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Pagadigorria, Marta Maria. "Recursos de presença nas crônicas de Millôr Fernandes /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93987.
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Orientador: Antônio Suárez Abreu<br>Resumo: Tem esta dissertação o objetivo de descrever, a partir da Nova Retórica e do modelo cognitivista de projeções de imagens, os recursos de presença em uma amostragem de seis crônicas retiradas do livro Lições de um Ignorante escrito por Millôr Fernandes. Esses recursos são entendidos como procedimentos que procuram dar visibilidade aos argumentos utilizados por orador. Em suas crônicas o autor utiliza uma superposição desses recursos. Entre eles, avultam as definições expressivas a reformulação retórica o detournement (provérbio modificados) projeção de um evento em outro as metáforas e quase sempre enumerações progressivas levando ao non sense. O estrato fônico é também bastante utilizado.<br>Abstract: This dissertation has the aim of describing, from the framework of the New Rhetoric and the cognitive model of the image projection, the resources of presence in sample of six chronicles extrated from the book Lições de um Ignorante, written by Millôr Fernandes, se resourses are understood as procedures that inend to give visibility to the arguments used by an orator. In his chronicles, the author uses a superposition of those resousers. Among them he emphasizes the expressive definitions, the rhetoric reformulations, the detournement (modified proverbs), projection of an event onto other metaphors, and almost always, progressive's enumerations, leading at the non sense. The phonetic level is also widely used.<br>Mestre
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Bozelli, Fernanda Cátia. "Analogias e metáforas no ensino de física : o discurso do professor e o discurso do aluno /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90890.
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Orientador: Roberto Nardi<br>Banca: Eduardo Adolfo Terrazan<br>Banca: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho<br>Resumo: As relações entre linguagem e ensino de ciências têm sido objeto constante de pesquisa nos últimos anos, tendo se constituído numa promissora linha de investigação na área de Educação em Ciências. Dentre essas pesquisas, destacam-se os estudos sobre a utilização das analogias e metáforas enquanto recurso didático mediador entre os procesos de ensino e de aprendizagem. No caso específico da pesquisa em Ensino de Física, muitos dos pesquisadores têm mostrado interesse no levantamento de fenômenos físicos que podem ser comparados através do uso dessas figuras de linguagem. Entretanto, as condições de produção das analogias e/ou metáforas pelo professor ou pelo aluno são ainda pouco estudadas, e a partir desta constatação é que esta pesquisa foi desenhada. Com o intuito de avançar nos estudos nessa linha, procura-se aqui responder a questões do tipo: como as analogias e metáforas são utilizadas nas aulas de física?<br>Abstract: The relation between language and science teaching has been a constant object of research in the last years, becoming a promising research line in Science Education. Among these researches, come up studies on the use of analogies and metaphors as mediator didatic resource between teaching and learning processes. In the specific case of the research in physics teaching, many of the researchers has showed interest in raising physical phenomena that can be compared through the use of these language figues. However, the analogies and/or metaphors production conditions by teachers or students are still little studied and that verification was important for the design of this research. Aiming to improve the studies in that way, we tried here to answer questions like: hos are analogies and metaphors used in physics classes?<br>Mestre
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Moschem, Marcela de Almeida. "Verossimilhança das metáforas roseanas em Sagarana /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93979.
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Orientador: Antônio Suárez Abreu<br>Resumo: Partindo do conceito de metáfora de Lakoff e Johnson (1980), que entende essa figura como a projeção de um domínio de origem em um domínio-alvo, e da teoria de Fauconnier e Turner (2002), vinculada esta última à Teoria dos Espaços Mentais, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os domínios de origem das metáforas de alguns contos de Sagarana. O estudo da metáfora tem condições de revelar o grau de verossimilhança dessa obra, pois, nas metáforas criadas por um personagem, o narrador-personagem, os domínios de origem devem circunscrever-se ao universo do sertão. Quando o narrador é onisciente, em terceira pessoa, esse domínio pode ter um escopo muito maior. Trata-se, pois, de verificar até que ponto a metáfora contribui para a verossimilhança na obra de Guimarães Rosa.<br>Abstract: Departing of the concept of metaphor of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), which understands this figure as the projection of a domain of source in a target domain, and of the theory of Fauconnier and Turner, tied this last at Theory of the Mental Spaces, the objective of work is to describe the domains of source of the metaphors of some short stories of Sagarana. The study of this figure has conditions of disclose the degree of probability of this workmanship, therefore, in the metaphors created for a personage, or narrator-personage, the domains of source must circumscribe the universe of the remote interior. When the narrator is omniscient, in third person, this domain can have a target very major. Treat, therefore, of verifying until which point the metaphor contribute for the probability in the workmanship of Guimarães Rosa.<br>Mestre
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Moschem, Marcela de Almeida. "Riobaldo e Diadorim : um estudo dentro do cenário criado pela metáfora da travessia /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103543.
