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Journal articles on the topic 'Metals bioremediation'
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Volaric, Ana, Zorica Svircev, Dragana Tamindzija, and Dragan Radnovic. "Microbial bioremediation of heavy metals." Chemical Industry 75, no. 2 (2021): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind200915010v.
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Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, due to metal ions persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity. There are many conventional physical and chemical techniques traditionally used for environmental clean-up. Due to several drawbacks regarding these methods, the use of living organisms, or bioremediation, is becoming more prevalent. Biotechnological application of microorganisms is already successfully implemented and is in constant development, with many microbial strains successfully removing heavy metals. This paper provides an overview of the main heavy metal characteristics and describes the interactions with microorganisms. Key heavy metal resistance mechanisms in microorganisms are described, as well as the main principles and types of heavy metal bioremediation methods, with details on successful pilot scale bioreactor studies. Special attention should be given to indigenous bacteria isolated from the polluted environments since such species are already adapted to contamination and possess resistance mechanisms. Utilization of bacterial biofilms or consortia could be advantageous due to higher resistance and a combination of several metabolic pathways, and thus, the possibility to remove several heavy metals simultaneously. Novel technologies covered in this review, such as nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and metagenomics, are being introduced to the field of bioremediation in order to improve the process. To conclude, bioremediation is a potentially powerful solution for cleaning the environment.
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Zooalnoon, Mohamed Osman, and Adam Musa. "Evaluation of produced water quality by using water quality indices in Heglig area, Sudan." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 68, no. 7 (June 17, 2019): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.088.
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Abstract The rate of produced water production of oilfields increases as oilfields age. This study aims to evaluate water quality of produced water from oilfields in the Heglig area using various water quality evaluation indices and study the significance of evaporation for cumulative pollutants after bioremediation in Heglig oilfield. Produced water samples were collected and analyzed for three locations in Heglig and Neem oilfields in order to determine the physicochemical, radioactivity, and heavy metal variables. The data obtained were used to determine the heavy metal pollution index, heavy metal evaluation index, weighted arithmetic water quality index, and Canadian water quality index (CCME WQI). The study revealed very poor water quality and high heavy metals at Neem oilfield. In addition, produced water quality at Heglig oilfield before the bioremediation was very poor and after the bioremediation was found to be poor, also the heavy metals were low before the bioremediation and medium after the bioremediation. Low levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) oil in water, and total suspended solids (TSS) are mainly responsible for improvement of water quality after the bioremediation. Variation in the heavy metals before and after the bioremediation was a result of cumulative effect in the evaporation ponds.
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Diels, L., M. De Smet, L. Hooyberghs, and P. Corbisier. "Heavy Metals Bioremediation of Soil." Molecular Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (1999): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/mb:12:2:149.
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Diels, L., M. Smet, L. Hooyberghs, and P. Corbisier. "Heavy Metals Bioremediation of Soil." Molecular Biotechnology 13, no. 2 (December 1999): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-999-0009-4.
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Tayang, Amanso, and L. S. Songachan. "Microbial Bioremediation of Heavy Metals." Current Science 120, no. 6 (March 25, 2021): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v120/i6/1013-1025.
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Gadd, Geoffrey Michael. "Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation." Microbiology 156, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 609–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.037143-0.
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Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations, decomposition, bioweathering, and soil and sediment formation. All kinds of microbes, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their symbiotic associations with each other and ‘higher organisms’, can contribute actively to geological phenomena, and central to many such geomicrobial processes are transformations of metals and minerals. Microbes have a variety of properties that can effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Such mechanisms are important components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals as well as associated elements in biomass, soil, rocks and minerals, e.g. sulfur and phosphorus, and metalloids, actinides and metal radionuclides. Apart from being important in natural biosphere processes, metal and mineral transformations can have beneficial or detrimental consequences in a human context. Bioremediation is the application of biological systems to the clean-up of organic and inorganic pollution, with bacteria and fungi being the most important organisms for reclamation, immobilization or detoxification of metallic and radionuclide pollutants. Some biominerals or metallic elements deposited by microbes have catalytic and other properties in nanoparticle, crystalline or colloidal forms, and these are relevant to the development of novel biomaterials for technological and antimicrobial purposes. On the negative side, metal and mineral transformations by microbes may result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), acid mine drainage and associated metal pollution, biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment, all with immense social and economic consequences. The ubiquity and importance of microbes in biosphere processes make geomicrobiology one of the most important concepts within microbiology, and one requiring an interdisciplinary approach to define environmental and applied significance and underpin exploitation in biotechnology.
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Kapahi, Meena, and Sarita Sachdeva. "Bioremediation Options for Heavy Metal Pollution." Journal of Health and Pollution 9, no. 24 (December 2019): 191203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.24.191203.
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Background. Rapid industrialization and anthropogenic activities such as the unmanaged use of agro-chemicals, fossil fuel burning and dumping of sewage sludge have caused soils and waterways to be severely contaminated with heavy metals. Heavy metals are non-biodegradable and persist in the environment. Hence, remediation is required to avoid heavy metal leaching or mobilization into environmental segments and to facilitate their extraction. Objectives. The present work briefly outlines the environmental occurrence of heavy metals and strategies for using microorganisms for bioremediation processes as reported in the scientific literature. Methods. Databases were searched from different libraries, including Google Scholar, Medline and Scopus. Observations across studies were then compared with the standards for discharge of environmental pollutants. Discussion. Bioremediation employs microorganisms for removing heavy metals. Microorganisms have adopted different mechanisms for bioremediation. These mechanisms are unique in their specific requirements, advantages, and disadvantages, the success of which depends chiefly upon the kind of organisms and the contaminants involved in the process. Conclusions. Heavy metal pollution creates environmental stress for human beings, plants, animals and other organisms. A complete understanding of the process and various alternatives for remediation at different steps is needed to ensure effective and economic processes. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Karman, Salmah B., S. Zaleha M. Diah, and Ille C. Gebeshuber. "Raw Materials Synthesis from Heavy Metal Industry Effluents with Bioremediation and Phytomining: A Biomimetic Resource Management Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/185071.
