To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Metamorphosis of Plants.
Journal articles on the topic 'Metamorphosis of Plants'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Metamorphosis of Plants.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Byrne, Isabel, Robyn Thomson, Rory Thomson, Duncan Murray-Uren, and J. Roger Downie. "Observations on metamorphosing tadpoles of Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Anura: Centrolenidae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 19, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v19i2p217-223.
Full textAbstract:
Observations on metamorphosing tadpoles of Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Anura: Centrolenidae). Metamorphosis, when anuran amphibians resorb their tails and remodel their mouthparts and internal organs, is a vulnerable stage in the frog’s life history. As larvae metamorphose from tadpoles to adult frogs, they are neither suited to aquatic life nor ready for active terrestrial life. Previous studies have examined the duration of metamorphosis in a range of species, with respect to tadpole size, habitat, and other factors; however, the duration of metamorphosis relative to where it takes place has not been reported in centrolenids. In Hyalinobatrachium orientale, metamorphosis takes place on the upper surfaces of the leaves of low understory plants and lasts 3.5–4.0 days, a little longer than expected for the tadpole of this body size. Metamorphs seem to shift their perches from leaf to leaf randomly. There are no significant differences in the temperature or relative humidity of the upper and lower surfaces of leaves in the forest understory; thus, the presence of the metamorphs on the upper surfaces of leaves may provide moisture from the upper story vegetation after rain and protect them from terrestrial predators.
2
von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang. "The Metamorphosis of the Plants : Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen." KronoScope 6, no. 2 (2006): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852406779751872.
Full text
3
Lim, Wooyoung. "Goethe's Natural Poems “The Metamorphosis of Plants” and “Metamorphosis of Animals”." Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies 80 (November 30, 2020): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22344/fls.2020.80.67.
Full text
4
Veres, Ottilia. "Spaces in Between in the Myth of Myrrha: A Metamorphosis into Tree." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 11, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2019-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Within the larger context of metamorphoses into plants in Greek and Roman mythology, the paper aims to analyse the myth of Myrrha and her metamorphosis into a tree, focusing on the triggering cause of the transformation as well as the response given to her newly-acquired form of life. Myrrha’s transformation into a myrrh tree takes place as a consequence of her transgressive incestuous act of love with her father, Cinyras. Her metamorphosis occurs as a consequence of sinful passion – passion in extremis –, and she sacrifices her body (and human life/existence) in her escape. I will look at Ovid’s version of the myth as well as Ted Hughes’s adaptation of the story from his Tales from Ovid. My discussion of the transformation into tree starts out from the consideration that metamorphosis is the par excellence place and space of in-betweenness implying an inherent hybridity and blurred, converging subjectivities, a state of being that allows for passages, overlaps, crossings, and simultaneities. I am interested to see in what ways Myrrha’s incestuous desire for her father as well as her metamorphosis into a tree can be “rooted” back to her great-grandfather Pygmalion’s transgressive love for the ivory statue Galatea.
5
Schmitzer, Valentina, Tim Gerdin, Ria Ilersic, Anja Zaucer, and Mateja Kregar Tršar. "Captured Moments of Landscape Metamorphosis." SPOOL 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/spool.2022.3.01.
Full textAbstract:
Landscape architecture students at the University of Ljubljana were encouraged to prepare temporal series of landscape and plant drawings to sharpen their sensitivity to changes in the perception of a land motive and vegetation morphology. Students chose a particular motive, defined the frame of the drawing, and identified characteristic plants on site. The motives were sketched several times during the year to portray seasonal changes. Specific environmental conditions (fog, rain, sunny day) were captured in drawings, and in the case of plants, drawings revealed the transitions of selected physiological events (budding, flowering, fruiting). These transformations were discussed in connection with landscape perception and as a tool in the design process.
6
Dornelas, Marcelo Carnier, and Odair Dornelas. "From leaf to flower: revisiting Goethe's concepts on the ¨metamorphosis¨ of plants." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, no. 4 (December 2005): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202005000400001.
Full textAbstract:
Goethe’s seminal scientific work, Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklaren (An Attempt to Interpret the Metamorphosis of Plants) dated from 1790, has created the foundations for many domains of modern plant biology. The archetypal leaf concept, which considers floral organs as modified leaves, besides being the best known has been proven true, following the description of the ABC molecular model of floral organ identity determination during the last decade. Here we analyze the whole theoretical frame of Goethe’s 1790 publication and present two previously misconsidered aspects of this work: The "refinement of the sap" concept as a directional principle and the "cycles of contractions and expansions" as cycles of differential determination of the shoot apical meristem. The reinterpretation of these concepts are in line with the modern view that molecular networks integrate both environmental and endogenous cues and regulate plant development. This reassessment also helps to elaborate a theoretical frame that considers the evolutionary conservation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plant development.
7
Gokmen, Sabri. "Metamorphic Leaves." Leonardo 53, no. 5 (October 2020): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01741.
Full textAbstract:
This article introduces an algorithm influenced by Goethe's concept of metamorphosis capable of generating a wide range of parametric leaf forms. Metamorphosis is defined as alternating stages of expansion and contraction that are observable during the development of flowering plants. This principle is extended toward leaf morphology, where two main developmental trajectories are outlined. By formulating simple two-dimensional geometric rules, the author tests the concept of metamorphosis on parametric leaf forms.
8
Kuehn, Sara. "Metamorphosis, Mediation, Mannat." Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 18, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 62–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.23391.
Full textAbstract:
In the South Asian discourse of Sufism, or Islamic mysticism, ‘natural’ functions can be transcended and bodily boundaries are permeable. Defying species boundaries, this relational ontology entails a belief in the capacity for bodily transformation, or metamorphosis, from one category of being to another (as from human to nonhuman animal). In turn, both human and animal actors enter into conversation with mediating ‘spirits’. To this day, these religious entanglements, passed down through generations, allow Sufi communities in Bangladesh and Pakistan to protect ‘sacred’ animals at shrines as vital refuges for wildlife species and to make an important contribution to their conservation. The relational dynamics allow for the cultural division between human and non-human life forms (plants, animals, and spirits) to be problematized, and permeable boundaries to be dissolved into liminal and dynamic zones of interaction. Deeply entangled, agents both human and non-human actively participate in shared ritual configurations that take place within and are nourished by a locally embedded Sufi spirituality. Ritual and devotional practices revolve around their intercessory mediation (shafa'at) with the divine, which endows them with spiritual agency, as they engage in cycles of exchange, such as the practice of taking vows (mannat). Within the framework of this Sufi-inspired, locally embedded spirituality, it is possible for animals to be genuine agents, to have spiritual ‘agency’ and to be involved in cycles of exchange.
9
GRAY, WILLIAM. "Goethe's The Metamorphosis of Plants: the issue of science and poetry." Archives of Natural History 21, no. 3 (October 1994): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1994.21.3.379.
Full text
10
Aviekin, Y. V., N. V. Nuzhyna, and M. M. Gaidarzhy. "Metamorphosis differences of caudiciform plants as an adaptation to arid conditions." Biosystems Diversity 31, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012303.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of evolution, the formation of succulent variations in the underground and surface parts of plants in different taxa could occur simultaneously under the influence of similar abiotic factors, in particular as an adaptation to arid conditions, and similar structural features even in distant families are a manifestation of convergent evolution. Along with this, the development of such adaptive structures in ontogeny can occur in different ways in different taxa. Studying the anatomical and morphological features of the vegetative organs of Fockea edulis (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) at the early stages of ontogenesis and comparing them with those of other plants will improve the understanding of the features of growth and development of caudex-like plants. The research was conducted on seedlings, juvenile and immature plants of F. edulis. When comparing the features of the development of vegetative parts of three representatives of the Apocynaceae family, we found that the strategy of succulent traits development in F. edulis at the organ level is characterized by the active development of the hypocotyl already at the seedling stage, similar to Adenium obesum, and the subsequent formation of an expanded basal part of the stem due to the combined cortex-pith thickening and radish-like root due to the growth of xylem parenchyma. However, Petopentia natalensis is characterized by a mesophytic seedling. It was established that secondary thickening in the basal part of the stem occurs in two individual ways: in Adenium obesum, the cambium generates solid rings of phloem and parenchymatized xylem; in P. natalensis and F. edulis, the bundle type of conducting elements is preserved. The thickening of the tap root in F. edulis is similar to that in A. obesum.
