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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metalworking and machine industries'
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1
Barat, Kathleen Smith. "Transition in a mature regional economy; a case study of the machine trades action project and the metalworking industries of Franklin County, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71387.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies, 1986.M.I.T. copy lacks leaf 4. Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, June 1986: Transition in regional economic development strategies : a study of the machine trades action project and the metalworking industries of Franklin County.
Bibliography: leaves 76-77.
by Kathleen Smith Barat.
M.C.P.
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Winch, Graham. "The implementation of CAD/CAM systems in the metalworking industries." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3718/.
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This thesis reports on a case survey of 15 UK metalworking companies and their experience of implementing an integrating technology - CAD/CAM. The thesis places this process of implementation in the organisational context of these companies by examining the ways in which the engineering/manufacturing interface is coordinated. This interface is important, because it is also critical to the effective implementation of such techniques as total quality management and simultaneous engineering. In order to develop an incisive analysis of these companies, a contingency approach to organisational analysis is developed around the idea of flows of information and materials and their interaction with the structure of the organisation in a process of structuration. This analysis is placed in the strategic context of the organisations' relationships to their environment through the notion of a production strategy. Models of the process of implementation are then reviewed, and a recursive model of implementation as organisational changing is developed which emphasises the processes of organisational learning. The management of the engineering design process has been little examined, in comparison to the management of manufacturing, and research and development. This thesis develops an analysis of the management of the entire production process from the conception of the product right through to its delivery to the customer in these 15 firms. It then goes on to examine the recent organisational changes in the engineering and manufacturing functions before examining the implementation process in detail. Finally, the basis of organisational integration from both a technological and organisational perspective is analysed, which provides the basis for some more general propositions on the development of production management over the next decade.
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Vernet, Antoine. "Les disciplines de l'industrie : le patronat métallurgique et la formation organisée des travailleurs dans la région de Saint-Etienne (1865-1954)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2122.
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La formation des travailleurs présente, à l’intersection des politiques publiques et de l’action privée, un objet potentiellement conflictuel. Le développement d’une offre différenciée s’est appuyé sur la détermination d’objectifs négociés. Les modalités de la préparation au travail divergent selon les branches professionnelles et les conceptions patronales des savoirs nécessaires à la production industrielle à à son organisation. L’offre publique et l’offre privée se sont tantôt opposées, tantôt complétées afin de répondre à l’ensemble des besoins en compétences. Le cas des industries métallurgiques et mécaniques de la région de Saint-Étienne, permet d’étudier les motivations et rapports de forces à l’œuvre. Depuis le Second Empire, l’offre de formation ne cesse de se développer. La pérennité de ces réalisations se révèle au départ fragile, par sa dépendance à l’initiative municipale ou à l’action collective privée. L’œuvre scolaire de la Troisième République modifie la donne. Le développement à partir de 1879 d’une offre municipale d’enseignement technique suscite la réaction du clan clérical, soutenu par les bourgeoisies catholiques locales. L’évolution de ces deux offres s’explique par une différence importante dans les objectifs de ces formations scolaires, entre, d’une part, savoirs scientifiques et techniques et, d’autre part, objectifs moraux et hiérarchiques. À travers les différentes stratégies patronales à l’œuvre, entre externalisation et intégration de la fonction formation, la préparation d’une élite ouvrière tend à placer la question de l’autorité au cœur du dispositif. Avec le début du XXe siècle, l’institutionnalisation des cours professionnels comme support de l’apprentissage ouvrier s’inscrit dans la continuité de la scolarisation des décennies précédentes. La montée de la conflictualité ouvrière, l’évolution des techniques de production et de leur organisation donnent une importance nouvelle aux compétences scientifiques et techniques. Le patronat, soucieux de ses prérogatives dans le domaine des relations sociales, tente de limiter l’intervention de l’État. La taxe d’apprentissage est un exemple remarquable. L’offre de formation ouvrière, publique comme privée, est confortée dans ses fonctions par le patronat métallurgique. Les innovations demeurent faibles jusqu’au développement difficile des formations professionnelles accélérées à la fin des années 1930. La Seconde Guerre mondiale confirme l’intérêt des employeurs pour des filières de formation moins engoncées dans les normes de l’Éducation nationale. L’étatisation de l’apprentissage ouvrier traduit enfin, après la Libération, le ralliement du patronat métallurgique à la forme scolaireVocational education and training presented a potentially conflicting object crossing the lines of public policies and private action. The development of a differentiated supply was based on the negociated determination of skills. The modalities of VET diverged according to professional branches. They followed different conceptions, related to the knowledge required by the industrial production and organization. Public and private VET supplies were sometimes opposed, sometimes supplemented in order to meet all needs. The case of metallurgical, metalworking and machine-building industries of the region of Saint-Étienne allows us to study the motivations and the balance of forces. Since the Second Empire, the supply for vocational training growed. The sustainability of these achievements was initially fragile. They depended on municipal initiative or private organization. The vocational schools founded during the early times of the Third Republic changed the outcome. The development of a municipal supply aroused the reaction of the clerical side, supported by local catholic bourgeoisies. The evolution of these paths was due to a significant difference in the objectives of theses courses. On one hand, VET was considered as a mean for the diffusion and scientific and technical knowledge. On the other hand, it was used as a way to diffuse moral and hierarchical principles. Through the various strategies at work, from outsourcing to integration, the training of a workers elite tended to place the question of authority at the heart of VET organization. With the beginning of the twentieth century, the initiated schooling process drove to the institutionalization of vocational courses, as a support for apprenticeship. The rise of workers’ conflictuality, the evolution of production et organization renewed the role to scientific and technical skills. Employers, willing to reinforce their leadership in the field of industrial relations, tried to limit the intervention of the state within VET. The apprenticeship levy was a remarkable example of such a resistance. The supply of workers training, both public and private, was reinforced in its functions by the metalworking employers. Institutional innovations remained weak until the tough developpement of accelerated vocational training in the late 1930s. The Second World War confirmed the interest of metalworking employers for a traning organization less squeezed into the standards of the ministry of National Education. Finally, after the Libération, the stateization of workers apprenticeship brought about the rallying of businesses to the schooling form
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Poston, David. "The development of rural manufacturing industry in Central Africa : with special reference to metalworking." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2469/.
