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Sundqvist, Jenny. "In other words : Metaphorical concepts in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77558.
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Awareness of metaphors brings awareness to how language is structured in a text. This study, based on Lakoff & Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors, will discuss the different types of metaphorical concepts found in the source text and target text during the translation of two articles by the author Mohsin Hamid. The quantitative part of the study will present different types of metaphors and how they translate into Swedish. The qualitative part will focus on how the author uses, and constructs his own, structural metaphors as a rhetorical device. Newmark and Schäffner’s translation strategies for metaphors will be considered and applied in combination with two translation theories: Nord’s theory of text functions alongside Venuti’s foreignisation theory. The findings will suggest that an increased awareness of metaphorical concepts can be beneficial for translators and assist them in understanding how the author of the source text has structured the language and thought content in the text.
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Teranishi, Takahiro. "Concept formation through iconicity basic shapes and their related metaphorical extensions in English and Japanese /." University of Sydney. Linguistics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/598.
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Abstract One of the ways for a speaker to make sense of an object or event in the real world is to make use of iconicity between two things. Through iconic metaphorical extensions, the speaker connects the object or event to something else. In this study, I consider how speakers form concepts through iconic metaphorical extensions, examining how they metaphorically extend one concept to another. I suggest that all speakers use the same ways of forming metaphorical extensions and control metaphorical extensions according to their intentions and contexts. Using basic and simple shapes (e.g. 0) and their related metaphorical expressions (e.g. `a circular argument'), I discuss the role of iconicity in metaphorical understanding, the relationship between concept and language, and metaphorical extensions as tools of concept formation. I conduct descriptive investigations using dictionaries and compare related senses for particular basic shapes between English and Japanese, looking at their polysemous networks and historical changes. Using questionnaires, interviews and tasks with native speakers of English and Japanese, I conduct experimental investigations to examine the speakers' associations in relation to basic shapes and the degree of iconicity in metaphorical extensions. This study suggests that concepts, although probably stored in the mental space, are recreated every time they occur. Concept formation through iconic metaphorical extensions must be dynamic because it is based on 'extensions' of existing concepts, and must be universal to all speakers because metaphorical extensions are among the most basic mental activities of human beings. I propose dynamic and universal models which represent the way in which a speaker forms concepts, connecting a linguistic form and a mental picture and controlling iconic metaphorical extensions. These models contribute to understanding both similarities and differences in use of metaphorical extensions between English and Japanese.
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Scheible, Colleen G. "THE USE OF SPATIAL, TEMPORAL, AND METAPHORICAL TERMS BY CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556746121099907.
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Al-Harrasi, A. N. K. "Metaphor in (Arabic-into-English)translation with specific reference to metaphorical concepts and expressions in political discourse." Thesis, Aston University, 2001. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14839/.
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Cognitive linguistics scholars argue that metaphor is fundamentally a conceptual process of mapping one domain of experience onto another domain. The study of metaphor in the context of Translation Studies has not, unfortunately, kept pace with the discoveries about the nature and role of metaphor in the cognitive sciences. This study aims primarily to fill part of this gap of knowledge. Specifically, the thesis is an attempt to explore some implications of the conceptual theory of metaphor for translation. Because the study of metaphor in translation is also based on views about the nature of translation, the thesis first presents a general overview of the discipline of Translation Studies, describing the major models of translation. The study (in Chapter Two) then discusses the major traditional theories of metaphor (comparison, substitution and interaction theories) and shows how the ideas of those theories were adopted in specific translation studies of metaphor. After that, the study presents a detailed account of the conceptual theory of metaphor and some hypothetical implications for the study of metaphor in translation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The data and methodology are presented in Chapter Four. A novel classification of conceptual metaphor is presented which distinguishes between different source domains of conceptual metaphors: physical, human-life and intertextual. It is suggested that each source domain places different demands on translators. The major sources of the data for this study are (1) the translations done by the Foreign Broadcasting Information Service (FBIS), which is a translation service of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the United Sates of America, of a number of speeches by the Iraqi president Saddam Hussein during the Gulf Crisis (1990-1991) and (2) official (governmental) Omani translations of National Day speeches of Sultan Qaboos bin Said of Oman.
