Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing"

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Gilgien, P., A. Zryd, and W. Kurz. "Metastable Phase Diagrams and Rapid Solidification Processing." ISIJ International 35, no. 6 (1995): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.35.566.

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Li, Xiaoshuang, Kai Zweiacker, Daniel Grolimund, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Adriaan B. Spierings, Christian Leinenbach, and Konrad Wegener. "In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 10, 2020): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092192.

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Laser beam-based deposition methods such as laser cladding or additive manufacturing of metals promises improved properties, performance, and reliability of the materials and therefore rely heavily on understanding the relationship between chemical composition, rapid solidification processing conditions, and resulting microstructural features. In this work, the phase formation of four Ni-Cr-Si alloys was studied as a function of cooling rate and chemical composition using a liquid droplet rapid solidification technique. Post mortem x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction shows the present and evolution of the rapidly solidified microstructures. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to standard laser deposition tests. In situ microbeam diffraction revealed that due to rapid cooling and an increasing amount of Cr and Si, metastable high-temperature silicides remain in the final microstructure. Due to more sluggish interface kinetics of intermetallic compounds than that of disorder solid solution, an anomalous eutectic structure becomes dominant over the regular lamellar microstructure at high cooling rates. The rapid solidification experiments produced a microstructure similar to the one generated in laser coating thus confirming that this rapid solidification test allows a rapid pre-screening of alloys suitable for laser beam-based processing techniques.
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Matsuda, A., C. C. Wan, J. M. Yang, and W. H. Kao. "Rapid solidification processing of a Mg-Li-Si-Ag alloy." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 27, no. 5 (May 1996): 1363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02649873.

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Bertero, G. A., W. H. Hofmeister, M. B. Robinson, and R. J. Bayuzick. "Containerless processing and rapid solidification of Nb-Si alloys of hypereutectic composition." Metallurgical Transactions A 22, no. 11 (November 1991): 2723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02851367.

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Yan, N., D. L. Geng, Z. Y. Hong, and B. Wei. "Ultrasonic levitation processing and rapid eutectic solidification of liquid Al–Ge alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 607 (September 2014): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.04.006.

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Jabbareh, Mohammad Amin, and Hamid Assadi. "Modelling of Microstructure Evolution during Laser Processing of Intermetallic Containing Ni-Al Alloys." Metals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071051.

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There is a growing interest in laser melting processes, e.g., for metal additive manufacturing. Modelling and numerical simulation can help to understand and control microstructure evolution in these processes. However, standard methods of microstructure simulation are generally not suited to model the kinetic effects associated with rapid solidification in laser processing, especially for material systems that contain intermetallic phases. In this paper, we present and employ a tailored phase-field model to demonstrate unique features of microstructure evolution in such systems. Initially, the problem of anomalous partitioning during rapid solidification of intermetallics is revisited using the tailored phase-field model, and the model predictions are assessed against the existing experimental data for the B2 phase in the Ni-Al binary system. The model is subsequently combined with a Potts model of grain growth to simulate laser processing of polycrystalline alloys containing intermetallic phases. Examples of simulations are presented for laser processing of a nickel-rich Ni-Al alloy, to demonstrate the application of the method in studying the effect of processing conditions on various microstructural features, such as distribution of intermetallic phases in the melt pool and the heat-affected zone. The computational framework used in this study is envisaged to provide additional insight into the evolution of microstructure in laser processing of industrially relevant materials, e.g., in laser welding or additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys.
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de Castro, Walman Benício. "Undercooling of Eutectic Sn-57wt%Bi Alloy." Materials Science Forum 480-481 (March 2005): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.201.

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Rapid Solidification Processing (RSP), of metals and alloys, is establish by increasing of the undercooling applying high cooling rates (102 - 106 K/s) or by reduce nucleation sites using low cooling rates (1 K/s). Melt undercooling opens new solidification pathways for new nonequilibrium phases and unusual microstructures. Several techniques have been developed to reduce nucleation sites and produce increased undercooling in metals and alloys including the fluxing technique. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the undercooling level on microstructures of eutectic Sn-57wt%Bi alloy by using the fluxing technique. A morphological change from eutectic to eutectic plus primary dendrites bSn was observed when the undercooling increase from 10 K to 19 K and a refinement of the primary dendrites bSn was observed when the undercooling increase from 19 K to 29 K. Increasing the undercooling led to a higher growth rate, hence morphological refinement occur.
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Chen, Xiaohua, Weijie Fan, Wenwen Jiang, Deye Lin, Zidong Wang, Xidong Hui, and Yanlin Wang. "Effects of Cooling Rate on the Solidification Process of Pure Metal Al: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on the MFPT Method." Metals 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2022): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091504.

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Isothermal solidification process of pure metal Al was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using EAM potential. The effects of different cooling rates on the isothermal solidification process of metallic Al were studied. Al was first subjected to a rapid cooling process, and then it was annealing under isothermal conditions. The mean first-passage times (MFPT) method and Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) law were used to qualify the solidification kinetic processing, and the nucleation rate, critical nucleus size, Avrami exponent and growth exponent of grains were calculated. Results show that the nucleation rate and critical size decrease as the cooling rate increases. Also, an increase in the cooling rate leads to the increase of grain growth rate. At all investigated cooling rates, nucleation and growth processes are in the typical three-dimensional growth mode.
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Nayak, S. S., S. K. Pabi, D. H. Kim, and B. S. Murty. "Microstructure-hardness relationship of Al–(L12)Al3Ti nanocomposites prepared by rapid solidification processing." Intermetallics 18, no. 4 (April 2010): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2009.09.009.

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Shen, Gaoliang, Zhilei Xiang, Xiaozhao Ma, Jingcun Huang, Yueqing Zhao, Jihao Li, Zhitian Wang, Guodong Shi, and Ziyong Chen. "Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Prepared by Rapid Solidification and Hot Extrusion." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020293.

