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Journal articles on the topic 'Metaphase spread'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kotikalapudi, Rosaiah, Rajesh Patel, Hemanth Medidi, and Nagaraju Sugali. "Distribution of sex chromosomes (XY) in lymphocyte metaphase spreads of dairy bulls." Genetika 45, no. 3 (2013): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1303761k.

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Position of autosome and sex chromosomes in metaphase spreads is grate concerned of Cytogeneticians worldwide to understand cell biology. A few isolated studies have been conducted for the distribution of chromosomes in metaphase spread. Our studies reveal that most sex chromosomes (XY) remain on periphery and semi-periphery, 84.16% for X and 86.97% for Y respectively, in round metaphase spreads. The application of sex chromosome position in metaphase spreads is to easily find out sex chromosomes under microscope even without banding patterns. An another application is to identify or confirm s

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2

Hoang Thi Nhu, Phuong, Uyen Truong Thi Nha, Nhung Tran Thi, and Tung Hoang Thanh. "Metaphase chromosome spread preparation of citrus species." Academia Journal of Biology 47, no. 2 (2025): 107–16. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/22761.

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Citrus is one of the popular fruit crops in Vietnam with many commercial varieties, however, its cytogenetic characteristics are currently limited. This study was conducted to find out a procedure for metaphase chromosome preparation in some citrus species. The results showed that after a 4-hour treatment with 0.002 M 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, the mitose indices of the root tip samples differed by species. Specifically, the tangerine and orange samples yielded the highest results at 11:00 am, the lemon root sample at 10:00 am, and the kumquat sample at noon. The explants were fixed in carno

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3

Martínez, M., C. Cuadrado, and C. Romero. "Synaptic abnormalities in spread nuclei of Secale. I. Inbred lines." Genome 38, no. 4 (1995): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-097.

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The meiotic behaviour at metaphase I of two inbred lines of Secale cereale showed a decrease in the frequency of bound arms and the presence of univalents. The study of synaptonemal complex formation revealed that these inbred lines had asynapsis and many nuclei did not complete the pairing process. Synaptic abnormalities such as fold-back loops, short pairing partner switches, interstitial nonhomologous pairing regions, and asynchrony between bivalents were associated and correlated with interlocking. It is suggested that the asynapsis is due to a failure in the interlocking repair. All these

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4

Martínez, M., C. Romero, and C. Cuadrado. "Synaptic abnormalities in spread nuclei of Secale. II. Secale vavilovii." Genome 38, no. 4 (1995): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-098.

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Secale vavilovii PMCs have more univalents and a lower frequency of bound arms at metaphase I than other diploid Secale species. The spreading technique applied at prophase I showed that the nuclei were able to complete synapsis at pachytene. However, 25% of the nuclei analyzed, which had more than 90% of their total length paired, showed two abnormalities: long fold-back loops, which were located mainly on the nucleolar organizer bivalent, and pairing-partner switches, probably involving all the chromosome complement. These synaptic abnormalities are unusual in diploid species and give rise t

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5

Albini, S. M., and T. Schwarzacher. "In situ localization of two repetitive DNA sequences to surface-spread pachytene chromosomes of rye." Genome 35, no. 4 (1992): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-082.

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Surface-spread pollen mother cells at meiotic prophase from Secale cereale (rye) were used for fluorescent DNA:DNA in situ localization of two tandemly repeated DNA sequences: pTa71, a wheat rDNA clone, and pSc119.2, a cloned 120-bp repeat from rye heterochromatin. The fluorescent hybridization signal, consisting of many yellow-green dots, was closely associated with the bivalent axes, corresponding to the synaptonemal complex, and located in the surrounding chromatin. The rDNA signal was associated with one bivalent, the smallest of the seven, at a distance about 13% of the bivalent length fr

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6

Mullinger, A. M., and R. T. Johnson. "Disassembly of the mammalian metaphase chromosome into its subunits: studies with ultraviolet light and repair synthesis inhibitors." Journal of Cell Science 87, no. 1 (1987): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.87.1.55.

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Metaphase chromosomes of a simian virus-transformed Indian muntjac cell line have been examined by scanning electron microscopy of material in which the fully packed metaphase structure is progressively relaxed. Such chromosomes are seen in standard, spread preparations of ultraviolet light-irradiated, metaphase-arrested cells, which have been incubated in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis; they are processed for electron microscopy by trypsinization, further fixation and osmium impregnation. Decondensation is initially associated with a gradual elongation and loosening of the chromo

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7

Victor, Ekundare Olugbemi, Fagbuaro Omotayo, and Adeniran Idowu Isaac. "Preliminary cytogenetic study of <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ctenopoma kingsleyae</em> from Esa-Odo water reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria." Journal of Science of the University of Kelaniya 17, no. 1 (2024): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v17i1.8100.

