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Journal articles on the topic 'Metallurgical furnaces Combustion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Akst, N. K., B. S. Fialkov, V. A. Demchenko, and D. T. Kuznetsov. "Monitoring fuel combustion in metallurgical furnaces." Metallurgist 29, no. 8-9 (September 1985): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00737825.

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2

Huang, Wei, Shan Ding, Hua Guang Yan, Li Min Jiang, Tao Yong Li, and Long Zhang. "Application of Double Cross Limit Control on the Combustion Control System of Heating Furnaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1049.

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Based on a heating furnace in metallurgical industry, this paper discusses the theory of double cross limit combustion control. Its an effective way to get a reasonable air-fuel ratio and prevent the black smoke pollution of the environment. And it also can effectively improve the effect of energy saving and make a good economic benefit for enterprises. The simulation curves show a satisfying effect.
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3

Szymanek, Przemysław, Anna Pajdak, and Arkadiusz Szymanek. "Impact of magnetic fuel activators on the combustion process in metallurgical heating furnaces." Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/epj/103123.

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4

Bukhmirov, V. V., A. V. Sadchikov, A. A. Sadchikov, E. N. Temlyantseva, and E. N. Bushuev. "Burner development for efficient combustion of biogas." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2020.6.005-013.

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Now in metallurgical production energy resources demand is almost completely satisfied by gaseous fuel. Biogas obtained during organic waste processing is considered as an alternative and cheaper type of fuel. The experience of biogas application has shown that in most modern burners decrease of efficiency and limitation of the range of load regulation is observed. To apply biogas in an industrial environment, it is necessary to develop burners and the methods of its combustion, which provide a high combustion efficiency, as well as a higher energy conversion efficiency. The authors have used the results of gas analysis of biogas obtained in the process of anaerobic decomposition process of organic waste in the reactors of a bioenergy plant. Methods of mathematical statistics with the use of regression analysis of experimental data were used to assess the indicators of the energy efficiency of the gas burner. The possibility of using biogas and landfill gas in the process of roasting, blast-furnace smelting, production of rolled products and steel, as well as heat treatment of metal has been experimentally proven. The properties and composition of biogas at the outlet of the methanogenesis reactor of the bioenergy plant “EcoVoltAgro” are described. A new design of a gas burner is proposed. In this model the efficiency of mixture formation and the completeness of combustion of the flow of a methane-containing gas mixture are significantly increased (up to 32 %) due to the effect of rotation of the perforated pipelines of the gas inlet pipe. On the basis of the results of the full-scale experiment, the optimal values of the gas-air mixture supply rate, the temperature of the supplied air, the volume fraction of methane were determined in order to obtain the largest width of the zone of deviations of the permissible concentrations of carbon dioxide. The use of the designed gas burner provides energy-efficient combustion of biogas in metallurgical furnaces, kilns, and dryers, as well as in any steam and hot water boilers.
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5

Stryczek, Stanisław, Rafał Wiśniowski, Andrzej Gonet, and Albert Złotkowski. "Influence of Specific Surface of Lignite Fluidal Ashes on Rheological Properties of Sealing Slurries / Wpływ Powierzchni Właściwej Popiołów Fluidalnych z Węgla Brunatnego na Właściwości Reologiczne Zaczynów Uszczelniających." Archives of Mining Sciences 57, no. 2 (November 12, 2012): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10267-012-0019-0.

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Abstract New generation fly ashes come from the combustion of coal in fluid-bed furnaces with simultaneous sulphur-removal from gases at ca. 850°C. Accordingly, all produced ashes basically differ in their physicochemical properties from the traditional silica ones. The aim of the laboratory analyses was determining the influence of specific surface and granular composition of fluidal ash on rheological properties of slurries used for sealing up the ground and rock mass media with hole injection methods, geoengineering works and cementing casing pipes in deep boreholes. Fluidal ash from the combustion of lignite contain active Puzzolan appearing in the form of dehydrated clayey minerals and active components activating the process of hydration ashes, i.e. CaO, anhydrite II and CaCO3. The ashes have a weak point, i.e. their high water diment, which the desired rheological properties related with the range of their propagation in the rock mass cannot not be acquired for injection works in the traditional sealing slurries technology. Increasing the water-to-mixture ratio should eliminate this feature of fluidal ashes. Laboratory analyses were performed for slurries based on metallurgical cement CEM III/A 32,5 having water-to-mixture ratios: 0.5; 0.6 ; 0.7 and 0.8; the fluidal ash concentration in the slurries was 30 wt.% (with respect to the mass of dry cement). Basing on the obtained results there were determined optimum recipes of sealing slurries in view of their rheological parameters which could be applied both in drilling technologies (cementing casing pipes, closing of boreholes, plugging) and in geoengineering works related with sealing up and reinforcing ground and rock mass media.
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6

