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Journal articles on the topic 'Metallic Wire Arrays'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Gilburd, L., S. Efimov, A. Fedotov Gefen, V. Tz Gurovich, G. Bazalitski, O. Antonov, and Ya E. Krasik. "Modified wire array underwater electrical explosion." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 2 (March 13, 2012): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000851.

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AbstractThe results of experiments involving underwater electrical explosion of different wire arrays using an outer metallic cylinder as a shock reflector are presented. A pulse generator with a stored energy of about 6 kJ, current amplitude ≤ 500 kA, and rise time of 350 ns was used for the wire array explosion. The results of the experiments and of hydrodynamic simulations showed that in the case of a Cu wire array explosion, the addition of the reflector increases the pressure and temperature of the water in the vicinity of the implosion axis about 1.38 and about 1.33 times, respectively. Also, it was shown that in the case of an Al wire array explosion with stainless steel reflector, Al combustion results, and, accordingly, additional energy is delivered to the converging water flow generating about 540 GPa pressure in the vicinity of the explosion axis. Finally, it was found that microsecond time scale light emission that appears with microsecond time scale delay with respect to the nanosecond time scale self-light emission of the compressed water in the vicinity of the implosion axis is related to water bubbles formation which scattered light of exploded wires.

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2

Zhang, W., D. N. Weiss, and K. M. Krishnan. "Thermal nanoimprint process for high-temperature fabrication of mesoscale epitaxial exchange-biased metallic wire arrays." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 21, no. 4 (March 17, 2011): 045024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/21/4/045024.

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3

Zhang, Wei, Dirk N. Weiss, and Kannan M. Krishnan. "Competing anisotropies and temperature dependence of exchange bias in Co∣IrMn metallic wire arrays fabricated by nanoimprint lithography." Journal of Applied Physics 107, no. 9 (May 2010): 09D724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3367959.

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4

Gallina, Ilaria, Giuseppe Castaldi, Vincenzo Galdi, Emiliano Di Gennaro, and Antonello Andreone. "Paired Cut-Wire Arrays for Enhanced Transmission of Transverse-Electric Fields Through Subwavelength Slits in a Thin Metallic Screen." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2054061.

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5

Grabovskii, E. V., V. V. Dzhangobegov, and G. M. Oleinik. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE IMPLOSION OF WIRE ARRAYS WITH SPUTTERED METALLIC COATING ON THE ANGARA-5-1 FACILITY." Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion 38, no. 1 (2015): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21517/0202-3822-2015-38-1-80-87.

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6

Choi, Soon Mee, Jiung Cho, Young Keun Kim, and Cheol Jin Kim. "TEM Analysis of Multilayered Co/Cu Nanowire Synthesized by DC Electrodeposition." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1233.

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As-received multilayered Co/Cu nanowire arrays were examined by TEM, which were synthesized by pulsed DC electrodeposition using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The multilayered Co/Cu nanowire exhibited magnetism in the perpendicular direction to the long wire axis. These nanowire can be applied to sensor array, magnetic bead(biocompatible), MRI contrast enhancing agent, ferro-fluid. Although the characterization of the multilayered Co/Cu nanowire using XRD and VSM and microstructural analysis using TEM on the bare nanowires extracted from AAO templates have been reported, interface analysis between Co and Cu phase or HREM analysis has not been reported in detail. We have prepared TEM specimen with large thin area which was appropriate for the interface analysis between Co and Cu layer without removing AAO templates using tripod polishing method. Tripod polishing proved very efficient to secure the large observable area during TEM session since the polishing angle can be precisely controlled, regardless of the mechanical strength differences in constituents. Thus we could observe not only the interface between Co and Cu layer but also the interface between the metallic layers and AAO templates. Microstructure, composition, and the concentration variation of each Co and Cu layer and the interfaces were analyzed with TEM and STEM.

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7

Michalik, Damian Arkadiusz, Paweł S. Jung, Bartłomiej W. Klus, Andrzej Kowalik, Anna Rojek, Urszula A. Laudyn, and Mirosław A. Karpierz. "Chromium plasmonic polarizer for high intensity light." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.767.