11
McDaniel, C. N., and L. K. Hartnett. "Flowering as metamorphosis: two sequential signals regulate floral initiation in Lolium temulentum." Development 122, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 3661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.11.3661.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated floral initiation in the long-day monocot Lolium temulentum, strain Ceres, by culturing apices explanted from photoperiodically induced plants at various times after one inductive long day onto medium with, and without, gibberellin. Apices cultured on the first day after the inductive long day usually required gibberellin in the medium to initiate floral morphogenesis while apices explanted on the second day after induction did not require gibberellin. Apices explanted on the first day after induction onto medium without gibberellin grew vegetatively for many days but a several-day exposure to culture medium with gibberellin at any time caused most apices to initiate floral morphogenesis. The gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, ancymidol, when applied to plants before apex excision and when present in the culture medium reduced floral initiation by more than 50% in the absence of added gibberellin in the medium, but it was ineffective in the presence of gibberellin. These results indicated that floral initiation in photoperiodically induced plants resulted from two signals acting at the apex. The first signal induced the apex into a florally determined state and then the second signal, gibberellin, elicited expression of the florally determined state. Leaf removal and culture of apices from plants previously treated with gibberellin provided evidence that the leaf-applied gibberellin did not itself act on the apex to cause floral determination or initiation. Rather, the exogenous gibberellin appeared to stimulate the production of a signal in the leaves that then led to floral initiation.
12
Ustimenko, Valery Nikolayevich, and Gennadiy Vasilyevich Khodakov. "RESEARCHING THE CONNATURAL MONOTERPENIC HYDROCARBONS BIOSYNTHESIS DYNAMICS APPLYING THE KINETIC MODEL AND THE STATE SPACE MODEL." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 151 (December 30, 2019): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2019-2-151-94-108.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate in succession the dynamics of monoterpenic hydrocarbons biosynthesis in plants of genus Artemisia the algorithm, which connects the intermediates analysis of results after each stage processes and the comparison of theoretical conclusions with new experimental data is developed in this article. It is proved that the uniform kinetic model of chemical essential compounds transformations in a stream from the glucose, mevalonate and isoprene to monoterpenes developed by authors is universal kinetics model in order to explain the connatural biosynthesis of monoterpenes in any ethereous carrier plants. There are founded some kinetic (by specific velocities of biochemical stages of metamorphosis) and a balance sheet (by rations between ring closure degrees) relations during the monoterpenes connatural biosynthesis corresponding to the vegetative phases. The state space model (SSM) for open nonlinear biochemical system is compounded. In this model macroscopic metamorphosis of essential substances is introduced as the sequence of vector's micro-alterations (or a velocity of the modification of a system's biochemical composition) in a orthogonal system of co-ordinates. At the application of the model to substantiate with the theory of a kinetic chemo-systematics, which becomes clear correlations between plants-producers is offered. The biochemical substantiation of individual distinctive indications between plants of genus Artemisia for seven types is introduced, such as: A.abrotanum, A.annua, A.dracunculus, A.glauca, A.scoparia (two c hemostrains) and A.taurica. The mathematical model of molecular-and-phylogenetic exposition of the relationship in a flora based on the example of genus Artemisia is compounded. The influence of environmental factors on kinetic parameters of monoterpenes biosynthesis in plants of the genus A.scoparia from different regions of their growth by means of comparative graph-analytic and matrix analyses of their accumulation dynamics in plants by own results of the experiment and the literary data with the made by authors modeling calculations is proved. The possibility to combine the systematization of plants based on morph-anatomic principles and chemo-regular principles based on the kinetic particularities of monoterpenes biosynthesis during the chemo-phases in vegetative taxons is shown.
13
Górka, Elżbieta. "The Motif of Arboreal Metamorphosis in the Neo-Latin Pastoral. The Case Study of Jacopo Sannazaro’s Salices and Pierre-Daniel Huet’s Vitis." Collectanea Philologica, no. 26 (October 5, 2023): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-0319.26.16.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to analyse two examples of the motif of arboreal metamorphosis in the Neo-Latin bucolic, present in the poems by Jacopo Sannazaro (Salices) and Pierre-Daniel Huet (Vitis). In Salices, nymphs fleeing from the deities are transformed into willows, repeting the fate of Ovid’s Daphne, Syrinx and the Heliades. In Vitis the poet creates a story about a nymph, named Vitis, on the basis of the love story of the satyr Ampelos and Dionysus. For betraying Bacchus, she is turned into a vine and her lover Ulmus into an elm. Their fate is similar to Ovid’s Myrrha and Philemon and Baucis. In the history of Vitis, particularly in the description of the lovers’ metamorphosis, one can see borrowings from Sannazaro. Both bucolic poems are linked by the ambiguity of the ontological status of the newly created plants. They differ in their moral interpretation of metamorphosis. The turning of the nymphs into trees can be understood as some kind of punishment for the rape that had been committed on them. On the other hand, Vitis, who committed treachery, is in fact rewarded and by the will of Jupiter she remains united with her lover forever.
14
Sevostyanov, A. E., V. A. Sokolov, and V. N. Darmograj. "PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION FITOEKDYSTEROIDS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 14, no. 1 (March 9, 2006): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pavlovj2017186-96.
Full textAbstract:
Fitoekdysteroids consist from the steroid nature being metamorphosis of arthropods hormone. They contain in plants. Scientific researches are carried out since 1930.They have different properties: adhesion of damaged tissues, enlarge amount of erythrocytes, reduce an inflammation. Them use in therapy and surgery for treatment of various diseases. It is possible to apply in an ophthalmology to adhesion. Application of the medicinal preparations rendering positive action on an adhesion in a cornea of eye is perspective.
15
Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Family Braconidae as a parasitoid of insect pests for the world fruit industry." Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 013–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjls.2022.3.2.0040.
Full textAbstract:
The Braconidae Family are wasps mainly of parasitic habits. Members of the Mesostoinae are not parasitic but rather form galls on plants. In many species polyembryony occurs: an egg multiplies clonally producing many individuals. The larva develops on or inside the body of its host, mainly other insects with complete metamorphosis (holometabolous) and some with simple metamorphosis (hemimetabolous). The family has two major lineages: the cyclostomes and the non-cyclostomes, this condition is related to the shape of the clypeus. According to biology, two groups can be found: idiobionts and koinobionts (cenobionts). The aim of this study is to describe the phenology of the Braconidae Family (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In its conceptual and taxonomic aspect. To this end, a bibliographic survey of Braconidae was carried out in the years 1989 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented at national and international scientific events. Data were also obtained from platforms such as: Academia.edu, Frontiers, Qeios, Pubmed, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science and ERIC.
16
Root, Christina. "The Proteus Within." Janus Head 8, no. 1 (2005): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20058149.
Full textAbstract:
The essay examines passages from Henry David Thoreau's journal and Walden as illustrations of Goethe's phenomenological approach to nature, focusing on the influence on Thoreau of Goethe's discovery of metamorphosis as the generative principle of plants, and his proclamation that "first to last the plant is nothing but leaf." The essay shows how Goethe and Thoreau bring a poet's heightened awareness of language to their scientific observation of nature, and argues that their attention to figurative language, its limits as well as its possibilities, helps them and their readers to develop the needed flexibility to think along with rather than merely about nature.
17
Dezhi, Li, and Qin Aili. ""The Metamorphosis of Plants" by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe with Gordon L. Miller. 2009. [book review]." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1018.