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Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys have the advantages of high specific strength, easy processing, and high toughness, showing great potential application in the aerospace field. However, ultra-high strength aluminum alloys usually contain coarse microstructures, micro-segregation, and casting defects that seriously deteriorate mechanical properties. Here, we report a high-strength aluminum alloy (Al-10.5Zn-2.0Mg-1.2Cu-0.12Zr-0.1Er) prepared by rapid solidification and hot extrusion to explore the microstructure modification of the alloy based on this strategy. The results show that: rapid-solidification technology can significantly refine alloy grains, alloy ribbons were composed of α (Al) equiaxed fine grains, and the average grain size was less than 6 μm. After extrusion, the alloy had partially recrystallized, existing coarse second-phase (T-phase) and needle-shaped precipitates were MgZn2 (η-phase), and the tensile strength and elongation of the extruded bar were 466.4 MPa and 12.9%, respectively. After T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of the alloy reached 635.8 MPa, while elongation decreased to 10.5%. According to microstructure analysis and considering the contributions of grain boundary, dislocation, and precipitation-strengthening to the improvement of the mechanical properties, it was found that precipitation-strengthening is the main strengthening mechanism. Our research shows that rapid-solidification and hot-extrusion technology have great potential for improving the microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing"

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Zhang, De-Liang. "Heterogeneous nucleation of solidification of metals and alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5116b367-b1aa-472a-b992-b1fb5f96b76d.

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The main aim of this work is to investigate heterogeneous nucleation of solidification of metals and alloys by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy using a newly modified entrained particle technique. Attention is focused on investigating (a) heterogeneous nucleation of Cd, In and Pb particle solidification by Al in rapidly solidified Al-Cd, Al-In and Al-Pb binary alloys; (b) effects of various ternary additions such as Mg, Ge and Si on heterogenous nucleation of solidification of Cd and Pb solidification by Al; (c) heterogenous nucleation of solidification of Si by solid Al in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. In addition, the melting behaviour of Cd, In and Pb particles embedded in an Al matrix is investigated. The rapidly solidified microstructures of melt spun Al-Cd, Al-In and Al-Pb alloys consist of faceted 5-200nm diameter Cd, In and Pb particles homogeneously distributed throughout an Al matrix. Cd particles exhibit an orientation relationship with the Al matrix which can be described as {111}Al//{0001}Cd and andlt;110andgt;Al//andlt;112and#773;0andgt;Cd, and In and Pb particles exhibit a near cube-cube and cube-cube orientation relationship with the Al matrix respectively. Cd, In and Pb particles embedded in the Al matrix exhibit distorted truncated octahedral or truncated octahedral shapes surrounded by {111}Al and {100}Al facets. The solid Al-solid Cd, solid Al-solid In surface energy anisotropies are constant over the temperature range between room temperature and Cd and In melting points respectively. The solid Al-liquid Cd and solid Al-liquid In surface energy anisotropies decrease with increasing temperature above Cd and In melting points. Solidification of Cd, In, Pb particles embedded in an Al matrix is nucleated catalytically by the surrounding Al matrix on the {111}Al faceted surfaces with an undercooling of 56, 13 and 22K and a contact angle of 42°, 27° and 21° for Cd, In and Pb particles respectively. Addition of Mg to Cd particles embedded in Al increases the lattice disregistry across the nucleating plane, but decreases the undercooling before the onset of Cd(Mg) particle solidification. Addition of Ge to Al decreases the lattice disregistry across the nucleating plane, but increases the undercooling before the onset of Pb particle solidification embedded in the Al(Ge) matrix. These results indicate that chemical interactions dominate over structural factors in determining the catalytic efficiency of nucleation solification in Al-Cd-Mg and Al-Pb-Ge alloys. Contact between Si precipitates and Pb particles embedded in an Al matrix decreases the undercooling before the onset of Pb particle solidification. The equilibrium melting point of Cd particle in the melt spun Al-Cd alloy is depressed because of capillarity, and the depression of equilibrium melting point increases with decreasing particle size. In the melt spun Al-In and Al-Pb alloys, however, most of the In and Pb particles embedded within the Al matrix grains are superheated, and the superheating increases with decreasing particle size. The heterogeneous nucleation temperature for Si solidification by Al depends sensitively on the purity of the Al. Na and Sr additions have different effects on the Si nucleation temperatures. With an Al purity of 99.995%, Na addition increases the Si nucleation temperature, while Sr addition does not affect or decreases the Si nucleation undercooling, depending on the amount of Sr addition. The solidified microstructure of liquid Al-Si eutectic droplets embedded in an Al matrix is affected by the Si nucleation undercooling. With low Si nucleation undercooling, each Al-Si eutectic liquid droplet solidifies to form one faceted Si particle, however, with high Si nucleation undercooling, each Al-Si eutectic liquid droplet solidifies to form a large number of non-faceted Si particles embedded in Al.
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Argo, Donald. "Microstructural transitions in directionally solidified graphitic cast irons." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65926.

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3

Dias, Antonio Carlos Pires. "Solidificação de ligas euteticas livres de Pb para soldagem : parametros termicos e microestrutura." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264429.