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Ctenopoma kingsleyae belongs to the family Anabantidae covers a wide geographic region. It has been morphologically described by a number of authors, yet it is lacking in adequate cytogenetic information, which is a setback to understanding its karyotypic evolution. This study, therefore, describes the karyotype of C. kingsleyae (n = 10) from Esa-Odo, Reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria. Metaphase chromosome spread was obtained from the gills of fish after intraperitoneal injection with 0.05% colchicines. Slides prepared were stained with Giemsa stain, images of metaphase spread were taken digitall

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8

Ma, Yan, M. Nurul Islam-Faridi, Charles F. Crane, David M. Stelly, H. James Price, and David H. Byrne. "A New Procedure to Prepare Slides of Metaphase Chromosomes of Roses." HortScience 31, no. 5 (1996): 855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.855.

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To our knowledge, there has been no published technique to produce consistently high-quality slides of somatic chromosomes of roses (Rosa sp.). Therefore, various pretreatments, fixatives, digestions, stains, and maceration and squashing methods were tested to identify a procedure to produce clear, well-spread chromosomes from shoot tips. The best results were obtained after pretreatment in a mixture of 0.1% colchicine and 0.001 m 8-hydroxyquinoline for 4 h, and fixation in 2 acetone: 1 acetic acid (v/v) with 2% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone. The darkest-stained chromosomes were obtained with car

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9

Martínez, M., C. Cuadrado, J. Sybenga, and C. Romero. "Differences in the synaptic pattern in two autotetraploid cultivars of rye with different quadrivalent frequencies at metaphase I." Genome 42, no. 4 (1999): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-009.

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Synaptic behaviour of the two tetraploids rye cultivars Gigantón (G) and Tetrapico (T) displaying significant differences in their quadrivalent frequencies at metaphase I was analyzed by electron microscopy in surface-spread prophase I nuclei. A different behaviour was observed between the two cultivars; the synaptonemal complex (SC) quadrivalents frequency being significantly higher in G than in T at prophase I. Moreover, the G SC quadrivalents had more synaptic partner exchanges (SPEs) and their location was more distal than the T SC quadrivalents. However, inverse findings were found at met

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10

Chatterjee, R., and G. Jenkins. "Meiotic chromosome interactions in inbred autotetraploid rye (Secale cereale)." Genome 36, no. 1 (1993): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-016.

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Electron microscopy of whole-mount surface-spread synaptonemal complex complements and conventional light microscopy of chromosomes at first metaphase of meiosis were used to compare the relative frequencies of pairing configurations at the two stages in inbred autotetraploid rye (Secale cereale L.). Statistical tests showed significantly fewer multivalents at first metaphase than expectations based on random initiation of synapsis at each telomeric site within each group of four homologues. Direct observations of synaptic behaviour of chromosomes showed that this deviation is due primarily to

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11

Yahaya, Muhammad Sanusi, Mohd Shahrom Salisi, Nur Mahiza Md Isa, and Abdwahid Haron. "Optimization of cell culture and the spread of metaphase chromosomes for cytogenetic studies using Taguchi design in the deer." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 3 (2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.338.

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Metaphase production is an important aspect of cytogenetic studies. To achieve acceptable metaphase spreads for cytogenetic study, cells, depending on source animals, require different operating conditions. It is therefore necessary to optimize the process to produce a protocol, which achieves the best result. This study aimed to establish the growth and arrest requirements of cultured Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from three breeds of deer (Axis axis, Rusa timorensis and Rusa unicolor) using Taguchi design. Twenty-four animals (8 in each study) were used in the study. Culture med

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12

Cerro, A. L. del, A. Fernández, and J. L. Santos. "Spreading synaptonemal complexes of B isochromosomes in the grasshopper Omocestus burri." Genome 37, no. 6 (1994): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-147.

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Meiotic pairing behaviour of one and two B isochromosomes (iso-Bs) in the grasshopper Omocestus burri was analysed by electron microscopy in surface-spread prophase I nuclei and compared with light microscopic observations of metaphase I. Iso-Bs display a peripheral location in the surface-spread nuclei and early pairing relative to that of the long members of the A set. Single iso-Bs undergo foldback pairing to give symmetrical hairpin loops. Two iso-Bs may show interarm pairing, mterchromosome pairing, or combinations of the two. Pericentromeric interarm pairing can be delayed in one or both

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13

Chen, Qin, and Hai Y. Li. "An Improved Technique for High Resolution Mitotic Chromosome Studies in Solanum." HortScience 40, no. 1 (2005): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.54.