Full text
18
Conner, Jeffrey K., Idelle A. Cooper, Raffica J. La Rosa, Samuel G. Pérez, and Anne M. Royer. "Patterns of phenotypic correlations among morphological traits across plants and animals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1649 (August 19, 2014): 20130246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0246.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the long-standing interest of biologists in patterns of correlation and phenotypic integration, little attention has been paid to patterns of correlation across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. We report analyses of mean phenotypic correlations among a variety of linear measurements from a wide diversity of plants and animals, addressing questions about function, development, integration and modularity. These analyses suggest that vertebrates, hemimetabolous insects and vegetative traits in plants have similar mean correlations, around 0.5. Traits of holometabolous insects are much more highly correlated, with a mean correlation of 0.84; this may be due to developmental homeostasis caused by lower spatial and temporal environmental variance during complete metamorphosis. The lowest mean correlations were those between floral and vegetative traits, consistent with Berg's ideas about functional independence between these modules. Within trait groups, the lowest mean correlations were among vertebrate head traits and floral traits (0.38–0.39). The former may be due to independence between skull modules. While there is little evidence for floral integration overall, certain sets of functionally related floral traits are highly integrated. A case study of the latter is described from wild radish flowers.
19
Cortezzi, Francisco. "AÇAÍ IN THE GLOBALIZATION MODEL OF AMAZON PLANTS: AN ANCIENT PRODUCT, NEW FORMS OF SPATIAL PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION." Geosaberes 11 (July 5, 2020): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.26895/geosaberes.v11i0.975.
Full textAbstract:
Originating from the palm Euterpe oleracea, the açaí is an endemic fruit of the Amazon rainforest, the consumption of which has grown strongly in Brazil since the 1990s and is emerging in other regions of the world. Consumed mainly in the form of pulp and erected as a "superfruit" by marketing players for its antioxidant and nutritional potential, the açaí berry goes through a dynamic process encompassing both its space production and international distribution circuit as well as its composition derivative products. In this conjuncture, our main objective is to understand the metamorphosis of the acai, that is to say when it is perceived much more as an economic resource than as a natural resource. To achieve this objective, our research uses as a main basis the Globalization Model of Amazonian Plants, proposed and developed by Beaufort (2017).
20
Chang, Rong Chi. "A Novel AR-Based Interactive E-Learning Platform." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1244.
Full textAbstract:
This present study combines augmented reality and interactive multimedia for the construction of a learning system that offers educational knowledge on butterfly metamorphosis, as we call it ARButterfly. The main purpose of designing this learning platform is to apply AR technology to produce innovative interactive learning models that are both fun and educational, creating an enriched learning experience through multimedia. With this platform, learners control the AR markers and are presented with life-like 3D objects to learn about the life cycle of butterflies. In addition, learners are given the opportunity to further observe the ecological interactions between butterflies and flowers or plants in this virtual setting. Our findings show the platform is capable of boosting students’ learning interests and improving their learning effectiveness.
21
Ehmke, Adelheid, Ludger Witte, Andreas Biller, and Thomas Hartmann. "Sequestration, N-Oxidation and Transformation of Plant Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids by the Arctiid Moth Tyria jacobaeae L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1990): 1185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-11-1217.
Full textAbstract:
Larvae of the arctiid moth Tyria jacobaeae reared on Senecio jacobaea or S. vulgaris take up and store pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from their host plants. Individual PAs are taken up without preference. The PA patterns found in the insect bodies correspond to the PA composition of their host plants. Like plants the insects store PAs as N-oxides, and larvae as well as pupae are specifically able to N -oxidize any tertiary PA. Callimorphine (O9-(2-methyl-2-acetoxybutanoyl)-retronecine), an insect PA well known from several arctiids, was found in pupae and imagines of Tyria which as larvae had been fed on S. jacobaea. It is accompanied by small amounts of its isomer O7-(2-methyl-2-acetoxybutanoyl)-retronecine named isocallimor-phine. The callimorphines may well account for 45% of total PAs found in the insect. Only small amounts of callimorphine were detected in pupae of Tyria which as larvae had been fed on S. vulgaris. [14C]Callimorphine N -oxide was isolated and identified from Tyria pupae which as larvae received [14C]retronecine. It is suggested that Tyria is able to esterify retronecine, derived from hydrolysis of ingested plant PAs with a necic acid produced by the insect. During metamorphosis the formation of callimorphine is restricted to the early stage of pupation.
22
Chamchuen, Phanu, Boonyarath Pratoomchat, Arunee Engkakul, Uthaiwan Kovitvadhi, and Krisna Rungruangsak-Torrissen. "Development of Enzymes andIn VitroDigestibility during Metamorphosis and Molting of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus)." Journal of Marine Biology 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/436789.
Full textAbstract:
The work focuses on development of digestive enzymes (amylase, total protease, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) and activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin (T/C ratio) for digestive efficiency and growth, in blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) during metamorphosis and molting. Specific activities of all enzyme parameters studied were associated with growth during metamorphosis, while only those of trypsin and T/C ratio were associated during molting cycle where trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activities associated with consumption rate with especially high levels during late intermolt and early premolt stages. About 50% increased weight gain was observed with at least double increased T/C ratio at the end of molting period, compared to the stages prior to molting. Growth of carapace would be more significant after finishing molting. Carapace width gain and T/C ratio were highest at the first crab stage. Studies ofin vitroprotein digestibility of different feed raw materials indicated thatArtemia, Rotifer, andMoinaare the best for larval stages. Otherwise, the use of shrimp feed andArtemiaflake could be the alternatives. Incorporating of cassava meal into the feed formula for early adult stage (juvenile) could be an advantage. The proteins from animals are more beneficial for adult crab culture than the proteins from plants and bacteria. The digestible quality of dietary protein is very important during larval stages, while the protein level of diet is more important during adult stages with fully developed digestive enzymes.
23
Kim, Yongha. "A Comparative Study of Plant Ethics in Toegye Yi Hwang’s “Maehwasicheop” and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Metamorphosis of Plants”." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 43, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2021.05.43.5.731.
Full text
24
Mulgrew, Susan M. "Control of Black Vine Weevil Larvae Using Nematodes, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.341a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BVW-infested Euonymus fortunel radicans, growing outdoors in 2-gal containers in a Massachusetts commercial nursery were treated with 3 commercially-produced nematode strains.. Two strains of Heterorhabditis sp. (HL 81 and HP 88) and one strain of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (= Neoplectana carpocapsae Weiser) (NC All) were applied on 3 dates; 6 May (light rain, 17°C); 20 May (cloudy, 20°C); 6 Jun (cloudy, 21°C) to determine the effect of timing of application on the ability of the nematodes to control black vine weevil larvae. The completely randomized experimental design consisted of 20 replicate plants/treatment teematode strain;application date or the untreated check).. The commercial nematode preparations were suspended in 10 liters of tap water and applied to the surface of the container medium (3:2 hardwood bark:sand by vol) at a rate of 1,000,000 nematodes/m2. Efficacy of the treatments was determined by the number of BVW per container that successfully completed metamorphosis and emerged as adults from the container medium (the plants were covered with cheesecloth netting attached to the outside of the container to keep emerging BVW inside the containers and to exclude migrating BVW).
25
Noble, Luke M., and Alex Andrianopoulos. "Reproductive competence: a recurrent logic module in eukaryotic development." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1766 (September 7, 2013): 20130819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0819.
Full textAbstract:
Developmental competence is the ability to differentiate in response to an appropriate stimulus, as first elaborated by Waddington in relation to organs and tissues. Competence thresholds operate at all levels of biological systems from the molecular (e.g. the cell cycle) to the ontological (e.g. metamorphosis and reproduction). Reproductive competence, an organismal process, is well studied in mammals (sexual maturity) and plants (vegetative phase change), though far less than later stages of terminal differentiation. The phenomenon has also been documented in multiple species of multicellular fungi, mostly in early, disparate literature, providing a clear example of physiological differentiation in the absence of morphological change. This review brings together data on reproductive competence in Ascomycete fungi, particularly the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans , contrasting mechanisms within Unikonts and plants. We posit reproductive competence is an elementary logic module necessary for coordinated development of multicellular organisms or functional units. This includes unitary multicellular life as well as colonial species both unicellular and multicellular (e.g. social insects such as ants). We discuss adaptive hypotheses for developmental and reproductive competence systems and suggest experimental work to address the evolutionary origins, generality and genetic basis of competence in the fungal kingdom.