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Orientadores: Amauri Garcia, Noe Cheung
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: As ligas de solda à base de estanho apresentam excelente fluidez e temperaturas de trabalho ideais para a união de componentes eletrônicos. A solda com ligas do sistema estanho chumbo é a mais comum para soldas em eletrônica. Entretanto, há muitas preocupações com o uso do chumbo, devido aos diversos efeitos adversos na saúde humana e contaminação do meio ambiente. Por essas razões, na maioria dos países o chumbo já é condenado e proibido de ser incorporado em diversos produtos. Neste sentido, a indústria eletrônica está de olho em soldas livres de chumbo que possam substituir a clássica solda estanho-chumbo. É objetivo deste trabalho analisar a solidificação de ligas eutéticas dos sistemas Sn-Ag e Sn-Cu, que são duas ligas com potencial de substituição. Foram desenvolvidos experimentos para determinar a influência do acabamento superficial da chapa molde nos parâmetros térmicos de solidificação durante a solidificação direcional ascendente em regime transitório de extração de calor de ligas eutéticas Sn-Pb, Sn-Cu e Sn-Ag. Foram utilizados dois tipos de acabamentos superficiais na chapa molde: lixado e ranhurado, para investigar as condições de afinidade metal/substrato. Foi desenvolvida uma abordagem teórico-experimental para determinar quantitativamente as variáveis térmicas, tais como: coeficiente de transferência de calor global (hg) e velocidade de deslocamento da frente de solidificação. As micro estruturas de solidificação foram caracterizadas e os espaçamentos dendríticos secundários (?2) foram medidos na direção longitudinal dos lingotes, e correlacionados com as variáveis térmicas que atuaram durante a solidificação.
Abstract: Tin based alloys for welding applications have excellent fluidity and adequate temperature working range to join electronic components. The most used tin alloys for welding is the eutectic Sn-Pb alloy. However, there are some concerns about lead, due to hazardous effects to health and to environment. Due to theses reasons, many countries condemn and prohibit the use of lead in several products. In this sense, the electronic industries are looking for lead-free solder alloys with a view to replace the traditional Sn-Pb eutectic alloy. The aim of this work is to analyze the solidification of Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu eutectic alloys which are potential alloys candidates to replace the eutectic Sn-Pb alloy. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the mold wall roughness on the thermal solidification parameters during the upward unsteady-state directional solidification of eutectic Sn-Pb, Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag alloys. Two different kinds of surface mold finishing, sanded and grooved, were used in order to analyze metal/substrate affinity. A combined theoretical and experimental approach has been used to quantitatively determine such thermal variables, i.e., transient global heat transfer coefficient (hg) and solidification growth rates. The microstructures have been characterized and the secondary (?2) dendrite arm spacings were measured along the castings length and correlated to transient solidification thermal variables.
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Cante, Manuel Venceslau. "Solidificação transitoria, microestrutura e propriedades de ligas Al-Ni." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265081.

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Orientador: Amauri Garcia
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento de microestruturas otimizadas durante o processo de solidificação são de fundamental importância nas propriedades e desempenho de produtos acabados baseados em ligas metálicas. Neste estudo é analisada a cinética envolvida no processo de solidificação, seus efeitos nos parâmetros macro e microestruturais e a sua conseqüente influência nas propriedades mecânicas. Com esse intuito, ligas hipoeutéticas do sistema binário são estudadas Al-Ni por meio de experimentos de solidificação vertical ascendente sob regime transitório de condução de calor. Os espaçamentos dendríticos primários (?1) e secundários(?2) foram medidos ao longo de todos os lingotes para cada uma das ligas analisadas e correlacionados com as variáveis térmicas de solidificação. Uma abordagem teórico-experimental é utilizada na determinação quantitativa de tais variáveis térmicas: coeficiente de transferência de calor na interface metal/molde, velocidade de deslocamento da isoterma liquidus, gradientes térmicos, taxa de resfriamento e tempo local de solidificação. Os dados experimentais referentes à solidificação das ligas são confrontados com os principais modelos teóricos de crescimento dendrítico da literatura. Este estudo aborda, também, a influência do teor de soluto nos espaçamentos dendríticos para as ligas estudadas. Do ponto de vista macroestrutural, verifica-se que a transição colunar/equiaxial (TCE) ocorre para ligas hipoeutéticas Al-Ni para uma taxa crítica de resfriamento de 0,16 K/s. Por ensaios de tração as propriedades mecânicas das ligas do sistema Al-Ni são correlacionadas com parâmetros da micro-estrutura dendrítica resultante do processo de solidificação. Verifica-se que os limites de escoamento e de resistência à tração crescem com o aumento da concentração de soluto e decrescem com o aumento dos espaçamentos dendríticos, ?1 e ?2. O alongamento específico, por outro lado, mostra-se independente da composição e do arranjo dendrítico. Para a liga Al-5%Ni foi também realizado um estudo de solidificação rápida por refusão da superfície a laser para análise das variações microestruturais e de dureza entre as áreas não tratadas e tratadas superficialmente.
Abstract: The development of optimized microstructures during the solidification stage of processing is of fundamental importance to the mechanical properties and to the performance of finished products of metallic alloys. In this study the kinetics of solidification and its effects on macro and microstructural parameters, as well as the consequent influence on the final mechanical properties are analyzed. Hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys are studied by upward unidirectional solidification experiments under transient heat flow conditions. Primary (?1) and secondary (?2) dendrite arm spacings are measured along the castings for all alloys analyzed and correlated with transient solidification thermal variables. A combined theoretical/ experimental approach is used to quantitatively determine such thermal variables, i.e., transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficients, tip growth rates, thermal gradients, tip cooling rates and local solidification time. The experimental data concerning the Al-Ni alloys solidification are compared to the main predictive dendritic models from the literature and the dependence of dendrite arm spacing on the alloy solute content is also analyzed. From the macrostructural point of view, it is found that the CET occurs for a critical value of cooling rate of about 0.16 K/s for hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys.With a view to correlate mechanical properties to dendrite arm spacings, tensile testings were carried out. It is found that the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength increase with increasing alloy solute content and with decreasing primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings. In contrast, the elongation is found to be independent of both alloy composition and dendritic arrangement. For the Al 5%Ni alloy a rapid solidification study is carried out by using laser surface remelting in order to permit microstructural and microhardness variations throughout the resulting treated and untreated zones, to be analysed.
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Chakraborty, Suman. "Studies On Momentum, Heat And Mass Transfer In Binary Alloy Solidification Processes." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/287.

