Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metallic/trace'
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Abraham, C. J. "Trace-element analysis of metallic and organic matrix materials exploiting RIMS." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635842.
Full textJadhav, Raja A. "Multifunctional sorbents for gas phase trace metallic capture : kinetic and mechanistic studies /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195633518351.
Full textJones, O. R. "Resonance ionisation mass spectrometry of trace elements in metallic and organic host matrices." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637710.
Full textAmarachintha, Surya P. "Optimal Growth Conditions for Tracheal Epithelial Stem Cells." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1187395530.
Full textOmrane, Fatma. "Human health risk assessment of occupational exposure to trace metallic elements mixtures in metalworking industries in the Sfax metropolis (Tunisia)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0097/document.
Full textTrace metallic elements (TMEs) are pollutants of great concern even in trace amounts because of their toxicity and cumulative property. Some of them can be carcinogenic. The Sfax metropolis, located in the southern region of Tunisia, has been affected by releases of TMEs for decades. Several studies confirmed that this pollution is predominantly originated from anthropogenic sources, mainly from industrial activities. It represents a threat to the health of residents, particularly for those also exposed during occupational activities in industrial processes. The present study aims to assess health risks associated with occupational exposure in industries handling TMEs in their production processes, following the human health risk assessment approach. To this end, five companies using raw material containing TMEs to produce a variety of metallic products accepted to participate to the study. The metals that were investigated are Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Mathematical models for estimating occupational exposure to chemicals were used to predict indoor air TME exposure levels in 15 different job tasks. Air monitoring was conducted in order to compare the predicted workplace air concentrations versus the direct measured ones, using both workplace-fixed monitors and personal samplers. And finally, urine samples were collected from 61 workers to assess whether TMEs excretion correlate with job exposure levels. Globally, the predicted air estimates relate well with measured concentrations over the whole set of job tasks. Better predictions were found for certain activities, in particular for steel cutting and welding processes. The values that correspond to the 90th percentile of the exposure distribution were then used in the interaction-based hazard index HIint to assess health risks associated with the mixtures of TMEs. Total cancer risk was also investigated. Results showed high exposures for metals that may elicit respiratory conditions, with a HIint reaching 93.6, the highest levels being for the shielded metal arc welding and metal shearing and slitting tasks. The risk is enhanced by a synergetic effect between Cr, Ni and Cu. High risks of lung and kidney cancers were demonstrated (the predicted life-long total cancer risk for exposed workers is 3.7×10-4). This work shows that mathematical models can be accurate in predicting TME airborne exposure levels for several processes in the metallurgic industry, a result that is of interest to help the different stakeholders to monitor efficiently exposure surveillance and abatement. Progress in industrial hygiene is needed in this industrial sector to reduce the high level of health risks currently experienced by the metalworking workers
Yedomon, Brice. "Travail informel au Bénin : Expositions professionnelles et conséquences sanitaires chez les forgerons-ferblantiers à Cotonou." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0108/document.
Full textContext and objectives: In Benin, the "informal sector" represents almost 80% of workers with a predominance of craftsmen, followed by the modern private sector (11%) and the civil service (9%). The socio-professional situation of craftsmen is characterized by the lack of personal or collective protective equipment, exposure to physical and harmful chemical substances and a lack of social security. The main objective of this thesis was to study the impact of working conditions on the health of tinsmiths in the informal economy in Cotonou, Benin. This research also allowed us to evaluate the blood impregnation of trace elements in tinsmiths compared to the background levels of the non-occupationally exposed male population of Cotonou. This part of the study required a first survey of 70 blood donors in Cotonou, in order to propose reference values for 29 trace elements. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Midombô on the site of the tinsmiths in the 3rd district of Cotonou in Benin. Study population: A total of 84 workshop managers out of 102 gave their agreement to participate in the study of work places and conditions (participation rate of 82.4 %). Among the 251 tinsmiths working in the 102 workshops investigated, 135 agreed to go to the “Erasmus” health center (53.8%) for free medical care. In this population, there were 31 apprentices (23.0 %) and 104 craftsmen or master craftsmen (77.0 %). Results: Noise levels greater than 85 decibels were observed in 58.3% of the workshops, with an average working time of 10 hours per day. This exposure can be the cause of hearing impairment (mild to severe) observed in 99, 3% of the cases. Direct exposure to metal fumes and dust (38.52 %) and the consumption of food at the workplace are the cause of metallic impregnation. For 6 trace elements, more than 20 % of the tinsmiths had blood concentrations above the reference values of the general population. These elements, classified from the lowest to the highest level of impregnation were molybdenum, copper, strontium, tin, antimony, and lead, respectively. Approximately 71% of the tinsmiths had lead levels above the 95th percentile of concentrations found in unexposed populations in Cotonou. 83% of the workers who were under 18 years of age had blood lead levels ≥ 100 μg / L. Uncorrected visual acuity (> 20%) and untreated arterial hypertension (27.4 %) were detected in the participating tinsmiths. Conclusion: Informal workers are in a very vulnerable situation due to poor social protection and a high level of exposure to occupational risks. Given the large number of employees in the informal sector, improving the occupational health and safety of these workers should help to strengthen human capital and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases that are still poorly documented
Feniou, Romain. "Etude du transfert d’un composé trace dans un gaz de stockage vers un aquifère. Mesures et Modélisation. Cas du mercure." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3039.
