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Journal articles on the topic 'Metals chlorides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Darisi, Jyothi Swaroop, Hema Harika Pothana, Jeswanth Darise, Thambi SagarBabu Veerabathina, and Subhashish Dey Dr. "A Study on Biosorbents for the Removal of Chloride Ion from Water." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 5 (2023): 106–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7931636.

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presence of pollutants in aqueous solution particularly from hazardous heavy metals and metalloids is an important environmental and social problem. The chlorides are one of the serious groundwater contaminants in rural areas. The chlorides are regulated in drinking water quality primarily because excess amounts can cause disease. Chloride in both its gaseous and liquid form can be irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin due to its alkaline nature. Biosorption is one of the biological treatments that has emerged as a new technology for the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqu

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2

Salyulev, A. B., and V. Ya Kudyakov. "ON THE COMPOSITION OF SATURATED VAPORS AND VOLATILITY OF TETRACHLORIDES OF URANIUM AND SOME OTHER METALS (ThCl<sub>4</sub>, HfCl<sub>4</sub>, ZrCl<sub>4</sub>, TiCl<sub>4</sub>) FROM THEIR MOLTEN MIXTURES WITH ALKALI METAL CHLORIDES." Расплавы, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023501062302010x.

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Based on our experimental data and those obtained by researchers, mainly employees of our Institute (IHTE UB RAS), the regularities of changes in the composition of saturated vapors and the volatility of components of molten mixtures of tetrachlorides of uranium and some other metals (ThCl4, HfCl4, ZrCl4, TiCl4) with alkali metal chlorides depending on the temperature, concentration and cationic composition of melts are discussed. It is noted that the dissolution of UCl4 as well as other tetrachlorides in molten alkali metal chlorides is accompanied by complexation, manifested in a sharp decre

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3

Stavarache, Carmen, Rokura Nishimura, Yasuaki Maeda, and Mircea Vinatoru. "Sonolysis of chlorobenzene in the presence of transition metal salts." Open Chemistry 1, no. 4 (2003): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02475221.

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AbstractSonolysis of aqueous solution of chlorobenzene at 200 kHz frequency in the presence of transition metals chlorides was investigated. Through analyzing the nature and distribution of the products detected in the reaction mixture, a new mechanism of sonodegradation is advanced. Depending on the metals used and their behavior during sonolysis, we were able to discriminate between inside and outside cavitation bubble mechanisms. Iron and cobalt chlorides, which could undergo redox reactions in the presence of HO radicals generated ultrasonically, give higher amounts of phenolic compounds c

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4

Koishina, G. M., E. E. Zholdasbay, M. B. Kurmanseitov, E. B. Tazhiev, and A. A. Argyn. "Study on the behavior of zinc and associated metal-impurities in the process of chlorinating roasting of dross." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 318, no. 3 (2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.30.

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In this work the issue of processing of dross with preliminary separation of the metal part from the oxide one is reviewed. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of known works it is shown that this approach can be quite effective if a technology is developed for the separate processing of the oxide part to obtain a commercial product. The authors of this work proposed carrying out chlorinating roasting under oxidizing conditions with various chlorine-containing reagents as one of the effective ways of processing the oxide part of the dross. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of the

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5

Kaur, Gurjeet, Sangeeta Sharma, and Umesh Kumar Garg. "Assessment of Ground Water Contamination by Inorganic Impurities in Ferozepur District of Punjab State, India." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 3 (2019): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21601.

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Malwa region of Punjab state, India has become the center of water borne diseases due to excessive use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, industrial toxins that cause toxicity in water. The main contamination in ground water is by physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals i.e. pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, arsenic and lead. The contamination of ground water with heavy metals causes health hazards to humans and animals. Due to lack of adequate facilities and resources for the management and handling of waste, the

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6

Petrova, Nikolina, Dimitar Todorovsky, and Veselinka Vasileva. "Synthesis and characterization of Mn-, La-Mn- and La-Ca-Mn-citrates as precursors for LaMnO3 and La1−xCaxMnO3." Open Chemistry 3, no. 2 (2005): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02475995.