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Opfermann, Maja. "Faszination und Gewohnheit - Metaphern des Computerumgangs junger Männer." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-70352.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit hat ihre entstehungsgeschichtlichen Wurzeln in der öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion über die Risiken und Potentiale der Computernutzung. Hinzu kam neben der persönlichen Aufmerksamkeit für die metaphorische Zusammensetzung von Sprache auch die besondere Stellung dieser im Bezug auf die Computernutzung. Aus verschiedenen Perspektiven wurden diese Phänomene näher betrachtet. Dabei stehen neben der öffentlichen Diskussion und der fachlichen Auseinandersetzung nach einem forschungsmethodischen Einschub schließlich die männlichen Nutzer zwischen dem 20. und 30. Lebensjahr und ihre metaphorischen Konzepte von Computernutzung im Fokus der Auseinandersetzung. Den theoretischen Hintergrund bilden gestalttheoretische Betrachtungen, Studien über Lebenswelt und Alltag und symbolisch-interaktionistische Auffassungen. Ergänzend wurden theoretische Ausführungen zur Indentitäts- und Rollenentwicklung in Verbindung mit Aspekten geschlechtertypischen Verhaltens herangezogen. Das Vorgehen bei der Erhebung des Inteviewmaterials stützt sich auf die Empfehlungen von Witzel und Schorn zum problem- bzw. themenzentrierten Interview. Nach der Transkription wurden die Gespräche metaphernanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Methode basiert auf dem von Lakoff und Johnson geprägten Metaphernbegriff. In Bezug auf den theoretischen Hintergrund konnten Anknüpfungspunkte bzw. Überschneidungen skizziert werden, die eine Kombination sinnvoll erscheinen lassen. In der Interpretation der dargestellten metaphorischen Konzepte konnte gezeigt werden, dass dem Computer weit mehr Bedeutungen zugeschrieben werden als nur die einer mikroelektronischen Maschine, wenngleich deren Eigenschaften als Auslöser für diese Zuschreibungen zu betrachten sind.
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Turner, Carol. "Walking and Wandering among Mountains and Monsters : A study of metaphors and lexical variation in translation in a text about the Lake District." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86094.
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This essay studies the translation of metaphorical concepts and lexical variation in relation to walking in a text about hiking in the Lake District. These two linguistic features are deemed to be important in fulfilling the communicative intention of the source text and the aim of the essay is to investigate to what extent these two linguistic features have been retained translation and what motivates different translation strategies. The qualitative study of metaphors focuses on the metaphorical concept THE LAKE DISTRICT IS A PERSON analyses how often different translation strategies are employed when translating metaphors. The results show that which strategy was preferred depended on whether the metaphor was lexicalised or novel and a qualitative analysis aims to explain these differences in preference. A qualitative study of the lexical variation regarding walking between the two languages found the number of different words used to be fairly similar in both languages. Context was determined to be more important than the exact meaning when translating words related to hiking. At times context therefore also motivated a single word to be translated into several different words in the target text or vice versa.
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Gras, Isabelle. "La métaphore dans les albums de Shaun Tan : concepts, modes d’expression et réception par les enfants." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30043.