Full textFor nearly 55 years, TIGF operates two gas storages in an aquifer in the southwest of France. The stored gas is mainly composed of methane (CH4 over 90%) but it also contains other light hydrocarbons (
Menana, Zahra. "Étude de faisabilité de la valorisation en bioraffinerie de biomasses issues de phytotechnologies : cas d’une plante hyperaccumulatrice (noccaea caerulescens) et d’un ligneux (salix viminalis)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0225/document.
Full textPhytoremediation is a concept for the depollution and rehabilitation of soils and/or industrial wastelands contaminated by metal trace elements (MTEs), using plants to absorb or immobilize contaminants in the presence of microbial organisms in the rhizosphere. This technique results in a more or less contaminated biomass production that must be treated and also recovered. However, the presence of MTEs can be an issue in a biorefinery conversion approach. To address this question, two species were studied: an hyperaccumulator herbaceous plant (Noccaea caerulescens) and a woody plant (Salix viminalis). Two pre-treatments were selected for this study: steam explosion and organosolv pre-treatments, applying different operating conditions, in order to (1) monitor the distribution of MTEs during the process, (2) purify lignocellulosic material and (3) evaluate the effect of MTEs on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps. For organosolv pretreatment, most of the MTEs are recovered in the solid cellulosic residue while by steam explosion, MTEs are mostly extracted in the aqueous effluents of the treatment. The presence of MTEs in cellulosic pastes and hydrolysates does not show a significant effect on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Concerning specifically Noccaea caerulescens, the plant contains relatively high levels of pectins, which opens up interesting prospects for the valorization of this plant through the production of a biopolymer of industrial interest. Finally, the results obtained show that it would be possible to combine soil rehabilitation and biorefinery valorization of biomasses from phytotechnologies for either bioethanol production or the production of platform molecules
Mallmann, Fábio Joel Kochem. "Simulação do transporte vertical de zinco, chumbo e cobre em solos contaminados." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5490.
Full textThe environmental contamination by metallic trace elements is a problem that is getting worse around the world due to the growth and the technologic development of the humanity. Among the main sources of this kind of contamination are the atmospheric deposition of particles in soils located around industrial complexes and the prolonged and concentrated application of organic wastes in the soil. When present at the soil surface, these elements will migrate in depth and may reach the subsurface water bodies, causing their contamination. This study aimed to use the software Hydrus-2D to simulate the vertical redistribution of zinc, lead and copper in soil profiles contaminated by air pollution or by the application of swine liquid manure as well the transfer of these metallic trace elements into the groundwater. Chemical models were used under different hypotheses of reactivity of these elements with the soil particles and the physical, hidric and chemical characteristics of each soil profile. In the attempt to validate these models, it was simulated the vertical transports of zinc and lead, between 1900 and 2000, at three uses of a soil in northern France and of zinc and copper, between 2000 and 2008, at a soil profile located in Santa Maria RS, Brazil. Using a two sites chemical model with the kinetic constant decreased to 1% of the value measured in the laboratory, the simulations of the vertical transport of the metallic trace elements were validated in all soil profiles. This model was able to redistribute efficiently these elements in the profile, according their concentrations determined in situ. It was also predicted that the transfer of these contaminants do not represent, until now, any risk of pollution of the groundwater. Even with the continued application of high doses of swine liquid manure until 2058, the predicted increasing of zinc and copper concentrations in soil solution will not represent a risk of subsurface waters pollution. However, the model estimated that copper will be accumulated on the surface of this profile in greater quantities than zinc, increasing its concentration to levels above the value of intervention to agricultural areas. It was concluded that Hydrus-2D was a useful tool in detecting and/or forecasting environmental problems arising from the accumulation of metallic trace elements in soil and its leaching to the subsurface water bodies.