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In this thesis I argue that rural industry is a critical element in the development of poor African countries, and that its virtue has been recognised by a growing number of interventions in recent years. Particular benefits of rural industrialisation are the support of agriculture, improved availability of consumer items and repair services within the rural community, the generation of rural income and a contribution to the development of the national technology base. However, in spite of the attention this sector has received, there has so far been little evidence of rural industry thriving. The general failure of rural industry to develop indicates that either it is inherently unviable in a modern context or that the interventions concerned with it have been recurrently faulty. I contend that, while the degree to which rural industry may thrive depends upon the level of formal industrial activity in the country, it is essentially viable but that where interventions have taken place they have usually been inappropriate. The bulk of this thesis therefore examines what interventions would be appropriate to encourage this sector. I show that two conditions are essential. Firstly that interventions must take as their point of departure the existing context and practice of rural artisans, for example, training should take place within their normal working environment, depending only upon the resources to which they normally have access or to which they gain access by means of the training. Secondly that the target group for any intervention must have a significant degree of control over it. Innovation is argued to be a key determinant of sustainability. The significance of confidence and its contribution to innovation are established, identifying the crucial nature of innovation itself within the artisanal context. Rural manufacturing industry is unlikely to thrive unless conditioning and circumstances encourage artisanal practitioners to innovate. I examine the factors that encourage or inhibit innovation, particularly attitudes towards existing practices and the perceptions of external agents. As well as examining in depth specific factors such as innovation and the control of interventions, the thesis reviews all the resources required by rural industry in order to thrive and demonstrates the importance of a balance between them. However it is argued that skill development is the field in which external agencies can most usefully assist informal sector, rural industry and that the results of interventions must be capable of autonomous propagation if they are to have any significance.
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Omrane, Fatma. "Human health risk assessment of occupational exposure to trace metallic elements mixtures in metalworking industries in the Sfax metropolis (Tunisia)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0097/document.
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Les éléments trace métalliques (ETM) sont des polluants qui sont sources de préoccupations majeures à cause de leurs toxicités et de leurs propriétés cumulatives. Certains d’eux peuvent être cancérogènes. La métropole de Sfax, située au sud de la Tunisie, a été touchée par des rejets et émissions d’ETM depuis des décennies. Plusieurs études ont confirmé que la pollution métallique est principalement d’origine anthropique, liée en particulier aux activités industrielles. Cela présente un risque sur la santé des habitants, particulièrement pour ceux qui sont également exposés par leur métier dans des procédés industriels. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les risques sanitaires associés à l’exposition professionnelle dans les industries qui manipulent des ETM dans leurs processus de production, en suivant l’approche de l’évaluation des risques sanitaires. Dans ce but, cinq entreprises qui utilisent des métaux comme matière première pour produire une variété de produits métalliques, ont accepté d’adhérer à notre étude. Les métaux qui étaient explorés sont Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Des modèles mathématiques de prédiction des expositions professionnelles aux agents chimiques ont été utilisés pour estimer les concentrations des ETM dans l’air intérieur pour 15 postes différents. Des prélèvements atmosphériques ont été effectués afin de comparer les concentrations prédites à celles mesurées, en utilisant des prélèvements individuels ou sur postes fixes. Finalement, des prélèvements urinaires ont été collectés chez 61 travailleurs afin d’évaluer le lien entre l’excrétion des ETM et les niveaux atmosphériques. Globalement, les estimations des concentrations atmosphériques avaient une bonne concordance avec les valeurs mesurées sur l’ensemble des postes de travail. Des meilleures prédictions ont été trouvées pour certaines activités, en particulier pour des processus de découpage des tôles et de soudures. Les valeurs qui correspondent au 90ème percentile de la distribution de l’exposition ont été utilisées pour le calcul du « interaction-based hazard index HIint » pour évaluer les risques associés aux mélanges d’ETM. Un excès de risque total de cancer a été aussi calculé. Les résultats ont montré des expositions élevées qui peuvent provoquer des pathologies respiratoires, avec un HIint allant jusqu’à 93,6. Les niveaux les plus élevés sont attribués à la soudure à l'arc à l'électrode enrobée et au débitage et cisaillage des tôles. Ces risques augmentent à cause de l’effet synergique qui existe entre Cr, Ni et Cu. Des risques élevés de cancer du poumon et du rein ont été encore démontrés (risque total vie entière de cancer pour les ouvriers exposés : 3.7×10-4). Ce travail montre que les modèles mathématiques peuvent prédire correctement les niveaux d’exposition des ETM dans l’air intérieur pour plusieurs processus de la métallurgie. Ce résultat est intéressant pour aider les différents acteurs pour piloter de manière efficiente les systèmes de surveillance et la réduction des expositions dans ce secteur économique. Des progrès en matière d’hygiène industrielle sont nécessaires dans ce secteur industriel pour minimiser le risque sanitaire élevé auquel sont actuellement exposés les travailleurs concernésTrace metallic elements (TMEs) are pollutants of great concern even in trace amounts because of their toxicity and cumulative property. Some of them can be carcinogenic. The Sfax metropolis, located in the southern region of Tunisia, has been affected by releases of TMEs for decades. Several studies confirmed that this pollution is predominantly originated from anthropogenic sources, mainly from industrial activities. It represents a threat to the health of residents, particularly for those also exposed during occupational activities in industrial processes. The present study aims to assess health risks associated with occupational exposure in industries handling TMEs in their production processes, following the human health risk assessment approach. To this end, five companies using raw material containing TMEs to produce a variety of metallic products accepted to participate to the study. The metals that were investigated are Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Mathematical models for estimating occupational exposure to chemicals were used to predict indoor air TME exposure levels in 15 different