Academic literature on the topic 'Metaphoric extension'
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Journal articles on the topic "Metaphoric extension"
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Pleyer, Michael, Svetlana Kuleshova, and Marek Placiński. "Integrating approaches to the role of metaphor in the evolutionary dynamics of language." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 12, no. 1 (2024): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2024-0007.
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Abstract Metaphor occupies a central role not only in language use, but also in language change and evolution. Specifically, semantic extension motivated by metaphor plays an important role in extending the lexicon of languages. It is this process that enables the emergence of one of the key properties of modern languages, namely that they are open-ended, systematic, polysemous, structured semiotic systems. Here, we review results from three approaches whose integration presents an important cornerstone for an interdisciplinary account of the role of metaphor in the evolutionary dynamics of language: (1) Historical linguistics and diachronic semantics (2) Computational approaches and natural language processing, and (3) Experimental semiotics. Research in historical linguistics has shown that metaphor is a major mechanism of semantic change. Diachronic semantic analyses have not only mapped detailed historical trajectories of semantic extension motivated by metaphor, but also identified common metaphoric pathways of change as well as shared cognitive principles underlying them. Computational approaches and natural language processing have used findings and data from historical linguistics in attempts to automate the detection of metaphoric semantic change and to build data-driven models models of the principles underlying it. Experimental semiotics is a paradigm in which participants have to create novel communication systems in the absence of language. It represents an experimental design that can investigate cultural linguistic evolution and the emergence of metaphors and metaphorical extensions under controlled laboratory settings to shed light on the interactional and cognitive principles involved in it. Combining results from these approaches represents an important first step towards an interdisciplinary, integrative account of the role of metaphor, and processes of polysemous meaning extension more generally, in the evolutionary dynamics of language.
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Ioannou, Georgios. "BRILLIANT, SUNNY AND BRIGHT: GENERALISED IINVARIANCE THROUGH ETYMOLOGY." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 36 (2021): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.12.
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The relevance of image schemas in metaphoric extension has been long highlighted in Cognitive Linguistics literature. The image-schematic makeup of a metaphoric source is preserved in the target, in a way consistent with the structure of the latter (Lakoff, 1993). More recently, Sullivan (2013) has raised a similar case for semantic frames, in a constructional framework. Metaphoric mappings are licensed only if the semantic frame of the source is compatible with the conceptual metaphor profiled by the target. The present work integrates Sullivan and Lakoff’s approach to invariance, on the basis of the following hypothesis: the compatibility between a semantic frame evoked by a lexical construction and a conceptual metaphor is susceptible to an imageschematic blueprint, already present in the etymologically prior meaning of the construction. Thus, invariance is hypothesised to hold across categorisation levels of different schematicity, but also across time. The case study re-takes the analysis of the adjectival terms brilliant, sunny and bright, under the generalised invariance hypothesis. The metaphorical potential of a term is shown to be at the same time constrained as well as motivated by this strong version of invariance.
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Veremchuk, Eldar. "Ontological Metaphors for Moral Concepts in the Bible: Introduction." Acta Neophilologica 55, no. 1-2 (2022): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.55.1-2.177-191.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of ontological mappings involving ethical concepts in the text of the Bible. The paper hypothesizes that ethical concepts as abstract phenomena are understood as physical entities and living beings, therefore there must be corresponding metaphorical projections, which underlie their conceptualization. The metaphor is viewed from two perspectives: within the classical and conceptual metaphor theories. From the perspective of the classical theory, metaphor is a literary expressive means, part of figurative language, which consists in using one word instead of the other for the sake of drawing attention or attaining poetic or elevated style. From the conceptual perspective, metaphor is a way humans perceive and conceptualize the objective reality by means of understanding complex abstract ideas or phenomena on the basis of some simple concrete things from the central life experience. This is carried out by means of projection of the source domain features onto the target domain, the latter being more complex than the former. Ontological metaphoric transferences with the target ethical concepts, which are found in the Bible involve two superordinate source domains: PERSON and THING. The extension of these two primary metaphors, which make up the central mapping is represented by a number of hyponymic domains, each of which is discussed separately. Besides the extension, the article pays special attention to the elaboration of metaphors, which involves the extension of the conceptual zone and projection of other source domain features, different from the central ones. The research infers the conclusion that the use of cross-domain mappings plays an important role in conveying ontological and deontological messages since such type of narrative helps to deliver the essential message to the broader audience most efficiently as the more complex moral implications expressed in this way are conceived through simpler ideas and notions.
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Gentner, Dedre, and Jennifer Asmuth. "Metaphoric extension, relational categories, and abstraction." Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 34, no. 10 (2017): 1298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1410560.
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MacArthur, Fiona, and Jeannette Littlemore. "On the repetition of words with the potential for metaphoric extension in conversations between native and non-native speakers of English." Metaphor and the Social World 1, no. 2 (2011): 201–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.1.2.05mac.