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AbstractMn-, LaMn- and LaCaMn-citrates were synthesized at 60–120°C in ethylene glycol medium using chlorides or nitrates as metal sources. Their composition, IR spectra and thermal decomposition were studied. Equimolar La/Mn ratio has been established in the complex, prepared from chloride solution with the same initial composition of the metals. In the isolated three-metallic complex the molar ratio of the metals deviates from the composition in the initial solution. The final products of the heating of Mn- and mixed-metal LaMn-citrates at 1000°C are phase-homogeneous Mn3O4 (hausmannite) and

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7

Dyshekova, Aminat Kh, Akhmed M. Karmokov, Zamir V. Shomakhov, Alexander D. Kostyukov, and Irina P. Shumeiko. "Interphase Characteristics of Alkali Chlorides with Impurities of Ag, Sn, Cu." Nano Hybrids and Composites 28 (February 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.28.31.

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Influence of small additives of copper, silver and tin on the angle of wetting and work of adhesion of monocrystals of chlorides of potassium and sodium is considered. The nature of interphase interaction of limit of the section monocrystals of chlorides of sodium and potassium with additives of the specified metals is revealed.

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8

Švorčík, V., V. Rybka, J. Švorčíková, et al. "Diffusion into polypropylene of chlorides of alkali metals." European Polymer Journal 29, no. 7 (1993): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(93)90287-p.

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9

Flid, M. R. "Oxidative chlorination of hydrocarbons. Part 1. The Deacon reaction. Oxidative chlorination of saturated hydrocarbons C1 and C2." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 24, no. 1 (2024): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2024-1-5-33.

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The review paper considers main regularities of the hydrogen chloride oxidation (the Deacon reaction) and oxidative chlorination of methane and ethane. The most efficient catalysts for these processes were shown to be the copper chloride systems on various supports, which contain also chlorides of alkaline and rare-earth metals that decrease the carry-over of the active phase from the catalyst surface and increase the activity. The main kinetic and technological regularities of the oxychlorination processes were considered. The conditions that promote an increase in the yield of target product

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10

Destefanis, Enrico, Caterina Caviglia, Davide Bernasconi, et al. "Valorization of MSWI Bottom Ash as a Function of Particle Size Distribution, Using Steam Washing." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229461.

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Treatments to reduce the leaching of contaminants (chloride, sulfate, heavy metals) into the environment from bottom ash (BA) are investigated, as a function of the ash’s particle size (s). The aim is to make BA suitable for reuse as secondary raw material, in accordance with the legal requirements. Such treatments must be economically feasible and, possibly, have to use by-products of the plant (in this case, steam in excess from the turbine). For the sake of completeness and comparison, carbonation is performed on those BA particle size classes that are not positively responsive to steam was

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11

Doubi, Mostafa, Abderazzak Nimour, Ahmed Derma, Mohammed Aboulouafa, Rachid Touir, and Hamid Erramli. "Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water Quality, Hydrochemical Characterization of the Doukkala Plain, Morocco." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 2 (2021): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370213.

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This study concerns the analysis of the physico-chemical parameters (T°, pH, EC, NO3-, Cl-, PO43-, HCO3-, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) of groundwater from the Doukkala, in order to establish its pollution diagnosis. Thus, water samples were taken at 8 stations in January and July.The results show that the wells are characterized by a geochemical facies Chloride and sulphate of calcium and magnesiu and potassium chloride or sodium sulphate. According to Moroccan standards and the values of certain parameters such as temperature, hydrogen potential, conductivity, alkalis, alkaline earth metals

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12

Fosu, Allen Yushark, Bastien Demeusy, Frédéric Diot, et al. "Selective Extraction of Valuable and Critical Metals in Cassiterite Concentrate by Dry Chlorination, Part I: Thermodynamic and Modelling Perspective." Materials 17, no. 17 (2024): 4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17174186.