job tasks. Air monitoring was conducted in order to compare the predicted workplace air concentrations versus the direct measured ones, using both workplace-fixed monitors and personal samplers. And finally, urine samples were collected from 61 workers to assess whether TMEs excretion correlate with job exposure levels. Globally, the predicted air estimates relate well with measured concentrations over the whole set of job tasks. Better predictions were found for certain activities, in particular for steel cutting and welding processes. The values that correspond to the 90th percentile of the exposure distribution were then used in the interaction-based hazard index HIint to assess health risks associated with the mixtures of TMEs. Total cancer risk was also investigated. Results showed high exposures for metals that may elicit respiratory conditions, with a HIint reaching 93.6, the highest levels being for the shielded metal arc welding and metal shearing and slitting tasks. The risk is enhanced by a synergetic effect between Cr, Ni and Cu. High risks of lung and kidney cancers were demonstrated (the predicted life-long total cancer risk for exposed workers is 3.7×10-4). This work shows that mathematical models can be accurate in predicting TME airborne exposure levels for several processes in the metallurgic industry, a result that is of interest to help the different stakeholders to monitor efficiently exposure surveillance and abatement. Progress in industrial hygiene is needed in this industrial sector to reduce the high level of health risks currently experienced by the metalworking workers
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Martello, Robert 1968. "Paul Revere's metallurgical ride : craft and proto-industry in early America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109637.
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Samuelsson, Peter. "Management of technology in the process industries: Matching market and machine." Doctoral thesis, KTH, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199705.
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The process industries span multiple industrial sectors and constitute a substantial part of the entire manufacturing industry. Since companies belonging to this family of industries are often very asset intensive, their ability to respond to changes is often limited in the short term. The adaptation of the capabilities of existing processes, and conversely finding products and market segments to match the production system capabilities, are an important part of product- and market development activities in the process industry. The importance to companies in the process industry of having a well-articulated manufacturing strategy congruent with the business strategy is second to none. However, to facilitate manufacturing strategy developments, it is essential to start with an improved characterization and understanding of the material transformation system. To that end an extensive set of variables was developed and related measures and scales were defined. The resulting configuration model, focusing on company generic process capabilities in the process industries, is to be regarded as a conceptual taxonomy and as a proposition available for further testing. The usability of the model was subsequently assessed using “mini-cases” in the forestry industry, where the respondents confirmed that the company’s overall strategy could benefit from this kind of platform as a possible avenue to follow. The model was deployed as an instrument in the profiling of company material transformation systems to facilitate the further development of companies' functional and business strategies. The use of company-generic production capabilities was studied in three case companies representing the mineral, food and steel industries. The model was found by the respondents to be usable as a knowledge platform to develop production strategies. In the final analysis of the research results, a new concept emerged called “production capability configuration": A process-industrial company’s alignment of its generic production capabilities in the areas of raw materials, process technology and products to improve the consistency among the variable elements that define operations and improve the congruence between operations and its environment. From the perspective of value creation and capture, firms must be able to manufacture products in a competitive cost structure within the framework of a proper business model. By using the configuration model, the relationship between manufacturing and innovation activities has been studied in the previously mentioned three case studies. In many cases the gap in capability appears as a limitation in the production system, requiring development efforts and sometimes investments to overcome. This is illustrated with two examples from the steel industry, where development efforts of the production system capabilities are initiated to better match the market demands. One example is the increase the volume- and product flexibility of an existing stainless steel melt shop, resulting in a proposed oblong Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) converter configuration that was subsequently verified using water modelling. The second example is from a carbon steel mill, where the target was to increase the raw material- and volume flexibility of another melt shop, by modifying the capabilities of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Enabling EAF technologies are further described and evaluated using operational data and engineering type of estimates.QC 20170116
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Olson, Kevin. "Set up reduction and standardization for computer numerical control pulley cell at West Industries, Inc." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998olsonk.pdf.
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Silber, Georg, Josef Fröhlich, and Manfred M. Fischer. "What Shapes Firm Networks? Cooperative Innovation in Austrian Machine-Tool and Cement Industries." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1993. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4201/1/WSG_DP_3193.pdf.
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Inter-organizational linkages, often referred to as network relationships, are considered to be of
increasing importance for the competitive performance of firms, industries and nations. Two
hypotheses about the conditions for the emergence of network relationships are derived from
the transaction cost approach and discussed in view of two case studies relying on a medium
sized machine-tool firm and a medium sized cement firm in Austria. The paper clearly
illustrates the necessity to go beyond the transaction cost approach and to take into account
factors such as strategic orientation, management skills and organizational issues. (authors' abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Smith, Robert John. "Real-time surface flaw detection for the leather and textile industries using machine vision techniques." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308520.
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Alves, do Nascimento Neto José. "Proposition de stratégies pour l'assistance des opérateurs des systèmes électriques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30050.