26
Sushree Sangita Mohapatra and P. Arya Alok. "Niche occupancy and dietary profiling of Polypedates maculates tadpoles in temporary ponds of Northen Odisha." International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (IJFAS) 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59415/ijfas.v7i3.124.
Full textAbstract:
All living creatures, whether plants or animals depend on the food available in the system for nourishment and energy necessary for the completion of their life cycle. Feeding constituents are always been the important aspect of biology of tadpoles, which is the main target of this study. Available dietary resources in the ecosystem is especially important in tadpoles because they need to attend the early stage in very short-lived aquatic environments i.e. temporal ponds and tadpoles need to consume food that will ensure their metamorphosis prior to drying up the pond. Tadpoles of Polypedates maculatus were collected from temporary ponds of northern Odisha. The guts of tadpoles were dissected out and analysed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of food consumed. Diet is basically composed of microalgae and relatively low amount of detritus. The algae belonging to class Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae were recorded. The numeric frequency (NF%) and frequency of occurrence (FO%) of different food items show the species richness and abundance, which is consumed by tadpole. Huge diversity of algal flora as tadpole’s food items are determined by the two diversity indices i.e. Simposon and Shannon-Weiner. Niche breadth of the tadpole was analysed through Levin’s measure. The physicochemical parameters of water signifies the pollution free tadpole’s habitat, which the support the growth and metamorphosis of tadpoles. The diet preference and choice of algae as food indicates that the conservation of habitat in terms of algal diversity is essential for survival and completion of their life cycle of the tadpoles for successful survival of anurans.
27
Tuleubayeva, A., A. Ospanova, and A. Beysembay. "Research of fungal diseases of herbaceous plants exposed from Aksu Ferroalloy Plant." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 81, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-1/126-131.
Full textAbstract:
Main problem: Technogenic "metamorphosis" of vegetation near such large industrial facilities as Pavlodar is considered to be the result of various active chemical and mechanical factors provoked by economic activities associated with the influence of emissions from industrial companies. The effect of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation in all regions of Kazakhstan varies and is largely dependent on the economic development of the territory, but in any case, the end result of this impact is the change in the vegetation, causing violations of with structure, reduced vodorazdelnaya flora and productivity of communities. This, in turn, can cause infection of herbaceous plants with pathogenic fungi, which then carry with them: a decrease in the intensity of plant growth, a deterioration in their decorative qualities, a decrease in the survival of the biological species. Purpose: to study the types of fungi-pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases and to determine the degree of modification of the plant component, which is under intense negative technogenic influence from the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant (AFР). Мethods: For the experimental study, species of plants such as: Artemisia dracunculus L; Artemesia vulgaris L; Atriplex fera L; Atriplex patula L; Artemisia annua L were selected for the content of fungi- pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases. Results and their significance: This experimental study was aimed at the presence of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants as a result of human impact, occurring near the industrial zone "AFР". The composition of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants collected in this industrial zone was considered and studied. According to the results of an experimental laboratory study, phytopathogenic fungi of herbaceous plants belonging to 1 ordo, 1 familia, and 4 species were found.
28
Verma, Pratima, Amrita Singh, Supriya Purru, Kangila Venkataramana Bhat, and Suman Lakhanpaul. "Comparative DNA Methylome of Phytoplasma Associated Retrograde Metamorphosis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." Biology 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11070954.
Full textAbstract:
Phytoplasma-associated diseases such as phyllody and little leaf are critical threats to sesame cultivation worldwide. The mechanism of the dramatic conversion of flowers to leafy structures leading to yield losses and the drastic reduction in leaf size due to Phytoplasma infection remains yet to be identified. Cytosine methylation profiles of healthy and infected sesame plants studied using Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) and Quantitative analysis of DNA methylation with the real-time PCR (qAMP) technique revealed altered DNA methylation patterns upon infection. Phyllody was associated with global cytosine hypomethylation, though predominantly in the CHH (where H = A, T or C) context. Interestingly, comparable cytosine methylation levels were observed between healthy and little leaf-affected plant samples in CG, CHG and CHH contexts. Among the different genomic fractions, the highest number of differentially methylated Cytosines was found in the intergenic regions, followed by promoter, exonic and intronic regions in decreasing order. Further, most of the differentially methylated genes were hypomethylated and were mainly associated with development and defense-related processes. Loci for STOREKEEPER protein-like, a DNA-binding protein and PP2-B15, an F-Box protein, responsible for plugging sieve plates to maintain turgor pressure within the sieve tubes were found to be hypomethylated by WGBS, which was confirmed by methylation-dependent restriction digestion and qPCR. Likewise, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase-7 homolog, a positive regulator of cryptochrome signaling involved in hypocotyl and cotyledon growth and probable O-methyltransferase 3 locus were determined to be hypermethylated. Phytoplasma infection-associated global differential methylation as well as the defense and development-related loci reported here for the first time significantly elucidate the mechanism of phytoplasma-associated disease development.
29
Usha Rani, Pathipati, Kurra Sandhyaran, Varahalarao Vadlapudi, and Bojja Sreedhar. "BIOEFFICACY OF A MANGROVE PLANT, SONNERATIA CASEOLARIS AND A MANGROVE ASSOCIATE PLANT, HIBISCUS TILIACEUS AGAINST CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL AND STORED PRODUCT PESTS." Journal of Biopesticides 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.98-106.
Full textAbstract:
The insect antifeedant and toxic activity of two marine plants, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Sonneratia caseolaris on the herbivorous insects, Spodoptera litura F. were tested in the laboratory. The crude extracts were further purified in a column and their purified fractions were assessed for their antifeedant and insecticidal activity. The leaves extracted separately with acetone yielded crude extract which showed significant antifeedant activity to the 2nd as well as 3rd instar larvae of S. litura. The topical application of the plant crude extracts resulted in causing toxicity to the lepidopteran pest which was not more than 50 per cent with both the plant treatments. The extracts had considerable effect on the S. litura metamorphosis in the form of a delayed pupal formation and morphogenetic abnormalities in pupae due to the larval treatment, which affected the percentage adult eclosion. The crude leaf extract possesses moderate insecticidal activity to three of the major stored product pests, the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum H., the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). All eluted fractions from H. tiliaceus and S. caseolaris have shown excellent antifeedant activity on S. litura than crude extracts. Particularly hexane eluted fraction of the crude extracts of both the marine plants showed potent growth inhibitory activity. We infer that the marine dwelling plants H. tiliaceus and S. caseolaris extracts has good feeding inhibitor activity to S. litura and a moderate toxicity to three of the major stored product pests.
30
Papantoniou, Dimitra, Fredd Vergara, Alexander Weinhold, Teresa Quijano, Bekzod Khakimov, David I. Pattison, Søren Bak, Nicole M. van Dam, and Ainhoa Martínez-Medina. "Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore Manduca sexta L." Metabolites 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110731.
Full textAbstract:
Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant–herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore Manduca sexta. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.
31
Koshkin, Evgeny S. "Life history of the rare boreal tiger moth Arctia menetriesii (Eversmann, 1846) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in the Russian Far East." Nota Lepidopterologica 44 (May 14, 2021): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.62801.
Full textAbstract:
A thorough description and detailed photographs of all developmental stages of one of the rarest Palaearctic moths, Menetries’ tiger moth Arctia menetriesii (Eversmann, 1846) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), are presented. Eggs were obtained from a female collected in the Bureinsky Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Data relating to specimens from this region significantly supplements previously published data, which was derived exclusively from more westerly parts of the species’ range. Larvae were reared mainly on dandelion (Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund) in laboratory conditions. Some larvae were fed on Aconitum consanguineum Vorosch. leaves and larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.) needles during certain periods of their lives. It is hypothesized that toxic compounds found in these plants resulted in high mortality rates among larvae prior to pupation. Metamorphosis anomalies in the form of larva-pupa intermediates and various morphological defects of pupae are documented for A. menetriesii for the first time. The assumptions of some researchers about the important role of Larix and Aconitum in larval development are questioned.