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The chlorination of oxides of major concern in cassiterite concentrate with various chlorinating agents is investigated in light of their thermodynamic feasibilities to extract and recover their valuable metal components. Mechanisms responsible for the processes and their Gibbs free energy changes as a function of temperature to selectively separate and/or recover the metal(s) of interest and unwanted ones as their metallic chlorides are identified. Attention is given to gaseous (Cl2 and Cl2 + CO mixture) and solid (CaCl2 and MgCl2) chlorine sources, from which Cl2 + CO shows no reaction selec

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13

Shilykovskaya, Darya O., Aleksandr M. Elokhov, and Yuliya V. Smolina. "Salting-out and salting-in ability of non-transition metals nitrates and chlorides to ethoxylated nonylphenols." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Химия» = Bulletin of Perm University. CHEMISTRY 14, no. 1 (2024): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.17072/2223-1838-2024-1-21-31.

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The influence of nitrates and chlorides of non-transition metals and ammonium on the salting out of neonol AF 9-10 from aqueous solutions was studied. It has been shown that nitrates and chlorides of monovalent metals have a mainly salting-out effect, while nitrates of di- and trivalent cations increase the separation temperature of aqueous solutions of neonol AF 9-10. Based on the study of phase equilibria in the system ammonium nitrate – neonol AF 9-10 – water in the temperature range 25–80°C, option 5 of the generalized scheme of topological transformation of phase diagrams inorganic salt –

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14

Hui, Alice K., Brian J. Cook, Daniel J. Mindiola, and Kenneth G. Caulton. "Transition Metal Chlorides Are Lewis Acids toward Terminal Chloride Attached to Late Transition Metals." Inorganic Chemistry 53, no. 7 (2014): 3307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic402107z.

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15

Shamroz, Zainab, Misbah Munir, Shazia Iram, Mirza Naseer Ahmad, and Rashida Sultana. "Appraisement of the Pernicious Status of Drinking Water Exposed to Precambrian Rocks of Chenab Nagar Area, Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 3 (2022): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v13i3.42.

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Natural and anthropogenic indulgence in the form of industrialization, urban sprawl, and population increase deplete the water resources that entails immediate consideration. So, contemplating this need for eco-rehabilitation, drinking water quality predicted in contemporary research for surface and groundwater in proximity of Precambrian rocks (Chenab Nagar, Punjab) revealed poor water quality status. Physical parameters (EC, TDS, and temperature), chemical (pH, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and heavy metals) and microbiological (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and the absence or occ

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16

Luo, Wen, Guochen Hu, Junshuai Ding, Jijun Wu, and Wenhui Ma. "Thermodynamics of Vacuum Chloride Volatilization of Ni, Co, Mn, Li, Al, and Cu in Spent Lithium−Ion Battery." Metals 12, no. 12 (2022): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122183.

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In recent years the chlorination leaching separation process in the field of hydrometallurgy has been developed considerably. However, the development of the chlorination separation process in the field of pyrometallurgy has lagged. In this paper, the thermodynamics of vacuum chlorination volatilization of valuable metals Ni, Co, Mn, Li, Al, and Cu from spent lithium−ion batteries is investigated, and it is found that chlorination helps to achieve the trapping and separation of the singlet metals. With the help of Factsage 8.1, a theoretical map of the stable regions of valuable metal chloride

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17

Chervonyj, Ivan, Dmytro Listopad, Angelina Gab, et al. "On Thermodynamic Possibility of Retort Steel Components Interaction with Titanium Chlorides and Oxygen During Kroll Process." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 6 (2019): 1924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.6.7248.

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Thermodynamic analysis was carried out of the possible effects of interaction reactions of the main components of the metallic retort (Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn) with titanium chlorides and with oxygen, during magnesium thermal method of titanium obtaining. The temperature dependences of DG for the conversion of metals into their chlorides and oxides allowed to establishe the temperature ranges in which the above reactions take place.