A contaminação do ambiente por elementos traços metálicos é um problema que vem se agravando em todo o mundo. Ela é decorrente do crescimento e do desenvolvimento tecnológico da humanidade, que apresenta, entre as principais fontes, as contaminações oriundas da deposição atmosférica de partículas aos solos localizados no entorno de complexos industriais e da aplicação concentrada e prolongada de resíduos orgânicos. Uma vez presentes na superfície do solo, esses elementos migrarão em profundidade, podendo atingir os corpos de água subsuperficiais e contaminá-los. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal usar o programa computacional Hydrus-2D para simular a redistribuição vertical de zinco, chumbo e cobre no perfil de solos contaminados por poluição atmosférica ou pela aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos e a transferência desses elementos traços metálicos rumo ao lençol freático. Para tal, foram usados modelos químicos sob diferentes premissas de reatividade dos elementos com as partículas do solo e as características físico-hídricas e químicas de cada perfil de solo. Buscou-se validar estes modelos, simulando os transportes verticais de zinco e chumbo, entre 1900 e 2000, em três usos de um solo do norte da França e de zinco e cobre, entre 2000 e 2008, num perfil de solo localizado em Santa Maria RS, Brasil. Utilizando um modelo químico de dois sítios com a constante cinética diminuída a 1% do valor medido em laboratório, as simulações do transporte vertical dos elementos traços metálicos foram validadas em todos os perfis de solo. Esse modelo foi capaz de redistribuir eficientemente estes elementos no perfil, conforme suas concentrações determinadas in situ. Ele também previu que a transferência destes contaminantes não representou, até o momento, nenhum risco de poluição da água do lençol freático. Mesmo com a manutenção da aplicação de altas doses de dejeto líquido de suínos até 2058, o aumento na concentração de zinco e cobre na solução do solo previsto não representará risco à poluição das águas subsuperficiais. Porém, o modelo estimou que o cobre se acumulará na superfície deste perfil em maior quantidade que o zinco, elevando sua concentração para níveis acima do valor de intervenção para áreas agrícolas. Dessa forma, o Hydrus-2D apresentou-se como uma ferramenta muito útil na detecção e/ou previsão de problemas ambientais decorrentes do acúmulo de elementos traços metálicos no solo e da sua lixiviação para os corpos de água subsuperficiais.
Biscéré, Tom. "Effets des métaux et des changements climatiques sur les coraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS382.
Full textCoral reefs have largely degraded in recent decades under the influence of human activities. Among those disturbances, the increase in metal concentrations affects many reefs worldwide (e.g. Australian Great Barrier Reef, Costa Rica, Red Sea, New Caledonia). Furthermore, reefs have now to face climate change, and more particularly temperature increase and ocean acidification. In this context, the aims of my thesis were to (1) determine the effects of the main metals present in lateritic sediments (iron, manganese, nickel and cobalt) on coral physiology using concentrations representative of those measured along the New Caledonian coastline, and to (2) define their potential roles in this context of climate change. My results showed that metals affect coral metabolism in different ways. While at ambient temperature, a nickel or manganese enrichment stimulates host metabolism and symbiont photosynthesis, conversely a cobalt enrichment inhibits calcification and becomes even toxic for the host and symbionts, from 1 μg L-1. Despite its importance in photosynthetic processes, an iron enrichment induces a decrease in Symbiodinium densities and an inhibition of calcification rates. Under thermal stress, manganese enhances coral tolerance to temperature increase, likely by stimulating their antioxidant defenses, while nickel worsens its effects by decreasing even more their growth. These works represent an important step towards a better understanding of coral responses to metal enrichment and would explain, to some extent, species susceptibility to climate change
Poirel, Jessica. "Réponses adaptatives des communautés bactériennes telluriques aux métaux et métalloïdes : liens avec la disponibilité des polluants métalliques dans les sols." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0164.
Full textArsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid which is a major issue of public health. Its presence in the environment is naturally due to the geochemical background, i.e. the weathering of parent material and volcanic eruptions, but the main contamination sources are anthropogenic activities such as mining and metalworking industry. We describe a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of arsB and ACR3(1) arsenite transporter gene families, two ubiquitous and key determinants of arsenic resistance in prokaryotes. The aioA gene encoding the large subunit of arsenite-oxidase was monitored in parallel. This study aimed to determine whether diversity, abundance and expression of these arsenite efflux pumps could serve as suitable biomarkers of metalloid stress and provide means to assess the impact of contamination on soil bacterial communities. The assay was applied in batch growth experiments using a wasteland soil bacterial community as an inoculum to investigate the effect of increasing arsenic concentrations on genes and transcripts abundances. To confirm previous results, further studies on the abundance and expression of arsB and ACR3(1) in indigenous soil bacterial communities exposed to different levels of arsenic over various time periods have helped to gain a better understanding of how these genes contribute to the adaptation of the communities to arsenic stress and their role in shaping the community structure and diversity. On the other hand, metal transporting PIB-type ATPases are critical components of bacterial resistance to cadmium, zinc and lead. We therefore designed degenerate PCR primers targeting PIB-type ATPases and tested their specificity on reference strains, metal-resistant soil isolates and soil metagenomic DNA
Liang, Chih-wei, and 梁智瑋. "Preparations of Polyethyleneimines for Trace Heavy Metallic Ions Enrichment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87522749714917280069.