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Les travaux de recherche présentés ici sont basés sur la prémisse que la conception des interfaces homme-machine de systèmes industriels a un fort impact sur l'erreur humaine. Ce travail propose un processus pour concevoir des startégies permettant de limiter voire d'empêcher les erreurs humaines lors d'opérations sur les systèmes industriels, basé sur des concepts extraits de la Méthode pour la conception d'Interfaces Humaines Ergonomiques (MCIE). Ce processus est construit sur la classification d'erreur à partir de l'exécution de tâches selon le modèle cognitif de l'opérateur et aboutit à la proposition de startégies. Le contexte de cetravail concerne l'opérabilité des systèmes de distribution de l'énergie électriqueThis research proposal is based on the premise that the design of the human interface component of industrial sytems has a strong impact on the human error. This work proposes a process to help conceive strategies to prevent the huma error during the operation of automated systems, based upon concepts extracted from the Method for the Conception of Ergonomic Human Interface (MCIE). This process is built on the error classification according to Rasmussen's task execution cognitive model and results in the proposal of strategies to prevent the error in the specific domain of electrical systems substation operation. This context of study follows a research thread already pursued by previous works in the group. The process must incorportae the method MCIE when designing human interfaces for the specific work context, making it more suitable to support the conception of interfaces for industrial automated systems. This text presents the process, the simulated environment used during the validation of the strategies, and the results of the validation process which was done with the participation of the operators of a real electric system substation
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Barker, David W. "Machine Tool Spare Parts Provisioning for Manufacturers: A Study and Application for Industries Engaged in Aluminum Cutting and Shaping." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331260/.
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This study identifies the concepts of reliability, cost of downtime, cost of spare parts, and procurement lead time as the four key moderators of spare parts availability. These concepts are used to establish a model to manage spare parts inventories. Reliability was assessed in terms of developing failure predictions for major component categories. Cost of downtime was evaluated by identifying various methods for determining costs associated with downtime. Cost of spare parts was examined to find correlations with economic indicators. These correlations were used to predict future price movements. Yearly changes in lead time were identified and correlated with economic indexes to develop movement predictability.
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Jönsson, Alexander, and Andreas Åberg. "Stokastisk modellering & hantering av maskinhaveri : En fallstudie på Gunnebo Industries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95919.
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Studien är utförd för att identifiera faktorer som påverkar materialflödet negativt i en tillverkningsindustri. På fallföretaget Gunnebo Industries observerades ett specifikt problemområde med fluktuationer som grundar sig i smidesmaskiners driftsäkerhet. Dessa skapar påföljder som försvårar materialhanteringen. Rapporten illustrerar sedan hur stokastisk modellering av maskinfel kan användas som ett indikationsverktyg. Resultatet påvisar en weibullfördelning för samtliga smidesmaskiner. Modellen kan användas för att finna potentiella förbättringsområden eller till och med för att utveckla implementerbara förbättringar. Den reflekterar över nuvarandetillstånd, likt värdeflödesanalys, men med fokus på maskiners pålitlighet. Dessutom diskuteras diverse faktorer som influerar modellen samt hur den i sin tur kan användas vid vidare forskning och analys.The thesis is conducted on the basis of identifying negatively influencing factors on the flow of material within a manufacturing environment. At Gunnebo Industries the case study revealed a specific problem with fluctuations caused by machine reliability. The report illustrates how stochastic modelling of machine failure can be utilized as a tool of indication. The model can be used to uncover potential refinements regarding production and maintenance. It reflects on current state, complemented by what is attainable. Similarly to value stream mapping, but by emphasizing machine reliability. Furthermore, a discussion is formed regarding various interesting factors influencing the model, and how it in turn can be used in further research and analysis.
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Teng, Sin Yong. "Intelligent Energy-Savings and Process Improvement Strategies in Energy-Intensive Industries." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433427.
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S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.
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Deneffle, Romain. "Définition d'une méthodologie d'allègement de structures sous contrainte de rigidité fonctionnelle, cas d'une machine-outil." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC022.
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En réponse à des contraintes écologiques et économiques de plus en plus forte dans l’industrie, la problématique de réduction et de maîtrise de la consommation énergétique est aujourd’hui prise en considération dans le domaine de la machine-outil. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Green HSM porté par l’entreprise PCI-SCEMM ayant pour but de réduire la consommation énergétique d’une machine-outil de 30%. L’étude s’est focalisée sur le thème spécifique de l’allègement de structure. L’objectif est de concevoir des structures de machines-outils avec des masses mobiles les plus faibles possibles tout en gardant une rigidité fonctionnelle.Deux méthodes d’allègement de structures sont proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse. La première présente une méthode d’optimisation de structure de machines-outils par analyse de contraintes. Cette méthode a permis un allègement de deux pièces principales de la structure de 6,5% et 9% pour une réduction globale de la consommation énergétique de 3%.Une autre méthode pour concevoir une structure de machines-outils plus légère utilisant l’optimisation topologique est proposée. La méthode s’appuie sur deux paramètres spécifiques : l’espace de conception et DISCRETE. Cette méthode est présentée dans l’optimisation d’un cas simple de poutre encastrée soumise à un effort de flexion et donne de bons résultats. L’utilisation de la méthode sur le chariot X d’une machine-outil met en évidence les limitations de l’optimisation topologique dans le cas d’étude de structures complexes et l’influence du choix de la solution initialeIn response to the increase of environmental and economic constraints in industry, the issue of reducing and controlling energy consumption is highlighted in machine tool context. This thesis is part of the Green HSM project carried out by the PCI-SCEMM company with the aim of reducing the energy consumption of a machine tool by 30%. The study focused on the specific topic of lightweight design. The objective is to design machine tool structures with the smallest mass while maintaining functional rigidity.Two methods of lightening structures are proposed in the framework of this thesis. The first one presents a method for optimizing the structure of machine tools by stress analysis. This method allows reducing the mass of two main parts of the structure of 6.5% and 9% for an overall reduction in energy consumption of 3%. Another method for designing a lighter machine structure using topological optimization is proposed. The method is based on two specific parameters: the space design and DISCRETE. This method is presented in the optimization of a simple case of embedded beam subjected to a bending effort and gives good results. The use of the method on the X-axis carriage of a machine tool highlights the limitations of topological optimization in the case of complex structure studies and the influence of the initial solution choice