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In this work, we investigate a thin-film polarizer for a high intensity of the electromagnetic (EM) beam based on Cr nano wire arrays. Commonly used thin-film polarizing components are very sensitive for high power of EM waves and can be easily damaged by focused beams. The solution to this problem could be the thin-film polarizer based on metallic subwavelengths structures. This type of optical element has huge resistance comparing to typical thin-film polarizers. However, designing such an optical element for proper wavelength of EM wave and transmissions is not easy task. In this paper we present numerical as well as experimental results for specially designed chromium thin-film polarizer for wavelength 532nm Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Zhou, K. Li, C. Song, P. Hao, M. Chi, M. Yu and Y. Wu, "Polarization-independent and omnidirectional nearly perfect absorber with ultra-thin 2D subwavelength metal grating in the visible region", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef W. L. Barnes, A . Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Surface plasmon subwavelength optics", Nature 424, 824-830 (2003). CrossRef C. Lee, E. Sim, D. Kim, "Blazed wire-grid polarizer for plasmon-enhanced polarization extinction: design and analysis", Opt. Express 25, 7 (2017). CrossRef A. Lehmuskero, Metallic thin film structures and polarization shaping gratings (University of Eastern Finland 2010).Y. Leroux, J. C. Lacroix, C. Fave, V. Stockhausen, N. Felidj, J. Grandm, A. Hohenau, J. R. Krenn, "Active plasmonic devices with anisotropic optical response: a step toward active polarizer", Nano Lett. 5, 9 (2009). CrossRef R. T. Perkins, D. P. Hansen, E. W. Gardner, J. M. Thorne, A. A. Robbins, Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum, US 6122103 (2000). DirectLink D. M. Sullivan, Electromagnetic simulation using the FDTD method, New York: IEEE Press Series (2000). CrossRef J. P. Berenger, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) for Computational Electromagnetics, Morgan & Claypool Publishers (2007). CrossRef Yu, W., and R. Mittra, "A conformal FDTD software package modeling antennas and microstrip circuit components", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine 42, 28 (2000) . CrossRef L. W. Bos, D. W. Lynch, "Optical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Chromium and Dilute Cr-Mn and Cr-Re Alloys", Phys. Rev. Sect. B, 2, 4267 (1970). CrossRef

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8

Killebrew, Korbie L., Andrew J. Maurer, David J. Ampleford, C. A. Coverdale, Diana Schroen, R. R. Holt, Gregory A. Rochau, et al. "Characterization of Fine Metallic Wires for Wire-Array $Z$-Pinch Experiments." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 40, no. 12 (December 2012): 3372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2012.2217356.

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9

Zalipaev, V. V., and S. Yu Kosulnikov. "Guided electromagnetic waves for periodic arrays of thin metallic wires near an interface between two dielectric media." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2227 (January 16, 2019): 20180399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0399.

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Guided localized electromagnetic waves propagating along one-dimensional (1D) arrays of thin metallic parallel wires, finite and infinite, are studied. The arrays are embedded into the upper dielectric half-space close to the interface separating it from the lower dielectric medium with different permittivity and the same permeability. Firstly, a dependence of resonance frequencies of excited wave modes for finite array with respect to the array height above the interface is studied. The array is excited by a normally incident plane wave. It is important that the order of the resonance modes changes if the distance between the array and the interface becomes small. An analysis, based on the Pocklington system of integral equations to evaluate resonance frequencies and compute the fields of excited modes above the array, was applied. This approach is based on the longwave approximation of thin wires. Secondly, the waves propagating along infinite 1D array of thin metallic wires that is close to the interface are studied. Dispersion curves are presented for the lowest case of half-wave resonance for different heights of the array over the interface. When the array approaches very close to the interface an anomalous dispersion is observed. The results of the numerical analysis were tested against computations obtained by means of other independent CST Studio Suite simulations.

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10

Markoš, P., and C. M. Soukoulis. "Absorption losses in periodic arrays of thin metallic wires." Optics Letters 28, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.28.000846.

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11

Zhang, H., R. Chantalat, F. Torres, M. Thevenot, T. Monediere, and B. Jecko. "Low-Profile Array of Wire Patch Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/830931.

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A low-profile antenna over a ground plane that radiates a directive lobe in the end fire direction is described in this paper. An array of 16 wire patch antenna (WPA) fed by an integrated 16 ways power divider has been designed. Owing to its low height, low cost, high robustness, and monopolar radiation pattern, the WPA has been chosen as unit cell of the array that must be placed on the vehicle roof. A gain higher than 18.9 dB was achieved in the end fire direction over a 4.5% bandwidth. However, the antenna has been tilted in order to compensate the beam deviation caused by the edge diffraction. Moreover, a vertical metallic plane has been inserted to eliminate the back fire radiation. Its position and the disposition of the WPAs are explained in this paper. A prototype with four elements has been manufactured in order to validate the antenna principle. A gain difference lower than 0.5 dB is achieved between the measurements and the simulations.

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12

Moradi, Afshin. "Electrostatic wave propagation in an array of metallic wires." Physics of Plasmas 27, no. 6 (June 2020): 064502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0008080.

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13

HARIDAS, M., and J. K. BASU. "HYBRID SEMICONDUCTING QUANTUM DOTS–METALLIC NANOPARTICLES ARRAYS FOR POSSIBLE NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 04n05 (August 2011): 1113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11009519.

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Arrays of quantum dots and hybrid arrays of semiconducting quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles have wide range of potential applications from nanophotonics to quantum information processing. Creating such arrays with well-defined morphology and order over a large area is a challenge. We present a reliable method for constructing such arrays using simple self assembly technique. The reliability of the method is verified using AFM. The emission properties of such system are studied using high resolution imaging techniques and we have given the possible explanation for the observed phenomena.

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14

Lee, Seung Yeol, Jiwon Yoon, and Shin-Hyun Kim. "Metallic Nanodimple Arrays for Wide-Angle Coloration via Plasmonic and Structural Resonances." Chemistry of Materials 33, no. 12 (June 2, 2021): 4628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01128.

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15

Althuwayb, Ayman A., Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Bal S. Virdee, Pancham Shukla, and Ernesto Limiti. "Realizing UWB Antenna Array with Dual and Wide Rejection Bands Using Metamaterial and Electromagnetic Bandgaps Techniques." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030269.