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An improved method is described for the isolation of potato metaphase chromosomes for karyotypic and cytogenetic studies. Root tips from diploid Mexican species, Solanum pinnatisectum (2n = 2x = 24) and tetraploid cultivated S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48) were given four different pretreatments. The synthetic pyrethroid, Ambush, was the most stable and effective pretreatment reagent, providing the highest percentage of mitotic chromosomes at metaphase and the best spread of countable chromosomes for cytogenetic studies. Compared with an Ambush pretreatment at concentrations of 100-400 ppm, 1 to 1

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14

Cuñado, N., S. Callejas, M. J. García, J. L. Santos, and A. Fernández. "Chromosome pairing in the allotetraploid Aegilops biuncialis and a triploid intergeneric hybrid." Genome 39, no. 4 (1996): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-084.

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Chromosome pairing behaviour of the natural allotetraploid Aegilops biuncialis (genome UUMM) and a triploid hybrid Ae. biuncialis × Secale cereale (genome UMR) was analyzed by electron microscopy in surface-spread prophase I nuclei. Synaptonemal-complex analysis at zygotene and pachytene revealed that synapsis in the allotetraploid was mostly between homologous chromosomes, although a few quadrivalents were also formed. Only homologous bivalents were observed at metaphase I. In contrast, homoeologous and heterologous chromosome associations were common at prophase I and metaphase I of the trip

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15

Peterson, Daniel G., Nora L. V. Lapitan, and Stephen M. Stack. "Localization of Single- and Low-Copy Sequences on Tomato Synaptonemal Complex Spreads Using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH)." Genetics 152, no. 1 (1999): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.1.427.

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Abstract Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful means by which single- and low-copy DNA sequences can be localized on chromosomes. Compared to the mitotic metaphase chromosomes that are normally used in FISH, synaptonemal complex (SC) spreads (hypotonically spread pachytene chromosomes) have several advantages. SC spreads (1) are comparatively free of debris that can interfere with probe penetration, (2) have relatively decondensed chromatin that is highly accessible to probes, and (3) are about ten times longer than their metaphase counterparts, which permits FISH mapping at

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16

Seitz, Lisa C., Keliang Tang, W. Jason Cummings, and Miriam E. Zolan. "The rad9 Gene of Coprinus cinereus Encodes a Proline-Rich Protein Required for Meiotic Chromosome Condensation and Synapsis." Genetics 142, no. 4 (1996): 1105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.4.1105.

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Abstract The rad9 gene of Coprinus cinereus is essential for the normal completion of meiosis. We examined surface-spread preparations of wild-type and rad9-1 nuclei from the meiotic stages of karyogamy through metaphase I, and we determined the primary sequence, structure, and meiotic expression of the rad9 gene. In wild-type C. cinereus, karyogamy is followed by condensation and alignment of homologous chromosomes. Condensation and axial core development largely precede synapsis, which often initiates at telomeres. A diffuse diplotene phase coincides with dissolution of the synaptonemal comp

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17

Liang, Kaihao, Shuliang Li, Wenfeng Zhang, and Chaolong Zhang. "Research on Stock Market Risk Contagion of Major Debt Crises Based on Complex Network Models—The Case of Evergrande in China." Mathematics 12, no. 11 (2024): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12111675.

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After a major debt crisis occurs in a listed company, the stock prices of related enterprises may also fluctuate sharply, resulting in the spread of debt risk to more enterprises. Taking the stocks of listed companies as network nodes, we constructed a complex stock market network over three periods of time through the logarithmic return rate of stocks for the three periods of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of the debt crisis. We studied the topological characteristics of the network and destructiveness over the three periods. Finally, the minimum spanning tree was used to construct a netwo

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18

Jones, G. H., and J. E. Vincent. "Meiosis in allopolyploid Crepis capillaris. II. Autotetraploids." Genome 37, no. 3 (1994): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-069.

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Meiotic chromosome pairing of autotetraploid Crepis capillaris was analysed by electron microscopy of surface-spread prophase I nuclei and compared with light microscopic observations of metaphase I chromosome configurations. Prophase I quadrivalent frequencies are high in all three tetrasomes. (A, D, and C) and partially dependent on chromosome size. At metaphase I quadrivalent frequencies are much lower and strongly dependent on chromosome size. There is no evidence for multivalent elimination during prophase I in this system, and the reduction in multivalent frequency at metaphase I can be

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19

Narukulla, Vijayakumari, Yogesh Lahane, and Rekha A. "Ploidy analysis among Citrus mutants using leaf meristematic tissue." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 17, no. 1 (2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v17i1.1186.