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Marangé, Pascale. "Synthèse et filtrage robuste de la commande pour des systèmes manufacturiers sûrs de fonctionnement." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000826.pdf.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur la conception de la commande de systèmes manufacturiers par des automaticiens au niveau de compétence variable. L’utilisation de PO réelles, soulève des problèmes à la fois théoriques de validation et de vérification de la commande mais aussi de prise en compte du concepteur. Ces problèmes nécessitent une approche prenant en compte la composante humaine du SHM. Les contributions développées dans cette thèse portent sur l’adaptation et la sécurisation de l’installation. Concernant le premier point, il est mis en évidence l’importance pédagogique de travailler sur toute l’installation plutôt que sur une partie. Une approche méthodologique consiste à décomposer fonctionnellement la PO en vue de pouvoir l’adapter au concepteur, tout en conservant la vision globale du système. Concernant le second point, deux approches sont envisagées. La première, hors ligne, repose sur des travaux antérieurs dans le domaine de la synthèse pour l’obtention d’une commande sûre, robuste et sans blocage. La seconde approche, en ligne, utilise un filtre, qui consiste à n’envoyer vers la PO que des commandes validées. La principale difficulté de ce type d’approche réside dans les spécifications du filtre. Une structure de filtre à 2 niveaux, ayant des capacités explicatives, est proposée. Le premier : filtre de validation système permet de sécuriser la PO. Le second : filtre de validation fonctionnel permet de vérifier le respect du cahier des charges. Une approche vérifie formellement que les contraintes sont suffisantes pour éviter toutes détériorations, avant l’implémentation au moyen du model-checker. Deux applications sont présentéesThe work presented in this thesis, focuses on the control design by automatic control engineers who can have different levels of competence. The use of real plant can involve control design errors. This raises two original problems; the validation and verification of the control and the requirement to take into the designer. These problems require an approach taking into account the human part. The contributions developed in this thesis focuse on adapting the system to designer knowledge and on the system safety. On the first point, it highlights the educational importance to work on the global system rather than a part. An approach is based on the functional decomposition of the plant to adapt the specifications. This approach helps maintain the global vision of system. On the second point 2 approaches are envisaged to ensure the safety. The first, offline, is based on previous work performed. Supervisory control allows to obtain a sure, robust and without deadlock controller. The second approach, online, uses a filter. This approach allows sending to the plant only validated outputs. The main difficulties of filter lie firstly in its specifications, and secondly in its explanatory capabilities for the designer. A filter structure with 2 levels is proposed. The first one: system validation filter, assuring the plant safety. The second one: functional validation filter enables to verify if specifications are conformed. The proposed approach to ensure that the constraints are properly defined is to formally verify, using the model-checker. The verification procedure determines the sufficient constraints set to avoid deterioration situations. Two applications are presented
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Malmgren, Henrik. "Revision of an artificial neural network enabling industrial sorting." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392690.
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Convolutional artificial neural networks can be applied for image-based object classification to inform automated actions, such as handling of objects on a production line. The present thesis describes theoretical background for creating a classifier and explores the effects of introducing a set of relatively recent techniques to an existing ensemble of classifiers in use for an industrial sorting system.The findings indicate that it's important to use spatial variety dropout regularization for high resolution image inputs, and use an optimizer configuration with good convergence properties. The findings also demonstrate examples of ensemble classifiers being effectively consolidated into unified models using the distillation technique. An analogue arrangement with optimization against multiple output targets, incorporating additional information, showed accuracy gains comparable to ensembling. For use of the classifier on test data with statistics different than those of the dataset, results indicate that augmentation of the input data during classifier creation helps performance, but would, in the current case, likely need to be guided by information about the distribution shift to have sufficiently positive impact to enable a practical application. I suggest, for future development, updated architectures, automated hyperparameter search and leveraging the bountiful unlabeled data potentially available from production lines.
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Ross, Andrew Spilsbury. "Determinants of exposure to metalworking fluid in small machine shops." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10340.
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The objectives of this study were to measure personal airborne concentrations of
metalworking fluids (MWF) in small machine shops by three different methods and
to conduct a determinants of exposure analysis to evaluate factors that contribute to
or minimize exposure to MWF. The three aerosol exposure measures were "total"
aerosol, PM10 aerosol and extractable mass concentration. Eighty-eight
machinists, employed at fifteen different machine shops, participated in the study.
Side by side full shift "total" and thoracic aerosol samples were obtained from all
participants and seventy-three machinists were sampled on two occasions with a
minimum of eight days between measurements. There was total of 161 person-days
of participation. Machinists were observed for their entire shift and information
was collected at 15-minute intervals on different tasks they performed. Shop,
machine tool and MWF management characteristics were also collected. Statistical
modeling of the collected information was used to identify significant predictors of
exposure.
Extractable mass concentration was analyzed using a provisional American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method for metalworking fluids. The ASTM
method was performed on filters from "total" aerosol (open-faced, 37 mm cassettes).