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Heavy metal wastewater poses a threat to human life and causes significant environmental problems. Bioremediation provides a sustainable waste management technique that uses organisms to remove heavy metals from contaminated water through a variety of different processes. Biosorption involves the use of biomass, such as plant extracts and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, yeast), and represents a low-cost and environmentally friendly method of bioremediation and resource management. Biosorption-based biosynthesis is proposed as a means of removing heavy metals from wastewaters and soils as it aids the development of heavy metal nanoparticles that may have an application within the technology industry. Phytomining provides a further green method of managing the metal content of wastewater. These approaches represent a viable means of removing toxic chemicals from the effluent produced during the process of manufacturing, and the bioremediation process, furthermore, has the potential to save metal resources from depletion. Biomimetic resource management comprises bioremediation, biosorption, biosynthesis, phytomining, and further methods that provide innovative ways of interpreting waste and pollutants as raw materials for research and industry, inspired by materials, structures, and processes in living nature.
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Sety0 Budi, Mochamad Rendy, Boedi Setya Rahardja, and Endang Dewi Masithah. "POTENSI PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (CU) DAN PERTUMBUHAN MIKROALGA SPIRULINA PLANTESIS PADA MEDIA KULTUR." Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jari.v6i1.7152.
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ABSTRACT Water is an important environmental component for life. Heavy metal water pollution comes from many industries. Heavy Metals Copper (Cu) is one of several other heavy metals that are harmful to living things. One way to anticipate the increased pollution of heavy metals Copper (Cu) in waters is bioremediation using microalgae. This study aims to determine the ability of Spirulina plantesis in absorbing heavy metals Copper (Cu) and to determine the influence of heavy metal Copper (Cu) on the growth of Spirulina platensis. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of four treatments and five replicates, namely A (S. platensis 0 ppm), B (S. platensis 1 ppm), C (S. platensis 3 ppm), D (S. Platensis 5 ppm). The results showed that Spirulina platensis was able to absorb heavy metal of Copper (Cu) so that it can be used as a heavy metal bioremediation agent. On treatment B (1 ppm) absorption of 87,719%, C (3 ppm) equal to 97,886% and D (5ppm) equal to 95,872 % Growth with the addition of Cu affects Spirulina platensis growthKeywords: Bioremediation, Spirulina platensis, Copper, Growth
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Tri Nadya Olyvia Kerin Hardianie, Endang Dewi Masithah, Boedi Setya Rahardja,. "Studi Perbandingan Kemampuan Nannochloropsis sp. Dan Spirulina sp. Sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) [Comparative Study Of Ability Nannochloropsis sp. And Spirulina sp. As Agent Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 5, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v5i2.11404.
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Abstract Sea water is a component that interacts with the terrestrial environment, where the discharge of waste empties into the sea to the mainland. One of the most dangerous pollutants for human health is the heavy metal plumbum (Pb). Bioremediation offers a promising alternative method and the potential to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in water. Bioremediation is the application of biological processes to recover a contaminated place by using microorganisms. Biomass of algae Nannochloropsis sp. can be used as bioremediation of heavy metals because it has the ability adsorption caused the active cluster contained therein. In addition, Spirulina sp. thought to have the ability as an agent of bioremediation of heavy metal plumbum (Pb) because the proteins and polysaccharides are high. Information about uptake ability of heavy metal of plumbum (Pb) by Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp., in order to know how it compares to the ability of Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. in absorbing the content of heavy metal plumbum (Pb). The method used in this study is the experimental method, the test T of SPSS analysis as the experimental design. Treatment given in the form of differences in the concentration of plumbum, which include, treatment A (Nannochloropsis sp. without the addition of plumbum), treatment B (Nannochloropsis sp. 0.9 ppm with plumbum concentrations), treatment C (Spirulina sp. without the addition of plumbum) and treatment D (Spirulina sp. with plumbum concentrations 0.9 ppm) of each treatment was repeated 5 times. The main parameters measured were real heavy metal plumbum (Pb) in water culture media Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulinna sp. The results showed that Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. able to absorb the heavy metals plumbum (Pb) so that it can be used as a bioremediation agent, where Spirulina sp. have higher ability in absorbing heavy metals plumbum (Pb) compared with Nannochloropsis sp
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J, Jayabarath, Shyam Sundar S, Arulmurugan R, and Giridhar R. "Bioremediation of heavy metals using biosurfactants." International Journal of Biotechnology Applications 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2009): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-2943.1.2.50-54.
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Summers, Anne O. "The hard stuff: Metals in bioremediation." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (June 1992): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(92)90103-p.
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Ansilago, Mônica, Franciéli Ottonelli, and Emerson Machado de Carvalho. "Metals bioremediation potential using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 56, no. 2 (2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478834.
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Microalgae are unicellular organisms, photosynthesizers that present cell duplication exponentially and biosorption capacity of nutrients dissolved in water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for bioremediation of metals and salts. In this aspect, the reduction of the metals and salts in the synthetic effluents by the microalga P. subcapitata was evaluated: (T1) culture medium (control); (T2) culture medium contaminated with aluminum chloride; (T3) culture medium contaminated with ferrous sulfate; (T4) culture medium contaminated with zinc sulfate; (T5) culture medium contaminated with the combination of aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. The bioremediation process was evaluated by comparing culture media with suspended microalgae to a filtrate version of the same medium. Iron and zinc metals, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus salts, showed depleted values in the filtered medium, indicating efficiency in the treatment of water by microalgae. Aluminum content was below the limit of detection in all treatments. The cumulative values in the microalgae biomass were, in descending order: nitrogen, zinc, iron and phosphorus, thus indicating the assimilation of the contaminants in the algal biomass. In addition, high biomass production of the microalgae was observed. The highest production rate was verified in the synthetic effluent with the association of metals, indicating a synergy between contaminants, which was probably responsible for reducing the toxic effect on the microalgae. These results indicated high potential for bioremediation by microalga P. subcapitata, besides the possibility of using algal biomass for biotechnological applications.
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Kuyukina, Maria, Anastasiya Krivoruchko, and Irina Ivshina. "Hydrocarbon- and metal-polluted soil bioremediation: progress and challenges." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18041.
