researched and described in this paper. Based on this, the main recommendations in applying area for these coatings can be formulated. Industrial testing of such coatings confirmed their high exploitation properties. New materials can be applied for restoring and strengthening of metallurgical equipment, agricultural tillage and forage machines, elements of constructing machines metal parts.

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Vinnikov, V. A., M. G. Silberschmidt, V. A. Bocharov, V. A. Ignatkina, and T. N. Gzogyan. "Environmental Resource - Economized Processes of Recycling Mineral Raw Materials of Complex Composition." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.837.

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The results of the studies on the justification of technological processes providing recycling of the warehoused ferruginous quartzites of complex composition and waste non-ferrous metals allowing to receive additional commodity products are given. The example of amphibole and biotite varieties of ferruginous quartzites of CMA and tailings of copper-zinc sulphide Ural ores determines the reasons of ineffective use of traditional technology solutions for recycling. The reasons of environmental hazards concerning varieties of technogenic mineral substances to the environment are identified. The presence in ferruginous quartzites complex composition of various silicates, carbonates and iron sulphides change their technological properties. So to get the iron concentrate from them suggests a new combination of technological operations performed in specially selected operating conditions. The specifics of the presence of mineral components in solid mineral wastes of nonferrous metal ores indicates the possibility of obtaining additional marketable products. With the use of laboratory multiscale modelling and physical methods of analysis regularities of variation of fractionation, separation and mineral concentration operations efficiency by varying its composition and the various influencing factors are identified. To improve the efficiency of the individual technological operations it is recommended to use different techniques, using physical and physico-chemical effects on the polymineral systems. The flow diagrams for the considered varieties of technogenic processing of mineral substances, allowing them to obtain standared quality products (metal-containing concentrates), and the results of their testing are submitted. The suggested technological solutions can reduce the amount of environmentally hazardous mineral substance, hosted in technogenic formations.

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Sivakumar, P., D. Prabhakaran, and M. Thirumarimurugan. "Optimization Studies on Recovery of Metals from Printed Circuit Board Waste." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1067512.

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The aim of the study was to recover copper and lead metal from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The electrowinning method is found to be an effective recycling process to recover copper and lead metal from printed circuit board wastes. In order to simplify the process with affordable equipment, a simple ammonical leaching operation method was adopted. The selected PCBs were incinerated into fine ash powder at 500°C for 1 hour in the pyrolysis reactor. Then, the fine ash powder was subjected to acid-leaching process to recover the metals with varying conditions like acid-base concentration, electrode combination, and leaching time. The relative electrolysis solution of 0.1 M lead nitrate for lead and 0.1 M copper sulphate for copper was used to extract metals from PCBs at room temperature. The amount of lead and copper extracted from the process was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and results found were 73.29% and 82.17%, respectively. Further, the optimum conditions for the recovery of metals were determined by using RSM software. The results showed that the percentage of lead and copper recovery were 78.25% and 89.1% should be 4 hrs 10 A/dm2.

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Li, Xiao Ming, Shang Jie Wang, Jun Xue Zhao, Ya Ru Cui, and Su Bo Hou. "A Review on the Treatments and Minimization Techniques of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2072.

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Pickling sludge is the deposits that generated from the neutralization of pickling waste water with calcium hydroxide in stainless steel pickling process. The main composition of pickling sludge is CaF2, CaSO4, Me(OH)n (M:Fe,Cr,Ni). Solidification /stabilization method is believed to a most economical way to dispose these wastes at present. But the process caused serious compatibilization, it not only took up the scarce land resource, but also wasted nickel, chromium and other resources, in addition, the potential harm of Cr6+ to the environment still existed. A new thought to recycle the sludge was as following. After drying the sludge, it contained mainly calcium fluoride and metal oxides. The calcium fluoride could replace fluorspar, so the sludge could be used as a raw material for AOD process, where the metal oxides were reduced into the bulk of the metal. This would not only save fluorite, but also could reduce metal oxide of sludge. With more stringent environmental demands and increasingly output of the sludge, the most effective way to reduce the sludge from source is recycling the valuable elements from waste water directly. Solvent extraction combined with vacuum evaporation, spray evaporation and resin absorption coordination were all the effective methods. The resin adsorption process would be another promising method as ion exchange resin was continuously successfully developed. It had been found that treating the waste water with positive resin can remove the metal ions, but how to completely resolve the metal from the resin was still a problem.

