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1
Smolyaninov, Igor I., and Vera N. Smolyaninova. "Metamaterial superconductors." Nanophotonics 7, no. 5 (May 24, 2018): 795–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0115.
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AbstractSearching for natural materials exhibiting larger electron-electron interactions constitutes a traditional approach to high-temperature superconductivity research. Very recently, we pointed out that the newly developed field of electromagnetic metamaterials deals with the somewhat related task of dielectric response engineering on a sub-100-nm scale. Considerable enhancement of the electron-electron interaction may be expected in such metamaterial scenarios as in epsilon near-zero (ENZ) and hyperbolic metamaterials. In both cases, dielectric function may become small and negative in substantial portions of the relevant four-momentum space, leading to enhancement of the electron pairing interaction. This approach has been verified in experiments with aluminum-based metamaterials. Metamaterial superconductor with Tc=3.9 K have been fabricated, which is three times that of pure aluminum (Tc=1.2 K), which opens up new possibilities to improve the Tc of other simple superconductors considerably. Taking advantage of the demonstrated success of this approach, the critical temperature of hypothetical niobium, MgB2- and H2S-based metamaterial superconductors is evaluated. The MgB2-based metamaterial superconductors are projected to reach the liquid nitrogen temperature range. In the case of an H2S-based metamaterial, the projected Tc appears to reach ~250 K.
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Tzarouchis, Dimitrios C., Maria Koutsoupidou, Ioannis Sotiriou, Konstantinos Dovelos, Dionysios Rompolas, and Panagiotis Kosmas. "Electromagnetic metamaterials for biomedical applications: short review and trends." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 11 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2024006.
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This mini-review examines the most prominent features and usages of metamaterials, such as metamaterial-based and metamaterial-inspired RF components used for biomedical applications. Emphasis is given to applications on sensing and imaging systems, wearable and implantable antennas for telemetry, and metamaterials used as flexible absorbers for protection against extreme electromagnetic (EM) radiation. A short discussion and trends on the metamaterial composition, implementation, and phantom preparation are presented. This review seeks to compile the state-of-the-art biomedical systems that utilize metamaterial concepts for enhancing their performance in some form or another. The goal is to highlight the diverse applications of metamaterials and demonstrate how different metamaterial techniques impact EM biomedical applications from RF to THz frequency range. Insights and open problems are discussed, illuminating the prototyping process.
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Gu, Leilei, Hongzhan Liu, Zhongchao Wei, Ruihuan Wu, and Jianping Guo. "Optimized Design of Plasma Metamaterial Absorber Based on Machine Learning." Photonics 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2023): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080874.
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Metamaterial absorbers have become a popular research direction due to their broad application prospects, such as in radar, infrared imaging, and solar cell fields. Usually, nanostructured metamaterials are associated with a large number of geometric parameters, and traditional simulation designs are time consuming. In this paper, we propose a framework for designing plasma metamaterial absorbers in both a forward prediction and inverse design composed of a primary prediction network (PPN) and an auxiliary prediction network (APN). The framework can build the relationship between the geometric parameters of metamaterials and their optical response (reflection spectra, absorption spectra) from a large number of training samples, thus solving the problem of time-consuming and case-by-case numerical simulations in traditional metamaterial design. This framework can not only improve forward prediction more accurately and efficiently but also inverse design metamaterial absorbers from a given required optical response. It was verified that it is also applicable to absorbers of different structures and materials. Our results show that it can be used in metamaterial absorbers, chiral metamaterials, metamaterial filters, and other fields.
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Tan, Plum, and Singh. "Surface Lattice Resonances in THz Metamaterials." Photonics 6, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6030075.
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Diffraction of light in periodic structures is observed in a variety of systems including atoms, solid state crystals, plasmonic structures, metamaterials, and photonic crystals. In metamaterials, lattice diffraction appears across microwave to optical frequencies due to collective Rayleigh scattering of periodically arranged structures. Light waves diffracted by these periodic structures can be trapped along the metamaterial surface resulting in the excitation of surface lattice resonances, which are mediated by the structural eigenmodes of the metamaterial cavity. This has brought about fascinating opportunities such as lattice-induced transparency, strong nearfield confinement, and resonant field enhancement and line-narrowing of metamaterial structural resonances through lowering of radiative losses. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and implications of metamaterial-engineered surface lattice resonances and lattice-enhanced field confinement in terahertz metamaterials. These universal properties of surface lattice resonances in metamaterials have significant implications for the design of resonant metamaterials, including ultrasensitive sensors, lasers, and slow-light devices across the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Rizzi, Gianluca, Marco Valerio d’Agostino, Patrizio Neff, and Angela Madeo. "Boundary and interface conditions in the relaxed micromorphic model: Exploring finite-size metastructures for elastic wave control." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 27, no. 6 (November 20, 2021): 1053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10812865211048923.
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In this paper, we establish well-posed boundary and interface conditions for the relaxed micromorphic model that are able to unveil the scattering response of fully finite-size metamaterial samples. The resulting relaxed micromorphic boundary value problem is implemented in finite-element simulations describing the scattering of a square metamaterial sample whose side counts nine unit cells. The results are validated against a direct finite-element simulation encoding all the details of the underlying metamaterial’s microstructure. The relaxed micromorphic model can recover the scattering metamaterial’s behavior for a wide range of frequencies and for all possible angles of incidence, thus showing that it is suitable to describe dynamic anisotropy. Finally, thanks to the model’s computational performances, we can design a metastructure combining metamaterials and classical materials in such a way that it acts as a protection device while providing energy focusing in specific collection points. These results open important perspectives for the short-term design of sustainable structures that can control elastic waves and recover energy.
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Zhou, Xiaoshu, Qide Xiao, and Han Wang. "Metamaterials Design Method based on Deep learning Database." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2185, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2185/1/012023.
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Abstract In recent years, deep learning has risen to the forefront of many fields, overcoming challenges previously considered difficult to solve by traditional methods. In the field of metamaterials, there are significant challenges in the design and optimization of metamaterials, including the need for a large number of labeled data sets and one-to-many mapping when solving inverse problems. Here, we will use deep learning methods to build a metamaterial database to achieve rapid design and analysis methods of metamaterials. These technologies have significantly improved the feasibility of more complex metamaterial designs and provided new metamaterial design and analysis ideas.
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Li, Yafei, Jiangtao Lv, Qiongchan Gu, Sheng Hu, Zhigang Li, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Yu Ying, and Guangyuan Si. "Metadevices with Potential Practical Applications." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142651.
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Metamaterials are “new materials” with different superior physical properties, which have generated great interest and become popular in scientific research. Various designs and functional devices using metamaterials have formed a new academic world. The application concept of metamaterial is based on designing diverse physical structures that can break through the limitations of traditional optical materials and composites to achieve extraordinary material functions. Therefore, metadevices have been widely studied by the academic community recently. Using the properties of metamaterials, many functional metadevices have been well investigated and further optimized. In this article, different metamaterial structures with varying functions are reviewed, and their working mechanisms and applications are summarized, which are near-field energy transfer devices, metamaterial mirrors, metamaterial biosensors, and quantum-cascade detectors. The development of metamaterials indicates that new materials will become an important breakthrough point and building blocks for new research domains, and therefore they will trigger more practical and wide applications in the future.