Ovsyannik, A. V. "Carbon Dioxide Turbine Expander Plant Producing Liquid and Gaseous Carbon Dioxide." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-1-77-87.

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The scheme of carbon dioxide cogeneration and trigeneration plant with the use of secondary energy resources in the form of combustion products or flue gases that enables to produce electricity, thermal energy and cold for centralized and decentralized supply of consumers simultaneously, is presented. In addition, the plant can produce liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. The main elements of the plant are a heating unit, a turbodetander unit and a carbon dioxide unit for the production of cold, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. A thermodynamic calculation and a brief exergy analysis of the plant were carried out. In the proposed plant, off-gases from glassmelting, metallurgical furnaces, heat power facility and other energy facilities with a secondary energy temperature of 250–400 °C and above can be used as secondary energy resources. The heating unit of the installation has been designed to produce thermal energy for heating and hot water supply systems. The carbon dioxide unit has been designed for the production of cold, electric energy and carbon dioxide in liquid and gaseous form in order to ensure the operation of the plant and the use for commercial purposes. The cold in the plant can be obtained in two evaporators operating at different boiling temperatures. At a higher boiling point of carbon dioxide, cold is used in air conditioning systems and in centralized cooling and storage systems, while at a lower boiling point of carbon dioxide – in freezing and storage systems. For the implementation of the reverse carbon dioxide cycle, a three-stage carbon dioxide compressor with a receiver after the third stage is used. To reduce compression performance of the compressor, complete intermediate cooling of carbon dioxide between stages should be provided.
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7

Zhang, Xiong, Zhi Wen, Guo Feng Lou, and Nai Shuai Wang. "A Discussion and Economic Analysis of Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Technology in Metallurgic Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.351.

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of oxygen-enriched combustion in metallurgic furnaces. Based on the knowledge of combustion and air separation, some advantages of oxygen-enriched combustion are carried on. In this work, the relation between energy efficiency and oxygen enrichment is presented, the result showed that furnaces can reach more than 10% energy saving by properly applying oxygen-enriched combustion technology. A system which combines the oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the CO2 capture with membrane separation technology is evaluated. In this system, the energy cost for CO2 capture can reach 0.9GJ/(t CO2). Finally, some problems that still need further study are also discussed.
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8

Dong, Kai, and Xueliang Wang. "CO2 Utilization in the Ironmaking and Steelmaking Process." Metals 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030273.

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Study on the resource utilization of CO2 is important for the reduction of CO2 emissions to cope with global warming and bring a beneficial metallurgical effect. In this paper, research on CO2 utilization in the sintering, blast furnace, converter, secondary refining, continuous casting, and smelting processes of stainless steel in recent years in China is carried out. Based on the foreign and domestic research and application status, the feasibility and metallurgical effects of CO2 utilization in the ferrous metallurgy process are analyzed. New techniques are shown, such as (1) flue gas circulating sintering, (2) blowing CO2 through a blast furnace tuyere and using CO2 as a pulverized coal carrier gas, (3) top and bottom blowing of CO2 in the converter, (4) ladle furnace and electric arc furnace bottom blowing of CO2, (5) CO2 as a continuous casting shielding gas, (6) CO2 for stainless steel smelting, and (7) CO2 circulation combustion. The prospects of CO2 application in the ferrous metallurgy process are widespread, and the quantity of CO2 utilization is expected to be more than 100 kg per ton of steel, although the large-scale industrial utilization of CO2 emissions is just beginning. It will facilitate the progress of metallurgical technology effectively and promote the energy conservation of the metallurgical industry strongly.
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9

Jiang, Juanjuan, Rong Zhu, and Shengtao Qiu. "Effect of CO2 injection into blast furnace tuyeres on the pulverized coal combustion." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0018.