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Dmitrikov, Valerii, Serhii Vakal, Viktoriia Vakal, and Leonid Pliatsuk. "Apparatus-technological scheme of tin cans scrap recycling with obtaining technical products." Environmental Problems 6, no. 1 (2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2021.01.033.

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The article is devoted to the study of reducing the technogenic load on the environment due to the integrated processing of household metal scrap. A waste-free, resource-saving, and environmentally safe method is proposed for extracting technical products from tin cans scrap - iron (III) oxide, tin (II) complex, suitable for further use, as well as fertilizer for agricultural crops. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, the direction of cans scrap recycling was selected with an assessment of the parameters and factors affecting the reagent process of scrap disposal. To verify the proposed method for can scrap processing in experimental studies, the reagent method and physical modeling were used together. The processes of the reagent can scrap recycling were studied in a laboratory-scale plant. The results of studies on the reagent can scrap processing with the individual component allocation in the form of their derivatives are presented. A block diagram and a hardware-technological scheme for scrap processing with the receipt of technical products have been developed. The possibility of processing other metal-containing wastes according to the proposed scheme, for example, electrical production, is shown.

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Barbakadze, Khatuna, Witold Brostow, Gregory Granowski, Nathalie Hnatchuk, Sven Lohse, and Allison T. Osmanson. "Separation of metal and plastic wastes from wire and cable manufacturing for effective recycling." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 139 (December 2018): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.06.022.

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Jun-hui, Zhang, and Min Hang. "Eco-toxicity and metal contamination of paddy soil in an e-wastes recycling area." Journal of Hazardous Materials 165, no. 1-3 (June 15, 2009): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.056.

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Kim, Kiho, Gaehang Lee, Youngjae Yoo, and Jooheon Kim. "Recycling of metal sludge wastes for thermal conductive filler via sintering and surface modification." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 694 (February 2017): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.117.

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Brožová, Silvie, Pavlína Pustějovská, Jiří Bilík, Simona Jursová, Monika Zbranková, and Jaroslav Havránek. "Innovated Technologies of Recycling of Metallic Wastes – Modification of Existing Industrial Processes." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0100.

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Abstract This paper describes interesting operational experiments have been performed in the scope of the project where the process of melting deoxidation was used under improvised conditions of cold blast cupola furnace. The goal was to find out metallurgical effects of added selfreducing briquettes prepared from steel sludge into cupola furnace charge and above all to verify the grade of deoxidation of oxides of iron at keeping output quality of cast metal. Present state of research and development of technologies of iron production in the area of commercial exploitation of these technologies is not in such a position that we could realistically assess their efficiency, investment costs and economic impacts. Moreover, an unequivocal requirement on minimization of CO2 emissions, mainly by its recycling, is here more and more promoted.

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Bouzeroura-Mansour. "Valorization of Metal Milling Waste in Cement Based Mortars Modified by Replacement of Cement Kiln Dust." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.19.