Thoracic aerosol was collected using personal PM10 samplers. The mean "total"
aerosol exposure was 0.32 mg/m³ and the mean thoracic aerosol exposure was
0.27 mg/m³. The mean extractable mass exposure was 0.07 mg/m3 and the mean
fraction of extractable mass to "total" aerosol was 0.31. Multiple linear regression
models explained 0.65, 0.63 and 0.50 of the variance for the "total" aerosol, thoracic
aerosol and extractable mass models respectively. The models all indicated shop
height was associated with lower exposure. Operating an enclosed computer
controlled (CNC) machine tool, operating a wet grinder, operating a wet saw and the
presence of welding in the shop were variables that were associated with increased
exposure in all three models. Other predictor variables of increased or reduced
exposure were associated with the individual models. The extractable mass
analysis was found to predict variables related to MWF than the aerosol models.
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Yin-ShuoChang and 張尹碩. "Applying the AVM System to Machine Tool Industries." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cgdsd6.
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碩士國立成功大學
製造資訊與系統研究所
104
Automatic Virtual Metrology (AVM) system has been successfully applied to many high-tech industries such as the semiconductor industry. It can convert sampling inspection with metrology delay into real-time and online total inspection. Currently, the precision machinery factories’ demands for enhancing the workpiece prediction accuracy are continuously increasing. The major challenge of applying the AVM system to the machine tool industry in order to achieve online and real-time total inspection is to adjust the AVM prediction and decision-making schemes from steady and mass production as in the semiconductor industry to small volume and semi-steady production in the precision machine tool industry. This study proposes the Target-Value Adjustment Scheme (TVA Scheme) and Automated Sampling Decision Scheme (ASD Scheme). TVA can adjust the target values automatically to cope with the issue of applying the same model creation to various types of workpiece machining conditions, including different machining dimensions and tolerance ranges. ASD can dynamically adjust the sampling rates that AVM requires to reduce the measurement cost while still maintaining good prediction accuracy. The actual machining case studies show that after applying TVA to the wheel machining automation, TVA can reduce the sample count required for model-refreshing in response to different machining conditions. TVA can also reduce the need of refreshing the same sample count as for model creation to only 2-3 samples, which are sufficient for maintaining good prediction accuracy. As for ASD, under the stable mass-production environment, such as standard workpieces machining, it can reduce the sampling rate from 100% to 7.57% at best. The techniques described above are also applied to the aerospace industry in the prediction accuracy of the aircraft engine casing machining. TVA and ASD not only help to realize the goal of online and real-time total inspection, but also are verified to effectively reduce the measurement cost.
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Naidoo, Rajendra. "Buyer behaviour of fabrication customers at Afrox." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1432.
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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2008.Industrial buying stands for more than half the whole economic activity in industrialised countries. Therefore, it is important to understand how customers of Afrox perform buying activities. The fabrication industry is a fast growing industry and is, therefore, interesting to study. The understanding of the buying behaviour of industrial organisations is of paramount importance to the industrial marketer. The study is a quantitative, cross sectional and descriptive investigation into buyer behaviour in the fabrication industry of Afrox. It highlights that industrial buyer behaviour has an extensive area, both for the practical marketer as well as from an academic perspective. As the fabrication industry is once again expanding, it is of essence to understand the buying behaviour in this industry. This report has the intention of highlighting how industrial buyer behaviour can be described in the fabrication industry. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the characteristics of industrial buying behaviour of fabrication customers at Afrox. The purpose has been further developed in forms of research questions dealing with the buying process, buyer behaviour, buying centre and buyer choice criteria. The sample studied is from a current company data base. With regard to the buying process, the most significant factors are price, quality, and technical capability.
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Yang, Heeseung. "Technology, choice, and competitiveness the case of the machine tool industries in the U.S. and Japan /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23740601.html.
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鄭士理. "Study on Quality Improvement for Sewing Machine and Related Industries in Taiwan." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79942540412784216270.
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Guo-WeiWang and 王國維. "Automated Model-Creation Scheme of the AVM System for Machine Tool Industries." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38kubt.
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碩士國立成功大學
製造資訊與系統研究所
104
Automatic Virtual Metrology (AVM) is applied to fulfil the automatic total inspection requirements of the machine tool industry. The AVM system adopts various prediction algorithms to predict product quality; therefore, users must possess a considerable knowledge of statistics and operations while setting up and creating prediction models, and this fact makes it hard to apply AVM in the machine tool industry. To solve this problem, this study develops an automated model creation scheme for the machine tool industry, which contains two tools: Threshold and M code Insertion Scenario (TMIS) and Automated Model Creation (AMC). TMIS is utilized to insert M codes in NC files according to the machining metrology items, and then conduct NC files path simulation. According to TMIS’s outputs, AMC can then set the rules of data collection, the indicators and the parameters of the models, and the thresholds of metrology items automatically. When the quantity of healthy samples is enough, they are sent to the model creation server for building models, and finally the models are sent to the AVM server to conduct prediction. The results show that, by utilizing TMIS and AMC, even for the users who are only capable of general processing, the required model-creation time can be reduced by 87.5% compared to the original AVM model creation. Therefore, it can be inferred that this automated model creation scheme can significantly reduce the difficulty of applying AVM to the machine tool industry.
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周麗蓉. "The performance indicators of research and development in machine tool industries in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47799207843019490060.
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Chen, Hsuan-Fei, and 陳玄斐. "Research On The Promotion of Business ProcessReengineering Based On Total ProductionManagement-An Example of Machine Tool Industries Company-." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/atddfk.