32
BOUSSOU, Charles Koffi, Gustave N’guessan ALIKO, Mexmin Koffi KONAN, and Felix Koffi KONAN. "Feeding habits of the Cichlid Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage, 1882) in some hydrosystems of Ivory Coast." Aquatic Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v6i1.12511.
Full textAbstract:
The feeding habit of Chromidotilapia guntheri was investigated in seven hydrosystems of Ivory Coast. The contents of 156 non-empty stomachs were examined from specimens caught in the rivers Soumié, Eholié, Noé, Ehania and Banco, the Bea rill and the Kpoda lake. Diets composition, feeding strategy and trophic niche width were analyzed among hydrosystems. Stomach content analysis indicated that C. guntheri feeds preferentially on plants and insects debris and secondarily, it consumed insects’ larvae, nymphs and adults in all habitats. This species would be an omnivorous with a detritivorous tendency. As feeding strategy, it practices a generalist strategy even if some individuals displayed specialization intentions on insects at different stages of metamorphosis. Investigations on ontogenetic shift revealed that juveniles and adults of C. guntheri consume substantially the same types of prey with varying amounts depending on the size of the fish. However there is a significant decrease in the proportions of gastropods and oligochaetes ingested when growing.
33
Robin, Nicolas. "Studies on the characteristics of seeds and the metamorphosis of plants – The reception of L.-Cl. Richard’s textbooks in Weimar-Jena." Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences 56, no. 156-157 (June 2006): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.arihs.5.101879.
Full text
34
Degani, Gad. "Life Cycle of Tree Frogs (Hyla savygnyi) in Semi-Arid Habitats in Northern Israel." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (October 28, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p17.
Full textAbstract:
The life cycle of tree frogs (Hyla savygnyi) in localities of various habitats in northern Israel in the Upper Galilee and Golan Heights (annual rainfall range of 500-1,000 mm) and the Hula Valley, ranging from 212 to 740 m above sea level (ASL), was studied. Tree frogs were observed around winter rain pools, springs and streams. Fifty-one different breeding places were monitored. Only ponds and springs having stable non-flowing water are used by tree frogs for reproduction and are where larvae can metamorphose. The male call in the breeding places attracts the female, who then comes to the male, and breeding occurs underwater. Breeding time in Israel varies according to location and geographical and ecological conditions. It takes place in March-April in northern Israel, the Upper Galilee, the Golan Heights and the Hula Valley. In various breeding places, larvae grow between April and June. Apparently tree frog larvae adapt to breeding places where stable water is found, such as in ponds or springs, but not to breeding places with flowing water such as streams or rivers. Various Anuran and Urodela larvae were found in the same breeding sites where the larvae of H. savygnyi were found, including Pseudepidalea Viridis, Rana bedriagae, Pelobates syriacus, Salamandra infraimmaculata and Triturs vittatus. Following metamorphosis, H. savygnyi adapt to terrestrial life in semi-arid habitats, and is found on plants or in hiding places under rocks and in holes to prevent dehydration particularly during hot and dry weather. The ability to change color helped the frogs to hide in various substrates. The rate of water loss of terrestrial H. savygnyi during dehydration is around 50% of body weight. Plasma osmolality increased from 200 mOsm/kg to about 450 mOsm/kg, which helped the tree frog to survive in semi-arid habitats.
35
Sorokan, A. V., G. V. Benkovskaya, I. S. Mardanshin, V. Yu Alekseev, S. D. Rumyantsev, and I. V. Maksimov. "Endophytic Strains of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> for the Development of Means to Control the Number of the Colorado Potato Beetle in Potato Crops." Агрохимия, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188123050083.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the search for B. thuringiensis strains to be used as biological control agents is based on their toxicity to insects in laboratory tests. At the same time, a number of strains of these bacteria are able to exist in symbiotic relationships with host plants, including being endophytes. The ability of B. thuringiensis strains to penetrate into the internal tissues of plants was evaluated by counting colony-forming units (CFU) of microorganisms 7 days after inoculation of sterile potato plants in test tubes; insecticidal activity was tested on larvae of the 3rd age obtained from overwintered adults of the Colorado beetle collected from fields in the Chishminsky and Iglinsky districts of Bashkortostan. It was shown that the strain of B. thuringiensis B-5351, which inhabits the surface (50.01 ± 8.10 CFU × 105/g) and internal tissues (38.92 ± 9.62 CFU × 105/g) of plant shoots, but has less insecticidal activity than the strain B. thuringiensis B-5689, which exhibits high insecticidal activity and colonizes mainly plant roots (25.37 ± 3.82 CFU × 105/g), reduced colonization of potato crops by the Colorado potato beetle, and also increased the yield of tubers in a 2-year experiment (2020–2021). Under the influence of B. thuringiensis B-5351, a decrease in the number of larvae of early age was observed, in contrast to B. thuringiensis B-5689, which caused longer metamorphosis processes. Apparently, the effect of B. thuringiensis B-5351 was the death of insects. It is important that processing B. thuringiensis B-5351 contributed to a significant decrease in the number of late-instar larvae on crops treated with this strain, as well as the degree of defoliation of plants by the pest, which was not observed with the action of B. thuringiensis B-5689. On plots treated with B. thuringiensis B-5351, the yield of commercial tubers and the total yield increased. A method is proposed for studying the endophytic potential of strains in relation to the terrestrial part of plants to search for biocontrol agents as a basis for creating algorithms for constructing microbiomes in agrocenoses.
36
Robin, Nicolas. "Heritage of the Romantic Philosophy in Post-Linnaean Botany Reichenbach’s Reception of Goethe’s Metamorphosis of Plants as a Methodological and Philosophical Framework." Journal of the History of Biology 44, no. 2 (March 19, 2010): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10739-010-9231-y.
Full text
37
Ma, Kai, Yu Zhao, Liqun Han, Chaoyuan Gao, Jianfang Hu, and Pingyin Guan. "Genome-Wide Analysis of SPL Gene Family and Functional Identification of JrSPL02 Gene in the Early Flowering of Walnut." Horticulturae 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10020158.
Full textAbstract:
SPL transcription factors affect plant growth and development, including blooming and photoperiod control. The investigation began with transcriptome data screening of 28 JrSPL genes in walnut (Junglans regia L.) ‘Wen185’. These genes were discovered on all chromosomes except 6 and 15. Phylogenetic study divides the 28 JrSPL genes into five groupings. The biggest cluster, cluster IV, has 12 JrSPL genes. The expression of JrSPL genes in different tissues was investigated by qRT-PCR. JrSPL02 gene expression was greater in walnut female and male flower tissues than other genes. Subcellular localization has shown the JrSPL02 gene resides in the nucleus. Jre-miR156 may target JrSPL02’s 3′-UTR region, according to miRNA sequencing, RACE, and BiFC studies. Arabidopsis plants expressing the JrSPL02 gene flowered 3 days faster than the wild type, according to phenotypic observation. Transgenic lines had more stem branches and siliques than the control group but fewer rosette leaves. In summary, this study functionally analyses the metamorphosis of the miR156-SPL module during the blooming stage and the underlying mechanisms that govern early fruiting in early-fruiting walnuts in Xinjiang.