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Orientador: Antônio Suárez Abreu<br>Banca: Edvanda Bonavina da Rosa<br>Banca: Bento Carlos Dias da Silva<br>Banca: Isadora Valencise Gregolin<br>Banca: Eliana Izabel Scurciato<br>Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de utilizar o modelo da Linguística Cognitiva, es-pecialmente o dos esquemas de imagem e o da integração conceptual, para fazer uma análise dos trechos que tratam da relação entre Riobaldo e Diadorim em Grande Ser-tão: Veredas, de Guimarães Rosa. De acordo com essa teoria, os esquemas de imagem constituem elementos bási-cos para o exercício da linguagem, estruturando, pré-conceitualmente, nossa experiên-cia corpórea de mundo; eles são também utilizados em literatura e, segundo Turner (1996), constituem um excelente recurso para criar efeitos de sentido no texto literário. Dessa forma, constituem objeto de especial interesse projeções metafóricas de travessia estruturadas pelos esquemas de imagem, analisadas nessa obra de Guimarães Rosa, uma vez que a metáfora também é vista pela neurociência atual como um prin-cípio organizador do pensamento e da criatividade humana. Assim, utilizando principalmente os esquemas de PERCURSO e de DINÂMI-CA DE FORÇAS, este trabalho procura demonstrar a eficácia da aplicabilidade desses esquemas como subsídio para o entendimento de aspectos de Grande Sertão: Vere-das, especialmente o acima citado<br>Abstract: This dissertation aims at employing the theory of Cognitive Linguistics, spe-cially the image schema and the conceptual integration frameworks to analyze the ex-cerpts where the relationship between Riobaldo e Diadorim is explored by Guimarães Rosa in Grande Sertão: Veredas. According to this theory, image schemas are the basic elements that underlie language performance, structuring preconceptually our world bodily experience; they are also employed in literature and, according to Mark Turner (1996), constitutes an excellent resource for creating meaning effects in literary texts. Accordingly metaphorical projections of crossing structured by image schemas analyzed in this title by Guimarães Rosa are object of special interest, inasmuch they are seen by present neuroscience as an organizer principle of thought and human crea-tivity. Therefore, by employing SOURCE-PATH-GOAL and FORCE DYNAMICS image schemas, this work seeks to demonstrate the efficacy of the applicability of those schemas as a base for understanding aspects of Grande Sertão: Veredas, par-ticularly the ones reported above<br>Doutor
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Oliveira, Ana Eliza Barbosa de. "A metáfora e a sua representação em sistemas de processamento automático de línguas naturais /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93981.