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碩士國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
102
Human launch all kinds of 3C innovation to enhance the quality of life, and to pursuit of comfortable, convenient of life. The machine tool industry is so called the mother of industry, with the high technology product and the market changes,enterprises are facing high-speed, high-precision, complex and intelligent technology development issues; how to use skills and designs to meet the market demand of high reliability, high stability and systematic manufacturing system construction is an important issue of the business. In response to the high technology product life cycles and rapid supply of competitive markets, the quality and the price are often the key determination; to create a good production physique, improve corporate structure, enhance the effectiveness of staff work, is an essential condition for enterprises to maintain a competitive advantage. Manufacturing and processing procedures become more complex due to achieve of precision and functionality; to comply with the market price competitiveness,the enterprise is struggling to find solutions of reduce wastage and losses in the manufacturing process. This study is based on a tool factory as an example, to explore the use of a comprehensive production management (Total Productive Maintenance, TPM) way to discover the hidden costs of enterprise quality management operations occur, in order to improve the potential problems and reduce unnecessary costs thus architecture BPR (Business Process Reengineer, BPR) activities, providing more suitable enterprise management system to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. The study found that the use of TPM and value chain inventory can discover hidden cost of quality, and then served with TPM improvement practices, will effectively improve in performance.
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Chen, Kuo-Min, and 陳國民. "Interface Strategies in Modular Product Innovation- Theory and case study of Taiwan’s machine tool and personal computer industries." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07091839543509869980.
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博士東海大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系
92
With low costs and the ability to create differentiated products while simultaneously accelerating the rate of product innovation, modular products have attracted lots of attention from both practitioners and academic researchers for many years and an architectural approach has been an important perspective in product innovation research. In this study, we have tried to build a basic theory for understanding interface strategies in modular product innovation through a literature review that covers a number of concepts including product architecture, functional modules, internal and external interfaces, product families, and product platforms. Based on a product’s internal and external dimensions and openness of interface, we construct a strategic matrix of interface possibilities in modular product innovation. We also discuss the technological and organizational requirements for each strategy and discuss the architectural essence of Taiwan’s machine tool industry and personal computer industry by case studies. High interface openness in product level enhances the interface innovation efforts focusing on internal interface of machine tools. Highly open supply system impedes the efforts to keep product’s internal interface closed, product innovations of machine tools focus on module upgrading and low cost production. Personal computer is another story, limited by industrial standards, the product innovation of PC focus on man-machine interface and module upgrading. Different industrial interface standardization also affects the speed and processes of the movement from Taiwan to Mainland China. We discover the essence of interface that is ignored traditionally and find that the interface strategies are part of a product strategy and enterprise management strategy. The interface strategic theory and study of interface openness contribute to the field of modular product innovation research.
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Lee, Geng-Fong, and 李震峰. "Survey of Key Success Factors of Asia-Pacific Regional Manufact- uring Center in Taiwan -- A study of machine tool industries." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31044968400690555507.
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Kumar, Deepak. "Nanotribology Of Emulsified Lubricants." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1257.
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In case of metalworking operations, the purpose of lubrication is served by a complex mixture of two or more phases, these mixtures are known as metalworking fluids (MWFs). For many decades oil-in-water emulsions have been used as metalworking fluids. The particular advantage of using oil-in-water emulsion in metalworking operations is that it combines the cooling property of water and the lubrication property of the oil. To explain the lubrication mechanism for oil-in-water emulsions as metalworking fluids a variety of models and theories has been proposed. To understand the lubrication mechanism, the role of each ingredient in the tribological process needs to be studied. In the present study a model for lubrication which determines force and proximity regimes of droplets based on the droplet size distribution is proposed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is used to characterize the emulsions. The small droplets are found to be the ones which enhance lubricity. DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory is used to validate the results. The concentration and type of surfactant is found to be the performance controlling parameter. A further analysis of the three interfacial energetics; oil/water, oil/substrate, water/substrate, is studied in the presence and absence of surfactants with the help of a Goniometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Such energetics reflects the rate at which the excess surfactant molecules accumulate at the water/oil interface and desorb into the phases. The tribological response is recorded using AFM and the nanotribometer (NTR). Frictional response of the chemisorbed self-assembled monolayer of surfactant (sodium oleate) on the steel substrate reflects that a tribofilm helps in lubricating the contact under boundary lubrication by creating a low shear strength material. Water being the continuous phase in oil/water emulsion a thin water layer adjacent to steel substrate is always present. This thin layer on the solid substrate acts as a barrier to the lubricating oil droplets to reach the metal surface. The focus of the present work is also to investigate conditions which permit the disjoining of the water film to allow the oil to lubricate the metal substrate. AFM is used to study the interaction force between an oil droplet and the steel substrate through water. An oil encapsulated SiO2 colloidal probe used to simulate the oil droplet. The charge regulatory status of the substrates and interfaces are found to be critical in mapping the force characteristics when DLVO interaction is considered. The condition for activation of non-DLVO (hydration, hydrophobic, capillary) forces are also identified and found to be dependent on the physical states of surfaces. Disjoining of the thin film can be controlled by selecting surfactants based on interfacial energetics and attractive force characteristic can be achieved to facilitate lubrication.
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Nkosi, Mfundo S. "A study into the effect of human error on substandard maintenance performance, and the formulation of a complete solution based on the experience of successful maintenance organisations." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14975.
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M.Phil. (Mechanical Engineering)The coal mining industry plays a major role in the global economy. Coal is required for the provision of primary energy needs, generation of electricity and production of steel. Hence, there is a high demand of coal worldwide. For the continuous supply of coal, mining equipment should be in good working conditions and the maintenance teams should be highly equipped and motivated to perform their maintenance activities ...
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LUNG, KAO YU, and 高玉龍. "The research of EVA, companies performance management and the decisions based-on value management of companies--focused on Twiwan''s CNC machine industries." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58013037737390453081.