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This research article describes a technique for realizing wideband dual notched functionality in an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna array based on metamaterial and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) techniques. For comparison purposes, a reference antenna array was initially designed comprising hexagonal patches that are interconnected to each other. The array was fabricated on standard FR-4 substrate with thickness of 0.8 mm. The reference antenna exhibited an average gain of 1.5 dBi across 5.25–10.1 GHz. To improve the array’s impedance bandwidth for application in UWB systems metamaterial (MTM) characteristics were applied it. This involved embedding hexagonal slots in patch and shorting the patch to the ground-plane with metallic via. This essentially transformed the antenna to a composite right/left-handed structure that behaved like series left-handed capacitance and shunt left-handed inductance. The proposed MTM antenna array now operated over a much wider frequency range (2–12 GHz) with average gain of 5 dBi. Notched band functionality was incorporated in the proposed array to eliminate unwanted interference signals from other wireless communications systems that coexist inside the UWB spectrum. This was achieved by introducing electromagnetic bandgap in the array by etching circular slots on the ground-plane that are aligned underneath each patch and interconnecting microstrip-line in the array. The proposed techniques had no effect on the dimensions of the antenna array (20 mm × 20 mm × 0.87 mm). The results presented confirm dual-band rejection at the wireless local area network (WLAN) band (5.15–5.825 GHz) and X-band satellite downlink communication band (7.10–7.76 GHz). Compared to other dual notched band designs previously published the footprint of the proposed technique is smaller and its rejection notches completely cover the bandwidth of interfering signals.

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16

Rongguo Zhou, Hualiang Zhang, and Hao Xin. "Metallic Wire Array as Low-Effective Index of Refraction Medium for Directive Antenna Application." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 1 (January 2010): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2036282.

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17

Cheng, Cheng-Wen, Mohammed Nadhim Abbas, Chao-Wei Chiu, Kun-Ting Lai, Min-Hsiung Shih, and Yia-Chung Chang. "Wide-angle polarization independent infrared broadband absorbers based on metallic multi-sized disk arrays." Optics Express 20, no. 9 (April 20, 2012): 10376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.010376.

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18

Zhang, Mingxi, Binchao Zhang, Xiaochun Liu, Shining Sun, and Cheng Jin. "Design of Wideband Absorber Based on Dual-Resistor-Loaded Metallic Strips." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (May 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1238656.

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A method for designing a dual-polarized wideband absorber with low profile by using dual-resistor-loaded metallic strips is proposed in this paper. Each unit cell consists of a resistive sheet with dual-resistor-loaded metallic strips and an underlying conducting plate. Two-dimensional arrays of two unequal metallic strips are printed on the dielectric substrate, and two resistors are embedded in the metallic strips. By properly designing the resonant frequencies of these metallic strips, a wide absorption band with three resonances is obtained. An equivalent circuit model is introduced, and the current distributions are examined to understand the physical mechanism of the proposed absorber. An example of the absorber is fabricated and measured to verify our designed concept. The measured results show that the wideband absorption performance with a fractional bandwidth of 129% under the normal incidence and the stable angular response are achieved. In addition, the proposed absorber has a low profile with 0.08λL, where λL is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency.

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19

Skigin, D. C., J. D. Fowlkes, N. A. Roberts, L. B. Scaffardi, D. C. Schinca, and M. Lester. "Control of the diffracted response of a metallic wire array with double period: experimental demonstration." Optics Letters 39, no. 19 (September 29, 2014): 5693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.005693.

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20

van Beurden, M. C., A. B. Smolders, M. E. J. Jeuken, G. H. C. van Werkhoven, and E. W. Kolk. "Analysis of wide-band infinite phased arrays of printed folded dipoles embedded in metallic boxes." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 50, no. 9 (September 2002): 1266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2002.802079.

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21

Rybin, Oleg, Sergey Shulga, and Muhammad Raza. "Wide-band effective medium theory for a cubic array of metallic spherical particles." Optik 206 (March 2020): 164336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164336.

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22

Garcia, N., E. V. Ponizowskaya, Hao Zhu, John Q. Xiao, and A. Pons. "Wide photonic band gaps at the visible in metallic nanowire arrays embedded in a dielectric matrix." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 19 (May 12, 2003): 3147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1569656.

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23

Inaoka, Takeshi, and Tadaaki Nagao. "Exchange-Correlation Effects on Low-Dimensional Plasmons in an Array of Metallic Quantum Wires." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 48, no. 4 (2007): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.48.718.

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24

Ma, Guanshui, and Xiaoguang Wang. "Synthesis and Applications of One-Dimensional Porous Nanowire Arrays: A Review." Nano 10, no. 01 (January 2015): 1530001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015300017.

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In recent years, particular attention has been drawn to one-dimensional (1D) porous nanowires due to their high surface-to-volume ratios as well as the as-revealed excellent performance in varieties of applications. This review begins with a wide introduction to the as-reported various preparation methods for the typical 1D porous nanowires mainly consisting of template-free method (i.e., chemical etching, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal, electrospinning, gas-solid reaction, etc.) and template-assisted method (i.e., using hard template and soft template, respectively). Based on the classification of design and preparation strategies, the as-evolved various nonmetallic and metallic 1D nanoporous materials with varied microstructural features have been highlighted, followed by the corresponding description and discussion on their typical applications in catalysis, sensors, rechargeable batteries, solar cells, super-capacitors, water treatment, random lasers and so forth.