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Abstract CO2 injection into blast furnace tuyeres is a new technology to utilize CO2, aiming at expanding the way of CO2 self-absorption in the metallurgical industry. The decisive factor of whether CO2 can be mixed into a blast-furnace hot blast and the proper mixing ratio is the effect of CO2 injection on pulverized coal burnout. To investigate the effect of CO2 injection into tuyeres on pulverized coal burnout, a three-dimensional mathematical model of pulverized coal flow and combustion in the lower part of the pulverized coal injection lance-blowpipe-tuyere-raceway was established, and the effect of CO2 injection into tuyeres on pulverized coal combustion rate and outlet temperature is analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the delay of pulverized coal combustion in the early stage is caused by the endothermic effect of the reaction of CO2 with carbon, and the burnout of pulverized coal is increased in the later stage due to the oxidation of CO2.
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10

Soroka, B. S., and N. V. Vorobyov. "Efficiency of the Use of Humidified Gas Fuel and Oxidizing Mixture." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-6-547-564.

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The influence of hydration of the components of combustion (air-oxidizer and – in some cases – fuel) including hydration in the conditions of substitution of natural gas by alternative gas fuels, viz. by coke blast furnace mixture and natural blast furnace mixture – on energy efficiency of the use of different fuels has been determined. Calculations of fuel saving for substitution of natural gas (NG) by wet process gas (blast furnace gas (BFG), coke gas (CG), their mixtures) were performed taking into account real technological parameters (on the example of a specific metallurgical plant). All the calculations were performed within the framework of the author’s methodology on fuel substitution grounded on the 1st and the 2nd laws of thermodynamics. The analysis of possibility for saving or overspending NG is performed in the conditions of preservation of the flow of the used total enthalpy (as the main requirement of the methodology that had been proposed) and of taking into account the corresponding efficiency of fuel use. The calculation of the required heat flow of natural gas combustion depending on the content of wet blast furnace gas in NG + BFG mixtures for the cases of NG substitution by process gases has been carried out. It is established that the presence of moisture in the fuel-oxidation mixture always reduces the efficiency of the combustion chamber or the energy process and the unit. In order to increase the efficiency of a high-temperature furnace (boiler), it is necessary to provide heating of combustion components when utilizing the heat of the outgoing combustion products. It is shown that the efficiency of the fuel-using system can be significantly increased when the potential (excess total enthalpy) of the working fluid (combustion products) is activated. There are additiоnal benefits due to the fact that the existing heat of products of combustion with humid air in a full range of temperatures – from the theoretical combustion temperature to ambient temperature under conditions of equilibrium, including account of the heat of condensation – increases with increasing moisture content of the initial components of combustion, viz. air-oxidizer and/or fuel gas.
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11

Liu, Fuhai, Rong Zhu, Guangsheng Wei, and Shiliang Fan. "Effect of Lance Structure on Behavior of Coherent Jet in EAF Steelmaking Process." Materials 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051043.

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During the electric arc furnace steelmaking process, the coherent jet technology was widely used to protect the kinetic energy of the supersonic oxygen jet and achieve better mixing effects. Comparing with the conventional oxygen lance, the coherent lance could increase the surface area of impaction cavity, resulting in a better stirring effect and higher reaction rate. However, there was limited research about the effect of restriction structure for the coherent lance tip on the flow field characteristic of the main oxygen jet. In this research, three kinds of restriction structures have been investigated by numerical simulation and combustion experiment at room and high ambient temperature conditions. Then an optimum restriction structure would be tested in a 75 t electrical arc furnace steelmaking process to verify its metallurgical property.
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12

Yaroshevskii, S. I., V. V. Kochura, A. M. Kuznetsov, A. S. Khaibulaev, and Z. K. Afanas’eva. "Efficiency of injection of natural gas and pulverized coal at ironmaking." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 11 (December 23, 2019): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-833-839.