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18

Shahin, Naglaa, and Reham Kamal Abd El Hamid. "Spectroscopy and Conductivity Studies of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Polypyrrol (Ppy) Nanocomposite with Various Chloride Metals to Improved Properties of the Polymers." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 16, no. 1 (2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v16i1.8192.

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Polyvinyl alcohol- polypyrrole (PVA-PPy) nanocomposites with metal chlorides (FeCl3, NiCl2, CuCl2 and ZnCl2) have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. These synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, Transition electron microscope (TEM) and Conductivity measurement. TEM exhibit that all of the composites have uniform sizes and morphologies. The diameter of PVA/PPy nanocompsite is 58nm when the metals added to the PVA/PPy the diameters becomes smaller. The variation of electrical conductivity (log ?) with 1000/T for PVA/PPy nanocompos

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19

Alonso, Francisco, and Miguel Yus. "New synthetic methodologies based on active transition metals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 5 (2008): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880051005.

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Active transition metals, namely, nickel, copper and iron, have been prepared by the reduction of the corresponding chlorides with lithium and a catalytic amount of an arene. These metals, in the form of nanoparticles, have found application in the reduction of a wide variety of functional groups as well as in the alkylation of methyl ketones with primary alcohols.

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20

Shao, Hui, Yingzhou Lu, Xin Liang, and Chunxi Li. "The Catalytic Mechanism of [Bmim]Cl-Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydrochlorination of Acetylene." Catalysts 14, no. 2 (2024): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14020093.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are green solvents involved in chemical reaction and separation processes. In this paper, four ILs-based metal catalysts were prepared by dissolving four transition metal chlorides into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). Their catalytic performance was measured, and the catalytic mechanism was studied via density functional theory (DFT) based on the analysis of the Mayer bonding order, Mulliken charge, molecular electrostatic potential (ESP), electron localization function (ELF), and partial density of states (PDOS). The results show that the catalytic activit

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21

Chalov, K. V., Yu V. Lugovoy, V. Yu Doluda, et al. "Influence of metals chlorides on oil-slime thermocatalytic processing." Chemical Engineering Journal 238 (February 2014): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.048.

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22

Colon, Ismael, and Donald R. Kelsey. "Coupling of aryl chlorides by nickel and reducing metals." Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 14 (1986): 2627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00364a002.

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23

Opdahl, Lee J., Ricky W. Lewis, Lee A. Kalcsits, Tarah S. Sullivan, and Karen A. Sanguinet. "Plant Uptake of Lactate-Bound Metals: A Sustainable Alternative to Metal Chlorides." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (2021): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081085.

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Global agricultural intensification has prompted investigations into biostimulants to enhance plant nutrition and soil ecosystem processes. Metal lactates are an understudied class of organic micronutrient supplement that provide both a labile carbon source and mineral nutrition for plant and microbial growth. To gain a fundamental understanding of plant responses to metal lactates, we employed a series of sterile culture-vessel experiments to compare the uptake and toxicity of five metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Co) supplied in lactate and chloride salt form. Additionally, primary root growth in

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24

Shamroz, Zainab, Misbah Munir, Shazia Iram, Mirza Nasir Ahmed, and Rashida Sultana. "Appraisement of the Pernicious Status of Drinking Water Exposed to Precambrian Rocks of Chenab Nagar Area, Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 3 (2022): 45–49. https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol13.iss3.2022.743.

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Natural and anthropogenic indulgence in the form of industrialization, urban sprawl, and population increase deplete the water resources that entails immediate consideration. So, contemplating this need for eco-rehabilitation, drinking water quality predicted in contemporary research for surface and groundwater in proximity of Precambrian rocks (Chenab Nagar, Punjab) revealed poor water quality status. Physical parameters (EC, TDS, and temperature), chemical (pH, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and heavy metals) and microbiological (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and the absence or occ

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25

Gronba-Chyła, Anna, Agnieszka Generowicz, Paweł Kwaśnicki, et al. "Determining the Effectiveness of Street Cleaning with the Use of Decision Analysis and Research on the Reduction in Chloride in Waste." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103538.