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Hu, Hua-Liang, Ji-Wei Peng, and Chun-Ying Lee. "Dynamic Simulation of a Metamaterial Beam Consisting of Tunable Shape Memory Material Absorbers." Vibration 1, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration1010007.
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Metamaterials are materials with an artificially tailored internal structure and unusual physical and mechanical properties such as a negative refraction coefficient, negative mass inertia, and negative modulus of elasticity, etc. Due to their unique characteristics, metamaterials possess great potential in engineering applications. This study aims to develop new acoustic metamaterials for applications in semi-active vibration isolation. For the proposed state-of-the-art structural configurations in metamaterials, the geometry and mass distribution of the crafted internal structure is employed to induce the local resonance inside the material. Therefore, a stopband in the dispersion curve can be created because of the energy gap. For conventional metamaterials, the stopband is fixed and unable to be adjusted in real-time once the design is completed. Although the metamaterial with distributed resonance characteristics has been proposed in the literature to extend its working stopband, the efficacy is usually compromised. In order to increase its adaptability to time-varying disturbance, several semi-active metamaterials have been proposed. In this study, the incorporation of a tunable shape memory alloy (SMA) into the configuration of metamaterial is proposed. The repeated resonance unit consisting of SMA beams is designed and its theoretical formulation for determining the dynamic characteristics is established. For more general application, the finite element model of this smart metamaterial is also derived and simulated. The stopband of this metamaterial beam with different configurations in the arrangement of the SMA absorbers was investigated. The result shows that the proposed model is able to predict the unique dynamic characteristics of this smart metamaterial beam. Moreover, the tunable stopband of the metamaterial beam with controlling the state of SMA absorbers was also demonstrated.
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Hou, Zheyu, Pengyu Zhang, Mengfan Ge, Jie Li, Tingting Tang, Jian Shen, and Chaoyang Li. "Metamaterial Reverse Multiple Prediction Method Based on Deep Learning." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102672.
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Metamaterials and their related research have had a profound impact on many fields, including optics, but designing metamaterial structures on demand is still a challenging task. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used to guide the design of metamaterials, and has achieved outstanding performance. In this work, a metamaterial structure reverse multiple prediction method based on semisupervised learning was proposed, named the partially Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (pCGAN). It could reversely predict multiple sets of metamaterial structures that can meet the needs by inputting the required target spectrum. This model could reach a mean average error (MAE) of 0.03 and showed good generality. Compared with the previous metamaterial design methods, this method could realize reverse design and multiple design at the same time, which opens up a new method for the design of new metamaterials.
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Zhang, Yumei, Jie Zhang, Ye Li, Dan Yao, Yue Zhao, Yi Ai, Weijun Pan, and Jiang Li. "Research Progress on Thin-Walled Sound Insulation Metamaterial Structures." Acoustics 6, no. 2 (March 26, 2024): 298–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6020016.
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Acoustic metamaterials (AMs) composed of periodic artificial structures have extraordinary sound wave manipulation capabilities compared with traditional acoustic materials, and they have attracted widespread research attention. The sound insulation performance of thin-walled structures commonly used in engineering applications with restricted space, for example, vehicles’ body structures, and the latest studies on the sound insulation of thin-walled metamaterial structures, are comprehensively discussed in this paper. First, the definition and math law of sound insulation are introduced, alongside the primary methods of sound insulation testing of specimens. Secondly, the main sound insulation acoustic metamaterial structures are summarized and classified, including membrane-type, plate-type, and smart-material-type sound insulation metamaterials, boundaries, and temperature effects, as well as the sound insulation research on composite structures combined with metamaterial structures. Finally, the research status, challenges, and trends of sound insulation metamaterial structures are summarized. It was found that combining the advantages of metamaterial and various composite panel structures with optimization methods considering lightweight and proper wide frequency band single evaluator has the potential to improve the sound insulation performance of composite metamaterials in the full frequency range. Relative review results provide a comprehensive reference for the sound insulation metamaterial design and application.
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Gao, Shanshi, Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang, and Asit Kumar Gain. "A New Polymer-Based Mechanical Metamaterial with Tailorable Large Negative Poisson’s Ratios." Polymers 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071492.
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Mechanical metamaterials have attracted significant attention due to their programmable internal structure and extraordinary mechanical properties. However, most of them are still in their prototype stage without direct applications. This research developed an easy-to-use mechanical metamaterial with tailorable large negative Poisson’s ratios. This metamaterial was microstructural, with cylindrical-shell-based units and was manufactured by the 3D-printing technique. It was found numerically that the present metamaterial could achieve large negative Poisson’s ratios up to −1.618 under uniaxial tension and −1.657 under uniaxial compression, and the results of the following verification tests agreed with simulation findings. Moreover, stress concentration in this new metamaterial is much smaller than that in most of existing re-entrance metamaterials.
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Gamal, Moh Danil Hendry, Yan Soerbakti, Zamri Zamri, Saktioto Saktioto, Defrianto Defrianto, Romi Fadli Syahputra, and Vepy Asyana. "Negative refractive index anomaly characteristics of SRR hexagonal array metamaterials." Science, Technology and Communication Journal 4, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.59190/stc.v4i2.261.
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Metamaterials possess distinct characteristics that make them very suitable for scientific investigation. This phenomenon's hallmark has left scientists perplexed and skeptical. Researchers have conducted numerous studies to explore the composition of one or more metamaterials. This project focused on the development of a linear-sequence metamaterial. Next, we examined the alterations in the optical characteristics of the metamaterial. The utilized frequency range is 0 to 9 GHz. We construct the hexagonal split ring resonance (SRR) metamaterial with a radius of 2.9 mm, consisting of one to four hexagonal SRRs. The findings revealed that the SRR hexagonal metamaterial structure had the highest negative refractive index value, reaching -9.33 in combinations of four hexagonal SRRs.
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Yuchao, Ma, Mo Juan, Xu Ke, Li Xiang, and Sun Xinbo. "Material Parameters Acquisition and Sound Insulation Performance analysis of Membrane-type Acoustic Metamaterials Applied for Transformer." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913601031.
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As a light-weight and ultra-thin artificial material, acoustic metamaterial have more different attributes than natural material. The study of sound insulation for acoustic metamaterial is hot, and the membrane-type acoustic metamaterials supplement the deficiency of linear sound insulation materials. The physical material parameters (young modulus and loss factors)of base material of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials (PVC) is obtained by cantilever beam dynamic measurement method. The acoustic metamaterial sound insulation analysis is simulated by CAE method based on the material parameters that measured. The configuration of the simulation accuracy is measured on impedance tube, and the design work of the acoustic metamaterial sound insulation for transformer is provided. The relationship between sound insulation and the mass on membrane-type acoustic metamaterial at the different frequencies (100Hz to 500Hz) provides the reference to set sound insulation frequency.