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Although quite a lot is known about the way that non-native speakers of English may interpret and produce metaphors in their second language, we know little about metaphor use in face-to-face conversation between primary and secondary speakers of English. In this article we explore the use of metaphors in two types of conversational data: one elicited in a semi-structured interview format, the other consisting of naturally occurring conversations involving one non-native speaker in dialogue with various native speakers. We found that although native speakers’ use of metaphor was occasionally problematic for the interaction, metaphor also afforded opportunities for topic development in these conversations. The repetition of a word with the potential for metaphoric extension was a particularly valuable strategy used by non-native speakers in these conversations in constructing their coherent contributions to the discourse. In contrast, the use of phraseological metaphors (often the focus of activities aimed at fostering second language learners’ mastery of conventional English metaphors) did not contribute to the joint construction of meanings in these circumstances. We discuss the role of high frequency vocabulary in these conversations and some implications for further research.
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Guarddon Anelo, Carmen. "Prepositional semantics and metaphoric extensions." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 3 (October 31, 2005): 300–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.3.15gua.
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In this paper we analyze the semantics of the Spanish preposition desde. This analysis is developed within the cognitive linguistics framework. First, we establish the central uses of this category, using a corpus created from examples provided by Spanish speakers. Then, we examine the uses of this preposition that respond to a metaphoric extension. According to my working hypothesis, these metaphoric uses are derived from the topological schema that underlies all the uses of this preposition. The metaphoric extensions of this preposition have been gradually and only partially accepted by the ‘Real Academia de la Lengua’ and other linguistic authorities. However, there exits a use based on a metaphoric transfer which is ignored by traditional treatments. Furthermore, this use is explicitly defined as incorrect by the dictionary of the Spanish language Clave. We will show that this use is consistent with the topological schema that has given rise to the rest of the metaphoric uses of desde and thus should be treated as another valid use of this category.
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Lim, Ji Ryong, and Hye Won Lim. "The Link Schema and Its Metaphoric Extension." HAN-GEUL 276 (June 30, 2007): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22557/hg.2007.06.276.105.
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Shaver, Stephen R. "Radial Extension, Prototypicality, and Tectonic Equivalence." Open Theology 4, no. 1 (2018): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2018-0007.
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Abstract In his book “Without Metaphor, No Saving God: Theology After Cognitive Linguistics”, Robert Masson describes a metaphoric process by which newly accepted truths emerge: for example, in the assertion “Jesus is the Messiah,” Christians reconfigure the field of meanings associated with an existing concept from the Hebrew scriptures (messiah) by asserting its identification with Jesus. Masson dubs this process a “tectonic equivalence” or “tectonic shift.” In this paper I build on Masson‘s work by examining some of the shifts he describes as tectonic through the lens of the cognitive linguistics concepts of radial extension and polysemy. I propose that a lasting tectonic shift may be understood as a blend creating a radial extension that substantially alters the category structure of the original source frame so that the blended space comes to be understood as a central instance of that category. Such an approach allows a fruitful analysis of the similarities and differences among three example blends: god is a rock, jesus is the messiah, and jesus is god.
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Gavrilova, Irina A. "Metaphorical Terms as Part of English Legal Terminology." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 2 (2019): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-2-504-512.
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The present research features the role of metaphorical term formation in the Anglo-American legal term system on the basis of a multi-aspect analysis of a lexicographic source. A thorough examination showed that metaphorization is a full-featured but not productive mechanism of terminology production in the sphere of jurisprudence. Metaphorical terms that function in major, specialized, and complex branches of law represent less than 1% of all terminological units recorded in the ABBYY Press legal dictionary. The paper focuses on mono-lexemic and poly-lexemic legal terms formed by metaphorization. Two- and three-component metaphorical terms were found most frequent. This fact can be explained both by the binary essence of the metaphorical process itself and by a high degree of specification of the legal concept. The position of the metaphorical component was taken into account when the terminological combinations were systematized. The paper contains some examples of various types of metaphoric shift in term formation: reframing according to (1) functional analogy, (2) identity of the produced impression, (3) size correspondence, (4) similarity of origin, (5) the presence of related properties, and (6) the same extension in space. The author singled out anthropomorphic, socio-morphic, artifactual, and nature-morphic metaphorical models of legal term formation. The predominant distribution of anthropomorphic legal metaphors reached almost 50% of the whole selection of examples. The paper describes and illustrates conceptual source spheres of all four categories of terminological metaphors in the legal field. As for some vague cases, the author specified the significative zone of the metaphor according to its figurative-semantic focus. In addition, the study differentiated universal and nationally-marked legal metaphorical terms. Particular attention in this classification was given to metaphorical terms that bear precedent phenomena which are part of the cognitive base of the English-speaking socio-cultural community and serve as a key to understanding its legal norms.
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Mastandrea, Stefano, and John M. Kennedy. "Extension and the Ground in Motion’s Gestalt: Literal and metaphoric." Gestalt Theory 46, no. 1 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gth-2024-0003.