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La métaphore visuelle constitue un procédé récurrent dans les albums de Shaun Tan qui l’utilise pour interroger le regard, dans une démarche inspirée par le surréalisme. S’appuyant sur la théorie de la métaphore conceptuelle de Lakoff et Johnson, cette thèse considère la métaphore comme un processus de construction du sens. L’approche systémique fonctionnelle de l’image de Kress et van Leeuwen permet de dégager les liens entre les procédés visuels et le sens, et les métaphores visuelles sont analysées à partir des catégories déterminées par Forceville. L’étude des métaphores de Tan révèle que ce processus de pensée et son expression visuelle permettent à un public allant de l’adulte à l’enfant d’accéder au sens non littéral des albums. Les métaphores contextuelles des USA et de l’Australie dénoncent les choix de la société contemporaine en matière de migration, sous la forme d’une fable dans The Lost Thing ou d’un roman graphique utopique dans The Arrival tandis que les métaphores verbo-picturales de Tales from Outer Suburbia questionnent la relation entre l’homme, l’animal et la nature. The Red Tree et Rules of Summer développent une réflexion sur les émotions et les relations humaines, à travers les métaphores conceptuelles de la dépression, et les représentations des codes sociaux dans les jeux partagés par deux frères. L’étude de Rules of Summer dans une classe de maternelle montre que de jeunes enfants perçoivent l’inadéquation de l’interprétation littérale de nombreux éléments ou de scènes représentés et cherchent à justifier leurs interprétations. Les images de Tan peuvent ainsi être mises à profit pour construire la compétence métaphorique chez l’enfantVisual metaphor represents a recurrent process in Shaun Tan’s picture books as he uses it to question the reader’s gaze, in a way reminiscent of surrealism. Drawing on Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, this thesis considers metaphor as a meaning making process. Kress and van Leeuwen’s systemic functional approach to images accounts for the links between visual processes and meaning, and Forceville’s categories provide a basis to analyze the visual metaphors. The study of Tan’s metaphors reveals that this thinking process and its visual expression make it possible for readers ranging from adults to children to access the non literal meaning of his albums. Contextual metaphors of the USA and Australia denounce contemporary society’s choices regarding migration, through a fable in The Lost Thing or a utopic graphic novel in The Arrival. In Tales from Outer Suburbia, verbo-pictural metaphors question the relationship between men, animals and nature. Emotions and human relationships are evoked and questioned through conceptual metaphors of depression in The Red Tree, and metaphorical representations of social codes through the games shared by two brothers, in Rules of Summer. A study of Rules of Summer in Kindergarten shows that young children perceive the inadequacy of a literal interpretation for many of the represented elements or scenes, and that they try to justify their interpretations. Tan’s images can thus successfully contribute to developing the metaphorical competence of children
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Savina, Elena. "Vocabulaire juridique en tant que ressource stylistique dans la prose de Georges Simenon." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040051.
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La thèse porte sur l’étude de l’emploi stylistique du lexique juridique français dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Il existe un nombre considérable d’ouvrages consacrés à la terminologie juridique, aux concepts de loi et de crime, au comportement discursif des avocats, à l’analyse linguistique des textes de lois, aux problèmes de la traduction du lexique juridique, à l’interférence linguistique, à l’étude des particularités pragmatiques, structurelles et sémantiques des textes des traités, et ainsi de suite. Dans notre thèse, le lexique juridique est étudié du point de vue de la stylistique, ce qui constitue sa nouveauté théorique aussi bien que pratique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons certains termes d’appartenance juridique exclusive selon le classement de Gérard Cornu et nous montrons qu’une sixième partie d’entre eux sont susceptibles, au moins potentiellement, d’acquérir des sens figurés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions 53 termes juridiques utilisés par Georges Simenon au sens figuré décrivant de différentes situations de la vie courante, qui, dans la plupart des cas, ne sont pas liées au droit. Dans le troisième chapitre nous analysons, du point de vue opposé, les figures stylistiques employées pour caractériser de différentes situations juridiques présentes dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Ainsi, même si ces figures stylistiques sont relativement peu nombreuses, les recherches effectuées montrent que Georges Simenon, malgré son intention affichée, n’est pas parvenu à éliminer complètement les figures stylistiques, un des éléments constitutifs essentiels du langage poétiqueOur thesis concerns studies of the stylistic use of the French legal vocabulary in Georges Simenon’s prose. In fact, legal terminology, concepts of law and crime, discursive behavior of lawyers, texts of laws, problems of legal translation, those of linguistic interference, those of pragmatic, structural and semantic peculiarities of the language of international agreements, for instance, were examined by different linguists. So, contemporary linguistics are interested in studying legal terminology from different points of view. On the other hand, during the last decades, linguostylistic studies are also developing very quickly. In our thesis, legal terminology is studied from the point of view of stylistics, and this approach constitutes its’ theoretical and practical novelty. In the first chapter we examine some terms belonging exclusively to legal terminology, in accordance with Gerard Cornu’s classification, and we show that in reality approximately one sixth part of them can acquire, at least potentially, some figural meanings. In the second chapter, we study 53 legal terms used by Georges Simenon in their figural meaning to describe different situations from everyday life which, in the most of cases, are not associated with legal situations. In the third chapter we analyze, from the opposite point of view, stylistic figures used to characterize different legal situations presented in Georges Simenon’s prose. To summarize, even if these figures are relatively small in number, our thesis shows that the writer, in spite of his artistic intention, was not able to eliminate them completely and that they remain one of the most important elements of the poetical language
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Malmqvist, Anita. "Sparsamkeit und Geiz, Grosszügigkeit und Verschwendung : ethische Konzepte im Spiegel der Sprache." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Moderna språk, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61584.