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The primary focus of the present work is the development of macro-models for numerical simulation of binary alloy solidification processes, consistent with microscopic phase-change considerations, with a particular emphasis on capturing the effects of non-equilibrium species redistribution on overall macrosegregation behaviour. As a first step, a generalised macroscopic framework is developed for mathematical modelling of the process. The complete set of equivalent single-phase governing equations (mass, momentum, energy and species conservation) are solved following a pressure-based Finite Volume Method according to the SIMPLER algorithm. An algorithm is also developed for the prescription of the coupling between temperature and the melt-fraction. Based on the above unified approach of solidification modelling, a macroscopic numerical model is devised that is capable of capturing the interaction between the double-diffusive convective field and a localised fluid flow on account of solutal undercooling during non-equilibrium solidification of binary alloys. Numerical simulations are performed for the case of two-dimensional transient solidification of Pb-Sn alloys, and the simulation results are also compared with the corresponding experimental results quoted in the literature. It is observed that non-equilibrium effects on account of solutal undercooling result in an enhanced macrosegregation. Next, the model is extended to capture the effects of dendritic arm coarsening on the macroscopic transport phenomena occurring during a binary alloy solidification process. The numerical results are first tested against experimental results quoted in the literature, corresponding to the solidification of an Al-Cu alloy in a bottom-cooled cavity. It is concluded that dendritic arm coarsening leads to an increased effective permeability of the mushy region as well as an enhanced eutectic fraction of the solidified ingot. Consequently, an enhanced macrosegregation can be predicted as compared to that dictated by shrinkage-induced fluid flow alone. For an order-of-magnitude assessment of predictions from the numerical models, a systematic approach is subsequently developed for scaling analysis of momentum, heat and species conservation equations pertaining to the case of solidification of a binary mixture. A characteristic velocity scale inside the mushy region is derived, in terms of the morphological parameters of the two-phase region. A subsequent analysis of the energy equation results in an estimation of the solid layer thickness. It is also shown from scaling principles that non-equilibrium effects result in an enhanced macro-segregation compared to the case of an equilibrium model For the sake of assessment of the scaling analysis, the predictions are validated against computational results corresponding to the simulation of a full set of governing equations, thus confirming the trends suggested by the scale analysis. In order to analytically investigate certain limiting cases of unidirectional alloy solidification, a fully analytical solution technique is established for the solution of unidirectional, conduction-dominated, alloy solidification problems. The results are tested for the problem of solidification of an ammonium chloride-water solution, and are compared with those from existing analytical models as well as with the corresponding results from a fully numerical simulation. The effects of different microscopic models on solidification behaviour are illustrated, and transients in temperature and heat flux distribution are also analysed. An excellent agreement between the present solutions and results from the computational simulation can be observed. The generalised numerical model is subsequently utilised to investigate the effects of laminar double-diffusive Rayleigh-Benard convection on directional solidification of binary fluids, when cooled and solidified from the top. A series of experiments is also performed with ammonium chloride-water solutions of hypoeutectic and hypereutectic composition, so as to facilitate comparisons with numerical predictions. While excellent agreements can be obtained for the first case, the second case results in a peculiar situation, where crystals nucleated on the inner roof of the cavity start descending through the bulk fluid, and finally settle down at the bottom of the cavity in the form of a sedimented solid layer. An eutectic solidification front subsequently progresses from the top surface vertically downwards, and eventually meets the heap of solid crystals collected on the floor of the cavity. However, comparison of experimental observations with corresponding numerical results from the present model is not possible under this situation, since the associated transport process involves a complex combination of a number of closely interconnected physical mechanisms, many of which are yet to be resolved. Subsequent to the development of the mathematical model and experimental arrangements for macroscopic transport processes during an alloy solidification process, some of the important modes of double-diffusive instability are analytically investigated, as a binary alloy of any specified initial composition is directionally solidified from the top. By employing a close-formed solution technique, the critical liquid layer heights corresponding to the onset of direct mode of instability are identified, corresponding two a binary alloy with three different initial compositions. In order to simulate turbulent transport during non-equilibrium solidification processes of binary alloys, a modified k-8 model is subsequently developed. Particular emphasis is given for appropriate modelling of turbulence parameters, so that the model merges with single-phase turbulence closure equations in the pure liquid region in a smooth manner. Laboratory experiments are performed using an ammonium chloride-water solution that is solidified by cooling from the top of a rectangular cavity. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is observed. Finally, in order to study the effects of three-dimensionality in fluid flow on overall macrosegregation behaviour, the interaction between double-diffusive convection and non-equilibrium solidification of a binary mixture in a cubic enclosure (cooled from a side) is numerically investigated using a three-dimensional transient mathematical model. Investigations are carried out for two separate model systems, one corresponding to a typical metal-ally analogue system and other corresponding to an actual metal-alloy system. As a result of three-dimensional convective flow-patterns, a significant solute macrosegregation is observed in the transverse sections of the cavity, which cannot be captured by two-dimensional simulations.
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6

Chakraborty, Suman. "Studies On Momentum, Heat And Mass Transfer In Binary Alloy Solidification Processes." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/287.