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Abstract We propose that in pictures both the extended limbs of actors and the ground are involved in gestalts for movement. Limbs extend to suggest more motion literally when a dancer is in air and refer to a canonical pose when on the ground. A running pony’s curled limbs off the ground depict fast action literally. A horse’s flying-gallop off the ground suggests speedy motion metaphorically. Cast shadows indicate the actor’s location with respect to the ground. We consider extended and curled limbs, on-ground and off, in literal and metaphoric pictures.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metaphoric extension"
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Bergmann, Dennis L. "Metaphoric extension as a basis for vocabulary teaching in English as a second language." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4209.
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This thesis addresses the problem of teaching and learning vocabulary in English as a Second Language (ESL), and proposes that a vocabulary based on the process of metaphoric extension could be taught directly. Despite the fact that an inadequate vocabulary is one of the main obstacles for intermediate-level ESL students, both ESL teachers and applied linguists have emphasized other aspects of English more than the study of vocabulary teaching and learning. Consequently, ESL students have few strategies for learning vocabulary other than reliance on the dictionary, and the predominant strategy for teachers is to present words rather unsystematically in the reading curriculum. In an effort to overcome this inadequacy, current vocabulary research is identifying central patterns of word usage, including lexical phrases and other 'chunks', core words, and semantic fields. One central pattern of usage that has not yet been researched is metaphoric extension. Since the so-called 'dead' metaphors produced by that process are lexical items expressing either literal or conventional meaning, they are also candidates for direct teaching.
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Teranishi, Takahiro. "Concept formation through iconicity: basic shapes and their metaphorical extensions in English and Japanese." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/598.
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Abstract One of the ways for a speaker to make sense of an object or event in the real world is to make use of iconicity between two things. Through iconic metaphorical extensions, the speaker connects the object or event to something else. In this study, I consider how speakers form concepts through iconic metaphorical extensions, examining how they metaphorically extend one concept to another. I suggest that all speakers use the same ways of forming metaphorical extensions and control metaphorical extensions according to their intentions and contexts. Using basic and simple shapes (e.g. 0) and their related metaphorical expressions (e.g. `a circular argument'), I discuss the role of iconicity in metaphorical understanding, the relationship between concept and language, and metaphorical extensions as tools of concept formation. I conduct descriptive investigations using dictionaries and compare related senses for particular basic shapes between English and Japanese, looking at their polysemous networks and historical changes. Using questionnaires, interviews and tasks with native speakers of English and Japanese, I conduct experimental investigations to examine the speakers' associations in relation to basic shapes and the degree of iconicity in metaphorical extensions. This study suggests that concepts, although probably stored in the mental space, are recreated every time they occur. Concept formation through iconic metaphorical extensions must be dynamic because it is based on 'extensions' of existing concepts, and must be universal to all speakers because metaphorical extensions are among the most basic mental activities of human beings. I propose dynamic and universal models which represent the way in which a speaker forms concepts, connecting a linguistic form and a mental picture and controlling iconic metaphorical extensions. These models contribute to understanding both similarities and differences in use of metaphorical extensions between English and Japanese.
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Teranishi, Takahiro. "Concept formation through iconicity basic shapes and their related metaphorical extensions in English and Japanese /." University of Sydney. Linguistics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/598.
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Abstract One of the ways for a speaker to make sense of an object or event in the real world is to make use of iconicity between two things. Through iconic metaphorical extensions, the speaker connects the object or event to something else. In this study, I consider how speakers form concepts through iconic metaphorical extensions, examining how they metaphorically extend one concept to another. I suggest that all speakers use the same ways of forming metaphorical extensions and control metaphorical extensions according to their intentions and contexts. Using basic and simple shapes (e.g. 0) and their related metaphorical expressions (e.g. `a circular argument'), I discuss the role of iconicity in metaphorical understanding, the relationship between concept and language, and metaphorical extensions as tools of concept formation. I conduct descriptive investigations using dictionaries and compare related senses for particular basic shapes between English and Japanese, looking at their polysemous networks and historical changes. Using questionnaires, interviews and tasks with native speakers of English and Japanese, I conduct experimental investigations to examine the speakers' associations in relation to basic shapes and the degree of iconicity in metaphorical extensions. This study suggests that concepts, although probably stored in the mental space, are recreated every time they occur. Concept formation through iconic metaphorical extensions must be dynamic because it is based on 'extensions' of existing concepts, and must be universal to all speakers because metaphorical extensions are among the most basic mental activities of human beings. I propose dynamic and universal models which represent the way in which a speaker forms concepts, connecting a linguistic form and a mental picture and controlling iconic metaphorical extensions. These models contribute to understanding both similarities and differences in use of metaphorical extensions between English and Japanese.
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Komatsu, Hiroko. "Prototypes and Metaphorical Extensions: The Japanese Numeral Classifiers hiki and hatsu." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19648.