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25

Yanhong Zou, Yongjun Qing, Leyong Jiang, Shuangchun Wen, Hailu Luo, Yuanjiang Xiang, and Dianyuan Fan. "Improved Microwave Absorption of Carbonyl Iron Powder by the Array of Subwavelength Metallic Cut Wires." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16, no. 2 (2010): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2033256.

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26

Moradi, Afshin. "Erratum: Electrostatic wave propagation in an array of metallic wires [Phys. Plasmas 27, 064502 (2020)]." Physics of Plasmas 27, no. 7 (July 2020): 079902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017793.

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27

Shi, Haofei, Yueguang Lu, Xingzhan Wei, Xiaochun Dong, and Chunlei Du. "Characterization for metamaterials with a high refractive index formed by periodic stratified metallic wires array." Applied Physics A 97, no. 4 (August 13, 2009): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-009-5353-5.

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28

Lasagni, Andrés, Sabri Alamri, Alfredo Aguilar-Morales, Florian Rößler, Bogdan Voisiat, and Tim Kunze. "Biomimetic Surface Structuring Using Laser Based Interferometric Methods." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081260.

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This review investigates the capabilities of laser-based interferometric methods for producing structures with multiple-scaled surface features imitating natural examples. Firstly, laser interference lithography is used to produce hierarchical patterns with length-scales in the micrometer and sub-micrometer range. Different strategies are discussed to produce a wide variety of periodic arrays, depending on the number of resist lasers used as well as the way in which the exposure steps are organized. After that, periodic patterns are fabricated on polymers using ns laser pulses from an UV-laser system. Additionally in this case, multiple-scale patterns are produced by using different strategies. A similar approach is described to treat metallic surfaces of steel X6Cr17 and a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The geometry of the produced microstructures was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Measurement of water contact angle is performed for both polymer and metallic surfaces.

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29

Xia, Liangping, Hong-Liang Cui, Man Zhang, Suihu Dang, and Chunlei Du. "Broadband Anisotropy in Terahertz Metamaterial With Single-Layer Gap Ring Array." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 13, 2019): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142255.

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To convert the polarization of terahertz waves pumped by a femtosecond laser in a terahertz time domain system, a broadband anisotropic metamaterial is proposed. The metamaterial is constructed with a single-layer gapped metallic ring array, which supports different resonant modes in orthogonal directions. With the aid of simulations and measurements, the anisotropy of the terahertz transmission is demonstrated and discussed. The experimental results of THz transmission in the metamaterial indicate that the anisotropic band is as wide as 0.56 THz, which accords well with our theoretical prediction.

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30

Feng, Di, Chun Xi Zhang, and Yuan Hong Yang. "Focusing Properties of the Visible Light Wave through Plasmonic Lenses with Subwavelength Chirped Slits." Advanced Materials Research 586 (November 2012): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.586.356.

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Focusing properties of a new kind of plasmonic lenses are investigated in the visible wavelength range through a subwavelength metallic chirped slit arrays which have the same depth but chirped widths. The chirped widths of slits are like a piece-wise-linear distribution which will be approximated by linearly increasing the width of a subwavelength feature and can build up a required phase front for focusing. We analyzed the focusing characteristics of different metallic lenses (silver and gold, respectively) with chirped widths that are obtained by generalizing the relevant phase delay for TE- and TM-polarized incident waves, for different f-numbers of lenses and for different material thickness, respectively. Meanwhile, the comparison of the metallic and dielectric lenses is also presented. The results of calculations show that, the metallic lenses are more sensitive to the polarization of incidence wave than that of dielectric lenses, and can get narrower full-width half-maximum (FWHM) beam width than that of dielectric lenses for TM-polarized incident waves, respectively. No matter which f-number we choose, the FWHM of dielectric lenses are higher than the plasmonic lenses, and the plasmonic lenses can get a higher focal resolution than dielectric lenses do. This kind of plasmonic lenses should have a good potential for applications in photonic and plasmonic integrated devices, sensing, and nano-optical manipulations, etc.

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31

Ho, S. M., M. H. D. Othman, M. R. Adam, and K. Mohanraj. "A Short Review on Raman Studies of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 7 (2021): 1481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23112.

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The productions of the thin metallic chalcogenide films are of particular interest for the wide range of fabrication of the solar cells, sensors, photodiode arrays, photoconductors. Raman spectroscopy is used to measure the scattering radiation of a matter. Basically, the spectroscopic methods can be defined as the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a matter. It can be based on the phenomenon of absorption, fluorescence, emission or scattering. The observation of peaks supported the formation of amorphous or crystalline nature of the samples. In this short review, the authors had gathered some informations about the Raman studies of recently synthesized metal chalcogenide semiconductor thin films.

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32

Huynh, Chi Cuong, Roger Evrard, and Ngoc Duy Nguyen. "Trapping of Electrons around Nanoscale Metallic Wires Embedded in a Semiconductor Medium." Electronic Materials 2, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2020008.