38
Nasution, Fery Azani, Pedia Aldy, and Mira Dharma Susilawaty. "KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR BIOMIMIKRI DALAM PERANCANGAN ROKAN HULU BUTTERFLY PARK AND CONSERVATION CENTER." Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI 3, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v3i3.26876.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Rokan Hulu is a region that is rich in biodiversity, with natural tropical conditions making Rokan Hulu a suitable habitat for flora and fauna. One of them is butterfly fauna. There are various types of endemic butterflies preserved in the tourist area of Hapanasan Rokan Hulu which has an information center and butterfly breeding, which is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Rokan Hulu. The Rokan Hulu Butterfly Park and Conservation Center are a butterfly research and breeding facility that serves as a conservation area and educational activities, to provide updated information about butterflies for the public. By implementing Biomimicry Architecture, it is able to create a relationship between architecture and nature by implementing natural strategies into building designs. Through the concept of 'butterfly metamorphosis' and transformed with biomimicry architecture approach, this building has architectural qualities that can stimulate the life of the butterfly habitat and plants as source of food.Keywords: Biomimicry; Butterfly Park; Conservation Center Abstrak: Rokan Hulu merupakan daerah yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat tinggi. Kabupaten ini memiliki keadaan alam yang beriklim tropis sehingga menjadikan Rokan Hulu sebagai habitat yang cocok untuk flora dan fauna salah satunya adalah fauna kupu-kupu. Terdapat berbagai macam jenis kupu-kupu endemik yang dilestarikan di kawasan wisata Hapanasan Rokan Hulu yang memiliki pusat informasi dan penangkaran kupu-kupu yang merupakan salah satu kawasan wisata yang paling banyak dikunjungi di Rokan Hulu. Rokan Hulu Butterfly Park and Conservation Centre merupakan wadah penelitian dan penangkaran kupu-kupu yang berfungsi sebagai ruang interaksi kegiatan konservasi dan edukasi, sehingga dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kehidupan kupu-kupu kepada masyarakat. Dengan implementasi Arsitektur Biomimikri, pendekatan arsitektur ini mampu menciptakan hubungan antara arsitektur dan alam dengan mengaplikasikan strategi alam ke dalam rancangan bangunan. Melalui konsep ‘metamorphosis kupu-kupu’ dan ditransformasikan dengan pendekatan arsitektur biomimikri bangunan ini memiliki kualitas arsitektur yang dapat menstimulasi kehidupan habitat kupu-kupu dan tanaman yang menjadi sumber makanannya.Kata Kunci: Biomimikri; Butterfly Park; Conservation Center
39
R.J., Gawali, Magare S.R, Srivastava S.K, and Shinde S.E. "Management of Biopesticides to Control Infestation of Insect Stored Grain Pest Triboloium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrioide): A Review." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.039.
Full textAbstract:
Pulses and Cereals have great nutritional value in the daily human diet. Infestation of Stored grain is a serious issue since different life stages of several types of insects can cause it. Insect degrade the quality of stored grains and product, resulting in economic losses. The storage of grains has been linked to a high number of insect infestations. Almost all stored grain insect pests have remarkably high multiplication rates and may destroy 10-15 % of grains. The major pest of stored grains includes Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Sitophilus granaries), Tribolium species (Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum), Khapra beetles (Trogoderma granarium), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), Pulse beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus), Rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica), etc. Continuous and indiscriminate over use of insecticides are responsible for the development of resistance against these insect pesticides. Accumulation of synthetic chemical pesticide residues on pulses and cereals are unfortunately consumed by human. Recently, in agricultural practices in different areas of the world, attention has been given towards the exploitation of plant biochemical as a new approach in stored grain protection. Various scientific literature already documented the efficacy of plant derivatives against storage grain pests. Biopesticides kill and repel the insect pests, affect insect growth, development and metamorphosis. Farmers have used higher plants, medicinal plants, various herbs and traditional spices for stored grain insect pest management, but majority of farmer use chemical insecticide to increase productivity but it causes adverse effect on environment and non-target animal including human also, so there is more need for scientific research regarding the plant Biopesticides efficacy against stored grain pests.
40
Bashir, Nawaz Haider, Huanhuan Chen, Shahzad Munir, Weiwei Wang, Hang Chen, Yong-Kang Sima, and Jiandong An. "Unraveling the Role of Lac Insects in Providing Natural Industrial Products." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121117.
Full textAbstract:
In the current era, products made from organic materials enjoy a privileged position because of their inherent safety. The eco-friendly properties of natural lac resins have increased their demand in many industries. It is secreted by sucking insects (Hemiptera, Kerriidae) and comprises three major components, viz., resin, dye, and wax. Lac insects are generally bivoltine in nature and are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions with complex multi-trophic habitats. Because of their sedentary habits, lac insects are more vulnerable to predators, parasitoids, squirrels, and rats, leading to a more than 50% reduction in production yield. To increase lac production, advanced-level molecular research is required to figure out the mechanism behind lac synthesis and secretion to improve lac yield and quality. The present review highlights metamorphosis, sexual dimorphism, multi-trophic habitat, host plants, and natural enemies of lac insects, lac composition, and applications, emphasizing the role of microbes, potential lac genes, and lac synthesis mechanisms in enhancing lac quality and production. The information provided here might be useful for lac researchers and for stakeholders aiming to make their products more eco-friendly.
41
Kumar Bhardwaj, Sunil, and Harendranath Sharma. "DESCRIPTION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF MICRONECTA STRIATA, FIEB., THE INDIAN WATER BOATMEN." Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth 3, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59436/https://jsiane.com/archives3/4/108.
Full textAbstract:
The Hemiptera are insects that feed on plants and animals and can be found in both land and water. They can be small or big, oval or long, and sometimes flattened. Their bodies can change shape, and they have simple metamorphosis and sucking and piercing mouth parts. Their heads can be free and either prognathous or hypognathous, and their antennae can be two to ten or even twenty-five segments. Their eyes can be large, and they have ocelli or absence. Labium modifications can be simple or segmented rostrums, beaks or probosciss, palpi atrophied, and wings can be long or short, and ocelli can be present or absent. The common Indian water boatman belongs to a family of aquatic insects. In the present study an effort is made to explore bionomics of Micronecta striata Fieb. To introduce its habitat, habit, food, feeding and morphology. It is very common in ponds of rural area of India. Sound observations were made to ensure the validity of study. These insects are harmless, so that no special management to control them exists today. Keywords : Hemiptera, Indian water boatman, Micronecta striata, Digestive system
42
Nunung Alya Ayu Lastari, Donna Boedi Maritasari, Muhammad Husni, Ika Wardina, and Asri Nofita Sari. "THE IMPORTANCE OF AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) MEDIA TO INCREASE INTEREST IN LEARNING AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS." Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2024): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v6i2.16070.
Full textAbstract:
A response to the transformation in education is learning media. In order to adapt to changes in education, learning media innovation is a calculated move. Increasing student engagement and learning outcomes is influenced by the continuous development of educational media. It is expected that the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology into natural science instruction will improve scientific literacy, especially for elementary school pupils. Three-dimensional media makes the approach more flexible, engaging, and creative by using different items as target markers. Investigating and evaluating the use of Augmented Reality (AR) media in elementary school natural science instruction is the goal of this project. A literature review is the research methodology used, and data gathering is done using a literature study strategy. Learning outcomes and student attention have been demonstrated to be greatly enhanced by the development and application of augmented reality (AR) media in a variety of natural scientific courses. Among these subjects are the diets of animals, ecosystems, plants, and animals that go through full metamorphosis. Students are able to develop their creative faculties, assess their emotional intelligence, and grow more cooperative and competitive with their peers as a result.
43
Tobing, Oktavianus Lumban, Yanyan Mulyaningsih, and Amida Dwi Safitri. "The Effect of Concentration and Frequency of Neem Leaf Extract on Aphid Attacks on Chili Plants." Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) 4, no. 2 (August 10, 2023): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijar.v4i2.329.
Full textAbstract:
Aphids that attack red pepper plants cause yield loss. Applying neem leaf extract in the form of concentration and frequency of yield losses can be avoided. Neem leaf extract contains secondary metabolite compounds that can function as vegetable insecticides to suppress the level of aphid attacks on chili plants. Saponins, meliantriol, and azadirachtin have been known as active ingredients that act as insecticides with different mechanisms of action against aphids, such as saponins as stomach poisons and contact poisons, meliantriol as a repellent (repellent/repellent), and azadirachtin as an inhibitor of ecdysone hormones (hormones that play a role in the process of metamorphosis or molting or exoskeleton of aphids). The study aimed to determine the effect of concentration and frequency of neem leaf extract on the incidence and severity of chili aphid attacks as well as plant development. The proposed solution to overcome aphid attacks is administering neem leaf extract to red chili plants. The method uses a randomized trial design of factorial groups with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of neem leaf extract which consists of four levels, namely: S0 = 0% (100 ml of water or without neem leaf extract), S1 = 10% (10 ml of neem leaf extract + 90 ml of water), S2 = 30% (30 ml of neem leaf extract + 70 ml of water), and S3 = 50% (50 ml of neem leaf extract + 50 ml of water). The second factor is the frequency of giving neem leaf extract, which consists of four levels: M1 = age 8 HSPT, M2 = age 16 HSPT, M3 = age 24 HSPT, and M4 = age 32 HSPT. The findings of this study are that the frequency of giving neem leaf extract three times showed a real effect on the severity of aphid attacks at the age of 44 days after transplanting, and giving a 10% extract had a real effect on height, leaf area, number of flowers, header dry bobobt, and dry weight of chili plant roots. The results of this study conclude that the administration of neem leaf extract can suppress the severity of the attack of red chili plant aphids.