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The object of this study is to analyse the lexemes and phraseological units that constitute the semantic fields employed in naming four abstract domains, greed, thrift, generosity, and extravagance that make up the ethical concept <Attitude to Ownership> in German. On the assumption that ideas are accessible to us through the lexicalised items of a language, recent theories in the field of semantic analysis and conceptualisation were applied to the source material. In each domain key words were identified and their definitions in modern and historical dictionaries were analysed. Various dimensions of meaning, which proved to be inherent in the lexical items, emerged from this analysis. The oppositions a/o (action directed to others vs. to oneself), right/wrong (virtues vs. vices) and too much/ too little vs. the ideal mean were established as central. To achieve a more precise description of meaning tentative explications of cognitive levels were proposed. By means of these the underlying ideas, as they were reflected in the lexical units, could be described. The analysis showed greater variation and expressivity in words, idioms, and proverbs referring to the two vices compared to the virtues. Furthermore, a diachronic study produced evidence of semantic and conceptual changes. On the basis of such observations conclusions could be drawn about changes in the ethical system. The data derived from a contrastive corpus analysis of the German and Swedish key words showed numerous similarities as well as some conspicuous differences in the conceptualisation and valuation of attitudes pertaining to the four abstract domains. Moreover, the key words denoting the two virtues showed a clear domination in frequency, indicating that these are more central conceptual categories in today's society than the vices. An ongoing shift in meaning could be established for the key words naming the latter. Applying modern theories of metaphor and metonymy the experiential basis of meaning and thought was explored, showing that the structures forming the ethical concepts studied in this work are grounded in experiences of a physical and socio- cultural nature. The metaphorical concept ILLNESS emerged as a common source domain for the two vices, while the PATH- concept was shown to form the basis of metaphors expressing the o-virtue but not the a-virtue. Among the numerous métonymie concepts HAND proved to be a characteristic of all four domains.digitalisering@umu
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Norell, Rebecca. ""... men allra viktigast är det att vara metaforisk." : En analys av metaforer i rättstillämpningen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för retorik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326112.