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We predict that conduction electrons in a semiconductor film containing a centered square array of metal nanowires normal to its plane are bound in quantum states around the central wires, if a positive bias voltage is applied between the wires at the square vertices and the latter. We obtain and discuss the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of two models with different dimensions. The results show that the eigenstates can be grouped into different shells. The energy differences between the shells is typically a few tens of meV, which corresponds to frequencies of emitted or absorbed photons in a range of 3THz to 20THz approximately. These energy differences strongly depend on the bias voltage. We calculate the linear response of individual electrons on the ground level of our models to large-wavelength electromagnetic waves whose electric field is in the plane of the semiconductor film. The computed oscillator strengths are dominated by the transitions to the states in each shell whose wave function has a single radial node line normal to the wave electric field. We include the effect of the image charge induced on the central metal wires and show that it modifies the oscillator strengths so that their sum deviates from the value given by the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn rule. We report the linear response, or polarizability, versus photon energy, of the studied models and their absorption spectra. The latter show well-defined peaks as expected from the study of the oscillator strengths. We show that the position of these absorption peaks is strongly dependent on the bias voltage so that the frequency of photon absorption or emission in the systems described here is easily tunable. This makes them good candidates for the development of novel infrared devices.

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33

Chen, Hsing-Yi, and Ruei-Shen Wang. "Currents Induced in a Human Body Standing Inside a Metallic House Near a Large Wire-Array Transmission-Line NEMP Simulator." Electromagnetics 25, no. 6 (August 2005): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726340591007004.

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34

So, Kwok, Kwai Luk, Chi Chan, and Ka Chan. "3D Printed High Gain Complementary Dipole/Slot Antenna Array." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081410.

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By employing the complementary dipole antenna concept to the normal waveguide fed slot radiator, an improved antenna element with wide impedance bandwidth and symmetrical radiation patterns is developed. This is achieved by mounting two additional metallic cuboids on the top of the slot radiator, which is equivalent to adding an electric dipole on top of the magnetic dipole due to the slot radiator. Then, a high-gain antenna array was designed based on the improved element and fabricated, using 3D printing technology, with stable frequency characteristics operated at around 28 GHz. This was followed by metallization via electroplating. Analytical results agree well with the experimental results. The measured operating frequency range for the reflection coefficient ≤−15 dB is from 25.7 GHz to 29.8 GHz; its corresponding fractional impedance bandwidth is 14.8%. The measured gain is approximately 32 dBi, with the 3 dB beamwidth around 4°.

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35

Zach, Michael P., Koji Inazu, John C. Hemminger, and Reginald M. Penner. "Electrochemical Deposition of Molybdenum Nanowires for Use as Sensors." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028397.

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Electrodeposition of molybdenum dioxide (using the step edges of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite as nucleation templates) is used to form precursor nanowires ranging in diameter from 10 nm to one micron with many exceeding one-half millimeter in length. Subsequent treatment with hydrogen gas above 500°C reduces the wires to conductive metallic molybdenum. (Science, December 15, 2000, 290 (5499) 2120, selected as cover story). Currently, this is the only method which exists to create millions of ordered nanowire arrays with such high aspect ratios. A film of either polystyrene or cyanoacrylate polymer is used to lift the wires off of the conductive graphite substrate making electronically isolated wires. Electronically isolated wires such as these hold promise to be sensors, electronic interconnects or as precursors for growing more complex electrodeposited circuitry.The discovery of a method to deposit nanowires is just the beginning. By using a piece of a double-sided copper-clad circuit board as a support, the polymer containing nanowires can be made into a robust sensor device.

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Liu, Si Qing, Bao Xu Song, Min Zhang, and Wan Ping Wang. "Current Situation and Outlook on Biological Treatment of Wastewater in Metallic Mine." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2460.

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Wastewater in mining and concentration operations is of high acidity, and contains a vast array of heavy metal ions, and some organic compounds. Biological treatment of the wastewater in some metallic-ore mines and concentrators are reviewed. There is a fast development of biological process from fundamental research to large scale commercial application in the past 20 years. Compared with other processes, biological process has an excellent performance without secondary pollution, including its wide pH application range, small investment and low operational cost. Biological process is still a promising process in treating wastewater for mining industry.

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Leontiev, Alexey P., Olga Yu Volkova, Irina A. Kolmychek, Anastasia V. Venets, Alexander R. Pomozov, Vasily S. Stolyarov, Tatiana V. Murzina, and Kirill S. Napolskii. "Tuning the Optical Properties of Hyperbolic Metamaterials by Controlling the Volume Fraction of Metallic Nanorods." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050739.

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Porous films of anodic aluminum oxide are widely used as templates for the electrochemical preparation of functional nanocomposites containing ordered arrays of anisotropic nanostructures. In these structures, the volume fraction of the inclusion phase, which strongly determines the functional properties of the nanocomposite, is equal to the porosity of the initial template. For the range of systems, the most pronounced effects and the best functional properties are expected when the volume fraction of metal is less than 10%, whereas the porosity of anodic aluminum oxide typically exceeds this value. In the present work, the possibility of the application of anodic aluminum oxide for obtaining hyperbolic metamaterials in the form of nanocomposites with the metal volume fraction smaller than the template porosity is demonstrated for the first time. A decrease in the fraction of the pores accessible for electrodeposition is achieved by controlled blocking of the portion of pores during anodization when the template is formed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been shown in the example of obtaining nanocomposites containing Au nanorods arrays. The possibility for the control over the position of the resonance absorption band corresponding to the excitation of collective longitudinal oscillations of the electron gas in the nanorods in a wide range of wavelengths by controlled decreasing of the metal volume fraction, is shown.