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The method for calculating indicators of blast furnace smelting with replacement of part of coke with additional fuels has been developed on the basis of full and complex compensation and compensating measures. Efficiency of the use of natural gas and pulverized coal in the blast furnace conditions of the Enakievo Metallurgical Plant was calculated and it has been confirmed as rather high. Increase in the consumption of natural gas from the baseline (71.8 m3/t of iron) to 110 m3/t ensures a corresponding increase in productivity of the blast furnace to 107.6 % and a decrease in the consumption of coke to 417.3 kg/t of iron (–38.4 kg/t, –8.42 %). Replacing natural gas with pulverized coal in the amount of 160 kg/t of iron made it possible to completely remove it from the blast. At the same time, coke consumption decreased to 354.59 kg/t of iron (–101.1 kg/t; –22.18 %). Increasing the consumption of pulverized coal fuel up to 200 kg/t of iron with compensation of the blast temperature of1200 °Cand oxygen of the blast of 25 % provides an increase in the productivity of the blast furnace to 105.8 % and reduction of coke consumption to 303.8 kg/t of iron (–151.9 kg/t, –33.33 %). High efficiency of the use of pulverized coal in conditions of the Enakievo Metallurgical Plant is explained by its lower cost compared to natural gas, high carbon content in coal and a significantly lower effecton the theoretical combustion temperature and other technological parameters.
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13

Słomka-Słupik, Barbara. "Self-Immobilizing Metals Binder for Construction Made of Activated Metallurgical Slag, Slag from Lignite Coal Combustion and Ash from Biomass Combustion." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113101.

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Research on the effective use of secondary products is gaining more and more importance in Poland due to the intensively implementing idea of the circular economy. The solution used in this work are one of many tests useful in construction. The subject of this work was therefore the formation and testing of a new ecological construction binder, in particular for mortars or prefabricated elements working in the environment with high humidity. The binder was made of alkaline activated ground granular blast furnace slag (AAS), fly ash from biomass combustion (BFA) and furnace slag from brown coal combustion (LFS). The mixture was modified by introducing the zeolite to check the degree of metals immobilization contained in the ingredients of the mixture. A series of three mixtures were prepared: without and with zeolite soaked in distilled water or calcium nitrate. The strength of binders in time in dry and wet curing were tested and compared with the microstructure. The maximum compressive strength values at the eighth week were about 30 MPa. The strength values after 4 weeks of dry and wet curing were also compared. It was shown that 28-day wet curing increased the bending strength of the beams more than twice, but slightly decreased the compressive strength. The microstructure of the mixture with the highest values of compressive strength was the densest and the one with the lowest values of compressive strength, the most loosened with the most differentiated topographically fracture. The impregnation of zeolite with calcium nitrate decreased the compressive strength of the binder significantly. The bending strength of samples curing in dry conditions decreased during hardening. The results of the metals leaching test showed that the mixtures were safe for the environment, and due to the impregnation of zeolite with calcium nitrate, the binding effect of copper and zinc in the first weeks was greater than in the other mixtures.
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14

Mec, Pavel, and Lucie Gembalová. "Interfacial Transition Zone Between Aggregate And Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag – A Scanning Electron Microscopy." GeoScience Engineering 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2018-0018.

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Abstract Alkali-activated binders are currently a widely-researched material. Thanks to the use of secondary raw materials such as slag from metallurgical production and ash from combustion, it appears to be a more promising and more environmentally friendly material than conventional cement concrete. Considerable attention is paid to the bonding phase itself, but only a few works deal with the binder-aggregate interaction. With cement concrete, much more attention is paid to this issue. This paper deals with the possibility of observation using electron microscopy and the information that can be obtained by this method. The problems of sample preparation and difficulties in the course of our own observation are observed.
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15

Costa, Sérgio Cavaleiro, Isabel Malico, Rui Pedro Monteiro Lima, and Luís Rato. "Numerical Simulation of a Large-Scale Industrial Billet Heating Furnace with Direct Flame Impingement." Defect and Diffusion Forum 407 (March 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.407.11.