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Waste from street cleaning is usually of a fine fraction below 10 mm and varies greatly in both quantity and composition. It may be composed of chlorides, especially for that resulting during winter due to the use of street de-icing agents. Chlorides can cause the salinization of surface water and groundwater, and the salinization of soils, which in turn lead to the deterioration of water purity and a decrease in biodiversity of aquatic organisms, changes in microbiological structure, and increases in toxicity of metals. Therefore, it is very important to determine the level of salinity in sto

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26

Pradhan, Sahar H., James Y. Liu, and Christie M. Sayes. "Evaluating Manganese, Zinc, and Copper Metal Toxicity on SH-SY5Y Cells in Establishing an Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (2023): 16129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216129.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition marked by loss of motor coordination and cognitive impairment. According to global estimates, the worldwide prevalence of PD will likely exceed 12 million cases by 2040. PD is primarily associated with genetic factors, while clinically, cases are attributed to idiopathic factors such as environmental or occupational exposure. The heavy metals linked to PD and other neurodegenerative disorders include copper, manganese, and zinc. Chronic exposure to metals induces elevated oxidative stress and disrupts homeostasis, resulting in neuronal

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27

Karfidov, E. A., E. V. Nikitina, K. E. Seliverstov, P. N. Mushnikov, and K. R. Karimov. "CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 12Cr18Ni10Ti STEEL IN LiCl–KCl MELT CONTAINING ADDITIVES OF <i>f</i>-ELEMENT CHLORIDES." Расплавы, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235010623040035.

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When reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, it is supposed to use LiCl–KCl melt (0.49:0.51) in an inert atmosphere, all metal materials in this salt melt are extremely susceptible to corrosion, besides, during the processing of spent fuel, both the liquid (melt) and the gas phase are saturated with decay products that can act as additional oxidizing agents, increasing the aggressiveness of the environment. The pyrochemical technology of SNF includes operations such as soft chlorination, electrofining and metallization, implying the presence in the melt of compounds of chlorides of rare earth metals

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28

Shmeltser, Ekaterina, Maryna Kormer, and Vitalij Lyalyuk. "Current Aspects of Prevention of Coal Freezing by Means of Inorganic and Organic Reagents." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110006003.

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In the cold season, irregular coal supplies to coke plants are aggravated by the need to heat the coal cars. Thawing of rail cars in garages (enclosures) is the least efficient and most expensive approach. Treatment of the coal concentrates with chemical additives reliably prevents freezing in winter during transit from suppliers to consumers. With a view to finding new reagents for preventing the freezing of coal in winter, the lime, the acetates and chlorides of alkaline-earth and alkaline metals are studied. Attention focuses on their physicochemical characteristics, methods of preparation

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29

He, Yong, Ye Yuan, Zhihua Wang, et al. "Kinetics and Mechanisms of Metal Chlorides Catalysis for Coal Char Gasification with CO2." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (2020): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060715.

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The gasification experiments of coal chars with CO2 were carried out isothermally, with K, Ca, Ni, and Zn chloride catalysts, adopting a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) from 800 to 1100 °C. The kinetic characteristic of the samples were described using the volumetric model (VM), the grain model (GM), and the random pore model (PRM). The morphology patterns of the samples were tested applying X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the catalytic mechanisms concerning the phase changes were proposed. The results confirm that the gasification rate and char reactivities are enhanced by K, Ca and Ni chlorid

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30

Zakiryanova, Irina D., Iraida V. Korzun, Emma G. Vovkotrub, and Boris D. Antonov. "A comprehensive study of the thermal behavior of rare earth chloride hydrates: resolving contradictions." Electrochemical Materials and Technologies 3, no. 1 (2024): 20243028. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/elmattech.2024.3.028.