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My, D. T. T., H. N. B. Phuong, T. T. Huong, and B. T. M. Tu. "A Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Array for Millimeter Wave Applications." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 4 (August 16, 2020): 6057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3710.

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In this paper, a low-profile broadband antenna is proposed for future 5G millimeter-wave cellular wireless networks. The proposed antenna is a modified Magneto-Electric (ME) dipole, which consists of four metallic plates, grounded vias, an aperture fed, a ground plane, and a microstrip line feed. The antennas are built on RT/Duroid 5880 substrates and have been realized by the printed circuit board technique. A single-element with an overall of 10×10×1.04mm3 (~1.26λo×1.26λo×0.13λo at 38GHz) exhibits an impedance matching of 27.9% (32.2-42.8GHz) for |S11|<–10dB and a realized gain up to 7.5dBi over the frequency band. The usefulness of these antennas as beamforming radiators is demonstrated by a 1×4 element linear array. Also, a wide-band excitation is applied for the linear ME dipole array to realize a broadband array. The simulated results proved the proposed array can operate in a frequency band spreading from 31.4GHz to 42.1GHz with a gain of 12.5dBi and a side-lobe of -13dB

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Singh, Rupinder, and Nishant Ranjan. "Experimental investigations for preparation of biocompatible feedstock filament of fused deposition modeling (FDM) using twin screw extrusion process." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 11 (October 31, 2017): 1455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705717738297.

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Twin screw extrusion (TSE) is one of the commercially established processes for reinforcement of metallic/nonmetallic/ceramic fillers in polymer matrix for tailor-made applications. In this study, biocompatible feedstock filament has been prepared (in-house) for commercial fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup with biocompatible grade polymers, namely polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene which was reinforced with the hydroxyapatite particles. The process parameters (namely, material composition, rotational speed of TSE, die temperature of TSE, HAp particle grain size, and applied load on TSE) were optimized using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. In this study, mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical properties have been established, and best-feedstock filament wire for development of partial/complete denture on the FDM with functionally graded surfaces properties has been recommended for future applications.

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Ravishankar, Ajith P., Marvin A. J. van Tilburg, Felix Vennberg, Dennis Visser, and Srinivasan Anand. "Color generation from self-organized metalo-dielectric nanopillar arrays." Nanophotonics 8, no. 10 (August 14, 2019): 1771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0171.

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AbstractNanostructures composed of dielectric, metallic or metalo-dielectric structures are receiving significant attention due to their unique capabilities to manipulate light for a wide range of functions such as spectral colors, anti-reflection and enhanced light-matter interaction. The optical properties of such nanostructures are determined not only by the shape and dimensions of the structures but also by their spatial arrangement. Here, we demonstrate the generation of vivid colors from nanostructures composed of spatially disordered metalo-dielectric (In/InP) nanopillar arrays. The nanopillars are formed by a single-step, ion-sputtering-assisted, self-assembly process that is inherently scalable and avoids complex patterning and deposition procedures. The In/InP nanopillar dimensions can be changed in a controlled manner by varying the sputter duration, resulting in reflective colors from pale blue to dark red. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the distribution of the formed nanopillars shows that they are spatially disordered. The electromagnetic simulations combined with the optical measurements show that the reflectance spectra are strongly influenced by the pillar dimensions. While the specular and diffuse reflectance components are appreciable in all the nanopillar samples, the specular part dominates for the shorter nanopillars, thereby leading to a glossy effect. The simulation results show that the characteristic features in the observed specular and diffused reflectance spectra are determined by the modal and light-scattering properties of single pillars. While the work focuses on the In/InP system, the findings are relevant in a wider context of structural color generation from other types of metalo-dielectric nanopillar arrays.

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Jiang, Zhiguo, Shaoqiu Xiao, and Bing-Zhong Wang. "A Low-Cost Light-Weight Ultrawideband Wide-Angle Scanning Tightly Coupled Dipole Array Loaded With Multilayer Metallic Strips." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 24975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054658.

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Prinz, G. A. "MBE of Magnetic Metallic Structures." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 6 (June 1988): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400065465.

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Epitaxial growth of magnetic metals actually pre-dates epitaxial growth of semiconductors. The earliest work (1936), which reported single-crystal Fe growth on NaCl, exploited the fact that single-crystal substrates of NaCl were easy to obtain, readily cleaved, and could be cleaned in a vacuum by heating. The good lattice match between the two systems and lack of interfacial disruption upon growth permitted excellent quality single-crystal films of Fe to be grown in relatively modest vacuum. Improved vacuum techniques broadened the range of materials which could be studied, with respect to both the films and substrates. The most recent ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) techniques developed for molecular beam epitaxial growth of semiconductors, including the large array of electron-based analytical tools, have also been exploited to grow and characterize magnetic metal films.Some requirements for these magnetic materials, such as the need for higher temperature effusion sources to generate useful fluxes of Fe, Co and Ni, and high vacuum in the presence of e-beam sources in order to avoid oxidation of the rare earths, served to stimulate new technical developments for the field in general. It is now possible to control growth to a fraction of a monolayer (ML) and even to know when one ML coverage is complete and another is beginning. The techniques have become so successful that a whole new subfield of magnetism has emerged — surface and interfacial magnetism — in which the work would be largely meaningless if one could not grow precisely characterized epitaxial magnetic metal films. Recent work has shown that it is now possible to grow single-crystal magnetic metal films on a wide variety of substrates, including insulators (oxides and salts), semiconductors, and metals.