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Numerical simulations of a billet heating furnace with direct flame impingement operating in a metallurgical plant were carried out and the results compared to measurements obtained in an industrial environment. The transport equations for mass, momentum, energy and mass of chemical species in reactive flow were computed with the use of ANSYS FLUENT. Turbulence, combustion and radiation were modeled using, respectively, the realizable k-ε model, the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation model and the finite volume scheme. The model was used to simulate the furnace operating under the conditions that occurred during an energy audit carried out at an industrial facility (413 kW firing rate and 80% excess air). The predicted furnace efficiency, 72.5%, is in very good agreement with the one obtained in the energy audit (0.4% difference). The flue gas temperature at the end of the second preheating zone was measured during the energy audit and its value compared to the one predicted. In this case, the agreement between measurements and simulation is not so satisfactory (23% difference). This paper presents the validation of a CFD model of a direct-flame impingement furnace for billet heating in a full-scale industrial situation, which was not previously published, and opens the way for more simulations and detailed studies of the phenomena that occur inside this type of furnace.
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16

Ryemshak, Solomon A., Aliyu Jauro, Istifanus Y. Chindo, and Eno O. Ekanem. "Mineral Matter in Nigerian Coals and Tar Sand and Their Implications in Binary Blend Formulation and Co-Carbonisation." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 43, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2015-0015.

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Abstract In blend simulation for metallurgical applications, the knowledge of the type and amount of mineral matter in coal and other additives, as well as their derivatives as a result of combustion is important in assessing the coke quality and blast furnace efficiency. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used in assessing the mineral matter contents and oxides produced up on combustion of the following Nigerian coals: Afuze (AFZ), Garin-Maiganga (GMG), Lamza (LMZ), Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ), and Chikila (CHK) in addition to a tar sand from Ondo (OTS). Coal samples from Afuze (AFZ) and Chikila (CHK) were found to contain quartz, hematite, and anhydride as the dominant minerals. The Garin-Maiganga coal sample (GMG) was found to contain quartz, magnetite, anhydride, and magnesite. Quartz and hematite were dominant in Lamza coal (LMZ), while Shankodi-Jangwa coal (SKJ) is associated with dolomite and quartz. The bitumen was found to contain quartz, kaolinite, and rutile. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of sixteen elemental oxides: the most abundant being silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminium oxide, sulphur trioxide, calcium oxide, and titanium oxide. Amongst the coal samples, CHK, AFZ and GMG coals have low acidic/basic and basic/acidic ratios, which indicate that cokes originating from them may form the least slag with the best blast furnace efficiency.
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17

Bieda, B., A. Henclik, and J. Kulczycka. "Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical Industry." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-010-0010-8.

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Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical IndustryThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the environmental management techniques, which aims to assess potential hazards to the environment of products, processes or entire systems. The role of LCA has been increasing as it was proposed in many EU and Polish official documents. The present paper aims to analyse the environmental impact of the process of energy generation in a boiler station (hereinafter referred to as the power plant), incorporated in the integrated mill operating in the Polish ferrous metal industry. Obtained results show that the most harmful potential for the environment presents the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides - this affects the respiratory system. The following impact factors potentially affecting the production of energy in the power plant are the climate change category, carcinogenic factors and fossil fuels. Moreover, comparative study for four variants of annual operation of the power plant was performed, whereby the variants differed only by the proportion in dosage of two types of fuel: hard coal and blast furnace gas (other fuels such as natural and coke gas were left at the current levels - they are used as "starting" fuel). Using the blast furnace gas will always be less harmful alternative for the environment, as it is a waste fuel, a side product, which requires no material and energy cost to produce. The only drawback of this fuel is high carbon emission index while combusting the blast furnace gas.
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18

Chatterjee, Soumya Jyoti, Goutam Khankari, and Sujit Karmakar. "Comparative 3-E (Energy, Exergy & Environmental) Analysis of Oxy-Coal and Air-Coal Combustion based 500 MWe Supercritical Steam Power Plants with CO2 Capture." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.4.053.