44
Gallon, Marília Elias, and Leonardo Gobbo-Neto. "Plant Metabolites Involved in the Differential Development of a Heliantheae-Specialist Insect." Metabolites 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030134.
Full textAbstract:
Balanced nutritional intake is essential to ensure that insects undergo adequate larval development and metamorphosis. Integrative multidisciplinary approaches have contributed valuable insights regarding the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of plant–insect interactions. To address the plant metabolites involved in the larval development of a specialist insect, we investigated the development of Chlosyne lacinia caterpillars fed on Heliantheae species (Tithonia diversifolia, Tridax procumbens and Aldama robusta) leaves and determined the chemical profile of plants and insects using a metabolomic approach. By means of LC-MS and GC-MS combined analyses, 51 metabolites were putatively identified in Heliantheae species and C. lacinia caterpillars and frass; these metabolites included flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, oxygenated terpene derivatives, steroids and lipid derivatives. The leading discriminant metabolites were diterpenes, which were detected only in A. robusta leaves and insects that were fed on this plant-based diet. Additionally, caterpillars fed on A. robusta leaves took longer to complete their development to the adult phase and exhibited a greater diapause rate. Hence, we hypothesized that diterpenes may be involved in the differential larval development. Our findings shed light on the plant metabolites that play roles in insect development and metabolism, opening new research avenues for integrative studies of insect nutritional ecology.
45
Kornienko, Sergey A. "The influence on Mandelstam by Goethe: “The Octaves” as “The Poems on the Cognition”." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-2-188-195.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers “The Octaves” by O.E. Mandelstam as the unique complex of genre and theme connected not only with the literary but also with the philosophical influence of J.W. Goethe on the Mandelstam’s poetry. It is proved that Mandelstam enters the consensual dialogue with Goethe because at the time of creating the studied cycle of poems, at the beginning of 1930s, Mandelstam’s interest in scientific theories, especially in biology and history reached its pinnacle. Mandelstam’s “The Octaves”, “Lamarck” are compared with scientific works of J.W. Goethe as well as with his sciencerelated poetry, in particular with “Metamorphosis of Plants”. Imaginative homology of both poets, convergence of their plots and trope functions are demonstrated. All this undoubtedly proves that Mandelshtam was affected by Goethe’s beliefs reflected in his ideology and ideopoetic. It is shown how the feeling of spiritual connection with Goethe which Mandelstam had, especially after his journey to Armenia (and acquaintance with biologist B. Kuzin) is converted into aesthetic world view and poetic principles. It brightly manifests itself in lyrical ontology of such “The Octaves” like: “Both Schubert on the waters and Mozart in birds’ chirping...”, “When having destroyed a draft...”, “Oh, Moslem-butterfly...”, “And the jagged bough of a maple-tree...”.
46
Reunov, Arkadiy, Galina Reunova, Dmitry Atopkin, Yulia Reunova, Tamara Muzarok, Evgeny Zakharov, and Yury Zhuravlev. "The Identification of Araliaceae Species by ITS2 Genetic Barcoding and Pollen Morphology." Planta Medica 84, no. 01 (July 12, 2017): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-114425.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe genetic barcode ITS2 (ITS: internal transcribed spacer) and pollen morphology were used for the identification of the pharmacologically valuable wild Araliaceae species Panax ginseng, Oplopanax elatus, Aralia elata, Aralia continentalis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus inhabiting the natural forests of Primorye, Russia. The ITS2 locus successfully identified all six species, which supports the use of ITS2 as a standard barcode for medicinal plants. However, the ITS2 locus was insufficient for intra-specific discrimination in these species, neither within Primorye nor from other world representatives within GenBank. Araliaceae pollen was confirmed to undergo size-reducing metamorphosis. The final morphotypes were species-specific for each of the six species but could not discriminate intra-species geographic localities within Primorye. The morphologies of the final pollen morphotypes from homologous species inhabiting other parts of the world are not yet known. Therefore, whether pollen is applicable for Araliaceae intra-species discrimination between Primorye and other world localities could not be established. Based on these findings, we propose that the ITS2 genetic barcode and the final pollen morphotypes are suitable for the identification of Araliaceae species. However, further studies will be needed to determine the suitability of genetic and pollen traits for Araliaceae geographic authentication.
47
Hodin, Jason, Keegan Lutek, and Andreas Heyland. "A newly identified left–right asymmetry in larval sea urchins." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 8 (August 2016): 160139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160139.
Full textAbstract:
Directional asymmetry (DA) in body form is a widespread phenomenon in animals and plants alike, and a functional understanding of such asymmetries can offer insights into the ways in which ecology and development interface to drive evolution. Echinoids (sea urchins, sand dollars and their kin) with planktotrophic development have a bilaterally symmetrical feeding pluteus larva that undergoes a dramatic metamorphosis into a pentameral juvenile that enters the benthos at settlement. The earliest stage of this transformation involves a DA: a left-side invagination in mid-stage larvae leads to the formation of the oral field of the juvenile via a directionally asymmetric structure called the echinus rudiment. Here, we show for the first time in two echinoid species that there is a corresponding DA in the overall shape of the larva: late-stage plutei have consistently shorter arms specifically on the rudiment (left) side. We then demonstrate a mechanistic connection between the rudiment and arm length asymmetries by examining rare, anomalous purple urchin larvae that have rudiments on both the left and the right side. Our data suggest that this asymmetry is probably a broadly shared feature characterizing ontogeny in the class Echinoidea. We propose several functional hypotheses—including developmental constraints and water column stability—to account for this newly identified asymmetry.
48
Mirutenko, V. V., P. S. Lovas, V. G. Roshko, and L. M. Felbaba-Klushyna. "Changes in the Carpathian fauna of Malachiinae beetles (Coleoptera, Melyridae) in the context of temperature increase." Biosystems Diversity 31, no. 3 (August 14, 2023): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012340.
Full textAbstract:
Over last century in Europe a tendency of change in species ranges has occurred for insects of different taxonomic groups. We analyzed the changes that have taken place in the distribution of some soft-winged beetles (Malachiinae, Melyridae) species in the Carpathian region. The obtained data are based on a study of museum beetles’ collections and the authors’ collected materials. Data comparison relating to species distribution shows that the Carpathian fauna during the second half of the 20th century increased by 12 species. Some species have significantly changed their ranges. Species of Southern European and Mediterranean (Anthomalachius strangulatus, Clanoptilus spinipennis), Central-East European (Apalochrus femoralis, Clanoptilus falcifer) origin spread to the East Carpathian region. And vice versa, some species (e.g. Malachius scutellaris) from Central European and the Carpathian regions have spread beyond their borders of ranges to the East and North. Malachiinae species are anthophilic insects. Their life cycles, flight period, and distribution depend on the phenology of host plants. Acceleration of phenophases of the host plants and intensification of the metamorphosis processes due to increase in air temperature has caused an earlier appearance of soft-winged beetles in recent years and contributed to expansion of the ranges of some species of them. In our opinion, expansion of the species ranges and penetration of new beetle species into the Carpathian region from surrounding areas are related to the climate changes, in particular to warming. This thesis is confirmed by multiyear air temperature data of the Transcarpathian Centre of Hydrometeorology. On a background of increase in regional air temperature by about 0.8 °C an average air temperature in foothills of Ukrainian Carpathians has increased by 1.7 °C during last 50–60 years.
49
Sláma, Karel. "Insect hormones: more than 50-years after the discovery of insect juvenile hormone analogues (JHA, juvenoids)." Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6, no. 4 (March 31, 2013): 257–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749836-06041073.