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A promising method for preparing metaphase spread for counting the number of chromosomes from the emerging shoot tissue is described in this report. In the present study, we adopted enzymatic digestion of shoot tips to analyse the chromosome number. The chromosomes in metaphase stage of cell division are highly condensed and easy to count in routine cytological technique. Even the morphological features like position of centromere can be seen in metaphase. In prophase it may not be clear as the chromosomes are getting ready for cell division. In enzymatic digestion even the prophase chromosome

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20

Zadesenets, K. S., and N. B. Rubtsov. "Generation of microdissected DNA probes from metaphase chromosomes when chromosome identification by routine staining is impossible." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 24, no. 5 (2020): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj20.46-o.

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Application of microdissected DNA libraries and DNA probes in numerous and various modern molecular cytogenetic studies showed them as an efficient and reliable tool in the analysis of chromosome reorganization during karyotypic evolution and in the diagnosis of human chromosome pathology. An important advantage of DNA probe generation by metaphase chromosome microdissection followed by sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction in comparison with the method of DNA probe generation using chromosome sorting is the possibility of DNA probe preparation from chromosomes of an individual sample

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21

Liehr, T., V. Trifonov, A. Polityko, et al. "Characterization of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes By A Simple Molecular and Molecular Cytogenetics Approach." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 10, no. 1 (2007): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10034-007-0006-5.

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Characterization of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes By A Simple Molecular and Molecular Cytogenetics ApproachSmall supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are still a major problem especially in prenatal cytogenetic diagnostics and counseling. These structurally abnormal chromosomes cannot be identified or characterized unambiguously by conventional banding cytogenetics alone, and are generally about the size of or smaller than a chromosome 20 in the same metaphase spread. We describe a straightforward algorithm, based on data from 2,211 reported cases (http://www.markerchromosomes.ag.v

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Ekundare, Olugbemi Victor, and Omotayo Fagbuaro. "COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETIC STUDY AMONG PARACHANNA OBSCURA POPULATIONS FROM SELECTED WATER BODIES IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (2024): 314–18. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2509.

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Parachanna obscura is a freshwater Perciform species that belong to the family Channidae. In contrast to many other fish species, the genetic information about P. obscura as a species is very scarce and its chromosome compliments in different confined populations all over remain undiscovered. In view of this, this study considered the cytogenetic variations among three populations of P. obscura collected from River Elemi, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Egbe-Ekiti Reservoir, Egbe, Ekiti State and Esa-Odo Reservoir, Esa-Odo, Osun State, Nigeria. Each sampled fish was injected with 0.05% Colchicines sol

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23

Ketki, H. Pophali, and A. Deodhar Manjushri. "Optimization of Giemsa staining protocol for metaphase chromosome preparation using leaf bud meristem of Garcinia indica(Thouars) Choisyfor karyotype analysis." Acta Botanica Plantae 02, no. 01 (2023): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7645265.

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<em>Garcinia indica</em> is polygamodaceous tree. Being woody plant chromosome count is often limited by their small and huge chromosome number. In any plant obtaining well spread and less distorted chromosome preparations by conventional squash spread method is intricate due to presence of cell wall. Present study described in detailed method of enzyme digestion mediated protoplast dropping for preparing metaphasechromosomes from plant leaf tissues. Pretreatment of samples with 2 mM 8- hydroxyquinoline solution was seen to be best to accumulate maximum (Mitotic index: 71.4%) number of metapha

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24

ISOYAMA, KEIICHI, MITSURU IMAI, AKIRA ISHIKAWA, KAZUHIRO FUJITA, YUMIKO SUTO, and TAMIKO SHINOHARA. "A case with dicentric translocation between chromosome 9 and 18: Confirmation by fluorescent in situ hybridization on metaphase spread." Pediatrics International 37, no. 1 (1995): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1995.tb03698.x.

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25

LaFountain, James R., Christopher S. Cohan, Alan J. Siegel, and Douglas J. LaFountain. "Direct Visualization of Microtubule Flux during Metaphase and Anaphase in Crane-Fly Spermatocytes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 12 (2004): 5724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-08-0750.

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Microtubule flux in spindles of insect spermatocytes, long-used models for studies on chromosome behavior during meiosis, was revealed after iontophoretic microinjection of rhodamine-conjugated (rh)-tubulin and fluorescent speckle microscopy. In time-lapse movies of crane-fly spermtocytes, fluorescent speckles generated when rh-tubulin incorporated at microtubule plus ends moved poleward through each half-spindle and then were lost from microtubule minus ends at the spindle poles. The average poleward velocity of ∼0.7 μm/min for speckles within kinetochore microtubules at metaphase increased d

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Jenkins, G., and A. Okumus. "Indiscriminate synapsis in achiasmate Allium fistulosum L. (Liliaceae)." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 2 (1992): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.2.415.