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Yang, Jing Jing, Ming Huang, Jun Sun, and Jun Dong Yang. "Metamaterial Sensor Based on WGM." Key Engineering Materials 495 (November 2011): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.495.28.
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Sensor utilizing metamaterials have opened up a new field of considerable interest. We extend here the works of our group about metamaterial sensor based on Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM), which is constructed with a microring resonator sensor coated with metamaterial layer. We demonstrate that our sensor possesses higher sensitivity than the traditional sensor since the amplification and penetration of evanescent wave by metamaterials.
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Ahmad, Ali, Abeer Asad, Pocholo Pacpaco, Claire Thampongphan, and Muhammad Hasibul Hasan. "Application of Metamaterial in Renewable Energy: A Review." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2024): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.02.20243.04.
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Metamaterial advancements hold promise for compact renewable energy harvesting, capturing acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and solar energy on a modest scale across global industries. Engineered structures surpass natural material limitations, offering capabilities unattainable in traditional counterparts. This investigation explores metamaterials' manipulation of acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and solar energy. Mechanical metamaterials convert strain into electrical energy, applicable from interstellar travel to terrestrial infrastructure. Precision-configured acoustic metamaterials efficiently harness dispersed acoustic energy, improving renewable energy methodologies. Integration into photovoltaic cells showcases metamaterials' solar potential, with innovative designs enhancing solar energy conversion efficiency. Electromagnetic metamaterials efficiently absorb and convert frequencies into usable energy from communications and monitoring systems, in the agricultural and environmental sectors. Comparative analyses highlight noteworthy efficiency advancements, underscoring metamaterials' transformative influence on renewable energy. As they redefine the sector, implications extend to both small-scale devices and large-scale applications, positioning them as pivotal contributors. The paper critically evaluates metamaterial effectiveness in harnessing diverse energy sources, guiding future research. Metamaterial adaptability to different sizes and integration into technology reveals possibilities for compact energy sources. Ongoing research addresses scientific and economic challenges, paving the way for scaling metamaterial applications to commercial operations and emphasizing their importance in incorporating renewable energy into our technological milieu.
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Yang, Jing Jing, Ming Huang, Hao Tang, Jia Zeng, and Ling Dong. "Metamaterial Sensors." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/637270.
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Metamaterials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their intriguing properties, as well as the large potential applications for designing functional devices. In this paper, we review the current status of metamaterial sensors, with an emphasis on the evanescent wave amplification and the accompanying local field enhancement characteristics. Examples of the sensors are given to illustrate the principle and the performance of the metamaterial sensor. The paper concludes with an optimistic outlook regarding the future of metamaterial sensor.
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Ren, Yi, Minghui Duan, Rui Guo, and Jing Liu. "Printed Transformable Liquid-Metal Metamaterials and Their Application in Biomedical Sensing." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 6329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196329.
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Metamaterial is becoming increasingly important owing to its unique physical properties and breakthrough applications. So far, most metamaterials that have been developed are made of rigid materials and structures, which may restrict their practical adaptation performances. Recently, with the further development of liquid metal, some efforts have explored metamaterials based on such tunable electronic inks. Liquid metal has high flexibility and good electrical conductivity, which provides more possibilities for transformable metamaterials. Here, we developed a new flexible liquid-metal metamaterial that is highly reconfigurable and could significantly extend the working limit facing current devices. The printed electronics method was adopted to fabricate artificial units and then construct various potential transformable metamaterials. Based on metamaterial theory and printing technology, typical structured flexible liquid-metal electromagnetic metamaterials were designed and fabricated. The electronic and magnetic characteristics of the liquid-metal-based electromagnetic metamaterials were evaluated through simulated analysis and experimental measurement. Particularly, the potential of liquid-metal metamaterials in biomedical sensing was investigated. Further, the future outlook of liquid-metal metamaterials and their application in diverse categories were prospected.
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Gao, Xu, Jiyuan Wei, Jiajing Huo, Zhishuai Wan, and Ying Li. "The Vibration Isolation Design of a Re-Entrant Negative Poisson’s Ratio Metamaterial." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2023): 9442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169442.
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An improved re-entrant negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial based on a combination of 3D printing and machining is proposed. The improved metamaterial exhibits a superior load-carrying and vibration isolation capacity compared to its traditional counterpart. The bandgap of the proposed metamaterial can be easily tailored through various assemblies. Additionally, particle damping is introduced to enhance the diversity of bandgap design, improve structural damping performance, and achieve better vibration isolation at low and medium frequencies. An experiment and simulation were conducted to assess the static and vibration performances of the metamaterial, and consistent results were obtained. The results indicate a 300% increase in the bearing capacity of the novel structure compared to traditional structural metamaterials. Furthermore, by increasing the density of metal assemblies, a vibration-suppressing bandgap with a lower frequency and wider bandwidth can be achieved. The introduction of particle damping significantly enhanced the vibration suppression capability of the metamaterial in the middle- and low-frequency range, effectively suppressing resonance peaks. This paper establishes a vibration design method for re-entrant metamaterials, which is experimentally validated and provides a foundation for the vibration suppression design of metamaterials.
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Datta, Srijan, Saptarshi Mukherjee, Xiaodong Shi, Mahmood Haq, Yiming Deng, Lalita Udpa, and Edward Rothwell. "Negative Index Metamaterial Lens for Subwavelength Microwave Detection." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144782.
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Metamaterials are engineered periodic structures designed to have unique properties not encountered in naturally occurring materials. One such unusual property of metamaterials is the ability to exhibit negative refractive index over a prescribed range of frequencies. A lens made of negative refractive index metamaterials can achieve resolution beyond the diffraction limit. This paper presents the design of a metamaterial lens and its use in far-field microwave imaging for subwavelength defect detection in nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Theoretical formulation and numerical studies of the metamaterial lens design are presented followed by experimental demonstration and characterization of metamaterial behavior. Finally, a microwave homodyne receiver-based system is used in conjunction with the metamaterial lens to develop a far-field microwave NDE sensor system. A subwavelength focal spot of size 0.82λ was obtained. The system is shown to be sensitive to a defect of size 0.17λ × 0.06λ in a Teflon sample. Consecutive positions of the defect with a separation of 0.23λ was resolvable using the proposed system.
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Zhang, Wu, Jiahan Lin, Zhengxin Yuan, Yanxiao Lin, Wenli Shang, Lip Ket Chin, and Meng Zhang. "Terahertz Metamaterials for Biosensing Applications: A Review." Biosensors 14, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14010003.
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In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.
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Yan, Dexian, Yi Wang, Yu Qiu, Qinyin Feng, Xiangjun Li, Jining Li, Guohua Qiu, and Jiusheng Li. "A Review: The Functional Materials-Assisted Terahertz Metamaterial Absorbers and Polarization Converters." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050335.