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The problem of soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals is becoming particularly acute for large oil-producing countries, like the Russian Federation. Both hydrocarbon and metal contaminants impact negatively the soil biota and human health, thus requiring efficient methods for their detoxification and elimination. Bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with hydrocarbon and metal pollutants is complicated by the fact that, although the two components must be treated differently, they mutually affect the overall removal efficiency. Heavy metals are reported to inhibit biodegradation of hydrocarbons by interfering with microbial enzymes directly involved in biodegradation or through the interaction with enzymes involved in general metabolism. Here we discuss recent progress and challenges in bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals, focusing on selecting metal-resistant biodegrading strains and biosurfactant amendments.
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Sarkar, Mouli, Sonali Paul, and Susmita Mukherjee. "Heavy Metals in Health Issues and Microbes in Remediation: A Review." American Journal of Applied Bio-Technology Research 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ajabtr.223.
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Abstract:Industrializations are the major source of environmental pollution. The waste discharge from several industries can create an immense impact on water bodies which can disrupt the balance of several parameters of it. Too much accumulation of heavy metals through waste water can hamper human health as well as food chain. Thus several diseases take place in daily life because of accumulation of several heavy metals. These can accelerate generation of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is the ultimatum of age related disease like Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease etc. This accumulation is not only limited to ROS production it has the ability to hamper immune system abruptly. To get rid of these bioremediation can be an alternative and efficient way. With the help of several micro-organismsit can dispose these heavy metals. This review focuses on several heavy metal related diseases as well as bioremediation processes by microorganisms. It includes the list of algae and fungi which is participating in bioremediation and which kind of metals they are able to remove.
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Chibuike, G. U., and S. C. Obiora. "Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/752708.
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Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried outin situ; hence it is suitable for the establishment/reestablishment of crops on treated soils. Microorganisms and plants employ different mechanisms for the bioremediation of polluted soils. Using plants for the treatment of polluted soils is a more common approach in the bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Combining both microorganisms and plants is an approach to bioremediation that ensures a more efficient clean-up of heavy metal polluted soils. However, success of this approach largely depends on the species of organisms involved in the process.
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Obukohwo, K., P. A. Vantsawa, D. M. Dibal, U. J. J. Ijah, G. B. Onwumere, and T. O. Ndibe. "Screening of Fungi Isolates from Kaduna Refinery Effluent and Romi River and Their Potential for Bioremediation." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 9 (October 19, 2020): 1655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i9.25.
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The operation of Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) has increased effluent generation with consequent effects on water quality and habitat since it is discharged into nearby receiving water body. These effluents contain heavy metals and other toxicants. Samples were collected from the effluent discharge point of the Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) and from Romi River located at Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna state. Standard methods were used to analyze the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of the effluents. A total of 14 fungi isolates were identified from the samples. These fungi isolates were screened for their bioremediation potential on some toxic components in refinery effluent and were identified using molecular techniques. Four fungi isolates (Chrysosporium tropicum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae) were selected for bioremediation. Carbon (IV) oxide evolution increased progressively during the period of bioremediation. There was a noticeable decline in the phenol, lead, cadmium and nickel in the entire bioremediation medium. There was a positive correlation between phenol and cadmium with a coefficient of 0.969. Consortia of fungi isolated from the refinery effluent and Romi River samples were effective in the bioremediation of refinery effluent. The mixed consortium of four fungi showed the most efficacies in the bioremediation of refinery effluent in terms of phenol, oil and grease, cadmium, lead and cadmium reduction. Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Corporation (KRPC) should adopt bioremediation as one of the techniques in treating effluents before being discharged into receiving water bodies
Keywords: Effluents, Fungi, heavy metal, bioremediation.
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Verma, Samakshi, and Arindam Kuila. "Bioremediation of heavy metals by microbial process." Environmental Technology & Innovation 14 (May 2019): 100369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100369.
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Vyas, Charu, and Ashwini A. Waoo. "Prognostication of Bioremediation Requisite Around Industrially Contaminated Environment: A Review." Current Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550109666200305092457.
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Background: Noxious effects of heavy metal pollution on environment have created an alarming situation for human life and aquatic biota and a consequent want for focus on an effort for remediation, because of its high persistence, non-degradable nature, high toxicity and bioaccumulation tendency. Further, heavy metals cannot be converted into non-toxic forms and can only be transformed into less toxic species. Cement dust includes heavy metals like nickel, cobalt, lead, chromium and many other pollutants unsafe to the biotic surroundings, with unfavorable effects on plants, human and animal fitness and ecosystems. Objective: In the present work, research objectives were to study heavy metal pollution, with a view to establish the contamination status of soil, from cement dust contaminated soils/sediments from various locations around different cement industrial zones in Satna region. The main purpose of this research was to emphasize on the efforts and requisites towards microbial consortium-enhanced bioremediation of heavy metals by bacteria and then study microbial diversity profile through shotgun metagenomics approach. Methods: For this, the isolation of heavy metal tolerant bacterial strains, biostimulation of native strains of microorganisms (bacterial strains) for heavy metal degradation and evaluation of bioaugmented mediated microbial consortium-enhanced bioremediation potential of selected bacterial strains as individual isolates and/or their consortium at the laboratory scale level and then at a large scale were carried out. Result: Through these efforts, in the future, novel efficient tolerant species and their consortium could be explored which could have great bioremediation potential for the uptake of heavy metals from cement dust contaminated soil/sediments, near areas of cement and other industries in Satna region. This review article confirms the prognostication of bioremediation in Satna region. Conclusion: This small vision and efforts of bioremediation could prove to be a small beneficial step and lead to an overall improvement of the socio-economic condition of the locality of Satna and the nearby region. This could be very beneficial for residential people by creating a healthy environment. Soil metagenomics initiatives might be a useful resource to the scientific community and will provide a much greater understanding of microbial diversity and functions in the soil.
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S, Gowthami, Thirumarimurugan M, and Sivakumar V. M. "DIMINUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE BY AN AMALGAMATION OF MYCO AND VERMI REMEDIATION." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 11 (March 29, 2017): 6018–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i11.5770.