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This study concerns the meaning of Japanese numeral classifiers (NCs) and, particularly, the elements which guide us to understand the metaphorical meanings they can convey. In the typological literature, as well as in studies of Japanese, the focus is almost entirely on NCs that refer to entities. NCs are generally characterised as being matched with a noun primarily based on semantic criteria such as the animacy, the physical characteristics, or the function of the referent concerned. However, in some languages, including Japanese, nouns allow a number of alternative NCs, so that it is considered that NCs are not automatically matched with a noun but rather with the referent that the noun refers to in the particular context in which it occurs. This study examines data from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, and focuses on two NCs as case studies: hiki, an entity NC, typically used to classify small, animate beings, and hatsu, an NC that is used to classify both entities and events that are typically explosive in nature. The study employs the framework of Prototype Theory, along with the theory of conceptual metaphor, and the theory of metonymy. The analysis of the data identified a number of semantic components for each of the target NCs; by drawing on these components, the speaker can subjectively add those meanings to modify the meaning of the referring noun or verb. Furthermore, the study revealed that the choice of NCs can be influenced by two factors. First, the choice of NC sometimes relates to the linguistic context in which the referring noun or verb occurs. For example, if a noun is used metaphorically, the NC is chosen to reinforce that metaphor, rather than to match with the actual referent. Second, the meaning of an NC itself can be used as a vehicle of metaphor to contribute meaning to that of the referring noun or verb concerned. Through the analysis, is has been identified that the range of referents of a single NC beyond cases in which objectively observable characteristics are evident occurs in two dimensions: (1) in terms of the typicality of referents and (2) across categories of referents (entities and events). Based on the findings, the study claims that, in both cases, non-literal factors account for extension in the range of referents of an NC in Japanese. Specifically, the non-literal devices of metaphor and metonymy appear to play a role in connecting an NC and its referent in the context in which extension of the use of that NC occurs.
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Fukada, Chie. "The Cognitive Basis of Semantic Extension in Natural Language - With Special Reference to Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy in English." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149866.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第9658号<br>人博第142号<br>13||127(吉田南総合図書館)<br>新制||人||35(附属図書館)<br>UT51-2002-G416<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科人間・環境学専攻<br>(主査)教授 山梨 正明, 助教授 三谷 惠子, 助教授 北山 忍<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Rydblom, Oskar. "Onomatopoeic phrasal verbs : A corpus study of their meanings and usage in American English." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6360.
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<p>This study examines how the meanings of onomatopoeic phrasal verbs are created and in which register these verbs are most frequently used. Through the study of previous research on the subject qualities of onomatopoeia and phrasal verbs are identified. Based on this a framework for identifying phrasal verbs and categorizing the meanings of onomatopoeic verbs and particles was created. Using the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), a study of concordance lines and frequency in different registers was carried out on 50 onomatopoeic phrasal verbs. These verbs were constructed from ten mono-syllabic onomatopoeic verbs and three opposite pairs of spatial adverbs. The study found that several metaphorical meanings of the onomatopoeic verbs examined were not listed in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The meanings of the particles were strongly linked to metaphorical structures.The conclusion of this study was that onomatopoeic verbs possess a flexibility that allows them to create a variety of different meanings. Furthermore, the types of meaning can be categorized after a pattern, although this pattern is often not found in the dictionary. The onomatopoeic phrasal verbs studied were most frequent in the fiction register, more so than other phrasal verbs. Understanding of the metaphorical nature of particles such as up and down is imperative to understand how the meaning of a phrasal verb is created. This should be taken into consideration when teaching English as a second language or creating a dictionary.</p>
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Ricketts, Aidan. "Stretching the metaphor : the political rights of the corporate 'person' : a critique of the extension of political rights to business corporations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
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Johansson, Falck Marlene. "Technology, Language and Thought : Extensions of Meaning in the English Lexicon." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Univ. of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2005/31/.
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Norlin, Susanne. "Functional shift and semantic change in Lord of the Rings Online." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-21654.
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The purpose of this essay is to identify functional shifts and semantic changes in the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Lord of the Rings Online. The focus is on new uses of established terms in Standard English and the intent is to see how the word formation processes work in an online gaming environment, and identify the possible reasons behind them. Due to the lack of previous studies of language in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games, the aim is to provide some insight into some of the language developments that occur in such an environment. A quantitative method has been utilised in order to distinguish patterns, and the material, in the form of chat logs, has been gathered from Lord of the Rings Online. The chat logs have then been used to create a corpus, and, from this point, a qualitative method has been employed. The corpus has been thoroughly analysed for the words which have undergone functional shifts and/or semantic changes, and a selection of these words are presented and discussed based on word formation process. The findings in this study seem to confirm that language changes in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game follow the same patterns as in other environments.
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Chun-ting, Yang, and 楊純婷. "Synaesthetic Words in Mandarin: Perceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Extension." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60695042268586300371.
Full textBooks on the topic "Metaphoric extension"
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Bisschops, Ralph. Metaphor in Religious Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0012.