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When metamaterial structures meet functional materials, what will happen? The recent rise of the combination of metamaterial structures and functional materials opens new opportunities for dynamic manipulation of terahertz wave. The optical responses of functional materials are greatly improved based on the highly-localized structures in metamaterials, and the properties of metamaterials can in turn be manipulated in a wide dynamic range based on the external stimulation. In the topical review, we summarize the recent progress of the functional materials-based metamaterial structures for flexible control of the terahertz absorption and polarization conversion. The reviewed devices include but are not limited to terahertz metamaterial absorbers with different characteristics, polarization converters, wave plates, and so on. We review the dynamical tunable metamaterial structures based on the combination with functional materials such as graphene, vanadium dioxide (VO2) and Dirac semimetal (DSM) under various external stimulation. The faced challenges and future prospects of the related researches will also be discussed in the end.
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Machac, Jan. "A negative permittivity metamaterial composed of planar resonators with randomly detuned resonant frequencies and randomly distributed in space." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 9 (July 4, 2018): 1028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001046.
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AbstractThis paper investigates metamaterials composed of resonant particles with negative electric polarizability located in a three-dimensional net. The main problem in fabricating these materials is the spread of the resonant frequencies of particular planar resonators. This spread is caused by the tolerances of the fabrication process for planar resonators. The simulation shows that there is a limit to the dispersion of resonant frequencies that allow the metamaterial to behave as a metamaterial with negative effective permittivity. Two metamaterials with a negative real part of the effective permittivity were designed on the basis of simulations. The first metamaterial has a regular periodic structure. The second is a metamaterial in which the resonant particles are randomly distributed both in space and in orientation, and it offers an isotropic response. This metamaterial was fabricated by inserting planar resonators into plastic shells that can be poured into any volume and ensure a random distribution of the resonant particles in space. The results of the simulations have been verified by measurements.
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Saravana Jothi, N. S., and A. Hunt. "Active mechanical metamaterial with embedded piezoelectric actuation." APL Materials 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 091117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101420.
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Metamaterials are artificially structured materials and exhibit properties that are uncommon or non-existent in nature. Mechanical metamaterials show exotic mechanical properties, such as negative stiffness, vanishing shear modulus, or negative Poisson’s ratio. These properties stem from the geometry and arrangement of the metamaterial unit elements and, therefore, cannot be altered after fabrication. Active mechanical metamaterials aim to overcome this limitation by embedding actuation into the metamaterial unit elements to alter the material properties or mechanical state. This could pave the way for a variety of applications in industries, such as aerospace, robotics, and high-tech engineering. This work proposes and studies an active mechanical metamaterial concept that can actively control the force and deformation distribution within its lattice. Individually controllable actuation units are designed based on piezostack actuators and compliant mechanisms and interconnected into an active metamaterial lattice. Both the actuation units and the metamaterial lattice are modeled, built, and experimentally studied. In experiments, the actuation units attained 240 and 1510 µm extensions, respectively, in quasi-static and resonant operation at 81 Hz, and 0.3 N blocked force at frequencies up to 100 Hz. Quasi-static experiments on the active metamaterial lattice prototype demonstrated morphing into four different configurations: Tilt left, tilt right, convex, and concave profiles. This demonstrated the feasibility of altering the force and deformation distribution within the mechanical metamaterial lattice. Much more research is expected to follow in this field since the actively tuneable mechanical state and properties can enable qualitatively new engineering solutions.
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Kaschke, Johannes, and Martin Wegener. "Optical and Infrared Helical Metamaterials." Nanophotonics 5, no. 4 (September 1, 2016): 510–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0005.
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AbstractBy tailoring metamaterials with chiral unit cells, giant optical activity and strong circular dichroism have been achieved successfully over the past decade. Metamaterials based on arrays of metal helices have revolutionized the field of chiral metamaterials, because of their capability of exhibiting these pronounced chiro-optical effects over previously unmatched bandwidths. More recently, a large number of new metamaterial designs based on metal helices have been introduced with either optimized optical performance or other chiro-optical properties for novel applications.The fabrication of helical metamaterials is, however, challenging and even more so with growing complexity of the metamaterial designs. As conventional two-dimensional nanofabrication methods, for example, electron-beam lithography, are not well suited for helical metamaterials, the development of novel three-dimensional fabrication approaches has been triggered.Here, we will discuss the theory for helical metamaterials and the principle of operation. We also review advancements in helical metamaterial design and their limitations and influence on optical performance. Furthermore, we will compare novel nano- and microfabrication techniques that have successfully yielded metallic helical metamaterials. Finally, we also discuss recently presented applications of helical metamaterials extending beyond the use of far-field circular polarizers.
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Vangelatos, Z., K. Komvopoulos, and CP Grigoropoulos. "Vacancies for controlling the behavior of microstructured three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286518810739.
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Mechanical metamaterials are designed to exhibit enhanced properties not found in natural materials or to bolster the properties of existing materials. The theoretical foundations for tuning the mechanical properties have been established, including topological states, controllable buckling behavior, and quasi-two-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with structures containing vacancies. However, the fabrication and experimental procedures to study these structures at the microscale have not been developed yet and the three-dimensional (3D) architectures examined to date are fairly limited. In this study, 3D mechanical metamaterial structures with select unit cells designed to have vacancies were fabricated by multi-photon lithography, having as the principal objective to control (localize) failure and increase the strain energy capacity of the structure. The metamaterial structure from which all the current designs originate is the octet-truss structure, one of the most widely studied 3D metamaterials. The design of the structures was inspired by the role of vacancies in crystal lattices. Vacancies were introduced in the metamaterial structures to allow localized buckling of lattice members to occur in specific unit cells. The significant increase of the strain energy dissipated in these metamaterials is demonstrated by nanoindentation experiments and finite element results. Vacancy effects on the dynamic response of metamaterial structures are also examined in the light of modal analysis simulations. The findings of this study illustrate the importance of strategically placing vacancies in the microlattices of metamaterial structures to control the overall mechanical behavior and greatly increase strain energy dissipation.
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Karimi Mahabadi, Rayehe, Taha Goudarzi, Romain Fleury, Bakhtiyar Orazbayev, and Reza Naghdabadi. "Effect of mechanical nonlinearity on the electromagnetic response of a microwave tunable metamaterial." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 20 (February 17, 2022): 205102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac5209.
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Abstract Tunable metamaterials functionalities change in response to external stimuli. Mechanical deformation is known to be an efficient approach to tune the electromagnetic response of a deformable metamaterial. However, in the case of large mechanical deformations, which are usually required to fully exploit the potential of the tunable metamaterials, the linear elastic mechanical analysis is no longer suitable. Nevertheless, nonlinear mechanical analysis is missing in the studies of mechanically tunable metamaterials. In this paper, we study the importance of considering nonlinearity in mechanical behavior when analyzing the response of a deformable metamaterial and its effects on electromagnetic behavior. We consider a microwave metamaterial formed by copper four-cut split ring resonators on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. Applying both displacement and force stimuli, we show that when the deformation is large, more than 10 percent strain, the use of nonlinear analysis considering the geometrical and material nonlinearities is imperative. We further show that the discrepancies between the linear and nonlinear analyses appear in overestimating the stress, underestimating the tunability of the metamaterial responses, and mispredicting the negative permeability regions.