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The comparative performance study is carried out for 500 MW Supercritical (SupC) Oxy-Coal Combustion (OCC) and Air-Coal Combustion (ACC) power plants with membrane-based CO2 capture at the fixed furnace temperature. The proposed configurations are modelled using a computer-based analysis software 'Cycle-Tempo' at different operating conditions, and the detailed thermodynamic study is done by considering Energy, Exergy, and Environmental (3-E) analysis. The result shows that the net energy and exergy efficiencies of ACC power plants with CO2 capture are about 35.07 % and 30.88 %, respectively, which are about 6.44 % and 5.77 % points, respectively higher than that of OCC power plant. Auxiliary power consumption of OCC based power plant is almost 1.97 times more than that of the ACC based plant due to huge energy utilization in the Air Separation Unit (ASU) of OCC plant which leads to performance reduction in OCC plant. However, environmental benefit of OCC based power plant is more than that of ACC based power plant with respect to CO2 emission. OCC plant emits about 0.164 kg/kWh of CO2 which is approximately 16.75 times lower than the CO2 emission in ACC based power plant. It is also analyzed that the performance of the CO2 Capture Unit (CCU) for the OCC based plant is about 3.65 times higher than the ACC based power plant due to higher concentration of CO2 (nearly 80.63%) in the flue gas emitting from OCC plant. The study also reveals that the auxiliary power consumption per kg of CO2 capture of the OCC based plant is about 0.142 kWh/kg, which is approximately 0.06 times lower than the ACC based plant. The higher performance of the OCC based power plant is found at lower value of flue gas recirculation due to the fact that reduction in exergy destruction at the mixing zone of the combustor is higher than the increase in exergy destruction of the heat exchangers at higher furnace exit temperature. But the metallurgical temperature limit of boiler tube materials restricts the use of the higher value of furnace temperature. OCC based power plant with CO2 capture can be preferred over ACC based plant with CO2 capture due to higher environmental benefits towards mitigating CO2, the key greenhouse gas on earth in spite of exhibiting lesser energy and exergy efficiencies.
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19

Hu, Shaoyan, Rong Zhu, Kai Dong, Runzao Liu, and Nan Jiang. "Simulation and experimental research on top blown burner lance used for chrome ore smelting reduction process." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 5 (2018): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018038.

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Chrome ore smelting reduction process in converter for crude stainless steel production has won increasing attention because of utilizing cheap chrome ore as raw material instead of ferrochromium alloy, which can reduce the production cost significantly. Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of chrome ore smelting reduction have been well investigated by previous studies. How to improve the dissolution rate and reduction rate of chrome ore in actual production is the key problem of industrial application. In this paper, a method of using combustion flame to convey chrome ore powder was studied. Numerical simulation works were carried out to study the structure of top blown burner lance blowing propane combustion flame and chrome ore powder simultaneously. Optimal design of burner lance was confirmed and made for experiment. Flame measurement experiment was carried out to study the flame characteristics before and after powder addition, indicating that the addition of powder helps to prolong the flame length. Then a pilot experiment of chrome ore smelting reduction was carried out in a 0.5 ton submerged arc furnace, metallurgical effects under conditions with and without combustion flame were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the combustion flame can not only preheat the chrome ore powder, but also heat the molten slag of impact zone, obtaining better reaction rate and higher chrome ore yield.
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20

Agrawal, Ashish, Rohit Kumar Tiwari, Sanjiv Kumar, Rajeswar Chatterjee, Basant Kumar Singh, Rama Shankar Singh, Vineet Ranjan Tripathi, et al. "Technological advancements in evaluating the performance of the pulverized coal injection through tuyeres in blast furnace." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 6 (2020): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020068.

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The pulverized coal injection (PCI) is pursued to reduce the hot metal production cost by replacing the expensive metallurgical coke with the non-coking coal. Increasing the PCI rate causes various difficulties in the blast furnace (BF) operation. In the present work, an attempt is made to review the various aspects of PC injection in BF such as the challenges with increasing the PCI rate and modifications in the injection system to circumvent the concerns related to higher PCI rate. Various methods for detecting the tuyere blockage and failure caused due to the high PCI rate are elaborated. The factors influencing the combustion of coal in front of tuyeres have been discussed and their impact in the replacement ratio has been discussed. Further, recommendations are made to improve the coal combustibility in front of tuyeres.
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21

Zaharia, Magdalena, Veena Sahajwalla, Byong-Chul Kim, Rita Khanna, N. Saha-Chaudhury, Paul O’Kane, Jonathan Dicker, Catherine Skidmore, and David Knights. "Recycling of Rubber Tires in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking: Simultaneous Combustion of Metallurgical Coke and Rubber Tyres Blends." Energy & Fuels 23, no. 5 (May 21, 2009): 2467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef8010788.