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Interpreting sacred notions of the Hebrew Bible in a figurative sense was part of the hermeneutical manoeuvres of Early Christian writers. They proceeded by deliteralisation and metaphorisation. Paul’s notion of the ‘circumcision of the heart’, which is intimately linked to that of the ‘inner Jew’, was an attempt to internalise Jewish law-abidingness whilst abolishing its initial dignity. The chapter develops a two-phase model behind Paul’s metaphorisations. First the initial values (Jewishness and ritual circumcision) are projected onto a newly created target, namely inwardness. Subsequently, the original value is abolished. This process can be termed a value-shift, in contradistinction to similar instances which should be seen as value-extensions the source value being preserved and merely extended. . Corollaries of value-shift and value-extension are duty-shift and duty-extension. From a socio-religious perspective, metaphorisation goes along with a widening of the religious community. In the last resort, however, it reveals itself to be a moment in the genesis of new theological and even philosophical concepts such as inwardness as the locus of redemption.
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Barcelona, Antonio. Metaphor and Metonymy in Language and Art. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0014.
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Interpreting sacred notions of the Hebrew Bible in a non-literal sense was part of the hermeneutical manoeuvres of Early Christian writers. They proceeded by deliteralization and metaphorization, meta-linguistic speech acts by which a word usually understood in its literal sense receives a non-literal meaning. The author develops a two-phase model of Paul’s notion of the ‘circumcision of the heart.’ First the initial values (Jewishness and ritual circumcision) are projected upon a newly created target, inwardness. Then the original value is abolished. This process can be termed a value-shift, versus similar instances which should be seen as value-extensions, the source value being preserved and extended to other realms. Corollaries of value-shift and value-extension are duty-shift and duty-extension. From a socio-religious perspective, metaphorization accompanies a widening of the religious community; it reveals itself to be a moment in the genesis of new philosophical concepts, such as inwardness as the locus of redemption.
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Maguire, Laurie. The Rhetoric of the Page. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862109.001.0001.
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This book explores blank space in early modern printed books; it addresses physical blank space (from missing words to vacant pages) as well as the concept of the blank. It is a book about typographical marks, readerly response, and editorial treatment. It is a story of the journey from incunabula to Google books, told through the signifiers of blank space: empty brackets, dashes, the et cetera, the asterisk. It is about the semiotics of print and about the social anthropology of reading. The book explores blank space as an extension of Elizabethan rhetoric with readers learning to interpret the mise-en-page as part of a text’s persuasive tactics. It looks at blanks as creators of both anxiety and of opportunity, showing how readers respond to what is not there and how writers come to anticipate that response. Each chapter focuses on one typographical form of what is not there on the page: physical gaps (Chapter 1), the &c (Chapter 2) and the asterisk (Chapter 3). The Epilogue uncovers the rich metaphoric life of these textual phenomena and the ways in which Elizabethan printers experimented with typographical features as they considered how to turn plays into print.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. “This Quarter of the Globe”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879808.003.0006.
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Europeans of the classical epoch began to think of their “quarter of the globe” as “an extensive social commonwealth” (Friedrich von Gentz). The Westphalian settlement of 1648 supported this sensibility and its realization in the balance of power among Europe’s most important ruling houses. The metaphor of a balance creates the impression that the “powers” have some property called power, that each power’s power can be placed on the scales, that the scales will balance if the powers’ power is more or less the same, and that powers’ power should therefore be equalized—through war and by treaty—to maintain the stability of Europe. The metaphor of the balance relies on Newton’s concept of mass, derived from the Latin massa (lump of dough). Metaphorical weight equals state power or strength. This simple idea, so difficult to operationalize, is a lasting legacy of the classical epoch.
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Fraser, Rhone, and Natalie King-Pedroso, eds. Critical Responses About the Black Family in Toni Morrison's God Help the Child. Lexington Books, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666990638.
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Critical Responses About the Black Family in Toni Morrison's God Help the Child explores the integral role of what Kobi Kambon has called the “conscious African family” in developing commercial success stories such as those of Morrison’s protagonist, Bride. Initially, Bride’s accomplishments are an extension of a superficial “cult of celebrity” which inhabits and undermines the development of meaningful interpersonal relationships until a significant literal and metaphorical journey helps her redefine success by facilitating the building of community and family.
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Walden, Joshua S. “The Beat Beat Beat of the Tom-Tom”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040092.003.0010.
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This chapter explores the extensive range of musical references in Porter's songs to view the meanings that emerge out of this eclecticism, with particular focus on “Begin the Beguine” and its history of varied interpretations in sound recording and cinema. Throughout Porter's works, the exotic, something one dreams of from home and experiences only on a rare voyage abroad, is a metaphor for the true love that is passionately desired but ultimately elusive. This metaphor appears to reflect an ambivalence that likely characterized Porter's own experience as a gay man in a heterosexual marriage in early and mid-twentieth-century America.
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Villadsen, Kaspar. Foucault's Technologies. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819400.001.0001.