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Zhang, Deng, Song, and Zhang. "Broadband Near-Infrared Absorber Based on All Metallic Metasurface." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213568.

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Perfect broadband absorbers have increasingly been considered as important components for controllable thermal emission, energy harvesting, modulators, etc. However, perfect absorbers which can operate over a wide optical regime is still a big challenge to achieve. Here, we propose and numerically investigate a perfect broadband near-infrared absorber based on periodic array of four isosceles trapezoid prism (FITP) unit cell made of titanium (Ti) over a continuous silver film. The structure operates with low quality (Q) factor of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) because of the intrinsic high loss, which is the foundation of the broadband absorption. The high absorption of metal nanostructures mainly comes from the power loss caused by the continuous electron transition excited by the incident light inside the metal, and the resistance loss depends on the enhanced localized electric field caused by the FITP structure. Under normal incidence, the simulated absorption is over 90% in the spectrum ranging from 895 nm to 2269 nm. The absorber is polarization-independent at normal incidence, and has more than 80% high absorption persisting up to the incident angle of ~45° at TM polarization.

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Wu, Yanjie, Jie Xiong, Feng Deng, Hai Lin, and You Wang. "A miniaturized frequency selective rasorber with high selectivity passband and wideband absorption properties." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 8 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2020017.

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A miniaturized frequency selective rasorber (FSR) with high selectivity passband and wideband absorption properties is presented. Its performance as an absorber over a wide absorption band from 8.08 to 18.08 GHz through the structure of metal incurved square loop structure loaded resistors. The frequency selective surface (FSS) using Jerusalem cross array and metallic patch realizes the transmission frequency band from 2.7 to 3.52 GHz. And the insertion loss (IL) is 0.37 dB at 3.08 GHz. The symmetry and miniaturized elements design enable the proposed FSR to achieve satisfactory incident angle stability. Its small unit size effectively avoids the generation of grating lobes in the absorption band and the interference to Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction.

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45

Tokan, Fikret, Daniele Cavallo, and Andrea Neto. "A novel planar, broadband, high gain lateral wave antenna array for body scanning applications." Journal of Electrical Engineering 71, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2020-0042.

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Abstract Three-dimensional body scanning systems are increasingly used in sensitive public areas such as airports. By providing a high resolution image of a person from all sides, it is possible to detect potential metallic, ceramic and explosive threats. For these systems, it is essential to design broadband antennas with a fan beam, highly directional radiation in one plane and wide in the other plane, and characterized by phase center stability as a function of frequency. In this paper, the planar lateral wave antenna (LWA) array is proposed to achieve these radiation requirements. The LWA has two critical shortcomings: the flaring part and the dielectric matching layers (MLs), to operate over very broad frequency bands. In this work, these shortcomings are overcomed by forming a connected array of planar LWAs to improve broadband performance and by applying necessary perforations on the dense dielectric lens antenna to create different effective relative permittivity regions. An eight element connected and perforated LWA array is designed to operate in the 8–24 GHz frequency band. The drilled holes are proved to play a similar critical role of MLs in internal reflection suppression. The results emphasize all crucial demands for body scanning systems.

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46

Oettingen, Mikołaj, and Przemysław Stanisz. "Monte Carlo modelling of Th-Pb fuel assembly with californium neutron source." Nukleonika 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2018-0011.

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Abstract This paper describes the methodology developed for the numerical reconstruction and modelling of the thorium-lead (Th-Pb) assembly available at the Department of Nuclear Energy, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University, Krakow, Poland. This numerical study is the first step towards integral irradiation experiments in the Th-Pb environment. The continuous-energy Monte Carlo burnup (MCB) code available on supercomputer Prometheus of ACK Cyfronet AGH was applied for numerical modelling. The assembly consists of a hexagonal array of ThO2 fuel rods and metallic Pb rods. The design allows for different arrangements of the rods for various types of irradiations and experimental measurements. The intensity of the fresh neutron source intended for integral experiments is about 108 n/s, which corresponds to the mass of about 43 μg 252Cf. The source was modelled in the form of Cf2O3-Pd cermet wire embedded in two stainless steel capsules.

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Zhao, Yan, George Palikaras, Pavel A. Belov, Rostyslav F. Dubrovka, Constantin R. Simovski, Yang Hao, and Clive G. Parini. "Magnification of subwavelength field distributions using a tapered array of metallic wires with planar interfaces and an embedded dielectric phase compensator." New Journal of Physics 12, no. 10 (October 29, 2010): 103045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/10/103045.