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Orientador: Bento Carlos Dias da Silva<br>Banca: Antônio Suárez Abreu<br>Banca: Roberta Pires de Oliveira<br>Resumo: Este trabalho tem como proposta (i) o estudo da metáfora per se (em oposição, por exemplo, a um estudo aplicado da metáfora) da perspectiva lingüística, isto é, o estudo da metáfora enquanto uma expressão da linguagem natural e (ii) a investigação de uma representação formal da metáfora para fins de implementação em sistemas de processamento automático de línguas naturais. A metodologia que norteia o desenvolvimento da proposta, que se insere em um contexto interdisciplinar, focaliza dois domínios: o Domínio Lingüístico-Cognitivo, em que se investiga a expressão lingüística e o suporte cognitivo da metáfora, ou seja, a metáfora enquanto um produto resultante de recursos lingüísticos e não- lingüísticos; e o Domínio Lingüístico-Computacional, em que se investiga a representação formal da produção e da interpretação da metáfora para fins computacionais. Como delimitadores dessas investigações, adotam-se os seguintes enfoques: Retórico-Filosófico, Interacionista, Semântico, Pragmático, Cognitivista e Computacional.<br>Abstract: This MS thesis concerns the study of metaphor per se, (as opposed to applied metaphor) from the linguistic point of view, and the investigation of a formal metaphor representation for Natural Language Processing systems. The overall methodology focuses on two domains: a Cognitive- Linguistic Domain, in which we investigate the metaphor linguistic expression and its cognitive import, i.e., metaphor as a linguistic product and as a nonlinguistic mechanism; and a Computational- Linguistic Domain, in which we investigate a formal representation for the metaphor production and interpretation. The theoretical approaches that constrain the scope of this work are: philosophical- rhetoric, interactionist, semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and computational assessment to metaphor.<br>Mestre
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Pinho, Fabio Assis 1977. "Aspectos éticos em representação do conhecimento em temáticas relativas à homossexualidade masculina : uma análise da precisão em linguagens de indexação brasileiras /." Marília : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103379.
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Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães<br>Banca: João Batista Ernesto de Moraes<br>Banca: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon<br>Banca: Juan Carlos Fernández-Molina<br>Banca: Miriam Figueiredo Vieira da Cunha<br>Resumo: Os estudos sobre a ética na Organização e Representação do Conhecimento, especialmente no Tratamento Temático da Informação, têm colaborado para sedimentar os referenciais teóricos e metodológicos da Ciência da Informação, que se justificam pelo pressuposto da inclusão social que, enquanto um metavalor, se situa entre o preconceito social e o proselitismo, formando um cenário onde três universos axiológicos convivem: o do documento ou informação, o do usuário e o do bibliotecário. Por isso, a indexação está ligada a uma dimensão ética porque deve preocupar-se com sua confiabilidade e utilidade em relação a determinadas comunidades discursivas ou domínios específicos. Nesse sentido, propõe-se, por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e documental, com características qualitativas e indutivas, identificar a máxima especificidade terminológica que linguagens de indexação brasileiras permitem para termos relativos à homossexualidade masculina, analisando como corpus investigativo os termos atribuídos aos artigos científicos publicados na Journal of Homosexuality, Sexualities e Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, entre os anos de 2005 a 2009. Do cotejo e análise dos termos e das linguagens de indexação brasileiras verifica-se uma aproximação de significados no contexto brasileiro, imprecisão terminológica, com indícios de preconceitos disseminados através do 'politicamente correto', representação inadequada da temática e a presença de figuras de linguagem<br>Abstract: The studies on ethics in Knowledge Organization and Representation, especially in the Subject Approach to Information, have collaborated to establish the theoretical and methodological aspects of Information Science which are justified by the assumption of social inclusion, as a metavalue, it situated itself between social prejudice and proselytize, creating a situation where three axiological universes coexist: the document or information, the user and the librarian. Therefore, the indexing is linked to an ethical dimension because it must concern itself with its reliability and usefulness in certain discourse communities or specific domains. In this direction, it is proposed through an exploratory and documental research with qualitative and inductive characteristics to identify the maximum specific terminological that Brazilian indexing languages allow for terms relating to male homosexuality, analyzing like investigative corpus the terms assigned to papers published in the Journal of Homosexuality, Sexualities and Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, between the years 2005 to 2009. From confrontation and analysis of terms and the Brazilian indexing languages there is an approximation of meaning in the Brazilian context, imprecision in the terminology, with indications of prejudices disseminate by 'politically correct', the biased representation of the thematic and the presence of figures of speech<br>Doutor
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Golding, Alex. "Beyond propositionality : metaphor in the embodied mind." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/fa0b7ddf-eb07-47b1-8d53-e37943660589.