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Brown, Jennifer R. "Monsters, of whom I am chief a metaphoric and generic criticism of Jars of Clay's concept video, Good Monsters /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Mendes, Liliam de Oliveira. "A leitura de metáforas como evento social: a construção de sentidos em crônica de Arnaldo Jabor." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14480.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-31This work, which takes part of Portuguese Language area, is an empirical research about metaphors reading found in a journalistic chronicle, and has as main purpose to verify what kinds of relations are established between the metaphor and readers expression in the comprehension process. It presents the reading - made by teachers during a reading event - of an Arnaldo Jabor s chronicle, which pressuposts were the indetermination of feelings and reading as a social co-construction process at interactionism. Therefore, the use of verbal protocol in group was detached at data collection. The study focused itself of which kinds of relations are established between the metaphors found in the chronicle and the readers voices trying to make sense. The readers that take part of this research are teachers that work at high school of a public school in the state of São Paulo. The empirical material was collected and analyzed in an ethnographic projection. The results shown that the metaphors reading were constructed into the interaction process with basis in relations established in knowledge acquired previously by readers, through the experience with other sources of knowledge structured in language. Thus, this study presented, by means of co-construction transacted in text meanings, the reading as an active process in which the communicative competence is used for the participants of this research, at the text comprehension
Este trabalho é uma pesquisa empírica sobre a leitura de metáforas contidas em uma crônica jornalística, objetivando verificar quais tipos de relações se estabelecem entre a metáfora e as manifestações dos leitores no processo de interpretação. Esta investigação insere-se na área de Língua Portuguesa. Apresenta a leitura de uma crônica de Arnaldo Jabor, realizada por professores, durante um evento de leitura, tendo por pressupostos a indeterminação dos sentidos e a leitura como um processo de co-construção social no enfoque interacionista. Destaca-se assim, na coleta de dados, o uso do protocolo verbal em grupo. O estudo centrou-se nos tipos de relações que se estabelecem entre as metáforas contidas na crônica e as vozes dos leitores tentando fazer sentido. Os leitores que participaram da pesquisa são professores do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. O material empírico foi coletado e analisado em uma perspectiva etnográfica. Os resultados mostraram que a leitura de metáforas construiu-se no processo de interação com base em relações estabelecidas nos conhecimentos adquiridos anteriormente pelos leitores, por meio da experiência com outras fontes de conhecimento previamente estruturado pela linguagem. Portanto, esta pesquisa apresentou, por meio da co-construção negociada dos sentidos do texto, a leitura como um processo ativo em que a competência comunicativa é utilizada, pelos participantes da pesquisa, na interpretação do texto
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Soares, Carlos Walter Alves. "Metáforas e significados na composição musical : quando o compositor revisita e ressignifica seus passos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148285.
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Esta tese apresenta elucidações técnicas e interpretações póscomposicionais de quatro peças compostas durante o doutorado: “Io” e “Calisto”, para piano solo, “Ganimedes” e “Europa”, para dois pianos. A composição musical é abordada em três etapas: a) descrição dos aspectos musicais e extramusicais dos primeiros estágios da composição; b) investigação das características sonoras das peças; c) construção de interpretações ficcionais pós-composicionais, imaginando as luas de Júpiter como ímpeto composicional e interpretativo. O terceiro estágio é realizado na perspectiva da teoria contemporânea das metáforas, tal qual proposta por George Lakoff e Mark Johnson e, posteriormente, por Mark Turner e Gilles Falconnier. Através da apresentação das categorias de metáforas, cruzamentos de mapeamento de domínios, esquemas de imagens, princípio de invariância, espaços conceptuais e mesclagem conceptual, se estabelecem, neste trabalho, conexões entre os conceitos metafóricos e a conceptualização metafórica da música. Isso contribui para a aproximação entre as características marcantes das peças e as cenas/ações propostas como primeira etapa das interpretações pós-composicionais, construídas pelo compositor. O trabalho propõe-se a pensar sobre a atribuição de significados da composição musical em uma perspectiva global, em que elementos extramusicais podem expandir a assimilação do fenômeno musical, bem como contribuir para a pedagogia da composição musical e para a produção de trabalhos colaborativos.This thesis presents technical elucidations and post-compositional interpretations of four pieces composed during my doctorate degree: "Io" and "Calisto", for solo piano, "Ganimedes" and "Europa" for two pianos. The music composition is approached in three steps: a) description of the musical and extra musical aspects of the first stages of the composition; b) investigation of the sonorous characteristics of the pieces; c) construction of fictional postcompositional interpretations, imagining Jupiter's moons as compositional and interpretative impetus. The third stage is achieved under the perspective of the contemporary theory of metaphor proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, and posteriorly developed by Mark Turner and Gilles Falconnier. Through the introduction of metaphor categories, the cross-domain mapping, the image schema, the invariance principle, the mental spaces and the conceptual blending, some connections are established between the metaphoric concepts and the metaphoric conceptualization of music. This contributes to the approximation between the main characteristics of the pieces and the scenes/actions proposed in the first step of the post-compositional interpretations. This work proposes a reflection about the attribution of meanings on the musical composition in a global perspective, where extra musical elements can expand the assimilation of the musical phenomenon, as well as to contribute to the pedagogy of musical composition and the production of collaborative works.