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Seedlings of Allium fistulosum (2n=2x=16) were treated with aqueous colchicine with the intention of inducing tetraploidy. One treated, but undoubled, diploid mutant is described which consistently fails to form any chiasmata at diakinesis and metaphase I of meiosis. Electron microscopy of whole-mount surface-spread synaptonemal complex complements of pollen mother cell nuclei revealed that the achiasmate condition is probably due not only to the failure to complete synapsis, but also to the indiscriminate way in which the chromosomes form synaptonemal complexes during meiotic prophase. Synaps

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27

Zhou, H., L. P. Song, D. W. Li, R. M. Liu, J. T. Chen, and Xi-Tai Huang. "Dynamic Distribution of Thr3-Phosphorylated Histone H3 in CHO Cells in Mitosis." Folia Biologica 52, no. 5 (2006): 156–60. https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2006052050156.

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The phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10, Ser28, Thr11 and Thr3 of the amino terminal has been proved related to mitosis of the mammalian cells. However, the function of the Thr3 phosphorylation of H3 remains unclear. In this study, indirect immunofluorescence labelling and laser confocal microscopy were used to examine the cellular dynamic distribution of Thr3-phosphorylated H3 at mitosis in CHO cells. The results showed that the Thr3 phosphorylation began at early prophase and spread throughout the chromosomes at late prophase. At metaphase, most of the Thr3-phosphorylated H3 was distribut

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Tosuji, Hiroaki, Kotaro Togami, and Junko Miyamoto. "Karyotypic analysis of the hermaphroditic viviparous polychaete, Hediste limnicola (Polychaeta: Nereididae): possibility of sex chromosome degeneration." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 3 (2009): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990713.

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Karyotypes of the hermaphroditic polychaete Hediste limnicola were examined using an air-drying method and genetic material prepared from regenerating tail and newborn juveniles. Materials were obtained from a lineage of cultured worms originating from Watsonville Slough (California, USA) and maintained for six years in the laboratory. Giemsa-stained preparations were analysed by a computer-assisted image-analysing system for the identification of each chromosome pair. A diploid chromosome number of 26 was obtained from well-spread metaphase chromosomes of mitotic cells, consisting of metacent

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Li, G. P., and T. D. Bunch. "53MODIFIED AIR-DRY METHOD REVEALS THAT DIPLOID CELLS ARE PREDOMINANT IN CLONED BOVINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab53.

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Chromosomal analysis is important for evaluating embryo quality. Reports on the cytogenetic analyses of bovine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos, however, have varied according to methods used (Mohamed NMS et al. 2000 J. Vet. Med. Sci. 62, 339–342; Arat S et al. 2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 1768–1774; Booth PJ et al. 2003 Biol. Reprod. 68, 922–928). An improved air-dry method was developed in this study to specifically investigate the chromosomal composition of bovine NT embryos. NT embryos were obtained by transferring cumulus cells into enucleated oocytes, the fused embryos were then co-cultured in CR

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Yesmin, F., D. Haymer, M. N. Uddin, and M. Hasanuzzaman. "Cytological Characterisation of Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes in Tephritid Fruit Flies Bactrocera zonata and Zeugodacus tau (Diptera, Tephritidae)." zoodiversity 59, no. 1 (2025): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2025.01.021.

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Two fruit fly species, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1842) and Zeugodacus tau (Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were studied with regard to their autosomes and sex chromosomes from mitotic metaphase spreads. Both species are native to South and South- East Asia and have major economic impacts in agriculture sectors of these areas. They are polyphagous, can easily adapt and spread. Both of them have the same diploid chromosome number of 2n = 12 (10 autosomes + heteromorphic sex chromosome pair XX/ XY). The male is heterogametic (XY) and the female is homogametic (XX). Chromosomes were classi

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Williams, B. C., M. Gatti, and M. L. Goldberg. "Bipolar spindle attachments affect redistributions of ZW10, a Drosophila centromere/kinetochore component required for accurate chromosome segregation." Journal of Cell Biology 134, no. 5 (1996): 1127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.134.5.1127.

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Previous efforts have shown that mutations in the Drosophila ZW10 gene cause massive chromosome missegregation during mitotic divisions in several tissues. Here we demonstrate that mutations in ZW10 also disrupt chromosome behavior in male meiosis I and meiosis II, indicating that ZW10 function is common to both equational and reductional divisions. Divisions are apparently normal before anaphase onset, but ZW10 mutants exhibit lagging chromosomes and irregular chromosome segregation at anaphase. Chromosome missegregation during meiosis I of these mutants is not caused by precocious separation

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Mollard, Richard, Michael Mahony, and Matt West. "Karyotypic description and comparison of Litoria (L.) paraewingi (Watson et al., 1971), L. ewingii (Duméril et Bibron, 1841) and L. jervisiensis (Duméril et Bibron, 1841) (Amphibia, Anura)." Comparative Cytogenetics 18 (August 20, 2024): 161–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.129133.