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Abstract:
The primary focus of the present work is the development of macro-models for numerical simulation of binary alloy solidification processes, consistent with microscopic phase-change considerations, with a particular emphasis on capturing the effects of non-equilibrium species redistribution on overall macrosegregation behaviour. As a first step, a generalised macroscopic framework is developed for mathematical modelling of the process. The complete set of equivalent single-phase governing equations (mass, momentum, energy and species conservation) are solved following a pressure-based Finite Volume Method according to the SIMPLER algorithm. An algorithm is also developed for the prescription of the coupling between temperature and the melt-fraction. Based on the above unified approach of solidification modelling, a macroscopic numerical model is devised that is capable of capturing the interaction between the double-diffusive convective field and a localised fluid flow on account of solutal undercooling during non-equilibrium solidification of binary alloys. Numerical simulations are performed for the case of two-dimensional transient solidification of Pb-Sn alloys, and the simulation results are also compared with the corresponding experimental results quoted in the literature. It is observed that non-equilibrium effects on account of solutal undercooling result in an enhanced macrosegregation. Next, the model is extended to capture the effects of dendritic arm coarsening on the macroscopic transport phenomena occurring during a binary alloy solidification process. The numerical results are first tested against experimental results quoted in the literature, corresponding to the solidification of an Al-Cu alloy in a bottom-cooled cavity. It is concluded that dendritic arm coarsening leads to an increased effective permeability of the mushy region as well as an enhanced eutectic fraction of the solidified ingot. Consequently, an enhanced macrosegregation can be predicted as compared to that dictated by shrinkage-induced fluid flow alone. For an order-of-magnitude assessment of predictions from the numerical models, a systematic approach is subsequently developed for scaling analysis of momentum, heat and species conservation equations pertaining to the case of solidification of a binary mixture. A characteristic velocity scale inside the mushy region is derived, in terms of the morphological parameters of the two-phase region. A subsequent analysis of the energy equation results in an estimation of the solid layer thickness. It is also shown from scaling principles that non-equilibrium effects result in an enhanced macro-segregation compared to the case of an equilibrium model For the sake of assessment of the scaling analysis, the predictions are validated against computational results corresponding to the simulation of a full set of governing equations, thus confirming the trends suggested by the scale analysis. In order to analytically investigate certain limiting cases of unidirectional alloy solidification, a fully analytical solution technique is established for the solution of unidirectional, conduction-dominated, alloy solidification problems. The results are tested for the problem of solidification of an ammonium chloride-water solution, and are compared with those from existing analytical models as well as with the corresponding results from a fully numerical simulation. The effects of different microscopic models on solidification behaviour are illustrated, and transients in temperature and heat flux distribution are also analysed. An excellent agreement between the present solutions and results from the computational simulation can be observed. The generalised numerical model is subsequently utilised to investigate the effects of laminar double-diffusive Rayleigh-Benard convection on directional solidification of binary fluids, when cooled and solidified from the top. A series of experiments is also performed with ammonium chloride-water solutions of hypoeutectic and hypereutectic composition, so as to facilitate comparisons with numerical predictions. While excellent agreements can be obtained for the first case, the second case results in a peculiar situation, where crystals nucleated on the inner roof of the cavity start descending through the bulk fluid, and finally settle down at the bottom of the cavity in the form of a sedimented solid layer. An eutectic solidification front subsequently progresses from the top surface vertically downwards, and eventually meets the heap of solid crystals collected on the floor of the cavity. However, comparison of experimental observations with corresponding numerical results from the present model is not possible under this situation, since the associated transport process involves a complex combination of a number of closely interconnected physical mechanisms, many of which are yet to be resolved. Subsequent to the development of the mathematical model and experimental arrangements for macroscopic transport processes during an alloy solidification process, some of the important modes of double-diffusive instability are analytically investigated, as a binary alloy of any specified initial composition is directionally solidified from the top. By employing a close-formed solution technique, the critical liquid layer heights corresponding to the onset of direct mode of instability are identified, corresponding two a binary alloy with three different initial compositions. In order to simulate turbulent transport during non-equilibrium solidification processes of binary alloys, a modified k-8 model is subsequently developed. Particular emphasis is given for appropriate modelling of turbulence parameters, so that the model merges with single-phase turbulence closure equations in the pure liquid region in a smooth manner. Laboratory experiments are performed using an ammonium chloride-water solution that is solidified by cooling from the top of a rectangular cavity. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is observed. Finally, in order to study the effects of three-dimensionality in fluid flow on overall macrosegregation behaviour, the interaction between double-diffusive convection and non-equilibrium solidification of a binary mixture in a cubic enclosure (cooled from a side) is numerically investigated using a three-dimensional transient mathematical model. Investigations are carried out for two separate model systems, one corresponding to a typical metal-ally analogue system and other corresponding to an actual metal-alloy system. As a result of three-dimensional convective flow-patterns, a significant solute macrosegregation is observed in the transverse sections of the cavity, which cannot be captured by two-dimensional simulations.
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Bertelli, Felipe. "Simulação numérica e análise experimental do tratamento superficial por refusão a laser de uma liga Al-Fe." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264533.

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Orientadores: Amauri Garcia, Noé Cheung
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:32:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertelli_Felipe_M.pdf: 6382019 bytes, checksum: 7bc62ea83b7e721ef82e5669d236559f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Neste trabalho, o software ANSYS, baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos, é adaptado para a simulação tridimensional do fluxo de calor no processo de refusão superficial a laser. A análise numérica é validada com resultados simulados por outros modelos existentes na literatura para casos de refusão superficial a laser de alumínio puro e com resultados simulados e experimentais de uma liga Al-5%Ni. Ensaios experimentais próprios foram realizados em amostras de uma liga Al-1,5%Fe, utilizando um laser à fibra dopado com Itérbio, com potência máxima disponível de 2 kW. Para efeito comparativo, as trilhas foram feitas variando-se valores de velocidade de deslocamento do feixe laser para um mesmo valor de potência. Observou-se que a microestrutura tanto do substrato quanto da zona tratada apresentou morfologia tipicamente celular. As microestruturas resultantes dos tratamentos a laser foram analisadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, sendo observados espaçamentos celulares extremamente refinados na área tratada a laser refletindo no aumento significativo da dureza confirmado por ensaios de microdureza Vickers. Uma técnica de dissolução parcial das amostras tratadas a laser foi aplicada para evidenciar os intermetálicos no substrato e na região tratada a laser, mostrando a modificação da redistribuição dos intermetálicos no interior da poça fundida e dando indicações de aumento da resistência à corrosão na região tratada
Abstract: In this work, the software ANSYS, based on the Finite Element Method, is adapted to simulate the three-dimensional heat flux during the laser remelting surface treatment. The numerical analysis is validated against theoretical results furnished by other models from the literature for laser surface remelting of aluminum and against theoretical and experimental results of Al-5wt%Ni alloy samples. Laser remelting experiments with Al-1,5%wtFe samples have been carried out by using a 2kW Yb fiber laser. For comparative effects, the laser tracks were performed with different laser beam velocities for a fixed value of power. It was observed that both the substrate and the treated region had a typical cellular morphology. The microstructures resulting from the laser treatment were analyzed by using electron scanning microscopy and very refined cell spacing has been observed, which can induce a significant hardness increase confirmed by Vickers microhardness tests. A partial dissolution technique has been performed to foreground the intermetallics at the substrate and at the laser treated zone, showing the intermetallics redistribution inside the molten pool and giving indications of increased corrosion resistance on the treated region
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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8

Vitta, Satish. "Rapid solidification of metals and alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236058.