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22

Pylypenko, R. A., R. V. Melnikov, and Ye S. Tsvetkov. "NATURAL GAS SAVING IN THE PROCESSES OF DRYING AND HEATING OF METALLURGICAL LADLES." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2020.04.

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The article shows the results of successful modernization of heating systems for cast iron and steel still-pouring ladles of blast furnace and open-hearth production. It was implemented by Ukraine Energy Ltd. with participation of the Institute of Gas of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. The main aim was reducing of natural gas consumption and emissions. The modernization has been completed using high-speed burners of various designs and changing heating systems to low-calorie gas. Changing of the heating system of pig-iron ladles of 100 tons from natural gas to the mixture of waste gases with natural gas has allowed to reduced the consumption of natural gas more than twofold. The use of the MSB-80 high-speed burner for drying the lining of 100 tons of iron ladles has made it possible to intensify the drying process and reduce the process time twofold as well. Natural gas saving is more than 35 %. The use of precision heating technology with GNB-1500 high-speed burners for the modernization of heating systems for steel casting 250 tons of ladles enables to increase the uniformity of heating the lining to ± 5 degrees, reduce the specific consumption of natural gas from 37 m3/t to 29.7 m3/t, and reduce the content of harmful substances in combustion products: CO ≤ 29 ppm, NOx ≤ 53 ppm. On example of changing natural gas in the heating system of cast-iron ladles with waste gases and using high-speed burners for burning natural gas is shown a real possibility to significantly reduce the consumption of natural gas, improve the quality of drying, reduce the time of processes and emissions. Bibl. 6, Fig. 9, Tab. 3.
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23

Sahajwalla, Veena, Magdalena Zaharia, Somyote Kongkarat, Rita Khanna, N. Saha-Chaudhury, and Paul O’Kane. "Recycling Plastics as a Resource for Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steelmaking: Combustion and Structural Transformations of Metallurgical Coke and Plastic Blends." Energy & Fuels 24, no. 1 (January 21, 2010): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef900875r.

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24

de Castro, Jose Adilson. "Model Predictions for New Iron Ore Sintering Process Technology Based on Biomass and Gaseous Fuels." Advanced Materials Research 918 (April 2014): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.918.136.

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In this paper a new technology for a compact iron ore sintering machine is analyzed. The compact sintering process is based on the massive injection of gaseous fuels and the solid fuel is only agglomerated fine charcoal obtained by biomass. The solid fuel used in this study is obtained by agglomeration of fine charcoal produced from elephant glass which has very short period for production and CO2 capture (less than 6 months in tropical climate). To overcome the lower heat supply into the combustion front of the sintering process the simultaneous injection of oxygen and gaseous fuel is proposed. The proposed methodology is to combine the solid fuel (agglomerated fines charcoal) and steelworks gases in a compact machine to enhance heat and mass transfer with high productivity (about 5 times the conventional large machine). A multiphase mathematical model based on transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species coupled with chemical reaction rates and phase transformations is used to analyze the inner process parameters. A base case representing a possible actual industrial operation of the sintering machine is used in order to compare different scenarios of practicable operations which represents advanced operations techniques. The model was used to predict six cases of combined operation with biomass and fuel gas utilization: a) Scenario 01 and 02: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of rich mixture of natural gas (NG) +Air +O2, b) Scenario 03 and 04: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of rich mixture of coke oven gas (COG)+Air + O2, c) Scenario 05 and 06: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of mixture of COG+BFG+Air+O2. The model predictions indicated that for all cases, the sintering zone is enlarged and the solid fuel consumption is decreased. In order to maximize the steelworks gas utilization it is recommended the use of mixture of COG and BFG with optimum inner temperature distribution within a compact sintering machine (in this study was the scenario 05), which enhance the productivity keeping good inner temperature distribution which promotes formation of calcium ferrites of structural shape which confers adequate metallurgical properties for blast furnace sinter. This technology is also expected to decrease considerably the specific CO2 emissions, as demonstrated by scenarios simulated. It worthy to mention that, although the solid fuel considered in this work is produced from biomass the gas utilization is attractive due to decrease of the CO2 emissions and the gas mixtures can easily be obtained by using inner steelworks gas.
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"Theory and Practice of Heat Transfer in Electric Arc Steelmaking and Flare Metallurgical Furnaces and Power Plants." Advances in Theoretical & Computational Physics 3, no. 3 (July 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/atcp.03.03.02.