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The karyotype of Litoria (L.) paraewingi (Watson et al., 1971) (Big River State Forest, Victoria) is described here for the first time. It is prepared following tissue culture of toe clipping macerates, cryopreservation, reculture and conventional 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The <i>L. paraewingi</i> karyotype is then compared to similarly processed IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) least concern members <i>L. ewingii</i> (Duméril et Bibron, 1841) (southern Victoria) and <i>L. jervisiensis</i> (Duméril et Bibron, 1841) (Myall Lakes National Park, New S

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Dobson, M. J., R. E. Pearlman, A. Karaiskakis, B. Spyropoulos, and P. B. Moens. "Synaptonemal complex proteins: occurrence, epitope mapping and chromosome disjunction." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 10 (1994): 2749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.10.2749.

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We have used polyclonal antibodies against fusion proteins produced from cDNA fragments of a meiotic chromosome core protein, Cor1, and a protein present only in the synapsed portions of the cores, Syn1, to detect the occurrence and the locations of these proteins in rodent meiotic prophase chromosomes. The 234 amino acid Cor1 protein is present in early unpaired cores, in the lateral domains of the synaptonemal complex and in the chromosome cores when they separate at diplotene. A novel observation showed the presence of Cor1 axial to the metaphase I chromosomes and substantial amounts of Cor

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Hosoya, N., H. Hosoya, S. Yamashiro, H. Mohri, and F. Matsumura. "Localization of caldesmon and its dephosphorylation during cell division." Journal of Cell Biology 121, no. 5 (1993): 1075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.121.5.1075.

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Mitosis-specific phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase causes nonmuscle caldesmon to dissociate from microfilaments during prometaphase. (Yamashiro, S., Y. Yamakita, R. Ishikawa, and F. Matsumura. 1990. Nature (Lond.). 344:675-678; Yamashiro, S., Y. Yamakita, H. Hosoya, and F. Matsumura. 1991. Nature (Lond.) 349:169-172). To explore the functions of caldesmon phosphorylation during cytokinesis, we have examined the relationship between the phosphorylation level, actin-binding, and in vivo localization of caldesmon in cultured cells after their release of metaphase arrest. Immunofluorescence studies h

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Zannotti, Michele, Marco Battelli, and Pietro Parma. "Alternative Agents to Colcemid for Obtaining High-Quality Metaphase Spreads." Animals 15, no. 10 (2025): 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101476.

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In cytogenetics, the ability to perform FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) experiments using probes that map very closely together depends on the capacity to produce sufficiently long chromosomes. Traditionally, colcemid is the chemical agent used to obtain metaphase spreads. However, various substances have been reported to arrest cells in an earlier stage of mitosis than the metaphase, potentially providing longer chromosomes. In this study, we tested seven substances different from colcemid, which, according to the literature, have this capability: Vinblastine, Combretastatin A-4, Po

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Fishkind, D. J., and Y. L. Wang. "Orientation and three-dimensional organization of actin filaments in dividing cultured cells." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 4 (1993): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.4.837.

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The current hypothesis of cytokinesis suggests that contractile forces in the cleavage furrow are generated by a circumferential band of actin filaments. However, relatively little is known about the global organization of actin filaments in dividing cells. To approach this problem we have used fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) microscopy to measure filament orientation, and digital optical sectioning microscopy to perform three-dimensional reconstructions of dividing NRK cells stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. During metaphase, actin filaments in the equatorial region show a slig

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Adler, I. D., R. Johannisson, and H. Winking. "The influence of the Robertsonian translocation Rb(X.2)2Ad on anaphase I non-disjunction in male laboratory mice." Genetical Research 53, no. 2 (1989): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300027944.

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SummaryA Robertsonian translocation in the mouse between theXchromosome and chromosome 2 is described. The male and female carriers of the Rb(X.2)2Ad were fertile. A homozygous/hemizygous line was maintained. The influence of theX-autosomal Robertsonian translocation on anaphase I non-disjunction in male mice was studied by chromosome counts in cells at metaphase II of meoisis and by assessment of aneuploid progeny. The results conclusively show that the inclusion of Rb2Ad in the male genome induces non-disjunction at the first meoitic division. In second metaphase cells the frequency of sex-c

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Altıner, Şule, Nüket Yürür Kutlay, and Hatice Ilgın Ruhi. "Mosaic Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived from Five Discontinuous Regions of Chromosome 8 in a Patient with Neutropenia and Oral Aphthous Ulcer." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 160, no. 1 (2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505805.