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Due to the development of Industrialization and urbanization, a wide variety of industrial and consumer products, by products and solid waste has been produced. The solid waste generated constitutes the hazardous substance which possesses certain impacts on humans and their environment. In that heavy metal pollution from industries are the serious environmental problems. Rapid development in industries in the last few decades resulted in the strenuous task for finding to manage the waste generated. These hazardous solid wastes have been formulated into reusable end product by the process of bioremediation. Bioremediation is a natural process, which involves the use of organism to remove or neutralize the toxic pollutant from the contamination site. This review focus on the toxic effects of heavy metals on the environment and on the human health as well as the possible bioremediation method of these metals using fungus and earthworm. In order to conserve the environment and resources, the biological remediation by both fungus and earthworm for heavy metals and their efficiency have been summarised in detail.
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Male, Yusthinus T., Cecillia Anna Seumahu, and Dominggus Malle. "Bioremediation of Pb and Cd Metal from Inner Ambon Bay Sediment Which Contaminated With Heavy Metal Using Aspergillus niger." Indo. J. Chem. Res. 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2020.7-yus.
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Bioremediation is a method that use microorganism to extract heavy metal from contaminated waste. In this research Aspergillus niger was used to extract heavy metal such as Pb and Cd of marine sediment from Waiheru shore, Inner part of Ambon Bay, which was detected as significantly high heavy metal contaminated site among seven sites. Bioremediation were done using Aspergillus nigers to extract Pb and Cd metal from sediment, then their solubility being measured in filtrate media. Result shows that Cd metal were only detected 15 days after incubation while Pb were detected since the first day incubation. This result also showing the fluctuating solubility of Pb metal. It is suspected that this occurs due to biosorption ability of the fungi that being used which triggers metal accumulation in the cell structure. It is therefore can be concluded that Aspergillus niger can be used in bioremediation of sediment that are being contaminated by Pb and Cd heavy metals.
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Sun, Li Mei, Jiang Wu, and Shuai Qi Meng. "Soil Washing and Bioremediation of Tailing Dam Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2405.
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The paper presents that soil washing and bioremediation technologies were employed to treat the contaminated soil. Various works were conduced in parallel with each other and th results of the laboratouy studies were used to determine critical parameters. Four lixiviants, i.e. sulphuric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid and ethylene diamine acetic acid were tests at three concentration levels respectively. The tests showed that the leaching of the heavy metals increases as the soil porosity increases. Silica sand was added to increase porosity of the contaminated soil. Hightest Mn removal was achieved mainly by sulphuric and oxalic acid at 0.001M at all soil samples. EDTA was significantly efficient in the removal of Ni and Zn. The recovery of heavy metals, particalarly Mn, decreased as the depth of samping increased. Heterogeneous bacteria and filamentous organism plate counts were conduced to evaluate the growth of the bacteria and filamentous organisms in the soil. The results from this study suggest that the leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated soil is to a large extent dependant on the pH of the leaching solution. By increasing the soil’s porosity and bioremediating the soil, higher extractions of metals were achieved.
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Mao, Xin Yu, Xiao Hou Shao, Jiang Qiang Mao, Chao Yin, Long Wang, Hao Bo Sun, Zhong Lin Tang, and Ting Ting Chang. "Environment Research with Progress of Bioremediations for Aquaculture Effluent." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.264.
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Aquatic environment influences the quantity and quality of aquatic livings directly. In China, aquatic environment has been contaminated seriously as the rapid development of aquaculture industry. Bioremediation, mainly including efficient microbial agent method, immobilized microbe method, aquatic plant method, aquatic animal method and constructed wetlands method, can absorb and assimilate the organic and inorganic pollutants even toxic heavy metals in effluent, degrade them to innocuous substances through metabolism of microorganisms, aquatic plants or aquatic animals. Researches and demonstration showed that bioremediation could effectively decrease NH+4-N, NO−X-N, COD, SS generated by excess bait, fish manure, biological excrements and sediments, increase aquatic transparency, DO and stable pH value in aquaculture water. In future, theoretical researches should be enhanced on improvements of individual as well as integrated bioremediations which will contribute to sustainable development of aquaculture.
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Corral-Bobadilla, Marina, Ana González-Marcos, Eliseo Vergara-González, and Fernando Alba-Elías. "Bioremediation of Waste Water to Remove Heavy Metals Using the Spent Mushroom Substrate of Agaricus bisporus." Water 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030454.
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The presence of heavy metals in waste water brings serious environmental pollution that threatens human health and the ecosystem. Bioremediation of heavy metals has received considerable and growing interest over the years. Thus, this paper presents the use of the Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) of Agaricus bisporus cultivation as a bioremediating agent to remove heavy metals that are present in industrial waters. These metals include chromium, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc, copper and aluminium. In particular, this study analyses the performance of SMS bioreactors with different groups of heavy metals at various concentrations. Between 80% and 98% of all contaminants that were analysed can be removed with 5 kg of SMS at hydraulic retention times of 10 and 100 days. The best removal efficiencies and longevities were achieved when removing iron (III), nickel and cobalt from contaminated water at a pH of 2.5. These results suggest that SMS can successfully treat waste water that has been contaminated with heavy metals.
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Endang Dewi Masithah, Khilyatun Nisak, Boedi Setya Rahardja,. "Studi Perbandingan Kemampuan Nannochloropsis sp. Dan Spirulina sp. Sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) [Comparative Study Of Ability Nannochloropsis sp. And Spirulina sp. As Agent Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 5, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v5i2.11405.
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Abstract Microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. can used as heavy metal biosorben because of it’s adsorption capability that caused by the active cluster which contained in that species (Sembiring et al., 2008). Chlorella sp. is one of phytoplankton species that has the bioaccumulation ability of heavy metals and easily cultivated (Arifin, 1997). Lead (Pb) is a mineral belonging to microelements, is a heavy metal and is a potentially toxic material. Water bodies that have been polluted by compounds or ions Pb because can lead to the death of aquatic biota, the number of Lead (Pb) present in water bodies exceeding the proper concentration (Palar, 2004). One way to anticipate the increasing heavy metal pollution in the water is to bioremediation. The research using experimentally, the research design used was completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with five replications. The concentrations of heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) used is 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm. The main parameters in this study is the ability of bioremediation Plumbum (Pb) by Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. SPSS analytics normality test results and test the ability of T 95% in Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. in absorbing heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) concentrations of 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm indicate that the data is normal and the results obtained were significantly different / significant. While the analysis of SPSS test T on heavy metal absorption capability comparison Plumbum (Pb) concentration of 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm by Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. showed that the results were not significantly different / non significant. On average results obtained, Nannochloropsis sp. have a higher capacity than Chlorella sp. in the bioremediation process of heavy metals Plumbum (Pb).