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Rapid solidification processing is widely used in industry, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present work, an effort is made to understand the effects of rapid heat extraction and large undercooling on the solidification sequence, in particular: (1) the transition from diffusion-limited growth to impingement-limited growth; and (2) crystal nucleation in deeply undercooled liquids. Rapid solidification can be achieved either by (1) rapid quenching, or (2) large undercooling. Accordingly, two different methods are used in the present work. They are, (a) nanosecond pulsed laser quenching, and (b) bulk undercooling in a liquid flux. Thin films prepared by d.c. magnetron getter sputtering have been used in pulsed laser quenching. Both pure metals (Fe, Zr, Ti, Co, Ge) and binary alloys (Nb-Ni, Ti-Co) prepared by this method are investigated. Alloys Fe40Ni40B20, Ni75Si8B17 and elemental Ge have been used in bulk undercooling. The metastable structures obtained are analysed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results obtained are discussed in terms of non-equilibrium crystal nucleation and growth processes.
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Feitosa, Leandro Moraes. "Solidification behaviour and microstructure evolution of refractory metals-based alloys under rapid solidification." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42889.

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In this thesis, the solidification behaviour and microstructure evolution of Ta-Al-Fe, Nb-Al-Co, Nb-Al-Fe, Ta-Al-Ti and Nb-Si-Ti alloys rapidly solidified via arc melting, suspended droplet alloying and additive manufacturing techniques were examined. Loss of interfacial equilibrium resulted in an extended solute solubility with significant undercooling due to nucleation constraints, leading to unexpected phases. For Ta-Al-Fe alloys, when Al < 10 at.% and Fe < 4 at.%, the peritectic reaction, L+A2 → σ, is suppressed and the eutectic, L → A2 + μ, occurs with formation of a halo of μ on primary σ phase. For Co-rich Nb-Al-Co alloys, when Nb > 20 at.%, the quasi-peritectic reaction, L+Co2AlNb → C36+CoAl does not occur, C36 and CoAl phases form through solid-state precipitation. A halo of C14 forms on primary CoAl but limited vice-versa. In Nb-Al-Fe alloys, failure to initiate coupled growth of NbAl3+C14 leads to a two-phase halo of C14+Nb2Al. The quasi-peritectic reaction, L+Nb2Al → (Nb)+μ is suppressed, forming the eutectic Nb2Al+μ instead. The ternary eutectic, L+C14+Nb2Al → μ, is limited with μ forming primarily. For Ti-Al-Ta alloys, the quasi-peritectic reactions, L+β → α+σ and L+σ → α+κ, occur at a very narrow window; good agreement for γ and ε phases is found with non-equilibrium formation of ε. For additive manufactured Nb-Si-Ti alloys, an increase in scanning speed led to microstructure refinement. Due to elemental additions, Nb3Si is suppressed with formation of Nbss+Nb5Si3. C15 Laves phase formed when Cr > 5 at.%, with HfO2 when Hf is added. For Ti > 22 at.% and SI > 18 at.%, a Ti-rich Nb5Si3 forms due to rejection of Ti solute. Hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment led to crystal structure changes, densification and phase coarsening. Diffusion and local super-saturation led to the split of Nbss into an energetically stable and homogeneous Tiss phase.
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Kumta, Prashant Nagesh 1960. "RAPID SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSING OF INDIUM GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE ALLOYS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276468.

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Solidification from the melt is an essential step in nearly all conventional processes to produce bulk materials for industrial applications. Rapid quenching from the liquid state at cooling rates of 102 to 106K/s or higher has developed into a new technology for processing novel materials. InxGa1 - xSb a ternary III-V compound semiconductor was synthesized by using the rapid spinning cup (RSC) technique. Several compositions of these alloys were batched and cast into ingots in evacuated sealed quartz tubes. These ingots were then melted and ejected onto a rapidly rotating copper disk. This resulted in the generation of flakes or powders depending on the rpm of the disk. Microstructural characterization of the flakes and powders was performed using XRD, SEM and TEM. Efforts were also made to measure the bulk resistivity of the annealed flakes to see the effect of annealing on ordering of the phases.
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Books on the topic "Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing"

1

Conference on Solidification Processing (4th 1997 University of Sheffield). Solidification processing 1997. Sheffield: Dept. of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The volume change during solidification. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Merton, C. Flemings Symposium on Solidification and Materials Processing (2000 Cambridge Mass ). Proceedings of the Merton C. Flemings Symposium on Solidification and Materials Processing. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 2001.

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Rapid solidification technology for reduced consumption of strategic materials. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1985.

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A, Otooni Monde, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing (1994 : New York, NY), eds. Science and technology of rapid solidification and processing. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

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Tekkō Kiso Kyōdō Kenkyūkai. Tekkō no Kyūsoku Gyōko Bukai. Kyūsoku gyōko purosesu no kiso to ōyō: Tekkō no Kyūsoku Gyōko Bukai hōkokusho = Science and technology of rapid solidification. Tōkyō: Nihon Tekkō Kyōkai, 1989.

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A, Vasilʹev V., and Mitin Boris Sergeevich, eds. Vysokoskorostnoe zatverdevanie razplava: Teorii͡a︡, tekhnologii͡a︡ i materialy. Moskva: "SP Intermet Inzhiniring", 1998.

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1936-, Tewari S. N., and Lewis Research Center, eds. Primary arm spacing in directionally solidified Pb-10 wt % Sn alloys. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1990.