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Recycling industrial by-product materials waste has become an attractive topic of materials research in civil engineering. These industrial by-product materials waste must be managed responsibly to insure a clean environment. Our research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the addition of two industrial by product materials waste: metal milling waste (F) and cement kiln dust (CKD) in cement paste/mortar, as well as how to assess the influence of CKD substitution on the mechanical properties of cement pastes to create a new hydraulic binder based on partial replacement. An experimental program was conducted on samples of cement paste prepared at three CKD content (5%, 10%, 15% wt. of cement) and new mortars were prepared by: partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement by CKD at 5% by mass; and the simple addition of metal milling waste at three different percentages of (10%, 20%, 30% wt. of binder). Chemical, Micro structural analysis and mineralogical analysis have been carried out using XRD and FT-IR techniques, the mechanical strength, shrinkage, swelling, setting times, were analyzed.<br/> Test results after a 28-day hardening period indicated that when the increase in the CKD replacement, the expansion obtained in the mixed cement pastes increase and the initial and final setting time decreases. The improvement of the strength of cement kiln dust (CKD) in the mixed cement pastes is low, it was found that adding 5% of cement weight CKD is the appropriate percentage for utilizing in the manufacturing of mortars. the addition of metal milling wastes in mortars leads to a considerable improvement of mechanical strengths compared to the reference mortar. The strength increases when the percentage of Metal milling wastes additions increases until an optimum (20%).

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Islam, Anas, Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, and Vijay Kumar Dwivedi. "Effect of friction stir process parameters on tensile strength of eggshell and SiC-reinforced aluminium-based composite." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2020-0387.

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Purpose This study aims to minimize pollution and enhance the mechanical properties of SiC- reinforced aluminum- based composite by utilizing waste eggshell. Pollution is increasing at an exponential rate across the globe. Every nation is struggling to have strong control over the rise in pollution. Many countries are even successful in this regard, but only up to a certain extent; also, a lot of capital investment is required just to make arrangements for making and taking care of dedicated dump yards. An alternative approach in this regard could be using the unwanted wastes in some constructive works by recycling them. Novel strategies and dedicated cells for the research and development regarding the recycling of various kinds of wastes are continuously being developed by various nations. Design/methodology/approach This study attempts to make a hybrid composite of AA6101 alloy through the friction stir process (FSP) technique in which waste eggshells and SiC have been used as reinforcement particles. As the densities of eggshells, SiC show different values of densities to make them a single entity, they were subjected to ball milling for around 75 h. After ball milling, the reinforcement particles (eggshells and SiC) were distributed uniformly in the metal matrix (Al), and they appear as a single entity in the metal matrix composite. Findings The main objective of this study is to obtain an enhanced value of tensile strength of the final composite. Concerning this, the parameters of FSP, i.e. rotational speed and transverse speed, have been optimized through the Box–Behnken design approach. The optimized values of FSP parameters came out to be as 935.92 rpm of rotational speed and 22.48 mm/min as transverse speed value. Originality/value The results showed that the tensile strength and hardness of the composite developed at an optimum combination of FSP parameters enhanced by about 47.14 and 45.45%, respectively.

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Dahab, M. F., D. L. Montag, and J. M. Parr. "Pollution prevention and waste minimization at a galvanizing and electroplating facility." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0243.

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Pollution prevention, often referred to as source reduction, encompasses all activities that lead to reductions in the amount and/or toxicity of wastes. Waste minimization, on the other hand, refers to all activities including source reduction, on-site reuse, and recycling that lead to reductions in the amount and/or toxicity of waste generated, stored, treated, or disposed of by a given facility. Pollution prevention generally is regarded as the most cost-effective component of integrated waste management strategies. This paper describes an industrial pollution prevention program at an aging manufacturing facility in the Midwestern United States. The study focuses on metal electroplating and galvanizing. The facility under study produces fabricated metal products for farm and industrial use. The facility performs many operations including electroplating, conversion coating, cleaning, machining, grinding, impact deformation, shearing, welding, sand blasting, hot-dip galvanizing, painting, assembly and testing. Many of these processes result in the production of a variety of pollutants (gaseous, solid, and liquid) that must be disposed of in some fashion. For example, the electroplating line results in the production of acids and rinse water containing zinc and chromium and the hot-dip galvanizing line results in the production of acids and rinse water containing zinc and iron. All of these wastes must be treated as hazardous substances. The painting processes result in the production of used industrial acids, solvents, and chemicals used for cleaning and de-greasing metal components. Most of the recommended operational and process modifications were simple to implement, and their pay-back periods were fairly short.