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Ahmed, Sangita, Md Rafiqul Islam, Jannatul Ferdousi, and Tabassum Samia Iqbal. "Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. with bioremediation potential of toxic heavy metals." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i1.39605.
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Pollution of the environment and food with toxic heavy metals is being intensified in Bangladesh with industrial development. Consumption of foods and water contaminated with heavy metals imposes threat to human health. Aiming to find a solution to this problem, the present study focuses on probiotic Lactobacillus spp. with potential to remove heavy metals from environment as well as human body. A total of three Lactobacillus spp were isolated from curd samples and were identified based on their morphological and biochemical properties. These isolates were tolerant to low pH and bile salt which aids in their application in human gut. All isolates could tolerate 600 ppm chromium, 400 ppm lead, 400 ppm copper and 400 ppm zinc. The heavy metal tolerant Lactobacillus spp were also multi drug resistant and showed 100% resistance to Azithromycin, Cloxacillin, Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Penicillin, while 100% sensitivity was observed to Imipenem.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 1 June 2017, pp 43-46
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Moghavi, Javaneh. "BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS FROM ENVIRONMENT BY BACTERIA." International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES) 10, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31407/ijees10.215.
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Beolchini, F., S. Ubaldini, B. Passariello, N. Gül, D. Türe, Francesco Vegliò, R. Danovaro, and A. Dell'Anno. "Bioremediation of Dredged Sediments Polluted by Heavy Metals." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.307.
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The present work deals with a bioremediation study of a heavy-metal polluted harbour sediment, obtained from the Italian Adriatic Coast. Bioleaching of the sediment sample was performed with a mixed culture of acidophilic, chemi-autotrophic Fe/S oxidising bacteria. The effect of an anaerobic biostimulation pre-treatment on the extent of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg, As, Cr extraction by bioleaching was evaluated. The biostimulation pre-treatment was intended to stimulate autochthonous sulfate reducing strains, to enhance the sulfide fraction in the sediment, to favour subsequent activity of reduced-sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the subsequent bioaugmentation (bioleaching). The effect of the duration of anaerobic pre-treatment (21 and 30 days) in the presence and absence of 1% glucose was tested. The results obtained showed that the activity of the reducedsulfur- oxidising strains was significantly enhanced after an anaerobic pre-treatment of the sediments and showed real promise for the application of bioleaching for metal polluted sediments.
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Xu, Zhaohui, Yu Lei, and Jigar Patel. "Bioremediation of soluble heavy metals with recombinantCaulobacter crescentus." Bioengineered Bugs 1, no. 3 (May 2010): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/bbug.1.3.11246.
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Umrania, Valentina V. "Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals using acidothermophilic autotrophes." Bioresource Technology 97, no. 10 (July 2006): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.048.
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Kang, Chang-Ho, Yoon-Jung Kwon, and Jae-Seong So. "Bioremediation of heavy metals by using bacterial mixtures." Ecological Engineering 89 (April 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.023.
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Ahmad, Imran, Norhayati Abdullah, I. Koji, A. Yuzir, and S. E. Mohamad. "Potential of Microalgae in Bioremediation of Wastewater." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10616.413-429.
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The increase in global pollution, industrialization and fast economic progress are considered to inflict serious consequences to the quality and availability of water throughout the world. Wastewater is generated from three major sources, i.e. industrial, agricultural, and municipal which contain pollutants, such as: xenobiotics, microplastics, heavy metals and augmented by high amount of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen compounds. Wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues since it cannot be achieved by any specific technology because of the varying nature and concentrations of pollutants and efficiency of the treatment technologies. The degradation capacity of these conventional treatment technologies is limited, especially regarding heavy metals, nutrients, and xenobiotics, steering the researchers to bioremediation using microalgae (Phycoremediation). Bioremediation can be defined as use of microalgae for removal or biotransformation of pollutants and CO2 from wastewater with concomitant biomass production. However, the usage of wastewaters for the bulk cultivation of microalgae is advantageous for reducing carbon, nutrients cost, minimizing the consumption of freshwater, nitrogen, phosphorus recovery, and removal of other pollutants from wastewater and producing sufficient biomass for value addition for either biofuels or other value-added compounds. Several types of microalgae like Chlorella and Dunaliella have proved their applicability in the treatment of wastewaters. The bottlenecks concerning the microalgal wastewater bioremediation need to be identified and elucidated to proceed in bioremediation using microalgae. This objective of this paper is to provide an insight about the treatment of different wastewaters using microalgae and microalgal potential in the treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, with the specialized cultivation systems. This review also summarizes the end use applications of microalgal biomass which makes the bioremediation aspect more environmentally sustainable. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Vashishth, Amit, Nimisha Tehri, and Pawan Kumar. "The potential of naturally occurring bacteria for the bioremediation of toxic metals pollution." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061205.
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An increase in industrialization and various kind of human activities added a huge amount of toxic heavy metals in the soil. As a result, toxic heavy metals in the environment may be adversely affects human being and aquatic ecosystem. Thus, it is very essential to understand mechanism of bioremediation through eco-friendly agent i.e. bacteria. Accumulation of high metal concentrations in soil above threshold limit causes lethal to bacterial communities in the environment. Few bacteria develop resistance mechanism to tolerate these toxic heavy metals and contain various methods to respond the metal stress. The present review emphasizes to understand the mechanism of bacterial resistance against toxic metals. Moreover, mechanism of bioaugmentation, biosorption, and bioaccumulation methods also described clearly.
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Al-Musharafi, Salma K. "Heavy Metals in Sewage Treated Effluents: Pollution and Microbial Bioremediation from Arid Regions." Open Biotechnology Journal 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701610010352.