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Tewari, S. N. Primary arm spacing in chill block melt spun Ni-Mo alloys. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Inc, Technical Insights, ed. Rapid solidification technology: Key to new metals, alloys, ceramics. Englewood/Fort Lee, NJ: Technical Insights, Inc., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing"

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Grant, P. S., Y. Y. Zhao, J. H. Li, M. L. Jenkins, and B. Cantor. "Spray Processing of Ti Metal Matrix Composites." In Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing, 109–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0223-0_7.

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Srivatsan, T. S., T. S. Sudarshan, and E. J. Lavernia. "Rapid Solidification Processing of Discontinuously-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites." In Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing, 227–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0223-0_18.

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Zhang, J. S., W. J. Zhang, and G. L. Chen. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys and Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) Processed by the Spray Forming Technique." In Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing, 135–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0223-0_9.

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Glicksman, Martin Eden. "Rapid Solidification Processing." In Principles of Solidification, 427–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7344-3_17.

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Poirier, D. R., and G. H. Geiger. "Solidification of Metals." In Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing, 329–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48090-9_10.

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Grant, N. J., H. Jones, and E. J. Lavernia. "Synthesis and Processing." In Elements of Rapid Solidification, 23–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45755-5_2.

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Poirier, E. J., and D. R. Poirier. "Solidification of Metals." In Solutions Manual To accompany Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing, 189–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65130-9_10.

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Guo, Yuanyi, Ke Xie, Wenbin Xia, Shichao Zhao, Changjiang Song, and Qijie Zhai. "Solidification Characteristics of Fe-Mn Alloy during Near-Rapid Solidification." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 127–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch14.

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Liu, Y. L., L. Zhang, Y. H. Zhao, J. J. Wang, and C. Z. Liu. "The Near-Rapid Solidification Behavior of AA1070 Aluminum Alloy." In Light Metals 2014, 981–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch163.

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Liu, Y. L., L. Zhang, Y. H. Zhao, J. J. Wang, and C. Z. Liu. "The Near-Rapid Solidification Behavior of AA1070 Aluminum Alloy." In Light Metals 2014, 981–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_163.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing"

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Wang, Pengtao, Hongwei Sun, Peter Y. Wong, Hiroki Fukuda, and Teiichi Ando. "Modeling of Droplet-Based Processing for the Production of High-Performance Particulate Materials Using Level Set Method." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68014.

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This research is focused on a numerical investigation of dynamic and thermal processes of single droplet in the uniform droplet spray (UDS) process. The level set method (LSM) is used to assist in tracking the liquid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces during droplet’s impingement and solidification. UDS process generates mono-size droplets of desired diameter, permits stringent control of the thermal state of the droplet, and produces deposits and materials with distinctly different microstructures including Icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase) in the Mg-Zn-Y system. The conservative level set function, combined with the Navier-Stokes and energy equations have been adopted to study the deformation and heat transfer of liquid metal droplet when impacting on the substrate under supercooling condition. The effects of surface tension and contact angle on droplet’s deformation are taken into consideration. The developed simulation technique is validated both analytically and experimentally. A rapid solidification model has been integrated with LSM to simulate the rapid solidification within the deformed Mg-Zn-Y droplet predicted in the former model. It is found that the initial temperature fields and latent heat releasing during solidification have significant impact on the solidification process.
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Thoma, D. J., G. K. Lewis, J. O. Milewski, and R. B. Nemec. "Free-Form Processing of Near-Net Shapes Using Directed Light Fabrication." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1205.

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Abstract Directed light fabrication (DLF) is a rapid fabrication process that fuses gas delivered metal powders within a focal zone of a laser beam to produce fully dense, near-net shape, 3D metal components from a computer generated solid model. Computer controls dictate the metal deposition pathways, and no preforms or molds are required to generate complex sample geometries with accurate and precise tolerances. The DLF technique offers unique advantages over conventional thermomechanical processes or thermal spray processes in that many labor and equipment intensive steps can be avoided to produce components with fully dense microstructures. Moreover, owing to the flexibility in power distributions of lasers, a variety of materials have been processed, ranging from aluminum alloys to tungsten, and including intermetallics such as M05Si3. Since DLF processing offers unique capabilities and advantages for the rapid fabrication of complex metal components, an examination of the microstructural development hhas been performed in order to define and optimize the processed materials. Solidification studies of DLF processing have demonstrated that a continuous liquid/solid interface is maintained while achieving high constant cooling rates that can be varied between 10 to 105 Ks-1 and solidification growth rates ranging up to 10-2 ms-1.
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Mun, Jiwon, Jaehyung Ju, Byoung-Gwan Yun, Byung-Moon Chang, and Doo-Man Kim. "A Numerical Study of a Molten Aluminum for Investment Casting of 3D Cellular Metals." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62847.

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Investment casting processes are influenced by a variety of parameters. Many researches considering viscosity as a constant have been conducted up to this point. In particular, however, viscosity with temperature change has not been much accounted for solidification and heat transfer simulation of molten metal in the investment casting process. In addition, analysis of behavior of metal flow as well as air gap problems for complex network structures have not been investigated much. The aim of this study is to build transient metal flow and velocity profile models considering temperature dependent viscosity in investment casting processes of cellular structures. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling tool was used for metal flow and velocity profile in investment casting processing using User Defined Function (UDF) for temperature dependent viscosity. The results of the metal flow and velocity profile inside of the simple cylindrical geometry are represented. It is shown that for the validation of the numerical simulation, the velocity profile between analytical and numerical approaches showed very good agreement. Analytical approaches showed that velocity was reduced with the increase in viscosity, which is applied as a function of temperature. In particular, rapid decreasing in velocity was shown from under the melting temperature of the molten metal. There was no movement on metal flow at the room temperature. Numerical approaches showed that the liquid metal began to be solidified from the wall surface inside of the mold. For the same simulation time, it was shown that the metal flow in a cylinder that has 1mm diameter showed better fluidity rather than that of the cylinder that has 2mm diameter due to the increase in adhesion between liquid metal and the surface of the mold and surface tension between molten metal and air. The effective diameter by solidification is decreased with the time change.
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Sekulic, Dusan P. "A Heuristic Thermodynamic Interpretation of a Mechanism Responsible for the Selection of Solidification Microstructures." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39521.