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Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are characterized as additional centric chromosome fragments which are too small to be classified by cytogenetic banding alone and smaller than or equal to the size of chromosome 20 of the same metaphase spread. Here, we report a patient who presented with slight neutropenia and oral aphthous ulcers. A mosaic de novo sSMC, which originated from 5 discontinuous regions of chromosome 8, was detected in the patient. Formation of the sSMC(8) can probably be explained by a multi-step process beginning with maternal meiotic nondisjunction, followed by p

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Krukowska, Anna, Ewa Wielkopolska, Renata Czolłwska, M. Maleszewski, and A. K. Tarkowski. "Mouse oocytes and parthenogenetic eggs lose the ability to be penetrated by spermatozoa after fusion with zygotes." Zygote 6, no. 4 (1998): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199498000276.

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Fertilised mouse eggs develop the oolemma block to sperm penetration within 1 h. This block makes zona-free eggs at the pronuclear stage (zygotes) fully resistant to sperm penetration. In this study we investigated whether this block can spread – as a result of cell fusion – to the oolemma of eggs that are competent to be penetrated by spermatozoa. Preovulatory (GV) oocytes, ovulated oocytes in metaphase II (MII) and 1-cell parthenotes were fused with zygotes and the hybrid cells inseminated at various intervals after fusion. Sperm penetration was assessed on the basis of the presence of Giems

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De Mesquita, Joelma Freire, Suely R. Dos Santos, and Carmen Lucia A. Paiva. "Karyotype Learning Center: A Software For Teaching And Learning Cytogenetics." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 2, no. 2 (2004): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v2i2.140.

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The in vitro cultivation of human cells is an essential part of the work of every diagnostic cytoge-netics laboratory. Almost all human cytogenetic studies involve the examination of dividing bloodcell population by blocking cell division at metaphase with subsequent processing and staining bybanding techniques. The chromosome constitution is described as Karyotype that states the totalnumber of chromosomes and the sex chromosome constitution. Karyotypes are prepared by cuttingup a photograph of the spread metaphase chromosomes, matching up homologous chromosomes andsticking them back down on

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SINGH, KARAN VEER, RAMENDRA DAS, SAKET NIRANJAN, and R. S. KATARIA. "Cytogenetic analysis reveals swamp status of the indigenous â€˜Bhangorâ€™ buffalo population from Tripura." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 1 (2022): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i1.120923.

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The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) isclassified into the swamp and riverine. However, theirhybrids are also found in some parts of Assam (BrahmaputraValley) in North-east India. Swamp buffaloes have a typicalphenotypic appearance, like the shape of horns, small bodysize as compared to riverine breeds, and body-colour, etc.This study characterizes the indigenous non-descriptâ€˜Bhangorâ€™ buffalo population from the Tripura state usingkaryotype analyses. Blood samples were collected fromunrelated animals of both sexes phenotypically identifiedas swamp buffaloes from the breeding tract

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Jenkins, G., and R. Chatterjee. "Chromosome structure and pairing preferences in autotetraploid rye (Secale cereale)." Genome 37, no. 5 (1994): 784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-112.

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The influence of chromosome structure upon pairing behaviour during meiosis was investigated by comparing four autotetraploid genotypes of rye (Secale cereale) containing homologous chromosome sets with different degrees of structural similarity. The series provided a range of genotypes that, at one extreme, contained structurally identical chromosome sets and, at the other extreme, sets that are certainly more heterozygous in the genic sense and probably also more diverse from a purely structural viewpoint. Relative frequencies of pairing configurations at meiotic prophase and metaphase I wer

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O'donnell, Kerry. "A reevaluation of the mitotic spindle pole body cycle in Tilletia caries based on freeze-substitution techniques." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 10 (1994): 1412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-174.

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Mitosis in the wheat pathogen Tilletia caries (Basidiomycota, Tilletiales) was investigated by electron microscopy of serially sectioned, fast-frozen, freeze-substituted mitotic cells called ballistospores. A duplicated spindle pole body consisting of two identical, three-layered globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear face of each nucleus at interphase. During mitosis, astral and spindle microtubules radiated from the globular elements that form the poles of an intranuclear spindle. At metaphase, chromosomes were interspersed with the nonkinetochore micr

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Theisen, Ulrike, Anne Straube, and Gero Steinberg. "Dynamic Rearrangement of Nucleoporins during Fungal “Open” Mitosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 3 (2008): 1230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0130.