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Fan, Yuancheng, Xuan He, Fuli Zhang, Weiqi Cai, Chang Li, Quanhong Fu, Nataliia V. Sydorchuk, and Sergey L. Prosvirnin. "Fano-Resonant Hybrid Metamaterial for Enhanced Nonlinear Tunability and Hysteresis Behavior." Research 2021 (August 13, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9754083.
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Artificial resonant metamaterial with subwavelength localized filed is promising for advanced nonlinear photonic applications. In this article, we demonstrate enhanced nonlinear frequency-agile response and hysteresis tunability in a Fano-resonant hybrid metamaterial. A ceramic cuboid is electromagnetically coupled with metal cut-wire structure to excite the high-Q Fano-resonant mode in the dielectric/metal hybrid metamaterial. It is found that the significant nonlinear response of the ceramic cuboid can be employed for realization of tunable metamaterials by exciting its magnetic mode, and the trapped mode with an asymmetric Fano-like resonance is beneficial to achieve notable nonlinear modulation on the scattering spectrum. The nonlinear tunability of both the ceramic structure and the ceramic/metal hybrid metamaterial is promising to extend the operation band of metamaterials, providing possibility in practical applications with enhanced light-matter interactions.
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Liu, Xiajun, Feng Xia, Mei Wang, Jian Liang, and Maojin Yun. "Working Mechanism and Progress of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Perfect Absorber." Photonics 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020205.
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Electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial subwavelength composites with periodic structures, which can interact strongly with the incident light to achieve effective control of the light field. Metamaterial absorbers can achieve nearly 100% perfect absorption of incident light at a specific frequency, so they are widely used in sensors, optical switches, communication, and other fields. Based on the development history of metamaterials, this paper discusses the research background and significance of metamaterial perfect absorbers. Some perfect absorption mechanisms, such as impedance matching and coherent perfect absorption, are discussed. According to the functional division, the narrowband, dual frequency, multi-frequency, broadband, and tunable metamaterial perfect absorbers are briefly described.
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Sun, Zhanshuo, Xin Wang, Junlin Wang, Hao Li, Yuhang Lu, and Yu Zhang. "Switchable Multifunctional Terahertz Metamaterials Based on the Phase-Transition Properties of Vanadium Dioxide." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071013.
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Currently, terahertz metamaterials are studied in many fields, but it is a major challenge for a metamaterial structure to perform multiple functions. This paper proposes and studies a switchable multifunctional multilayer terahertz metamaterial. Using the phase-transition properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2), metamaterials can be controlled to switch transmission and reflection. Transmissive metamaterials can produce an electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect that can be turned on or off according to different polarization angles. The reflective metamaterial is divided into I-side and II-side by the middle continuous VO2 layer. The I-side metamaterials can realize linear-to-circular polarization conversion from 0.444 to 0.751 THz when the incident angle of the y-polarized wave is less than 30°. The II-side metamaterials can realize linear-to-linear polarization conversion from 0.668 to 0.942 THz when the incident angle of the y-polarized wave is less than 25°. Various functions can be switched freely by changing the conductivity of VO2 and the incident surface. This enables metamaterials to be used as highly sensitive sensors, optical switches, and polarization converters, which provides a new strategy for the design of composite functional metamaterials.
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Fitzgerald, Thomas M., and Michael A. Marciniak. "Full Optical Scatter Analysis for Novel Photonic and Infrared Metamaterials." Advances in Science and Technology 75 (October 2010): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.75.240.
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Artificial structures with sub-optical wavelength features are engineered to feature non-conventional values for material properties such as optical and infrared permeability and permittivity. Such artificial structures are referred to as optical and infrared metamaterials.[1] The application space of electromagnetic metamaterials includes novel sub-wavelength waveguides and antennas, true time delay devices, optical filters, and plasmonic electronic-optical interfaces.[2] In this paper presents an optical diagnostic technique adapted for measuring and analyzing bidirectional polarimetric scatter from novel photonic and infrared metamaterials of interest. This optical diagnostic technique is also broadly applicable to other optical/infrared metamaterial structures that are proposed or developed in the future. The specific project goals are a) Demonstrate a novel metamaterial characterization full-polarimetric diffuse ellipsometry technique suitable to measure desired material properties with stated uncertainty limits for novel photonic and infrared metamaterials of interest. b) Demonstrate incorporation of predictive computational codes that estimate the electro-magnetic property values for metamaterial designs and concepts of interest.
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Zeng, Yi, Liyun Cao, Sheng Wan, Tong Guo, Shuowei An, Yan-Feng Wang, Qiu-Jiao Du, Brice Vincent, Yue-Sheng Wang, and Badreddine Assouar. "Inertially amplified seismic metamaterial with an ultra-low-frequency bandgap." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 081701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102821.
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In last two decades, it has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that seismic metamaterials are capable of isolating seismic surface waves. Inertial amplification mechanisms with small mass have been proposed to design metamaterials to isolate elastic waves in rods, beams, and plates at low frequencies. In this Letter, we propose an alternative type of seismic metamaterial providing an ultra-low-frequency bandgap induced by inertial amplification. A unique kind of inertially amplified metamaterial is first conceived and designed. Its bandgap characteristics for flexural waves are then numerically and experimentally demonstrated. Finally, the embedded inertial amplification mechanism is introduced on a soil substrate to design a seismic metamaterial capable of strongly attenuating seismic surface waves around a frequency of 4 Hz. This work provides a promising alternative way to conceive seismic metamaterials to steer and control surface waves.
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Lan, Jun, Yunpeng Liu, Tao Wang, Yifeng Li, and Xiaozhou Liu. "Acoustic coding metamaterial based on non-uniform Mie resonators." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 16 (April 18, 2022): 163501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071897.
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Acoustic coding metamaterials have important applications in simplifying design procedure and providing a flexible approach to realize complicated functions. Here, we design a 1-bit coding metamaterial for flexibly manipulating the sound propagation path. The capability of subwavelength acoustic propagation control on coding metamaterial is attributed to the dipole-like characteristic of the Mie resonator. The Mie resonator with a subwavelength scale is constructed with a non-uniform structure, which can generate Mie resonance with dipole-like characteristic. Two kinds of coding elements are introduced by horizontally or vertically reversing the Mie resonator in each element. To verify the performance of the designed coding metamaterials, three specific metamaterial patterns are fabricated to give different trajectories of sound propagation. Our finding may open an avenue for designing acoustic metamaterials and is expected to design intelligent acoustic devices with exciting reconfigurable and programmable applications.
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Zhai, Zirui, Yong Wang, and Hanqing Jiang. "Origami-inspired, on-demand deployable and collapsible mechanical metamaterials with tunable stiffness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 9 (February 12, 2018): 2032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720171115.