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Gao, Cheng Da, Hong Li Wang, Shun Li Wang, and Ke Feng Liu. "Key Technologies for Ecological Treatment on Livestock Feeding Residue." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1227.

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A rapid development of intensive livestock and poultry, results in a large number of Aquaculture wastes, it is increasing important that timely consumptive farming wastes, and reduces environmental pollution on protection ecological environment and improving recycling agriculture. In this study, cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens and ducks five categories manure were as material, and it carried out that microbial agents used in compost, equipment, process and control software, and especially passivation of heavy metal residues in manure, degradation technology of estrogen and antibiotics of pollutants. As final, two kind products such as a high—quality organic fertilizer and gardening products, were produced with a better benefits on economic, ecological and social.

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VOLKOVA, E. A. "HYDRO RESOURCES ARE OUR MAIN WEALTH." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.04.10.

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On the example of copper-ore enterprises in the Urals we show the level of their impact on the environment and local population. It is determined that the discharges of untreated mine and under dump waters promote high pollution level of heavy metal ions and sulphatescopper is from 190 to 1140 MAC, zinc is from 132 to 3500 MAC, manganese is from 110 to 738 MAC, nickel is from 10 to 12 MAC, cadmium is from 10 to 24 MAC.It is recommended to use electro dialysis method for treating dilute waste water generated in mining industry while developing poor chalcopyrite fields in order to create low-waste resource-saving productions aimed at systematic use of mined ore and recycling of valuable components preventing their loss with liquid and solid production wastes.

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Granados-Fernández, Rafael, Miguel A. Montiel, Sergio Díaz-Abad, Manuel A. Rodrigo, and Justo Lobato. "Platinum Recovery Techniques for a Circular Economy." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080937.

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Platinum and other metals are very scarce materials widely used in the energy and transportation sector among other sectors. Obtaining Platinum is becoming more difficult due to its scarcity on earth and because of the high amount of energy and water used for its extraction. In this regard, the recycling of platinum is necessary for sustainable technologies and for reaching a circular economy towards this expensive and rare metal. Conventional methods for platinum recycling make use of enormous amounts of energy for its recovery, which makes them not very attractive for industry implementation. Furthermore, these processes generate very toxic liquid streams and gas wastes that must be further treated, which do not meet the green environmental point of view of platinum recycling. Consequently, new advanced technologies are arising aiming to reach very high platinum recovery rates while being environmentally friendly and making a huge reduction of energy use compared with the conventional methods. In this review, conventional platinum recovery methods are summarized showing their limitations. Furthermore, new and promising approaches for platinum recovery are reviewed to shed light on about new and greener ways for a platinum circular economy.

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Németh, T., E. Molnár, J. Csillag, K. Bujtás, A. Lukács, G. Pártay, J. Fehér, and M. Th van Genuchten. "Mobility of Some Heavy Metals in Soil-Plant Systems Studied on Soil Monoliths." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0441.

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The soil can act as a natural buffer by retaining toxic materials present in municipal and industrial wastes and sewage sludges. Countries of Eastern Europe currently have a limited industrial infrastructure for recycling wastes. One of the most rational and economic ways for these countries to dispose of their waste waters and sludges is to apply them to agricultural fields, thereby utilizing also their nutrient content. A U.S.-Hungarian research project was recently started with the aim of studying the fate and transport of selected heavy metals in the soil profile of cropped undisturbed soil monoliths. Preliminary experiments were carried out to study the adsorption-desorption processes of these chemicals on disturbed soil samples, and to investigate the plant-availability of different metal forms. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in the soil solution were found to decrease with increasing soil moisture content and length of the adsorption period, both showing hyperbolic relationships. Lower soil moisture contents increased both the solution concentrations and the adsorbed concentrations of the elements. Release of adsorbed Zn and Cd was higher than that of Pb and Cr. Higher plant-availability of inorganic forms of Ni correlated with a higher phytotoxicity as compared to Ni applied in sewage sludge.