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Mitosis in animals starts with the disassembly of the nuclear pore complexes and the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. In contrast to many fungi, the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis also removes the nuclear envelope. Here, we report on the dynamic behavior of the nucleoporins Nup214, Pom152, Nup133, and Nup107 in this “open” fungal mitosis. In prophase, the nuclear pore complexes disassembled and Nup214 and Pom152 dispersed in the cytoplasm and in the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Nup107 and Nup133 initially spread throughout the cytoplasm, but in metaphase and early anaphase occurred

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Neethirajan, Suresh, Tamaki Hirose, Junichi Wakayama, Kazumi Tsukamoto, Hiroko Kanahara, and Shigeru Sugiyama. "Karyotype Analysis of Buckwheat Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 4 (2011): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611000481.

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AbstractKaryotype analysis and classification of buckwheat chromosomes were performed without chemical banding or staining using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tartaricum (Tartarian buckwheat) chromosomes were isolated from root tissues using an enzymatic maceration technique and spread over a glass substrate. Air-dried chromosomes had a surface with ridges, and the height of common and tartary buckwheat were approximately 350 and 150 nm. Volumes of metaphase sets of buckwheat chromosomes were calculated using three-dimensional AFM measurem

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Khatiwada, Homnath, Deepak Raj Pant, and Giri Prasad Joshi. "Chromosomal Stability and its Effect on Morphology of Wheat-Thinopyrum elongatum Disomic Addition Lines." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (2025): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.3126/jist.v30i1.70452.

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The introduction of chromosomes from wild relatives is of great importance as it helps in wheat improvement programs by introducing many useful traits like those related to stress tolerance that lead to increased yield, thereby contributing to food security and safety. In this regard, seven Chinese spring wheat addition lines disomic to different chromosomes from Thinopyrum elongatum were compared with the normal Chinese spring in order to study the chromosome stability and effect of disomic addition lines on spike characteristics. All the wheat lines were obtained from NBRP-Wheat Japan. Chrom

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Tіpіlo, H. T., and V. V. Dzitsiuk. "FEATURES OF CHROMOSOMAL SET OF SHEEP OF ROMANOV BREED." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.21.

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During long time a great interest was revealed to the Romanov breed by many sheep farmers of the world. To preserve and develop the breed, it is necessary to use modern approaches to assess its inbred breed diversity. One of most perspective for population-genetic researches is cytogenetic that allows to investigate the integrity of the chromosomal set and prevent the spread of unwanted genetic abnormalities in the population. The spontaneous chromosomal to aberration have a selective value in a breed formative process, that are fixed in generations. A level of chromosomal polymorphism is addi

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Lisachov, Artem P., Vladimir A. Trifonov, Massimo Giovannotti, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, and Pavel M. Borodin. "Heteromorphism of “Homomorphic” Sex Chromosomes in Two Anole Species (Squamata, Dactyloidae) Revealed by Synaptonemal Complex Analysis." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 151, no. 2 (2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000460829.

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Iguanians (Pleurodonta) are one of the reptile lineages that, like birds and mammals, have sex chromosomes of ancient origin. In most iguanians these are microchromosomes, making a distinction between the X and Y as well as between homeologous sex chromosomes in other species difficult. Meiotic chromosome analysis may be used to elucidate their differentiation, because meiotic prophase chromosomes are longer and less condensed than metaphase chromosomes, and the homologues are paired with each other, revealing minor heteromorphisms. Using electron and fluorescent microscopy of surface spread s

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Srivastava, Sangeeta, and U. C. Lavania. "Evolutionary DNA variation in Papaver." Genome 34, no. 5 (1991): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-118.

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In 23 species of Papaver L., 2C nuclear DNA amounts range from 4.64 pg in Papaver persicum (2n = 14) to 22.43 pg in Papaver orientale (2n = 42), revealing a fivefold variation within the genus. However, such variation is limited to only twofold among the species that have the same chromosome number (2n = 14). The distribution of DNA is discontinuously spread over six groups in the genus. A strong positive correlation exists between nuclear DNA content and metaphase chromosome length. Viewed in the context of evolutionary divergence, it is revealed that DNA reduction has taken place in conjunct

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Heath, I. Brent, and Tom Bauchop. "Mitosis and the phylogeny of the genus Neocallimastix." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 9 (1985): 1595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-222.

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Ultrastructural details of mitosis in species of the anaerobic chytridiomycete rumen fungal genus Neocallimastix are described in an attempt to clarify the phylogeny of the genus. Mitosis and spindle formation are entirely intranuclear and start with a group of kinetochores subtending a differentiated region of the nuclear envelope adjacent to extranuclear nucleus-associated organelles. Following duplication of the nucleus-associated organelles, a bipolar spindle develops among the kinetochores and elongates as the nucleus-associated organelles separate. At metaphase the kinetochores are sprea

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