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The author describes the fundamental laws of physics, the laws of thermal radiation of ionized and non-ionized gas volumes. Based on open laws, a modern theory of heat transfer and methods for calculating heat transfer in electric arc and flare metallurgical furnaces, furnaces of steam boilers, and combustion chambers of gas turbine plants of power plants have been developed. The use of scientific discovery makes it possible to create innovative electric arc steel-smelting furnaces, flare heating furnaces, and combustion chambers in which the consumption of electricity and fuel is reduced, productivity and service life are increased, and the amount of harmful emissions into the environment is reduced.
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"97/02621 Improvement of transportability of raw coal ultramicro powders in metallurgical furnaces or combustion furnace." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 38, no. 4 (July 1997): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(97)84511-0.

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27

"Design, Fabrication and Construction of Cupola Furnace for Metallurgical Industries." Journal of Applied Material Science & Engineering Research 4, no. 4 (October 13, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jamser.04.04.01.

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A 350 kilogram per hour capacity Cupola Furnace was designed and fabricated from locally available materials for the production of cast iron using pig iron, oily or contaminated steel scraps, foundry returns and fluxes. The main fuel used is metallurgical coke. After analyzing the design parameters, the metallic shells were fabricated in four segments for easy lining: the stack zone, preheating zone, combustion zone and the hearth. Mild steel sheet of 4 mm thickness was procured, marked out as per the design drawing, sliced, rolled into cylindrical shapes and welded together at each seam. The internal configuration was lined first with asbestos paper measuring 4 mm thick using water-glass to enable it adhere to the internal shell of the segments, thereafter, a less dense insulating refractory material was used and finally fireclay refractory bricks were used for lining as they interface directly with the molten metal. The various segments were then assembled and erected with the blower connected to the combustion zone. The research work also contains the materials and components bill.
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Szwaja, Stanisław, Monika Zajemska, Magdalena Szwaja, and Artur Maroszek. "Integration of waste biomass thermal processing technology with a metallurgical furnace to improve its efficiency and economic benefit." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, September 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02195-9.

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Abstract The article presents innovative technology which integrates a metallurgical pusher-type furnace with a waste heat recovery system that consisted of a reactor for torrefaction and pyrolysis of waste biomass. The technology is designed for utilizing both liquefied and gaseous by-products (torgas, pyrolysis gas and condensate denoted as TPC) obtained from torrefaction and pyrolysis of waste biomass. TPC is considered to be applied as an additional fuel for a metallurgical furnace as an example of effective energy management in metallurgical industry. In detail, the technology contains waste heat recovery unit installed on the furnace smoke stack as the heat source for the pyrolysis/torrefaction reactor. The analysis was carried out for a pusher furnace, fed optionally with either natural gas or coke gas. Share of this gaseous/liquid TPC fuel from waste in the total fuel mixture fed to the furnace was varied from 5 to 15% by volume. Practical usefulness of TPC fuel was tested on a specially constructed test stand. Financial analysis in energy consumption and economy of using the obtained TPC fuel for co-combustion with coke gas in the metallurgical pusher furnace was carried out on the basis of data from a steel sheet roller combined with the pusher furnace located in one of large steel works. It was shown that the use of this TPC fuel derived from thermal treatment of waste biomass and other organic substances can be considered an effective method of reducing production costs in the analyzed steel company and can lead to increase in the attractiveness of their products and thus strengthen their competitiveness on the global market. Graphic abstract
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