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碩士國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
92
This research is focused on Taiwan’s CNC machine industry for exploring the adaptabilities of economic-value-added (EVA) on Taiwan’s security market. The explanation capabilities between company’s market-value-added(MVA) to corporate traditional financial ratio indicator. And the influence of MVA of corporate based-on value management is also studied. The research was conducted mainly based on SPSS statistical method studied. The research subjects include four companies’ quarter financial report of Taiwan’s CNC machine industry from 3Q’00 to 1Q’04. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: 1. EVA indicator doesn’t adapt to Taiwan’s CNC machine industry. 2. It’s not more available to explain the performance of Taiwan’s CNC machine industry, when EVA added to the corporate traditional financial ratio indicator. 3. The mostly influence to explain the performance of Taiwan’s CNC machine industry, when corporate based-on value management decision indicators works. As a result, it is suggested that the management levels of the companies of Taiwan’s CNC machine industry. It’s better corporate traditional financial ratio indicator good, it’s better company’s values. Secondly, corporate develop based-on value management decisions indicators, have mostly influence on companies MVA. The companies want to increase MVA, it must improve the corporate traditional financial ratio indicator and based-on decisions indicators .
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Kao, Yu-longe, and 高玉龍. "The impacts of characteristics of technological knowledge and knowledge management on the performance of new product development efficiency--focused on Taiwan''s CNC machine industries." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56068550452214296131.
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碩士國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程
90
Abstract This research is focused on Taiwan’s CNC machine industries for exploring the impacts of knowledge management on the performance of new product development. The influence of the characteristics of technological knowledge on knowledge management is also studied. The research was conducted mainly based on deep case studied. The research subjects include four R&D projects two which are selected from two companies of CNC machine industry. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: 1. The more the R&D project knowledge is absorbed from different sources, wide ranges, and multiple organizational learning activities, the better the performance of new product development would be. 2. The more the R&D project knowledge creates the technological breakthrough and the newly added value, the better the performance of new product development would be. 3. The more the R&D project knowledge is accumulated with the documentation, the amass of activities, and the core resourcefulness, the better the performance of new product development would be. 4. The more the R&D project knowledge is diffused in different patterns and activities, the better the performance of new product development would be. 5. There exists a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of change of technological knowledge. 6. There exists a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of explicitness of technological knowledge. 7. There doesn’t exist a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of path dependence of technological knowledge path. 8. There doesn’t exist a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of modualization of technological knowledge. 9. There exists a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D projects and the degree of complexity of technological knowledge. As a result, it is suggested that the R & D departments of the companies possessed with different characteristics of technological knowledge should design the organizational form and activities that are conformed to the characteristics of technological knowledge for facilitating the practices of knowledge management. The internal technology inheritance and the external technology resource deployment have to be executed ordinarily; and the appropriate resources as well as human power shall be properly allocated in accordance with the different steps of new product development with a view to intensifying the satisfactory result. Key words: characteristics of technological knowledge; knowledge management; new product development efficiency; Taiwan CNC machine industry; R&D Management; Innovation Management
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Tidjani, Bassirou. "Why vocational training under adversarial industrial relations and weak unions does not work a case study of the French and American machine tool industries during the 1980's /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28705359.html.
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Silva, João Maria Martins Rodrigues da. "The impact of artificial intelligence on customer loyalty and entrepreneurship." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21636.
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Nowadays, every company struggles to success, however there are few of them that actually
do. Artificial intelligence is something that is revolutionize the market, as well as, the way that
companies structure themselves. This work pretends to illuminate who is searching about the
effects that the artificial intelligence can have on customer loyalty and on entrepreneurship. To
do that, I created an online survey, answered by 103 people and I made eleven interviews to
people that worked or are working in one of these three areas. With these, I pretend to have a
better notion about the impact that AI is having or can have in a near future in these areas, the
benefits and disadvantages that can create for the companies, or even the utility that can be for
a worker launch his own business. After conducting the questionnaire and the interviews and
comparing it with the literature review, I came to some conclusions right now that in a very
near future the use of AI will be fundamental to the success of any company. You will inevitably
have to use AI tools to optimize processes, save costs, but never mischaracterize the company.
On the other hand, customer satisfaction is extremely important because it leads to a buyback
from the clientes and the good publicity they will do with third parties, however this is only
achieved when there is a good mix between the quality of the salesman and the product.Hoje em dia, todas as empresas lutam para serem bem-sucedidas, no entanto, poucas delas realmente o são. A inteligência artificial é algo que está a revolucionar o mercado, bem como a forma como as empresas se estruturam e por isso pode ter um papel fundamental. Com este trabalho pretendo iluminar quem está à procura de respostas sobre os efeitos que a inteligência artificial pode ter na fidelidade do cliente e no empreendedorismo. Para isso, realizei um inquérito "online", respondido por 103 pessoas e fiz 11 entrevistas a pessoas que trabalharam ou estão a trabalhar numa destas três áreas. Com isso, pretendo ter uma melhor noção sobre o impacto que a IA está a ter ou pode vir a ter num futuro próximo nestas áreas, os benefícios e desvantagens que podem criar para as empresas, ou mesmo a utilidade que pode ter para o lançamento de um negócio próprio. Após realizar o questionário e as entrevistas e comparando com a revisão de literatura cheguei a algumas conclusões desde já o facto de num futuro bastante próximo a IA ser fundamental para o sucesso de qualquer empresa. Terá inevitavelmente de usar ferramentas de AI para otimizar processos, poupar nos custos, mas nunca descaracterizando a empresa. Por outro lado, a satisfação do cliente é extremamente importante pois leva a uma recompra por parte dos mesmos e à boa publicidade que irão fazer junto de terceiros, porém isto só é conseguido quando existe um bom mix entre a qualidade do vendedor e do produto.