Full text淡江大學
化學學系碩士班
98
In this research, it well-known that human were hurt by trace heavy metal. So we utilized the subject of TMPTA-AZ and suitable ratio of Acrylic acid that synthesized crosslinking polymer. It called “polyethyleneimine” that can chelated metal ion forming complex . Crosslinking polymer can insoluble in water base solution. The feature is good, because we need a base to concentrated trace heavy metal. The metal ion usually appears in water solution. We successfully created the TMPTA-Az that can be attached to the silica surface area to increase the chelating efficiency. N-PEI/SiO2 recycles and reuse had a good result for cupric ion (10cycles, 70% chelating efficiency in 20min acid wash; 87% chelating efficiency in 1 day acid wash) and lead ion(10cycles, 60% chelating efficiency in 20min acid wash; 76% chelating efficiency in 1 day acid wash) N-PEI/SiO2 Material properties of cupric ion(maximum chelating efficiency, 0.141Cu2+/N), lead ion(maximum chelating efficiency, 0.135Pb2+/N) concentrations of metal ions, the best time of adsorption(40 min for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ), changes of temperature(83℃ for Cu2+ and Pb2+), value changes of pH(pH5.3 for Cu2+ and Pb2+), and finally discuss the PEI adsorption isotherm.
Chen, Chih-Hao, and 陳志豪. "Advanced Lithography for ULSI:Thermal Flow Technique and Impact of Trace Metallic contamination." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10657599397593780713.
Full textTseng, Wei-Chang, and 曾維昌. "The Effects of Trace Elements, Antioxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation and Addition of Divalent Metallic Ions and Organic Solvents on Semen Quality." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90571851289302963811.
Full textJiang, Yan-Long, and 江彥龍. "The evolution of ZrCu precipitation and mechanical properties affected by the trace addition of Ta particles in Zr-Cu-Al-Co bulk metallic glass." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79029598822228047589.
Full text國立中央大學
材料科學與工程研究所
105
In some Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs), the ZrCu B2 phase can be precipitated from the matrix. When the ZrCu B2 phase subjected to the stress from the shear banding, it will absorb the energy of shear band and transform into ZrCu B19' phase, and so as to improve the plasticity of Zr-based BMG. However, the particle size and distribution of ZrCu B2 phase in Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG cannot be well controlled in general casting. Large agglomerated and inhomogeneous distributed ZrCu B2 phase were usually found in the Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG samples. Therefore, the concept of inoculation in conventional solidification process is applied in this study. The Ta particles (size of 5–30 µm) with 0 ~ 1.0 vol.% were added into Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG matrix as the inoculant. By using the ultrahigh melting point of tantalum and immiscible with Zr-base substrate, the Ta particles can be uniformly dispersed in the Zr-based alloy melt as the nucleation sites for precipitating ZrCu B2 phase, and form a homogeneously distributed ZrCu B2 phase in the matrix of Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG. Then, the different cooling rates of solidification process are further used to control the particle size of ZrCu B2 phase. Based on the results of XRD analysis, Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 alloy rods with 0 ~ 0.75 vol.% Ta particle additions made by the copper mold at the temperature of -30°C present amorphous structure co-existing with ZrCu B2 phase. However, when the temperature of copper mold increases to higher than -20 °C, the sample with 0.75 vol.% Ta particle additions will be totally crystallized. After adding Ta particles, the precipitates of ZrCu B2 phase in the Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 alloy matrix exhibit more even distribution and round shape. But when decrease the cooling rate of solidification, the large amount of ZrCu B2 precipitates will agglomerate and form a large particle. According to the results of DSC analysis, with increasing the amount of Ta particles and decreasing the cooling rate of solidification, the enthalpy value of crystallization exothermic peak decreases, which means that the volume fraction of amorphous matrix decreased and the precipitate of ZrCu B2 phase increased. The results of compression test reveal that the sample of Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 added with 0.75 vol.% Ta particle performs the highest mechanical properties, 1750 MPa yield stress, 1890 MPa fracture stress, and 14 % plastic strain. This is 6.5 % improvement of plastic strain in comparison with its base alloy.