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Origami has been employed to build deployable mechanical metamaterials through folding and unfolding along the crease lines. Deployable metamaterials are usually flexible, particularly along their deploying and collapsing directions, which unfortunately in many cases leads to an unstable deployed state, i.e., small perturbations may collapse the structure along the same deployment path. Here we create an origami-inspired mechanical metamaterial with on-demand deployability and selective collapsibility through energy analysis. This metamaterial has autonomous deployability from the collapsed state and can be selectively collapsed along two different paths, embodying low stiffness for one path and substantially high stiffness for another path. The created mechanical metamaterial yields load-bearing capability in the deployed direction while possessing great deployability and collapsibility. The principle in this work can be utilized to design and create versatile origami-inspired mechanical metamaterials that can find many applications.
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Hu, Longfei, Ketian Shi, Xiaoguang Luo, Jijun Yu, Bangcheng Ai, and Chao Liu. "Application of Additively Manufactured Pentamode Metamaterials in Sodium/Inconel 718 Heat Pipes." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 3016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113016.
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In this study, pentamode metamaterials were proposed for thermal stress accommodation of alkali metal heat pipes. Sodium/Inconel 718 heat pipes with and without pentamode metamaterial reinforcement were designed and fabricated. Then, these heat pipes were characterized by startup tests and thermal response simulations. It was found that pentamode metamaterial reinforcement did not affect the startup properties of sodium/Inconel 718 heat pipes. At 650–950 °C heating, there was a successful startup of heat pipes with and without pentamode metamaterial reinforcement, displaying uniform temperature distributions. A further simulation indicated that pentamode metamaterials could accommodate thermal stresses in sodium/Inconel 718 heat pipes. With pentamode metamaterial reinforcement, stresses in the heat pipes decreased from 12.9–62.1 to 10.2–52.4 MPa. As a result, sodium/Inconel 718 heat pipes could be used more confidently. This work was instructive for the engineering application of alkali metal heat pipes.
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Wang, Xingzhong, Shiteng Rui, Shaokun Yang, Weiquan Zhang, and Fuyin Ma. "A low-frequency pure metal metamaterial absorber with continuously tunable stiffness." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 45, no. 7 (July 2024): 1209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-024-3158-7.
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AbstractTo address the incompatibility between high environmental adaptability and deep subwavelength characteristics in conventional local resonance metamaterials, and overcome the deficiencies in the stability of existing active control techniques for band gaps, this paper proposes a design method of pure metal vibration damping metamaterial with continuously tunable stiffness for wideband elastic wave absorption. We design a dual-helix narrow-slit pure metal metamaterial unit, which possesses the triple advantage of high spatial compactness, low stiffness characteristics, and high structural stability, enabling the opening of elastic flexural band gaps in the low-frequency range. Similar to the principle of a sliding rheostat, the introduction of continuously sliding plug-ins into the helical slits enables the continuous variation of the stiffness of the metamaterial unit, achieving a continuously tunable band gap effect. This successfully extends the effective band gap by more than ten times. The experimental results indicate that this metamaterial unit can be used as an additional vibration absorber to absorb the low-frequency vibration energy effectively. Furthermore, it advances the metamaterial absorbers from a purely passive narrowband design to a wideband tunable one. The pure metal double-helix metamaterials retain the subwavelength properties of metamaterials and are suitable for deployment in harsh environments. Simultaneously, by adjusting its stiffness, it substantially broadens the effective band gap range, presenting promising potential applications in various mechanical equipment operating under adverse conditions.
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Soerbakti, Yan, Saktioto, Ari Sulistyo Rini, Budi Astuti, Syamsudhuha, Sofia Anita, Hery Suyanto, and Yolanda Rati. "Optimization of Semiconductor-Based SRR Metamaterials as Sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2696, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2696/1/012015.
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Abstract The development of hybrid sensor media is needed to achieve more efficient, sensitive, and accurate performance. Efforts to modify the structure of conventional metamaterials are carried out by integrating semiconductor materials which aim to improve the characteristics of optical properties, electrical properties, and sensitivity as sensors. This study aims to analyze and investigate changes in the optical properties of semiconductor-based metamaterials. The research was conducted through simulation and numerical methods to design and characterize the SRR metamaterial geometry, with a modified Nicolson-Ross-Weir approach, especially the optical parameters of refractive index. The single-cell square pattern SRR metamaterial geometry with a ring radius of 2.2 – 2.8 mm on quartz glass substrate designed at a smaller wavelength based on a maximum frequency source of 9 GHz. The square SRR metamaterial is integrated with several semiconductor materials such as silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and aluminum nitride (AlN). Changes in radius size cause a redshift with respect to radius enlargement. The increasing ring radius of SRR causes a higher resonance depth of the refractive index. Combining hybrid semiconductors with metamaterial results in more negative metamaterial properties as the refractive index becomes larger and negative. The addition of semiconductor material to the metamaterial substrate causes a negative refractive index to shift to a lower frequency.
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Zhao, Long, Zeqi Lu, Hu Ding, and Liqun Chen. "A viscoelastic metamaterial beam for integrated vibration isolation and energy harvesting." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 45, no. 7 (July 2024): 1243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-024-3159-7.
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AbstractLocally resonant metamaterials have low-frequency band gaps and the capability of converging vibratory energy in the band gaps at resonant cells. It has been demonstrated by several researchers that the dissipatioin of vibratory energy within the band gap can be improved by using viscoelastic materials. This paper designs an integrated viscoelastic metamaterial for energy harvesting and vibration isolation. The viscoelastic metamaterial is achieved by a viscoelastic beam periodically arrayed with spatial ball-pendulum nonlinear energy harvesters. The nonlinear resonator with an energy harvesting function is achieved by placing a free-rolling magnetic ball in a spherical cavity with an additional induction coil. The dynamic equations of viscoelastic metamaterials under transverse excitation are established, and the energy harvesting and vibration isolation characteristics within the dispersion relation of viscoelastic metamaterials are analyzed. The results show that the vibrations of the main body of the viscoelastic metamaterial beam are significantly suppressed in the frequency range of the local resonance band gap. At the same time, the elastic waves are limited in the nonlinear resonator with an energy harvesting function, which improves the energy output. Finally, an experimental platform of viscoelastic metamaterial vibration is established for validation purposes.
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Choi, Jung Sik, and Gil Ho Yoon. "An Acoustic Hyperlens with Negative Direction Based on Double Split Hollow Sphere." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 27, no. 02 (June 2019): 1850025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728518500251.