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Abstract Michel Foucault is rarely viewed as a philosopher of technology, yet academics and students routinely refer to his terms ‘technologies of power’, ‘governmental technologies’, and ‘technologies of the self’. This book is a response to the contradiction between the paucity of research into Foucault’s technological thought and the abundance of technological vocabulary and metaphors in his own writings as well as in the commentary literature. It aims to provide the most extensive examination so far of the role of technology in Foucault’s work. The book argues that technology serves neither as the object of Foucault’s analysis nor as a convenient metaphor for making arguments, but rather as integral to his thinking and writing. As the book’s title Foucault’s Technologies indicates, it explores not Foucault and modern technology, defined as technical devices like television, smartphones, or industrial machines, but rather Foucault’s approach to the theme of technology and his use of technological terms. The book proceeds through Foucault’s thought, reconstructing his mature concept of technology, the dispositif. The reader also travels a route paved with discussions of how Foucault’s work intersects with that of other key thinkers, particularly Heidegger, Althusser, Nietzsche, and Deleuze. While presenting efforts in intellectual history, the book ultimately focuses on the analytical implications for ‘users’, showing how researchers can benefit from Foucault’s technological approach. As such, the book offers an analytical framework effective for the study of problems in present-day welfare states and the emergent world of data-capitalism.
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Nathanson, Mitchell. The Sovereign Nation of Baseball. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036804.003.0002.
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This chapter talks about how baseball “magnates” relished every opportunity afforded them to demonstrate the superiority of their game and, as a natural extension, themselves. As they were to discover, once they finally established their game as a metaphor of America, there was seemingly no end to the institutions looking to catch on to them, much as they once tugged on the coattails of the WASP elites. All manner of establishments were eager to defer to baseball, to revel in the overt patriotism of the game as a way of either defining themselves or proving their nationalistic spirit. Throughout the twentieth century, among the game's ardent cheerleaders were the federal judiciary and legislature, which, either through fear or admiration, repeatedly refused to challenge the superiority of baseball, much as they cowered from other powerful institutions.
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Darrigol, Olivier. Models, structure, and generality in Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.12.
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This article examines the gradual development of James Clerk Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, arguing that he aimed at general structures through his models, illustrations, formal analogies, and scientific metaphors. It also considers a few texts in which Maxwell expounds his conception of physical theories and their relation to mathematics. Following a discussion of Maxwell’s extension of an analogy invented by William Thomson in 1842, the article analyzes Maxwell’s geometrical expression of Michael Faraday’s notion of lines of force. It then revisits Maxwell’s honeycomb model that he used to obtain his system of equations and the concomitant unification of electricity, magnetism, and optics. It also explores Maxwell’s view about the Lagrangian form of the fundamental equations of a physical theory. It shows that Maxwell was guided by general structural requirements that were inspired by partial and temporary models; these requirements were systematically detailed in Maxwell’s 1873 Treatise on electricity and magnetism.
Book chapters on the topic "Metaphoric extension"
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Littlemore, Jeannette. "10. The relationship between associative thinking, analogical reasoning, image formation and metaphoric extension strategies." In Confronting Metaphor in Use. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.173.14lit.
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Brits, Baylee. "Brain Trees." In Covert Plants. punctum books, 2018. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0207.1.09.
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Our understanding of the brain is bound up with our images of plants. One of the dominant metaphors for the way the brain works is the tree. If we reduce a tree to its most basic carica-ture — the sphere on the top of the trunk — we have an echo not only of the brain and the brain stem, but of the neuron and its branching dendrites and extensive axon as well. In addition to this broad structure of stem and efflorescence, this visual meta-phor capitalises on the bloom of synaptic connections, redolent of the thinning and multiplying of twigs from branches. These metaphors of the brain become all the more significant given re-cent developments in the inverse field, as new work in plant sci-ence is changing the way we think about vegetation and thought. Studies of plant behaviour now suggest that plants engage in processes of what we might call thinking and learning, even if this thought does not exactly resemble the sort of conscious ra-tionality that vastly overdetermines our ideas about what the hu-man brain primarily does. While the brain is often envisaged as a tree, this metaphoric exchange has only ever gone one way: it re-mains anathema to associate plants with brains in anything more than an illustrative sense. Although the neurological armoury of images seems to be phytological — and phytology is now deploy-ing the concepts once unique to brain science — any exchange between the two is often rendered trivial, as if images and names existed in the realm of conceptual small change. Here I consider the way that current key popular texts in neurology deploy the metaphor of the plant, in particular the tree, and explore the ways that this metaphor works to both stabilise and ‘extinguish’ its object. I consider the way that the ‘tree’ is simultaneously a material and immaterial metaphor, an embodiment of both neu-ral object and function. This curious mode of metaphor, which I will associate with Paul de Man’s definition of ‘formal allegory,’ actually models the cognitive processes that it seeks to describe.
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Schmidt, Thomas. "Another Extension of the Stylesheet Metaphor." In Linguistic Modeling of Information and Markup Languages. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3331-4_2.