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Mauthoor, Sumayya, Romeela Mohee, and Prakash Kowlesser. "An assessment on the recycling opportunities of wastes emanating from scrap metal processing in Mauritius." Waste Management 34, no. 10 (October 2014): 1800–1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.12.014.

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López-Fonseca, R., I. Duque-Ingunza, B. de Rivas, S. Arnaiz, and J. I. Gutiérrez-Ortiz. "Chemical recycling of post-consumer PET wastes by glycolysis in the presence of metal salts." Polymer Degradation and Stability 95, no. 6 (June 2010): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.03.007.

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Podgorodetskii, G. S., V. B. Gorbunov, E. A. Agapov, T. V. Erokhov, and O. N. Kozlova. "CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF UTILIZATION OF ASH AND SLAG WASTE OF TPP (THERMAL POWER PLANT). PART 1." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 6 (July 28, 2018): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-6-439-446.

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The further development of the Russian coal industry, especially in the regions of Siberia and the Far East, in line with the Energy Strategy, predetermines the need to address the problem of utilization of ash and slag wastes in newly implemented projects. The total amount of ash and slag in the ash dumps in Russia is more than 1.5 billion tons, and the area occupied by fly ash and slag wastes (FASW) is more than 220 km2. At the same time, the degree of FASW use does not exceed 10 %. It is shown that the main solutions for the recycling of the industrial solid waste generated by thermal power plants are their use in the production of building materials, road construction, or the complex processing of FASW with the extraction of metals and the production of building mate rials either. Some fly ash can be used in agriculture. The physicochemical properties of fly ash and slag wastes and, accordingly, the directions of their use, as well as the choice of technology, are determined by the mineral part of the fossil coals and the way they are burned. To use fly ash in the construction industry, it is necessary to transfer the ash removal system to the dry method, accompanied, on the one hand, by a large volume of capital investments in equipment and facilities for storage, classification, crushing and grinding, the transfer of new physical and chemical properties to fly ash and slag waste, and on the other side, an increase in organizational and transport barriers. Examples of proposed technologies for utilization of ash and slag wastes in the form of metal recovery and production of building materials are given. To obtain iron-containing concentrates, one-stage magnetic separation is used, but the quality of the concentrate does not meet modern requirements. The most technologically effective for the extraction of metals from ash and slag wastes are technologies based on flotation methods. At the same time, it follows from the provided data that their application can be limited to economic, organizational factors and the emergence of new environmental risks. The conclusion is made on the possibility of using the above technologies for existing coal-fired power plants only with state support.

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Korablov, S. F. "Regeneration of Hard Alloy Wastes by Low Energy Consumption and Environmentally Friendly Hydrothermal Technology." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.16.1.176-180.

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Hard alloys are indispensable material for many branches of modern industry. However, even with the base composition (WC-Co) they are quite expensive due to the limited natural resources of cobalt and the complexity of their production from the minerals. Therefore, the collection and recycling of hard alloys waste have not only scientific but practical importance, taking into account that the cost of production of 1 ton of alloy from recovered waste comes to 20% cheaper than in the core technology. Existing methods of hard alloys waste treatment have several disadvantages, the main of which are high power consumption and big load on the environment. As a result of this research a high-performance, low-energy consumption, eco-friendly way for recycling of hard alloys waste has been proposed. According to this technology, in a first step the WC powder, and the solution containing cobalt salts were obtained by autoclaving at 230 °C in a mixture of HCl-H3PO4-HNO3 acids, and followed then metal cobalt recovery from hydrothermal solution at temperatures of 110 – 160 °C.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal wastes – Recycling'

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