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48

Posthill, J. B., D. M. Lee, F. Shimura, and G. A. Rozgonyi. "Heterogeneous precipitation on misfit dislocations in Si/Si-2%Ge epitaxy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100104534.

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Metallic impurities such as Au, Ni, Cu, Fe, etc. are known to degrade the performance of electronic devices. Therefore, necessary precautions must be taken to ensure that impurity contamination is minimized. Nevertheless, some degree of inherent and process-induced impurity introduction into silicon crystals is unavoidable. An intrinsic gettering annealing cycle can be utilized to nucleate metallic precipitates on dislocations produced upon SiO2 precipitation.eg.1 Another impurity gettering approach is the intentional introduction of a controlled, stable array of dislocations to act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. This is one type of extrinsic gettering scheme. This contribution addresses our ongoing studies pertaining to extrinsic gettering by an orthogonal grid of b=1/2<011> 60° misfit dislocations generated in Si/Si-2%Ge epitaxy. Additionally, the prospect of uniformly decorating dislocations with a conducting metal presents the technological opportunity for forming buried micro-wires as proposed previously.A buried Si-2%Ge epitaxial layer of ˜ 2 μm thickness was grown on (001) silicon substrates at 1080°C by chemical vapor deposition. The Ge concentration is defined as the ratio of GeH4 to SiH2Cl2. On top of the Si-2%Ge layer, a 4-13 μm pure silicon capping epilayer was grown. Misfit dislocations were generated at both of the Si/Si-2%Ge interfaces.

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Li, Xinghua, Mingde Feng, Jiafu Wang, Xinmin Fu, Yajuan Han, Sai Sui, Yongqiang Pang, and Shaobo Qu. "Wideband RCS reduction of thin metallic edges mediated by spoof surface plasmon polaritons." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 8 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2020018.

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The back-scattering from front edge diffraction contributes significantly to mono-static radar cross section under TE-polarization when the specular reflection of an object is eliminated by elaborate shaping. With the aim to suppress the back-scattering of thin metallic edge, we propose to achieve wideband radar cross section (RCS) reduction by integrating an absorbing structure (AS) in front of the edge. The unit cell of AS is composed of a longitudinal array of metallic strips with linearly decreasing lengths. Under TE-polarized illumination, spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) can be excited with high efficiency. Due to the deep-subwavelength property of SSPP, electromagnetic waves are highly confined around the AS, leading to strong local field enhancement and hence to wideband absorption. In this way, back-scattering of the edge is suppressed and the mono-static RCS can be reduced significantly over wide band. To verify this method, we designed, fabricated and measured a prototype. The results of both simulation and measurement indicate that our proposal can significantly suppress edge scattering, whose RCS reduction more than 10 dB achieves at range of 8.8–17.8 GHz under TE polarization. This work provides a new alternative of suppressing edge diffraction and may find applications in electromagnetic compatibility, radar stealth, etc.

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50

Udupi, Aparna, Mruthyunjaya Somasekhara Handigod, and Sathish Madhava Kumar. "Unidirectional and bidirectional coupling of surface plasmons based on nonperiodic nano slit array." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.745.

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A 2D structure made up of nano slits to couple free space mode of any given wave front to a propagating Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) mode of Metal Insulator Metal (MIM) waveguide is proposed. The structure can be designed to act as either a unidirectional coupler or a bidirectional coupler. Designed structures are simulated using FEM technique and results for circular and plane wave fronts are demonstrated. From the results obtained, it is observed that there is an optimum aperture size for coupling maximum power into the MIM waveguide for the case of circular wave front. Full Text: PDF ReferencesMaier S A, Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications (Springer, Berlin 2007). CrossRef Chen J et al.,"Efficient unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons with asymmetric single-nanoslit", Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 4 (2010) CrossRef Yang X et al., "Unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons by a single right-angled trapezoid metallic nanoslit", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 50, 4 (2017). CrossRef Lu F et al. "An efficient and ultra-broadband unidirectional optical coupler for wide incidence angles", Opt. Commun., 379 (2016). CrossRef Liu D et al., "New RLL Decoding Algorithm for Multiple Candidates in Visible Light Communication", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 27, 15 (2015). CrossRef Wang C M et al., "Angle-Independent Infrared Filter Assisted by Localized Surface Plasmon Polariton", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 20, 13 (2008). CrossRef Wang C M, Feng D Y, "Omnidirectional thermal emitter based on plasmonic nanoantenna arrays", Opt. Express 22, 2 (2014). CrossRef Huang Y, Min C and Veronis G, "Light trapping by backside diffraction gratings in silicon solar cells revisited", Opt. Express 20, 20 (2012). CrossRef Liang X et al., "Undirectional launcher of surface plasmon polaritons based on subwavelength slits with side-illumination and backside-illumination", Optik 127, 3 (2016). CrossRef Dionne J A, Lezec H J and Atwater H A, "Highly Confined Photon Transport in Subwavelength Metallic Slot Waveguides", Nano letters 6, 9 (2006). CrossRef Ghatak, A., & Thyagarajan, K, An introduction to fiber optics Cambridge university press 1998). CrossRef Vial A et al., "Improved analytical fit of gold dispersion: Application to the modeling of extinction spectra with a finite-difference time-domain method", Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 71, 8 (2005). CrossRef

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