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This study develops a new acoustic negative-refraction metamaterial that utilizes a synthesized double split hollow sphere (DSHS) for its unit cell. Recent relevant research has affirmed the concept that acoustic metamaterials can show unusual behavior that has not been observed in nature previously. However, as some hypothetical metamaterial designs have material properties not found in nature, the realization of practical metamaterials requires practical and complicated models. As a contribution to the development of acoustic metamaterials, the present study proposes a new anisotropic unit structure that encompasses Helmholtz resonators. This structure is referred to as the DSHS, is easy to manufacture, and has the advantage in that it uses the natural medium in its original form. By drawing the equifrequency or isofrequency contours of the designed two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic unit structure using the Floquet–Bloch’s principle, the properties of the present metamaterial can be understood. Numerical simulations are also conducted to identify and present the characteristics of the presented acoustic metamaterial. Through these, a new refraction phenomenon is identified that deviates from Snell’s law, and an acoustic hyperlens is numerically implemented that overcomes the diffraction limit.
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Xie, Xin, Xiao Ming Wang, and Yu Lin Mei. "Acoustic Metamaterial Design Method Based on Green Coordinate Transformation." Materials Science Forum 976 (January 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.976.15.
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Acoustic metamaterials have great application prospects in eliminating vibration and noise, but they are difficult to manufacture due to their anisotropy. This paper utilizes the Green coordinate transformation method to design acoustic metamaterials by combining with the transformation acoustics theory. Because the Green coordinate transformation is the pseudo-conformal mapping in three-dimensional coordinates, the anisotropy of designed metamaterials can be weakened. And also, the genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the anisotropy of metamaterials and reduce the designed metamaterial parameter difference further. Finally, the membrane-imbedded-type metamaterial is applied to realize the design and to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by manipulating the acoustic wave propagation path.
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Jiang, Haoqing, Yue Wang, Zijian Cui, Xiaoju Zhang, Yongqiang Zhu, and Kuang Zhang. "Vanadium Dioxide-Based Terahertz Metamaterial Devices Switchable between Transmission and Absorption." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050715.
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Terahertz metamaterial plays a significant role in the development of imaging, sensing, and communications. The function of conventional terahertz metamaterials was fixed after fabrication. They can only achieve a single function and do not have adjustable characteristics, which greatly limits the scalability and practical application of metamaterial. Here, we propose a vanadium dioxide-based terahertz metamaterial device, which is switchable between being a transmitter and an absorber. The transmission and absorption characteristics and temperature tunable properties of phase change metamaterials in the terahertz band were investigated. As the temperature of vanadium dioxide is varied between 20 °C and 80 °C, the device can switch between transmission and quad-band resonance absorption at the terahertz frequency range, with a high transmission rate of over 80% and a peak absorbance of 98.3%, respectively. In addition, when the device acts as an absorber, the proposed metamaterial device is tunable, and the modulation amplitude can reach 94.3%; while the device is used as a transmissive device, the modulation amplitude of the transmission peak at 81%. The results indicate that the proposed metamaterial device can promote the applications of terahertz devices, such as switching, modulation, and sensing.
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Craig, Steven R., Bohan Wang, Xiaoshi Su, Debasish Banerjee, Phoebe J. Welch, Mighten C. Yip, Yuhang Hu, and Chengzhi Shi. "Extreme material parameters accessible by active acoustic metamaterials with Willis coupling." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 3 (March 2022): 1722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009771.
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Active acoustic metamaterials incorporate electric circuit elements that input energy into an otherwise passive medium to aptly modulate the effective material properties. Here, we propose an active acoustic metamaterial with Willis coupling to drastically extend the tunability of the effective density and bulk modulus with the accessible parameter range enlarged by at least two orders of magnitude compared to that of a non-Willis metamaterial. Traditional active metamaterial designs are based on local resonances without considering the Willis coupling that limit their accessible effective material parameter range. Our design adopts a unit cell structure with two sensor-transducer pairs coupling the acoustic response on both sides of the metamaterial by detecting incident waves and driving active signals asymmetrically superimposed onto the passive response of the material. The Willis coupling results from feedback control circuits with unequal gains. These asymmetric feedback control circuits use Willis coupling to expand the accessible range of the effective density and bulk modulus of the metamaterial. The extreme effective material parameters realizable by the metamaterials will remarkably broaden their applications in biomedical imaging, noise control, and transformation acoustics-based cloaking.
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Bang, Sanghun, Jeonghyun Kim, Gwanho Yoon, Takuo Tanaka, and Junsuk Rho. "Recent Advances in Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterials." Micromachines 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9110560.
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Metamaterials are composed of nanostructures, called artificial atoms, which can give metamaterials extraordinary properties that cannot be found in natural materials. The nanostructures themselves and their arrangements determine the metamaterials’ properties. However, a conventional metamaterial has fixed properties in general, which limit their use. Thus, real-world applications of metamaterials require the development of tunability. This paper reviews studies that realized tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials that are categorized by the mechanisms that cause the change: inducing temperature changes, illuminating light, inducing mechanical deformation, and applying electromagnetic fields. We then provide the advantages and disadvantages of each mechanism and explain the results or effects of tuning. We also introduce studies that overcome the disadvantages or strengthen the advantages of each classified tunable metamaterial.
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BOURAS, Khedidja, Abdelhadi LABIAD, Chaker SALEH, and Mouloud BOUZOUAD. "Emulation of metamaterial waveguides." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v3i3.67.
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In this work, we are interested by emulating metamaterial microwave waveguides which behave like conventional metallic ones. We use metamaterial layers based on two types of unit cells. The first one is a connected cross type unit cell which leads to a metamaterial with a near zero refraction index (n1≈ 0). The second one is a disconnected cross type unit cell which leads to a metamaterial with a refraction index greater than unity (n2 >1). With these two type of metamaterials we can define, in the metamaterial layer, different sections each one can have a refraction index equal to n1 or n2. Using these metamaterial layers we can build a metamaterial waveguide. This latter is obtained by stacking a number of layers. The waveguide is obtained by selecting an inner section with a refraction index n2 and an outer section with a refraction index n1 close to zero which plays a similar role as a metallic reflector to form the waveguide.
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Baz, Amr M. "Bandgap and mode shape tuning of piezoelectric metamaterial." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010956.
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The mode shape of piezoelectric metamaterials is tuned by manipulating spatially the electrical boundary conditions of the piezo-elements, in a desired and controlled manner, in order to tailor the wave propagation characteristics through these metamaterials. The proposed concept relies on the fact that open-circuit piezo-elements made of lead-zirconate-titanate ( PZT 4) are twice as stiff as the same piezo-elements when operating under short-circuit conditions. Appropriate switching of the boundary conditions of the different piezo-elements between open and short-circuit conditions results in any desirable spatially distribution of the stiffness over the entire metamaterial volume. With such capabilities, it would be possible to control the bandgap characteristics of the metamaterial. But, more importantly, it would also be feasible to alter the mode shape characteristics of the metamaterial in order to control the magnitude and direction of wave propagation. This in effect enables controlling or breaking the reciprocity characteristics of the metamaterial. A finite element model ( FEM) is developed to model the bandgap and mode shape characteristics of one-dimensional piezo-metamaterial. The effect of various switching strategies on the location and spectral width of the bandgap characteristics is illustrated. Furthermore, the switching strategies are also shown to influence the mode shapes, energy flow, and reciprocity characteristics of the piezo-metamaterial.