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This paper offers a heuristic thermodynamic analysis of the selection of solidification microstructures formed during re-solidification of micro layers of molten metal driven by surface tension. This study explores empirical evidence obtained by performing a tightly controlled heating-dwell-cooling materials processing cycle that causes melting followed by re-solidification of micro layers of an Al + Si alloy in ultra high purity nitrogen. Identification of characteristic process parameters responsible for crystal pattern formation of the α-phase solid solution during associated rapid quench is discussed. The focus of the inquiry is ultimately directed toward solid solution dendrites population morphology. A transition from a scarce (even single or non existent) dendrite formation toward chaotically distributed α-phase dendrites imbedded in two-phase eutectic is identified. A heuristic approach has been established to interpret alpha phase dendrite pattern formation during solidification phenomena driven by entropy generation at the liquid-solid interfaces.
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Amano, R. S., J. Xie, E. K. Lee, and P. K. Rohatgi. "CFD Simulation and Experimental Validation of Solidification of Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) in the Presence of Cooled Fibers." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60290.

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A new experimental configuration for the casting of metal matrix composites (MMCs) using Al-4.5 wt pct Cu have been used to obtain finer microstructures around the fiber reinforcement. The new configuration allows the fibers to be extended out the mold and cooled by a heat sink. By doing so, the solidification can be made more rapid, and more primary alpha-aluminum phase can be formed on the surface of the fibers. It is believed that this can lead to improvement in the properties of the composite. CFD simulation of the solidification of Al-4.5 wt pct Cu in the casting process has been carried out by using commercial CFD code. Parametric studies on the effects of different processing parameters on solidification time have been simulated using the CFD code. These parameters include, but are not limited to, the pouring temperature of the liquid melt, sink temperature, fiber length extended out of the mold, the mold initial temperature, fiber conductivity, applied pressure, and fiber bundle diameter. Selected simulation results are compared with the available experimental data obtained from the UWM Center for Composites.
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Lyon, P., J. F. King, and G. A. Fowler. "Developments in Magnesium Based Materials and Processes." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-015.

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Recent developments in Magnesium alloys, processing techniques and corrosion protection schemes are reviewed. The casting alloy WE43 is detailed, data being presented which shows that it compares favourably with Aluminium based casting alloys on a strength to weight basis. In addition its intrinsic corrosion characteristics are shown to be similar to those of Aluminium base alloys. A counter - gravity casting process, specifically designed to make higher quality, thin-walled Magnesium alloy components is described together with property data indicating the improvements obtained. Also discussed are the ongoing developments in Metal Matrix Composites and Rapid Solidification technologies, showing the benefits offered by these processing routes. Finally current corrosion protection schemes are reviewed and their overall cost effectiveness discussed.
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Qi, Huan, and Jyotirmoy Mazumder. "Laser Cladding Based Solid Freeform Fabrication and Direct Metal Deposition." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21009.

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Three-dimensional additive manufacturing or solid freeform fabrication (SFF) techniques, originated in the rapid fabrication of non-functional physical prototypes in polymers (Rapid Prototyping), have matured to the manufacture of functional prototypes, short-run production products, and now even advanced engineering designs. Laser-based material deposition or laser cladding has been used as a SFF technique, in which a laser beam is used as a precise high-energy thermal source to melt preplaced or pneumatically delivered metal powders and make solidified deposits on a substrate. By using laser cladding techniques, three-dimensional fully dense components can be built line-by-line and layer-by-layer directly from a CAD model with tailored material properties. Laser cladding is essentially a fusion and solidification (thermal) process, which involves complicated interactions between the laser beam, metal powders, the base material (substrate), and processing gases. Maintaining a stable and uniform melt pool during laser cladding is critical to produce dimensional accuracy and material integrity. An effective control of energy (laser power) spatial and temporal distributions in either an open-loop or closed-loop laser cladding process is essential to achieve the high quality results. This paper reviews, from a laser-material interaction point of view, various laser cladding based SFF processes, and particularly the direct metal deposition technique.
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Patel, Mehul V. "Simulations of Rapid Pressure-Induced Solidification in Molten Metals." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1780239.

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David, S. A., and J. M. Vitek. "Rapid solidification effects during laser welding." In ICALEO® ‘91: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Symposium. Laser Institute of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058459.

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Simidzu, Hiroyuki, Seiji Katayama, and Akira Mastunawa. "Laser rapid solidification microstructure of single crystal aluminum alloys." In ICALEO® ‘90: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058392.

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Reports on the topic "Metals - Rapid Solidification Processing"

1

Boettinger, W. J., J. W. Cahn, S. R. Coriell, J. R. Manning, and R. J. Schaefer. Application of Solidification Theory to Rapid Solidification Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada151251.

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Fraser, Hamish L. Rapid Solidification Processing and Powder Metallurgy of Al Alloys. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174553.

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Flinn, J. E. Rapid solidification processing of iron-base alloys for structural applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6199198.

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Flinn, J. E. Superior metallic alloys through rapid solidification processing (RSP) by design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105115.

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Aziz, M. J. Measurements of crystal growth kinetics at extreme deviations from equilibrium. [Rapid solidification processing]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6585447.

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Flinn, J. E., J. C. Bae, and T. F. Kelly. High-temperature microstructural stability in iron- and nickel-base alloys from rapid solidification processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6114332.

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Anderson, I. E., V. K. Pecharsky, J. Ting, C. Witham, and R. C. Bowman. Benefits of rapid solidification processing of modified LaNi{sub 5} alloys by high pressure gas atomization for battery applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/348929.

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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.

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Abstract:
Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.
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