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Roy, Adam. "Music in Motion: A Metaphoric Mapping of Forces in Piano Concertos by Mozart and Schumann." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33009.
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In this thesis, I demonstrate the dynamic way in which musical processes can be described as metaphors. Using Steve Larson’s three main metaphors (gravity, inertia, and magnetism) as a starting point, I propose additional metaphors (friction, repulsion, momentum, wave, orbit, and oscillation) to analyze the first movements of Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor, K 466 and Schumann’s Piano Concerto in A minor, op. 54. These metaphors provide a means to discuss points of convergence and divergence between the Classical style and the early-Romantic style. Additionally, most theorists of the energeticist tradition only discuss motion through prose; I introduce a way to represent these metaphors as musical examples. By focusing on the listener’s experience through musical motion, the model proposed in this thesis is useful, not only for the theorist, but for all who wish to communicate ideas about music in a dynamic way.
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Krull, Kirsten. "Lieber Gott, mach mich fromm ... : Zum Wort und Konzept “fromm” im Wandel der Zeit." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Institutionen för moderna språk, Umeå univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-286.
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Huang, Yu-Ting, and 黃郁婷. "The "Hand" in Chinese Idioms: A Study of Its Metaphorical Concepts and Pragmatics." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07609580641326368130.
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Hsieh, Shu Fei, and 謝舒妃. "A Metaphorical Analysis of Students'' Concepts of ESP Listening Difficulties and Strategies: A Case Study." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e4a577.
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碩士淡江大學
英文學系碩士班
95
This study investigated students’ ESP listening difficulties and strategies through their metaphorical expressions. Forty-five students in their fifth year in the applied language department from a five-year junior college were enrolled in this study. Metaphors as an instrument were used to examine student concepts of learning English for specific purposes. Students were required to accomplish five writing assignments. The data were collected from August, 2006 to January, 2007 and examined using Levin & Wagner’s (2006) metaphor model to analyze participants’ concepts and to detect their listening difficulties and strategies. The results showed five kinds of metaphors students used to express their thoughts listening to ESP materials: getting lost, torture, nature, game, and SKILL. Students with different metaphor models had different concepts of listening difficulties and used different listening strategies. However, there were still 42.2% of the participants who did not use metaphors to express their thoughts even after writing five Reflective Assignments. This study pointed out the importance of teaching students to understand and use metaphorical expressions. Pedagogical guidelines were provided for ESP teachers.
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Walker, Jeremy R. "Economy of nature: a genealogy of the concepts 'growth' and 'equilibrium' as artefacts of metaphorical exchange between the natural and the social sciences." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/841.
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Presently, the more or less global political consensus is that the primary task of government is to perpetually maximise a quantity called 'economic growth'. Given the decline of 'socialist' models of industrialisation, the economic consensus is that economic growth is best achieved through the deregulation of markets, industry and trade, as free markets are self-regulating institutions that automatically and efficiently optimise growth through their tendency to reach 'equilibrium.' Another word for this consensus might be 'neoliberalism'. This cosy situation, however, is increasingly under challenge from the recent transformation of global warming from a deniable proposition to a clear and present danger. As ecologists and earth scientists have long argued, global warming (an unforeseen side effect of what was called the 'energy crisis' in the 1970s) is just one of many aspects of a generalised global ecological crisis. The biosphere, environmentalists tell us, is radically 'out of balance'. Given this impasse, it appears that the science of social systems (economics) and the science of living systems (ecology) are incommensurable. This incommensurability is the starting point of the thesis, which seeks to provide a genealogy of the concepts of equilibrium and growth as they appear in the claims of both disciplines to represent 'hard' science. Drawing from debates in the philosophy of science, studies in the history of ideas, the anthropology of technology, and political economy, the thesis charts the mutual exchange of metaphors and analogies between the natural and the social sciences, and traces a surprisingly parallel trajectory in the separate histories of economics and ecology. Beginning with early historicist and organicist conceptual frameworks, both sciences embraced 'mechanism' in their bid to attain the mantle of Science. For both sciences, the attainment of this status was associated with the incorporation of the language of energetics and an insistent identification of 'equilibrium' with the central scientific object of inquiry, 'the market' and 'the ecosystem' respectively. What is ironic in these claims is that the acceptance of the machine metaphor effecti vely screened out the study of actual machinery from the pure states of nature called 'the market' or 'the economy.' This history is taken up to the climactic moment of the early 1970s, when, it is argued, the ontological foundations of ecology and economics collided. This is the moment from which the political discourses of neoliberal globalisation and global environmental crisis both date, and since then we see the rise of hybrid discourses that attempt to address and overcome the deep contradictions of disciplinary specialisation. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of this conceptual legacy, and in analysing the interactions of the 'new ecology' and the 'new economy', offers suggestions as to why what appeared in 1971 as a fundamental and obvious contradiction between 'growth' and 'equilibrium', no longer attracts debate.