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Neil, Thomas R., Zhiyuan Shen, Daniel Robert, Bruce W. Drinkwater, and Marc W. Holderied. "Moth wings are acoustic metamaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (November 23, 2020): 31134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014531117.
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Metamaterials assemble multiple subwavelength elements to create structures with extraordinary physical properties (1–4). Optical metamaterials are rare in nature and no natural acoustic metamaterials are known. Here, we reveal that the intricate scale layer on moth wings forms a metamaterial ultrasound absorber (peak absorption = 72% of sound intensity at 78 kHz) that is 111 times thinner than the longest absorbed wavelength. Individual scales act as resonant (5) unit cells that are linked via a shared wing membrane to form this metamaterial, and collectively they generate hard-to-attain broadband deep-subwavelength absorption. Their collective absorption exceeds the sum of their individual contributions. This sound absorber provides moth wings with acoustic camouflage (6) against echolocating bats. It combines broadband absorption of all frequencies used by bats with light and ultrathin structures that meet aerodynamic constraints on wing weight and thickness. The morphological implementation seen in this evolved acoustic metamaterial reveals enticing ways to design high-performance noise mitigation devices.
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He, Yufang, Xiangtian Kong, Juntao He, Junpu Ling, and Mingyao Pi. "A novel all-metal metamaterial for constructing relativistic slow wave structure." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083360.
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In recent vacuum electronic devices, metamaterials have shown an obvious advantage of miniaturization. Due to increasing miniaturization demand, research of metamaterials in high-power microwave (HPM) field is now also a hotspot. For better applications of metamaterials, there are still two issues to be solved, the low space limit current of the structure and the low uniformity of the working electric field. To solve these problems, we construct a novel all-metal metamaterial structure by applying a 45° rotational arrangement in space and a four-support rod structure. This new metamaterial structure has a great uniformity of the axis electric field, and its electric field fluctuation is reduced from 8.6% to 2.8%. Based on this metamaterial structure, we proposed a novel relativistic slow wave structure, and its working mode has a negative dispersion characteristic. Using the method of expanding the electron beam channel, the space limit current of the relativistic slow wave structure is greatly improved to 12.3 kA, and the particle simulation method is used to prove the increase in the space limit current. In addition, it is found that this slow wave structure has higher coupling impedance, which provides a better working environment for an annular relativistic electron beam. Therefore, this metamaterial structure has great potential in the HPM field.
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Xu, Rui-Jia, and Yu-Sheng Lin. "Actively MEMS-Based Tunable Metamaterials for Advanced and Emerging Applications." Electronics 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020243.
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In recent years, tunable metamaterials have attracted intensive research interest due to their outstanding characteristics, which are dependent on the geometrical dimensions rather than the material composition of the nanostructure. Among tuning approaches, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is a well-known technology that mechanically reconfigures the metamaterial unit cells. In this study, the development of MEMS-based metamaterial is reviewed and analyzed based on several types of actuators, including electrothermal, electrostatic, electromagnetic, and stretching actuation mechanisms. The moveable displacement and driving power are the key factors in evaluating the performance of actuators. Therefore, a comparison of actuating methods is offered as a basic guideline for selecting micro-actuators integrated with metamaterial. Additionally, by exploiting electro-mechanical inputs, MEMS-based metamaterials make possible the manipulation of incident electromagnetic waves, including amplitude, frequency, phase, and the polarization state, which enables many implementations of potential applications in optics. In particular, two typical applications of MEMS-based tunable metamaterials are reviewed, i.e., logic operation and sensing. These integrations of MEMS with metamaterial provide a novel route for the enhancement of conventional optical devices and exhibit great potentials in innovative applications, such as intelligent optical networks, invisibility cloaks, photonic signal processing, and so on.
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Enaki, Nicolae A., Ion Munteanu, Tatiana Paslari, Marina Turcan, Elena Starodub, Sergiu Bazgan, Diana Podoleanu, et al. "Topological Avenue for Efficient Decontamination of Large Volumes of Fluids via UVC Irradiation of Packed Metamaterials." Materials 16, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 4559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134559.
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Nowadays, metamaterials application enjoys notoriety in fluid decontamination and pathogen annihilation, which are frequently present in polluted fluids (e.g., water, blood, blood plasma, air or other gases). The depollution effect is largely enhanced by UVC irradiation. The novelty of this contribution comes from the significant increase by packing of the total surface of metamaterials in contact with contaminated fluids. Packed metamaterial samples are subjected to UVC irradiation, with expected advantages for implant sterilization and long-term prevention of nosocomial infections over large clinical areas. The novel aspect of the investigation consists of a combination of big and small elements of the metamaterial to optimize the above effects connected with fluids and irradiation. The big elements allow the radiation to penetrate deep inside the fluid, and the small elements optimally disperse this radiation toward deeper regions of the metamaterial. A packing scheme of smaller, in-between large metamaterial spheres and fibres is proposed for promoting enhanced depollution against pathogen agents. It is demonstrated that the total surface of metamaterials in contact with contaminated fluids/surface is significantly increased as a result of packing. This opens, in our opinion, new auspicious perspectives in the construction of novel equipment with high sensibility in the detection and decontamination of microorganisms.
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Khodaei, Mohammad Javad, Amin Mehrvarz, Reza Ghaffarivardavagh, and Nader Jalili. "Retrieving effective acoustic impedance and refractive index for size mismatch samples." AIP Advances 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 065224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082371.
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In this paper, we have presented an analytical solution to extract the effective properties of acoustic metamaterials from the measured complex transmission and reflection coefficients when the metamaterial and impedance tube have different sizes. We first considered the air gap as a separate domain and modeled the problem as a bilayer metamaterial inside a duct. Then, we established theoretically that when the dimensions of an acoustic metamaterial are known, the effective properties may be derived by solving a set of eight linear equations. Finally, we assessed the proposed technique using numerical simulation data. The proposed method is shown to calculate the effective refractive index and impedance with an error of less than 1%. This method provides an efficient approach to analyze the effective properties of acoustic metamaterials of different sizes.
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Cui, Hangrui, Jiazhen Zhang, Ziping Wang, and Rahim Gorgin. "A Pragmatic Design of Elastic Metamaterial with Extreme Anisotropic Stiffness." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2671, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2671/1/012016.
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Abstract Traditional elastic metamaterials encounter difficulties when trying to independently adjust the operating frequency in two perpendicular directions. In this research, we present a practical active elastic metamaterial with the capability to achieve extreme stiffness anisotropy. Our approach involves incorporating piezoelectric patches, coupled with adjustable conductance, into the microstructure unit cell to control the effective elastic stiffness in both primary directions. We conduct simulations to manipulate wave propagation within such metamaterials and conduct experimental investigations to validate the design. The obtained results closely align with mathematical analysis and numerical predictions, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed metamaterial. This novel approach offers a versatile and innovative design methodology for elastic metamaterials.