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Vernillo, Paola. "Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action." In Language, Cognition, and Mind. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_8.
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AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g., premere and spingere; Eng., to press and to push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e., premere, spingere, tirare, and trascinare; Eng., to press, to push, to pull, and to drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
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Atintono, Samuel Awinkene. "The semantics and metaphorical extensions of temperature terms in Gurenɛ." In Typological Studies in Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.107.03ati.
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Jaggar, Philip J., and Malami Buba. "Metaphorical extensions of 'eat' --> [OVERCOME] and 'drink' --> [UNDERGO] in Hausa." In Typological Studies in Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.84.11jag.
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Pinion, F. B. "The Extension of Metaphor to Scene and Action, Chiefly in Lawrence’s Early Novels." In The Spirit of D. H. Lawrence. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06510-3_3.
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Piegzik, Wioletta A., and Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik. "Chapter 8: The French preposition sur and its metaphorical extensions – a study based on perception of information." In Fields of Linguistics – Aktuelle Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen. V&R unipress, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737018456.197.
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Mellado Blanco, Carmen. "Chapter 5. From idioms to semi-schematic constructions and vice versa." In Constructional Approaches to Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cal.34.05mel.
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Taking as a starting point the spatial construction [SUB Vestar a un X{unit_of_measurement} de-PP{place_a}]: ‘the distance to PLACE A is exactly X{unit_of_measurement}’ and its metaphorical extensions within the so-called family of proximity constructions, the present corpus-based study aims to demonstrate the continuum between partially lexically fixed and fully lexically specified constructions (idioms) by highlighting the interaction between units of both kinds on the basis of horizontal and vertical links. Another important aim of this research is to explain the relationship between the spatial, temporal, modal-conditional and epistemic modality meanings observed in the proximity constructions. In contrast to the traditional phraseological theory, Construction Grammar represents an ideal framework for explaining the creative potential of idioms and for describing the different degrees of schematicity and entrenchment of constructions along the lexicon-grammar continuum.
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Ross, William A. "Cognitive Linguistic Theory and the Biblical Languages." In Semitic Languages and Cultures. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0358.03.
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This chapter introduces Cognitive Linguistic theory with special at-tention to its application to the study of the ancient languages of the Bible. Beginning with a brief survey of the historical background and origins of Cognitive Linguistics, this chapter then identifies four key theoretical commitments that unify an otherwise diverse ap-proach. Subsequently, this chapter identifies six major concepts within Cognitive Linguistics—image schemas, frame semantics, domains and conceptual metaphor, mental spaces and conceptual blending, prototypes and semantic extension, and cognitive ap-proaches to grammar—explaining them in some detail and demon-strating their application to biblical texts in either Greek or Hebrew. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the use of Cognitive Lin-guistics within biblical studies over the past few decades, highlight-ing recent applications and identifying potential for future research. Key words: Cognitive Linguistics; Greek; Hebrew; Biblical Lan-guages; Biblical Studies
Conference papers on the topic "Metaphoric extension"
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Ferretti, Francesca. "THE PATIENT AS CONSUMER? A LEGAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE RIGHT TO HEALTH AND MARKET REGULATION." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs02/19.
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The valorisation of a healthcare model centred on the active role of the patient has allowed its assimilation, from a legal perspective, to the figure of the consumer, characterised by ontological vulnerability and information asymmetry. This analogy is convincing in the hypothesis of the patient-direct user of medical devices, while it is more problematic in the presence of a therapeutic relationship between the patient and the healthcare provider, in particular medical facility. The assessment of compatibility between consumer and care relationship is conducted through the analysis of the European legislation on the notion of consumer (Dir. 93/13/EEC), and of the case law of the CJEU, which is reluctant to undue extensions of protection (cf. C-177/22), albeit with variable geometry. The study of case law about product liability (Dir. 85/374/EEC; Proposal 2022/495), shows the application of the discipline to damages suffered by any injured party, even without the status of consumer. This paper critiques the consumer metaphor, a view shared by American doctrine (Gusmano et al., 2019), not only for reasons of economic policy (e.g., inapplicability of the rule of supply and demand to the healthcare market), but also due to the distinct nature of the interests involved: commercial in the consumer relationship and existential in the care relationship, which seeks to protect the fundamental right to health (Art. 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU).
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Ellison, T. Mark, and Uta Reinohl. "Metaphorical Extension and the Evolution of Configurationality." In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.022.
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Hurtienne, Jörn, and Johann Habakuk Israel. "Image schemas and their metaphorical extensions." In the 1st international conference. ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1226969.1226996.
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Ma, Weicheng, Ruibo Liu, Lili Wang, and Soroush Vosoughi. "Improvements and Extensions on Metaphor Detection." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Understanding Implicit and Underspecified Language. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.unimplicit-1.5.