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Not all heavy metals are toxic. Some at lower concentrations are essential to the physiological status of the organism. Under certain conditions, induced toxicity occurs when the heavy metals are in the form of cations which tends to bind to certain biomolecules, thus becoming toxic to organisms. In many industries, toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, are released mainly in sewage effluents causing major environmental pollution. Several of the heavy metal contaminations resulted from industrial wastes, along with the mining and burning of fossil fuels, leading to water and soil contamination which causes serious health problems. Rapid population growth plus a steady increase in agriculture and industry are the main cause of environmental pollution. The most common sources of heavy metals are fuel combustion, mining, metallurgical industries, corrosion and waste disposal which infiltrates the soil and underground water. When present at certain levels in the human, metals can cause certain diseases. Most of conventional technologies are inefficient to remove heavy metal contaminants. Microbial bioremediation is a potential method for the removal of heavy metal pollution in sewage effluents before being discharged into the environment. However, further research is needed for isolation and identification of microbes resistant to heavy metals. Industrial regulatory standards must be established to regulate the spread of non-essential metals in the environment. The regulations must be rigidly enforced. The rest of the essential metals must also be regulated since an increase over the physiological limit can also be harmful.
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Li, Qianwei, Jicheng Liu, and Geoffrey Michael Gadd. "Fungal bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 21 (September 17, 2020): 8999–9008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10854-y.
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Abstract Much research has been carried out on the bacterial bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals but much less is known about the potential of fungi in sites that are co-contaminated with both classes of pollutants. This article documents the roles of fungi in soil polluted with both petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals as well as the mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of such substances. Soil characteristics (e.g., structural components, pH, and temperature) and intracellular or excreted extracellular enzymes and metabolites are crucial factors which affect the efficiency of combined pollutant transformations. At present, bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals is mostly focused on the removal, detoxification, or degradation efficiency of single or composite pollutants of each type. Little research has been carried out on the metabolism of fungi in response to complex pollutant stress. To overcome current bottlenecks in understanding fungal bioremediation, the potential of new approaches, e.g., gradient diffusion film technology (DGT) and metabolomics, is also discussed. Key points • Fungi play important roles in soil co-contaminated with TPH and toxic metals. • Soil characteristics, enzymes, and metabolites are major factors in bioremediation. • DGT and metabolomics can be applied to overcome current bottlenecks.
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George, Fanny, Séverine Mahieux, Catherine Daniel, Marie Titécat, Nicolas Beauval, Isabelle Houcke, Christel Neut, et al. "Assessment of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Al(III) Removal Capacity of Bacteria from Food and Gut Ecological Niches: Insights into Biodiversity to Limit Intestinal Biodisponibility of Toxic Metals." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020456.
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Toxic metals (such as lead, cadmium, and, to a lesser extent, aluminum) are detrimental to health when ingested in food or water or when inhaled. By interacting with heavy metals, gut and food-derived microbes can actively and/or passively modulate (by adsorption and/or sequestration) the bioavailability of these toxins inside the gut. This “intestinal bioremediation” involves the selection of safe microbes specifically able to immobilize metals. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the in vitro ability of 225 bacteria to remove the potentially harmful trace elements lead, cadmium, and aluminum. Interspecies and intraspecies comparisons were performed among the Firmicutes (mostly lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus spp., with some Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Carnobacterium representatives), Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The removal of a mixture of lead and cadmium was also investigated. Although the objective of the study was not to elucidate the mechanisms of heavy metal removal for each strain and each metal, we nevertheless identified promising candidate bacteria as probiotics for the intestinal bioremediation of Pb(II) and Cd(II).
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Taran, Mojtaba, Sajjad Sisakhtnezhad, and Tahereh Azin. "Biological removal of nickel (II) by Bacillus sp. KL1 in different conditions: optimization by Taguchi statistical approach." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0046.
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Abstract Bioremediation is the removal of heavy-metals such as nickel (Ni) using microorganisms and has been considered as an important field in the biotechnology. Isolation and characterization of microorganisms exhibiting bioremediation activities and their optimization to treat polluted wastewaters is a vital and difficult task in remediation technologies. In this study, investigation was carried out to isolate Ni (II) remediating microbial strains from soils contaminated with municipal solid waste leachate. Furthermore, Taguchi design of experiments were used to evaluate the influence of concentration, pH, temperature, and time on bioremediation of Ni (II) using isolated bacteria. This study concluded that Bacillus sp. KL1 is a Ni (II)-resistant strain and had Ni (II) bioremediation activity. The highest bioremediation of Ni (II) was observed as 55.06% after 24 h at 30ºC, pH 7, and 100 ppm concentration. Moreover, it was also observed that concentration is the most effective factor in the bioremediation process. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with garbage leachate have the Bacillus sp. KL1 bacteria which can efficiently uptake and eliminate Ni (II) from contaminated sites and thus makes it possible to treat heavy-metal containing wastewaters in industry by using this microorganism at optimized conditions.
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Hau, Heidi H., Alan Gilbert, Dan Coursolle, and Jeffrey A. Gralnick. "Mechanism and Consequences of Anaerobic Respiration of Cobalt by Shewanella oneidensis Strain MR-1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 22 (October 3, 2008): 6880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00840-08.
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ABSTRACT Bacteria from the genus Shewanella are the most diverse respiratory organisms studied to date and can utilize a variety of metals and metal(loid)s as terminal electron acceptors. These bacteria can potentially be used in bioremediation applications since the redox state of metals often influences both solubility and toxicity. Understanding molecular mechanisms by which metal transformations occur and the consequences of by-products that may be toxic to the organism and thus inhibitory to the overall process is significant to future applications for bioremediation. Here, we examine the ability of Shewanella oneidensis to catalyze the reduction of chelated cobalt. We describe an unexpected ramification of [Co(III)-EDTA]− reduction by S. oneidensis: the formation of a toxic by-product. We found that [Co(II)-EDTA]2−, the product of [Co(III)-EDTA]− respiration, inhibited the growth of S. oneidensis strain MR-1 and that this toxicity was partially abolished by the addition of MgSO4. We demonstrate that [Co(III)-EDTA]− reduction by S. oneidensis requires the Mtr extracellular respiratory pathway and associated pathways required to develop functional Mtr enzymes (the c-type cytochrome maturation pathway) and ensure proper localization (type II secretion). The Mtr pathway is known to be required for a variety of substrates, including some chelated and insoluble metals and organic compounds. Understanding the full substrate range for the Mtr pathway is crucial for developing S. oneidensis strains as a tool for bioremediation.