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Opfermann, Maja. "Faszination und Gewohnheit - Metaphern des Computerumgangs junger Männer." Master's thesis, 2010. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A1231.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit hat ihre entstehungsgeschichtlichen Wurzeln in der öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion über die Risiken und Potentiale der Computernutzung. Hinzu kam neben der persönlichen Aufmerksamkeit für die metaphorische Zusammensetzung von Sprache auch die besondere Stellung dieser im Bezug auf die Computernutzung. Aus verschiedenen Perspektiven wurden diese Phänomene näher betrachtet. Dabei stehen neben der öffentlichen Diskussion und der fachlichen Auseinandersetzung nach einem forschungsmethodischen Einschub schließlich die männlichen Nutzer zwischen dem 20. und 30. Lebensjahr und ihre metaphorischen Konzepte von Computernutzung im Fokus der Auseinandersetzung. Den theoretischen Hintergrund bilden gestalttheoretische Betrachtungen, Studien über Lebenswelt und Alltag und symbolisch-interaktionistische Auffassungen. Ergänzend wurden theoretische Ausführungen zur Indentitäts- und Rollenentwicklung in Verbindung mit Aspekten geschlechtertypischen Verhaltens herangezogen. Das Vorgehen bei der Erhebung des Inteviewmaterials stützt sich auf die Empfehlungen von Witzel und Schorn zum problem- bzw. themenzentrierten Interview. Nach der Transkription wurden die Gespräche metaphernanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Methode basiert auf dem von Lakoff und Johnson geprägten Metaphernbegriff. In Bezug auf den theoretischen Hintergrund konnten Anknüpfungspunkte bzw. Überschneidungen skizziert werden, die eine Kombination sinnvoll erscheinen lassen. In der Interpretation der dargestellten metaphorischen Konzepte konnte gezeigt werden, dass dem Computer weit mehr Bedeutungen zugeschrieben werden als nur die einer mikroelektronischen Maschine, wenngleich deren Eigenschaften als Auslöser für diese Zuschreibungen zu betrachten sind.
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Gardelková, Barbora. "Konceptualizace emocí v českém znakovém jazyce (Na příkladu hněvu)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357805.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on the conceptualisation of emotions in Czech Sign Language with the emphasis on the linguistic conceptualisation of anger. At the beginning the author reveals basic theoretical issues of the cognitive linguistics of spoken and sign linguistics. Afterwards she presents some general facts about metaphor and metonymy in spoken and sign languages - with the main focus on the metaphorical-metonymic conceptualisation of anger - and shows metaphors and metonymies of anger in the English, Polish and Czech language. The core of the thesis consists of the linguistic research of anger in Czech Sign Language. The author identifies basic metaphors and metonymies of the concept of ANGER in Czech Sign Language within the empirically gained linguistic material. The gained data from all four languages are compared and presented in a table at the end of this paper. Key words: cognitive linguistics, emotions, conceptualisation of emotions, the concept of ANGER, Czech Sign Language, metaphor, metonymy, metaphorical mapping, iconic mapping, iconic-metaphorical mapping.