Full textAbstract:
This review describes the over half-centennial history of research on insect juvenile hormone (JH) as well as its natural and synthetic bioanalogues (JHA or juvenoids).The leading theories of insect hormone action in growth and metamorphosis were created more than 50 years ago by the pioneers of insect endocrinology, V. B. Wigglesworth, C. M. Williams, V. J. A. Novák, H. Piepho, H. A. Schneiderman and L. I. Gilbert. There are two principal categories of hormones released from the central neuroendocrine system (neurosecretory cells of the brain, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata) that regulate insect growth and metamorphosis. The first is a complex set of neurohormones (neuropeptides) originating in the neurosecretory cells of the insect brain, which are released from the neurohaemal organs, the corpora cardiaca. These neuropeptides are responsible for stimulation of various developmental events, such as the release of the activation hormone, AH. The second category of centrally produced hormones in insects is the morphogenesis inhibiting hormone, or juvenile hormone (JH), produced by the associated endocrine glands, the corpora allata. JH is responsible for induction of the somatic larval growth in young instar larvae and stimulation of reproduction in the feeding adult stages.Wigglesworth (1935) first described JH as an inhibitory hormone; Williams (1957) discovered its active extracts. Sláma (1961) discovered the hormonomimetic or pseudojuvenile effects of various lipid extracts and free fatty acids. In addition to lipid extracts with JH activity, a phenomenon found in various human organs, microorganisms and plants, JH-mimetic materials were found in American paper products in 1964. The source of the so-called “paper factor” was the wood of the Canadian balsam fir. The potential use of these and other analogues of JH as nontoxic, selectively acting “third generation pesticides” stimulated an enormous boom of activity among industrial and academic institutions all over the world, in the pursuit of synthetic JH analogues for replacement of toxic insecticides.For practical reasons, in this review the chemical structures of the synthetic juvenoids have been divided into three categories: a) natural and synthetic, predominantly terpenoid juvenoids known before 1970; b) terpenoid and nonterpenoid juvenoids synthesized and tested before 1980, and; c) predominantly nonterpenoid, polycyclic juvenoids with relatively high JH activity, found and selected for practical use after 1980. Chemical structures of several juvenoids of theoretical or practical importance, together with the essential structure-activity relationships, are outlined in several figures and tables. The total number of all juvenoids reported active in one or more insects species has been estimated to be more than 4000 compounds. A juvenoid molecule has, more or less, a similar molecular size, roughly equivalent to a chain of 15 to 17 carbon atoms, with the presence of some slightly polar functional groups and a more or less lipophilic physico-chemical properties. Beyond these similarities, there are many variations in the structural types of juvenoids, including, derivatives of acyclic terpenoids, arylterpenoids, peptides, heterocyclic and polycyclic juvenoids, phenoxyphenyl juvenoids, juvenoid carbamates, and pyridyl-derivatives.In addition to the generally known and intensively studied effects of juvenoids, such as inhibition of metamorphosis, inhibition of embryogenesis, and stimulation of ovarian growth, there are certain less remarkable and largely unexplored biological effects of juvenoids. Some of those phenomena, which are briefly described in this review, are: a) the effects of juvenoids on embryonic development (ovicidal effects); b) delayed effects of JH on metamorphosis from egg stage; c) sexually transmitted female sterility caused by juvenoid treatments of the males; d) the nonvolatile, biochemically activated juvenogen complexes, generating hormonally active juvenoids by enzymatic hydrolysis of the complex, and; e) antihormones with antijuvenile activity.There are two basic hormonal theories on the regulation of insect metamorphosis by JH that have been proposed during the past 50 years. The first is the theory of Gilbert-Riddiford, which has been widely disseminated at universities worldwide, through textbooks on insect physiology, biochemistry and endocrinology. The second, less renowned, hormonal theory of insect development is that of Novák-Sláma. Briefly, the Gilbert-Riddiford theory is based on several fundamental principles. These are: a) the brain hormone-prothoracic gland (PG) concept created more than 50 years ago and later disproved by Williams; b) the conclusions of Piepho, who suggested that a large concentration of JH would cause a single epidermal cell to develop larval patterns, pupal patterns at medium concentrations, and adult epidermal patterns at zero concentration; c) small amounts of JH are necessary in the last larval instars of endopterygote insects for preventing precocious proliferation of imaginal discs; d) metamorphosis is stimulated by PG through a small endogenous peak of ecdysteroid preceding the large prepupal one; e) ecdysteroids are released from the PG in response to superimposed prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) from the brain; f) the true juvenile hormone of the corpora allata is a sesquiterpenoid compound known as epoxy homofarnesoate (JH-I), isolated from the adult male abdomens of the Cecropia silkmoths, and; g) physiological functions of JH and other hormones are regulated at the peripheral level by enzymes (esterase) or genes (methoprene tolerant,Metor a Broad complex gene).The Novák-Sláma theory is based on completely different building blocks. Briefly, these are: a) the PG represent a peripheral organ which is not involved in the regulation of the moulting cycles, instead; b) the PG are a subordinated target of JH (not PTTH), they are inactive during the last larval instar and their removal does not abolish the cycles of moults; c) the PG are used to generate metabolic water during the growth of young larval instars by secreting of an adipokinetic superhormone, which stimulates total combustion of the dietary lipids; d) small, medium, or large concentrations of JH are unimportant, the hormone only needs to be present in the minimum, physiologically effective concentrations; e) an imperative condition for metamorphosis to occur is a virtual absence of JH starting from the second half of the penultimate larval instar; f) JH acts according to an “all-or-none” rule at the single cell level, and the temporal sensitivity to JH is strictly limited to a narrow period at the beginning of the moulting cycle, before the cells begin to divide; g) the corpus allatum never produces JH in a nonfeeding stage, and the sesquiterpenoid juvenoid JH-I cannot be the true JH of insects (it has very low JH activity, 100,000-fold smaller in comparison to human made peptidic juvenoids); h) the developmental cycles are stimulated exclusively by neuropeptides produced by the brain’s neurosecretory cells (AH); i) developmental stimulation by AH has nothing in common with the PTTH or PG; j) when environmental interventions in the hormonal system become obsolete, the regulation of moulting cycles becomes autonomic (hormone independent), supported by the stereotypic instructions coded on the genome; k) during the millions of years of insect evolution, the central neuroendocrine system acquired the superimposed, epigenetic ability to adapt gene functions and synchronize them with essential changes in the environment. A model based on the regulation of insect metamorphosis by simple combination of two hormones (AH, JH) of the central neuroendocrine system is outlined. A possibility that the 4000 known juvenoid molecules act as the feedback or homeostatic factors affecting permeability of the epidermal cell membranes has been suggested. Speculations about possible peptidic or proteinic nature of the corpus allatum hormone have been emphasized.
50
Woldemelak, Wondimagegn Atilaw. "The Major Biological Approaches in the Integrated Pest Management of Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)." Journal of Horticultural Research 28, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0002.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThrips tabaci Lindeman is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. It is known worldwide and recorded on more than 300 plant species. T. tabaci is a key pest of onion and several other crops, and its control is vital to the production and profitability of crops. If onion thrips population is not controlled, damage can reduce yield volume and quality. In addition to direct damage to the host plants, T. tabaci has been characterized as an asymptomatic vector of three devastating tospovirus species, such as Tomato spotted wilt virus, Iris yellow spot virus, and Tomato yellow ring virus. For this reason, several synthetic insecticides were used for control. However, these insecticides bring unwanted effects, like pesticide resistance, elimination of nontarget species, environmental pollution, and threats to human health. To solve the negative consequences of insecticides, biopesticides, such as plant secondary metabolites, entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, have been recognized as effective alternatives. The use of plant-based insecticides and entomopathogenic control methods gained more attention in integrated pest management. Their strong side is lack of residues, saving beneficial insects and minimizing air and water pollution. Plant-derived compounds and entomopathogenic biological control agents offered a variety of biological modes of actions against onion thrips, such as repellency, feeding deterrence, anti-oviposition, fecundity deterrence, metamorphosis inhibition, and parasiting the host’s body.