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Rare earth metal chlorides are used as starting materials on electrochemical synthesis of pure metals. These chlorides are hygroscopic and tend to form hydrates. To resolve the uncertainty of the thermal behavior of the hydrates LaCl3 ∙ 7H2O, NdCl3 ∙ 6H2O, SmCl3 ∙ 6H2O, and YbCl3 ∙ 6H2O, a comprehensive study is carried out. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry were used to reveal the dehydration and hydrolysis processes over the temperature range of 25–700 ºC. Phase compositions of the initial hydrates, intermediate and final products are investigated by t

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31

Shabanov, O. M., S. M. Gadzhiev, A. O. Magomedova, and F. O. Ismailova. "High-voltage electroconduction in molten chlorides of alkaline-earth metals." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 42, no. 9 (2006): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193506090138.

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32

Shibaeva, R. P., S. S. Khasanov, B. Zh Narymbetov, et al. "Organic metals based on BEDT-TTF and BEDO-TTF chlorides." Synthetic Metals 102, no. 1-3 (1999): 1650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(98)00244-6.

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33

Hagiwara, R., M. Ito, and Y. Ito. "Graphite intercalation compounds of lanthanide metals prepared in molten chlorides." Carbon 34, no. 12 (1996): 1591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(96)00109-1.

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34

Shishkin, V. Yu, та V. M. Ivenko. "Solubility of cerium in melts (NaCl–KCl)–CeCl₃ at a temperature of 850°С". Расплавы, № 1 (14 червня 2024): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235010624010052.

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Molten mixtures of chlorides of alkali and polyvalent metals have found wide application in the electrolytic refining of a number of metals, such as plutonium. The current efficiency in such processes depends on many factors, among which the most significant are the corrosion resistance of products made of ceramic materials in contact with melts, as well as the solubility of the metal to be purified in melts containing its chloride. Thus, when carrying out refining electrolysis to purify liquid cerium in a molten equimolar mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides with an initial concentration

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35

Mohammed, Zainab Bahaa. "Evaluation the water quality of the potable water network in Al-Shuala/ Baghdad City." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 13, no. 28 (2019): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v13i28.249.

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In this research, the water quality of the potable water network inAl-Shuala Baghdad city were evaluated and compare them with theIraqi standards (IQS) for drinking water and World HealthOrganization standards (WHO), then water quality index (WQI) werecalculator: pH, heavy metals (lead, cadmium and iron), chlorides,total hardness, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid andelectrical conductivity. Water samples are collected weekly duringthe period from February 2015 to April 2015 from ten sites. Resultsshow that the chlorides, total dissolved solid and electricalconductivity less t

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36

Kovalenko, Vadym, Olga Chernova, Valerii Kotok, et al. "ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCING OF TERBIUM AND HOLMIUM IONS IN THE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDES MELT WITH EQUIMOLAR COMPOSITION." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 17, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00980.

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Interest to rare-earth metals (REM) and their alloys is due to the possibility of using them for the creation of new materials need for modern technology. For instance, REM as alloying components allows for preparation of material with special magnetic properties. A promising method for forming such coating is the surface treatment of metals. This process has an electrochemical character as such for the organization of technology the knowledge of kinetics and mechanism of these processes is important. Despite significant interest in rare-earth metals, these issues are not well described in the

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37

Vadym, Kovalenko, Chernova Olga, Kotok Valerii, et al. "ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCING OF TERBIUM AND HOLMIUM IONS IN THE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDES MELT WITH EQUIMOLAR COMPOSITION." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (September 30, 2019): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00980.

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Interest to rare-earth metals (REM) and their alloys is due to the possibility of using them for the creation of new materials need for modern technology. For instance, REM as alloying components allows for preparation of material with special magnetic properties. A promising method for forming such coating is the surface treatment of metals. This process has an electrochemical character as such for the organization of technology the knowledge of kinetics and mechanism of these processes is important. Despite significant interest in rare-earth metals, these issues are not well described in the

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Nikitin, Dmitry I., Ilya B. Polovov, and Oleg I. Rebrin. "POSSIBILIITY OF URANIUM EXTRACTION FROM SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL IN FUSED ELECTROLITES CONTAINING RARE ELEMENTS." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, no. 10 (2023): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/10/4183.