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Zakharova, A. A., Alexander Evgenyevich Bondarev, D. A. Korostelyov, and A. G. Podvesovskii. "Constructing of Three-dimensional Visual Maps of Generalized Computational Experiment." In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-362-371.
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This paper continues the series of publications of the authors' research materials in the field of developing an approach to dynamic planning and control of a generalized computational experiment based on the application of visualization and visual analytics methods. A generalized computational experiment implies a multiple solution of the numerical simulation problem for different sets of values of defining model parameters, and such an approach allows for obtaining a solution at once for a certain class of problems of mathematical modeling given in a multidimensional space of defining parameters. The paper considers an extension of the existing author's approach to the construction of visual maps of the generalized computational experiment, based on the application of visualization metaphors that can display not only individual images, but also their relationships. A method for constructing visual maps of a generalized computational experiment is proposed, which is focused on visualizing relationships between single computational experiments in threedimensional space. The method is based on the mechanism of formalization of relations between single computational experiments, as well as on the notion of a graph model visualization metaphor, which defines a prototype of a visual map. A description of the software system for the construction and analysis of three-dimensional visual maps of a generalized computational experiment is given, and examples of its application in assessing the accuracy of numerical models of the OpenFOAM software platform for the three-dimensional problem of inviscid flow around a cone are considered.
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Perez-Maldonado, Edgardo. "Meta-tectonics - About the Extension of the Metaphor of Skin(s) in Architecture." In 2012 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cw.2012.58.
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Ouyang, Xiaofang. "An Exploration on the Modes of Word Meaning Extension Based on Metaphorical and Metonymic Mechanisms." In 2011 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2011.20.
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Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "Metaphors of Turtle Dove Physical Characteristics in a Javanese Community: A Preliminary Study." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.2-1.
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The Turtle dove (Javanese: perkutut) is one of most popular pets of the Javanese people. Here, they aim to have high quality turtle doves, either in the way that it chirps or in the luck that it may bring. The selection process is quite complex and extensive, one method of which is to carefully observe the physical characteristics of the bird. Accordingly, the community of turtle dove fans and experts has become enriched with a variety of turtle dove registers (words, phrases, idioms, etc.), many of which are metaphorical. This paper intends to study the metaphorical expressions used by the Javanese to compare the body characteristics of turtle doves with various natural and mythical realities surrounding the doves. The study will focus on how Javanese people associate the shapes of turtle dove body parts (the target domain) and natural objects used as a comparison (the source domain) for yielding metaphorical names of the turtle dove, either for obtaining a high quality sound or magical powers that the animal can bring to its owner.
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Xiu, Yixin, and Zhifan Ji. "From Stagnation to Depression − A Conceptual Analysis of Yiyu." In XII Congress of the ICLA. Georgian Comparative Literature Association, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62119/icla.3.8939.
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This paper explores the socio-cultural construction and evolution of depression in the Chinese cultural and historical context, particularly focusing on the term yiyu (抑鬱). Yiyu, now often synonymous with clinical depression in modern psychiatry, has a rich historical background rooted in traditional Chinese culture and medicine. Our analysis follows its expansion from an experiential term denoting “stagnation” or “being stuck”, to a medical concept addressing emotional illness. We discuss how this change was not merely the importation of Western knowledge about depression, but also involved decontextualizing, transporting, and re-contextualizing of modern psychological concepts within a Chinese cultural and historical framework. We underline the term's metaphoric depth and its extensive use in different contexts, contributing to the pathologization of emotions in the Chinese lexicon. This rich cultural history creates an overlap between the local understanding of yiyu and modern psychiatric depression, facilitating the acceptance of the later term. However, the transmission of the concept and its knowledge was not seeking transparent equivalence between cross-cultural realities. The paper, thus, points out the noticeable gap in understanding yiyu across different paradigms and calls for attention to the nuances of cultural and medical history when contextualizing mental health concepts.
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Redkin, V. "THE ROMANTIC BASIS IN THE POEM “SONG ABOUT THE DEATH OF THE COSSACK ARMY” BY P. VASILIEV." In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3706.rus_lit_20-21/118-122.
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The author examines one of the most striking works of P. Vasiliev - the poem “The Song about the death of the Cossack army” (1928-1932), which widely demonstrates the possibilities of a romantic poem. P. Vasiliev is undoubtedly a representative of the recreating type of creativity. At the same time, the romantic nature of the work is manifested not only in the characteristic poetics: bright unusual images, saturation of the text with metaphors and symbols, fragmentary composition, rhythmic diversity, shifts of stressed syllables and stylization of folk verse, but also in the vivid personal characteristics of the characters, their confrontation with cruel reality. They are passionate natures capable of deep love and hatred, nobility and cruelty. The poet develops the Blok tradition by referring to the symbol, making extensive use of complex chains of associations. Vasiliev also uses the artistic experience of the revolutionary romantic poem of the 20s.
Reports on the topic "Metaphoric extension"
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Bergmann, Dennis. Metaphoric extension as a basis for vocabulary teaching in English as a second language. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6091.
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