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Bhutada, S. A., and S. B. Dahikar. "Evaluation of removal of heavy metals by microorganisms isolated from industrial effluents." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 3 (June 10, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i3.85.
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At present various microorganisms are used for bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and water bodies. The aim of present work was to isolate the potential heavy metal degrading organisms and to apply for bioremediation of heavy metals from the domestic as well as industrial waste. The study involves the isolation of the bacterial species residing the natural habitat of such environments and screening of these isolates to degrade different heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn up to the concentration 2000 ppm. There were six bacterial potential isolates found namely Pseudomonas spp., (3), Achromobacter spp., Uncultured Microbacterium spp., and Exigoubacterium spp., which showing the growth up to the concentration of 2000 ppm. The potency of the six potential isolates was determined by using the conventional plate count technique. The percentage removal of analyzed by the use of ICP-AES technique. The study shows isolation of the species which can remove heavy metal up to 60%. It was also found that the increase in the incubation time causes more reduction in the heavy metal concentration. The mutational analysis of the isolates for the strain improvement process shows that the Exigoubacterium species can grow at 3000 ppm heavy metal concentration and showed 60% reduction in heavy metal. This highly potential species can be used for the removal of different heavy metals which is also a viable, eco friendly and cost effective technology for cleanup of the environment.
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Igiri, Bernard E., Stanley I. R. Okoduwa, Grace O. Idoko, Ebere P. Akabuogu, Abraham O. Adeyi, and Ibe K. Ejiogu. "Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2568038.
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The discharge of untreated tannery wastewater containing biotoxic substances of heavy metals in the ecosystem is one of the most important environmental and health challenges in our society. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation of inorganic metals (Cr, Hg, Cd, and Pb) released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in microbes-base heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable and could be toxic to microbes. Several microorganisms have evolved to develop detoxification mechanisms to counter the toxic effects of these inorganic metals. This present review offers a critical evaluation of bioremediation capacity of microorganisms, especially in the context of environmental protection. Furthermore, this article discussed the biosorption capacity with respect to the use of bacteria, fungi, biofilm, algae, genetically engineered microbes, and immobilized microbial cell for the removal of heavy metals. The use of biofilm has showed synergetic effects with many fold increase in the removal of heavy metals as sustainable environmental technology in the near future.
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Hazen, Terry C., and Henry H. Tabak. "Developments in Bioremediation of Soils and Sediments Polluted with Metals and Radionuclides: 2. Field Research on Bioremediation of Metals and Radionuclides." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 4, no. 3 (August 2005): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-005-2170-y.
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Lubis, Syafrina Sari. "BIOREMEDIASI LOGAM BERAT OLEH FUNGI LAUT." AMINA 1, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/amina.v1i2.411.
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Heavy metals are compounds that have high toxicity and can cause serious health problems for humans and pose a serious threat to the sustainability of the ecosystem. Prokaryota microorganisms and eukaryotes have the ability to process bioremediation of heavy metals in the environment. Marine fungi as eukaryotic microbes that have high species diversity. The ability to live in marine fungi is influenced by environmental factors that differ from the terrestrial environment such as temperature, pressure, and salinity. Marine fungi have a characteristic structure of metabolites and their ability to bioremediate heavy metals in various processes, namely bioaccumulation, biomineralization, biosorption, and biotransformation. Bioremediation of heavy metals by marine fungi is related to the composition of cell wall structures that have many crosslinking polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, glucans), glucuronic acid, galactosamine, a small amount of glycoprotein, together with melanin and phenolic polymers containing phenolic units, peptides, fatty acids, which provides quite a lot of oxygen-containing groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl, amino, hydroxyl, phosphate, methoxy and mercapto which are potentially metal binding sites.
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Jablonovská, Katarína, and Iveta Štyriaková. "Application Possibility of Bentonite and Zeolite in Bioremediation." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.295.
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This paper investigates Zn2+ and Cu2+ adsorption capability of bentonite and zeolite taken from the non-raw metallic deposits of Slovakia. Viable biomass of an Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus megaterium enhanced the efficiency of Zn2+ and Cu2+ adsorption from model solution. Initial concentration of Cu and Zn in model solutions initially containing 32.3 mg.Cu.L-1and 42.9 mg Zn.L-1 after six hours sorption and desorption at 25°C, it was observed that 1g bentonite whit bacteria inokulum was found to remove 0.195 mg Zn2+ and 0.17 mg Cu2+ from the solution and 1g zeolite was found to remove 0.088 Zn2+ and 0.051 Cu2+. The ability for Zn and Cu sorption was bentonite > zeolite. The adsorption of metal ions on bentonite and zeolite depends on pH. Between pH 4 and 6, the main mechanism is by ion exchange. In order to prevent contamination of subsoil and groundwater by leachates containing heavy metals, bentonite and zeolite are widely used as cost-effective treatments barriers. For this reason it is important to study the adsorption of metals by these materials.
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Atkinson, B. W., F. Bux, and H. C. Kasan. "Bioremediation of metal-contaminated industrial effluents using waste sludges." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 9 (November 1, 1996): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0165.
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Metal contaminated industrial effluent, from a metal plating company, was exposed to waste activated sludge to optimise the biosorption process at laboratory scale. Metals assessed were Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Cr3+ and Cr6+, of which, Zn2+ was most prevalent. Biosorption rates of up to 96% were recorded for Zn2+ within the first 15 min., of the reaction, at initial concentrations of 110mg.1−1. Biomass displayed an average adsorptive capacity of 80% at metal concentrations of 50mg.1−1 and above. Both fully mixed and upflow column bioreactors were employed during experimentation, using wet and dried sludge. The findings of this study show that wet sludge, utilised as biosorbent in a fully mixed process, has superior potential for metal ion biosorption from an industrial effluent.
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Langley, S., and T. J. Beveridge. "Metal binding by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is influenced by growth of the cells as a biofilm." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 7 (August 1, 1999): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-051.