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Link for citation: Nikitin D.I., Polovov I.B., Rebrin O.I. Possibility of uranium extraction from spent nuclear fuel in fused electrolytes containing rare elements . Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 210-218. In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the plans of using electrolytic separation of metalized spent nuclear fuel as a stage in pyrochemical reprocessing of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium fuel. The main aim is to determine the parameters of uranium electrolytic separation from an alloy with simulators of fission

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Eysseltová, Jitka. "Ionic Processes in Saturated Solutions of MgCl2·6H2O in Solutions of Other Divalent Metals." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 1 (2001): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20010089.

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Solubility isotherms of MgCl2·6H2O at 25 °C in solutions of chlorides of bivalent beryllium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc and mercury were treated by the hydration analysis. In addition to the usual procedure, the recently developed modified transfer energy Ξ was used to characterize the situation in saturated solutions. As a result, the following ionic processes were established in the saturated solutions under consideration: competition for water in solutions of MgCl2·6H2O containing beryllium and calcium chloride, complex formation in solutions of MgCl2·6H2O containing manganese,

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Kalinin, Arkadii A., Yevgeny E. Savchenko, and Ekaterina A. Selivanova. "Mustard Gold in the Oleninskoe Gold Deposit, Kolmozero–Voronya Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia." Minerals 9, no. 12 (2019): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120786.

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The Oleninskoe intrusion-related gold–silver deposit is the first deposit in the Precambrian of the Fennoscandian Shield, where mustard gold has been identified. The mustard gold replaces küstelite with impurities of Sb and, probably, gold-bearing dyscrasite and aurostibite. The mosaic structure of the mustard gold grains is due to different orientations and sizes of pores in the matrix of noble metals. Zonation in the mustard gold grains is connected with mobilization and partial removal of silver from küstelite, corresponding enrichment of the residual matter in gold, and also with the chang

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Gueccia, Rosa, Alba Ruiz Aguirre, Serena Randazzo, Andrea Cipollina, and Giorgio Micale. "Diffusion Dialysis for Separation of Hydrochloric Acid, Iron and Zinc Ions from Highly Concentrated Pickling Solutions." Membranes 10, no. 6 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10060129.

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Acid recovery from pickling waste solutions is an important step to enhance hot-dip-galvanizing industry process sustainability. Diffusion dialysis (DD) can be used to separate acids and heavy metals (e.g., iron and zinc) from pickling waters, promoting the circular use of such raw materials. In the present study, a laboratory scale unit operating in batch and a continuous large scale unit, both equipped with Fumasep anionic exchange membranes, were tested. Results obtained show that zinc and iron concentration affect the HCl recovery in opposite ways. Iron chlorides enhance acid recovery, whi

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Kozin, V. F., and A. A. Omel’chuk. "Formation of cadmium chlorides via cadmium dissolution in chloride melts." Inorganic Materials 42, no. 1 (2006): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168506010158.

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Volkovich, Vladimir A., Alexander B. Ivanov, Dariya Bessonova, and Dmitry S. Maltsev. "(Digital Presentation) Silver Electrode Potentials in NaCl–KCl–Cscl Eutectic Melts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552131mtgabs.

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Molten salts have a number of potential applications including metals’ electrowinning and electrorefining, pyrochemical spent nuclear fuels’ reprocessing. Considerable efforts were devoted over decades to investigation of various electrochemical processes in molten salts, especially in fused chlorides. Silver chloride electrode is one of convenient types of reference electrodes often employed in potentiometry measurements. This electrode has several advantages (especially compactness) compare to the standard chlorine reference electrode, potential of which in chloride melts is taken as zero. S

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Kistan, A., A. Premkumar, and V. Kanchana. "A Simple Treatment of Tannery Wastewater using Modified Activated Carbon by Metal Chloride." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23699.

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Tannery wastewaters are exceedingly complex and characterized by high contents of organic, inorganic and nitrogenous compounds, chromium, sulfides, suspended solids and dissolved substances. Treatment of tannery wastewater was carried out by using activated carbon modified metal chlorides approaches. Effluent from an existing tannery was used as the test medium. The characteristics of the influent and effluent after the chemical treatment were determined. Modified activated carbon mixed with clarified tannery effluent then the various constituents of the effluent were re-investigated. The resu

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GRONBA-CHYŁA, Anna. "CHLORIDE CONTENT OF STREET CLEANING WASTE AND ITS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 15, no. 1 (2022): 85–90. https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2022-007.

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Abstract According to the data of the Central Statistical Office for 2017, the average amount of municipal waste generated per capita is 486 kg. Poland ranks last but one in terms of the amount of municipal waste generated. About 56% of municipal waste is processed, but still about 40% is landfilled. They may contain chlorides, especially those from the winter period, resulting from the use of deicing agents. Chlorides cause salinity of surface and ground waters and soil salinity, which in turn leads to deterioration of water purity and a decrease in biodiversity of aquatic organisms, changes

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Zhao, Guangwen, Qiuzhan Tian, and Shuzhen DuAn. "Equilibria between ferrous and ferric chlorides in molten chloride salts." Metallurgical Transactions B 21, no. 1 (1990): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02658124.

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Gegeshidze, Nana, Nino Kilasonia, and Maia Tsintsadze. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic (IR) Studies of Complex Compounds of Some 3D Metals with N,N-dimethylformamide." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(528) (May 29, 2023): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-18-26.

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Complex compounds of sulphates and chlorides of cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), manganese (II), cadmium (II) and zinc with N, N-dimethylformamide, as well as mixed acidoligand complex compounds of cobalt (II), nickel (II), manganese (II) and copper (II) with N,N-dimethylformamide were synthesized. In order to study the rules of coordination of N,Ndimethylformamide and thiocyanate groups, IR spectra of synthesized complex compounds were studied. Based on the study of IR spectra, it was found that in all synthesized complex compounds, the coordination of the N,Ndimethylformamide molecule

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Kim, Jin-Seok, Nag-Choul Choi, and Ho Young Jo. "Selective Leaching Trace Elements from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) without and with Adding Solid NH4Cl Using Microwave Heating." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081281.

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Bauxite residue (red mud), which is an industrial byproduct, contains valuable trace elements. Solid NH4Cl was used as a chlorinating agent during the microwave heating of red mud to convert trace elements into soluble metal chloride. Red mud was heated using microwave ovens under various conditions (i.e., with the addition of solid NH4Cl and with a range of microwave output powers and microwave heating times). Leaching tests were then conducted using deionized (DI) water on the microwave-heated red mud to leach trace elements from red mud. V, Cr, and As were selectively leached from the micro

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Morishita, Masao, Koichiro Koyama, Kazuhiro Yamazoe, Masahiko Morinaga, and Hirohiko Adachi. "Electronic States of Molten Chlorides of Alkali Metals, Magnesium and Zinc." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 58, no. 3 (1994): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.58.3_276.

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Golosov, O. A., S. S. Khvostov, S. V. Staritsyn, et al. "EP-823 STEEL CORROSION RATE IN MOLTEN CHLORIDES OF ALKALI METALS." Расплавы, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235010623020068.

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At present, technologies are being developed for the regeneration of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium spent nuclear fuel (MNUP SNF) for the BREST-OD-300 reactor plant, including the use of a pyrochemical method of mild chlorination in alkali metal chloride melts to separate fuel from fuel rod claddings made from high radiation resistance of ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823. The paper gives the results of EP-823 static corrosion tests in KCl–LiCl and KCl–LiCl–nPbCl2 molten salts at the temperature of 500 and 650°С during 24 h. Corrosion behaviour of EP-823 steel in non-oxidized and thermal air

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