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The metal-binding properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms were investigated using four metals (Cu, Fe, Au, and La). All but one of the metals (i.e., Cu) were bound by the biofilms in amounts that were significantly greater than those bound by planktonically grown cells of the same strain. Lanthanum precipitation appeared to be limited to the base of the biofilms and was not promoted by a shift in lipopolysaccharide production by the cells.Key words: metal binding, biofilms, Gram-negative bacteria, bioremediation.
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Elnahas, Marwa O., Liyuan Hou, Judy D. Wall, and Erica L. W. Majumder. "Bioremediation Potential of Streptomyces sp. MOE6 for Toxic Metals and Oil." Polysaccharides 2, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2010004.
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Toxic metal contamination has serious effects on human health. Crude oil that may contain toxic metals and oil spills can further contaminate the environment and lead to increased exposure. This being the case, we chose to study the bio-production of inexpensive, environmentally safe materials for remediation. Streptomyces sp. MOE6 is a Gram-positive, filamentous bacterium from soil that produces an extracellular polysaccharide (MOE6-EPS). A one-factor-at-a-time experiments showed that the maximum production of MOE6-EPS was achieved at 35 °C, pH 6, after nine days of incubation with soluble starch and yeast extract as carbon sources and the latter as the nitrogen source. We demonstrated that MOE6-EPS has the capacity to remove toxic metals such as Co(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and U(VI) and from solution either by chelation and/or reduction. Additionally, the bacterium was found to produce siderophores, which contribute to the removal of metals, specifically Fe(III). Additionally, purified MOE6-EPS showed emulsifying activities against various hydrophobic substances, including olive oil, corn oil, benzene, toluene and engine oil. These results indicate that EPS from Streptomyces sp. MOE6 may be useful to sequester toxic metals and oil in contaminated environments.
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Vera-Bernal, Mónica, and Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa. "Insights on Cadmium Removal by Bioremediation: The Case of Haloarchaea." Microbiology Research 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 354–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12020024.
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Although heavy metals are naturally found in the environment as components of the earth’s crust, environmental pollution by these toxic elements has increased since the industrial revolution. Some of them can be considered essential, since they play regulatory roles in different biological processes; but the role of other heavy metals in living tissues is not clear, and once ingested they can accumulate in the organism for long periods of time causing adverse health effects. To mitigate this problem, different methods have been used to remove heavy metals from water and soil, such as chelation-based processes. However, techniques like bioremediation are leaving these conventional methodologies in the background for being more effective and eco-friendlier. Recently, different research lines have been promoted, in which several organisms have been used for bioremediation approaches. Within this context, the extremophilic microorganisms represent one of the best tools for the treatment of contaminated sites due to the biochemical and molecular properties they show. Furthermore, since it is estimated that 5% of industrial effluents are saline and hypersaline, halophilic microorganisms have been suggested as good candidates for bioremediation and treatment of this kind of samples. These microorganisms, and specifically the haloarchaea group, are of interest to design strategies aiming the removal of polluting compounds due to the efficiency of their metabolism under extreme conditions and their significant tolerance to highly toxic compounds such as heavy metals, bromate, nitrite, chlorate, or perchlorate ions. However, there are still few trials that have proven the bioremediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals using these microorganisms. This review analyses scientific literature focused on metabolic capabilities of haloarchaea that may allow these microbes to tolerate and eliminate heavy metals from the media, paying special attention to cadmium. Thus, this work will shed light on potential uses of haloarchaea in bioremediation of soils and waters negatively affected by heavy metals, and more specifically by cadmium.
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Kotrba, Pavel, and Tomáš Ruml. "Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution Exploiting Constituents, Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways of Livings. A Review." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 8 (2000): 1205–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001205.
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Removal of heavy metals from the soil and water or their remediation from the waste streams "at source" has been a long-term challenge. During the recent era of environmental protection, the use of microorganisms for the recovery of metals from waste streams as well as employment of plants for landfill applications has generated growing attention. Many studies have demonstrated that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the ability to remove metals from contaminated water or waste streams. They sequester metals from soils and sediments or solubilize them to aid their extraction. The proposed microbial processes for bioremediation of toxic metals and radionuclides from waste streams employ living cells and non-living biomass or biopolymers as biosorbents. Microbial biotransformation of metals or metalloids results in an alteration of their oxidation state or in their alkylation and subsequent precipitation or volatilization. Specific metabolic pathways leading to precipitation of heavy metals as metal sulfides, phosphates or carbonates possess significance for possible biotechnology application. Moreover, the possibility of altering the properties of living species used in heavy metal remediation or constructing chimeric organisms possessing desirable features using genetic engineering is now under study in many laboratories. The encouraging evidence as to the usefulness of living organisms and their constituents as well as metabolic pathways for the remediation of metal contamination is reviewed here. A review with 243 references.
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O'Brien, Siobhán, David J. Hodgson, and Angus Buckling. "Social evolution of toxic metal bioremediation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1787 (July 22, 2014): 20140858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0858.
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Bacteria are often iron-limited, and hence produce extracellular iron-scavenging siderophores. A crucial feature of siderophore production is that it can be an altruistic behaviour (individually costly but benefitting neighbouring cells), thus siderophore producers can be invaded by non-producing social ‘cheats’. Recent studies have shown that siderophores can also bind other heavy metals (such as Cu and Zn), but in this case siderophore chelation actually reduces metal uptake by bacteria. These complexes reduce heavy metal toxicity, hence siderophore production may contribute to toxic metal bioremediation. Here, we show that siderophore production in the context of bioremediation is also an altruistic trait and can be exploited by cheating phenotypes in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Specifically, we show that in toxic copper concentrations (i) siderophore non-producers evolve de novo and reach high frequencies, and (ii) producing strains are fitter than isogenic non-producing strains in monoculture, and vice versa in co-culture. Moreover, we show that the evolutionary effect copper has on reducing siderophore production is greater than the reduction observed under iron-limited conditions. We discuss the relevance of these results to the evolution of siderophore production in natural communities and heavy metal bioremediation.
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Kumari, Sweta, Baidyanath Kumar, and Rimjhim Sheel. "Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Serious Aquatic Weed, Salvinia." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 9 (September 10, 2016): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.509.039.
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