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This thesis proposes a synthesis of ideas from relevance theory’s conceptual and propositional approach to utterance interpretation with assumptions about the role of non-propositional elements, such as percepts, images and feelings, from embodied cognition. It begins by considering the traditional view of metaphor (reflected in the work of Grice) as involving the transfer of properties from a metaphor vehicle to a target. Relevance theory’s account of metaphoric interpretation makes critical developments to these traditional explanations. It describes the manner in which conceptual and propositional representations are accessed in the interpretation of metaphor using the notion of an ad-hoc concept construction. According to this account, the hearer of a metaphor inferentially develops the encoded concept to an occasion-specific ad-hoc concept, which resembles the speaker’s thought more closely. The thesis points out problems with the relevance-theoretic account, most notably its failure to account for intuitions about the role of non-propositional elements in the comprehension of at least some novel metaphors. It considers a range of approaches which have aimed to handle non-propositional components, including Davidson’s entirely non-propositional, non-communicative approach, and suggests that the solution is to be found in adopting a more embodied view of cognition. It argues that relevance theory’s communicative and cognitive approach to language use needs to be broadened to include an embodied notion of a concept in which the conceptual regions of cognition have access to the sensorimotor system, the affective sites for feeling and the physiological representations implicit in emotional responses. Accordingly, propositional (conceptual) and non-propositional representations can be activated simultaneously during the interpretation of a metaphor. Extending the relevance-theoretic account in this way can solve some of the problems that remain with it. In particular, it helps to explain how the comprehension of novel metaphors can sometimes lead to the derivation of socalled ‘emergent properties’, those elements of metaphorical meaning which emerge, but are typically associated with neither the vehicle nor the target concept.
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Daoud, Atef Tag El-din Agami. "Applying conceptual metaphor theory to figurative language teaching." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2010. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/af8ced29-ad1f-40d9-a691-e747b6ec70b2.
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Fremi, Stella. "Gender crossing tales : a case for myth and metaphor." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/db962279-1922-413f-ba88-4172aeabbca2.
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This study argues in favour of creating a new paradigm around gender transition that goes beyond politically distinctive ‘label identities’ and aims to include individuals who seem to lack a clear ‘destination’ within definitions of ‘gender transition’. Contrary to sociological models that have constructed understandings of gender transition via separate categories into which individuals may be grouped, this study argues that those assigned to the categories of ‘gender oscillators’ and ‘gender migrators’ –or ‘cross-dressers’ and ‘transsexuals’- do not necessarily constitute members of different groups. The thesis draws on a detailed discursive analysis of interactions within focus group discussions and critically engages with the notions of recognition and monstrosity as these apply to trans-gender theorising. Thirteen male-to-female individuals who self-identified as embodying various expressions of gender transition agreed to take part in three independent focus groups that explored participants’ understanding of transition. An interdisciplinary methodological approach was adopted, this drawing upon the principles of discourse analysis to reveal how subject positions are formed within the gender-crossing discourse. Gender crossing tales were collected and analysed as a means of interaction and were set within the framework of myth and legend which had sought to explain human existence and possibilities of viable gendered personhood over the millennia. The use of metaphors was critically examined, particularly those which describe gender transition as a path which leads to a sought-after ‘home’; a place where an individual expects and hopes to find recognition as their ‘true’ female self. This study argues that the various classifications of trans-gender expressions are products of the given sociocultural matrix that regulates recognition within relations of power. It also argues that those assigned to different categories actually share individual expressions of similar embodied feelings, namely the wish to be accepted as females, and that their journey ‘home’ is mobilised by a defence against the fear that the loss of the desired subject position will defeat one’s capacity to have hope about anything. In an effort to introduce an alternative, value-free approach to the more-conventional clinical and politicised attempts to describe and classify individuals who cross the gender norm, this study suggests an account of the metaphorical positioning of the trans-gender self which aims to build connections across various understandings of non-normative gendered bodies and offer new forms of identity and agency which may make the lives of all individuals who gender-cross more liveable.
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Raby, June. "Material, memory, metaphor : convergences of significance in the ceramic vessel." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/7403ade8-2f29-4aeb-928f-ef37dac4c5fd.
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An enquiry into the significance of the ceramic vessel has led to an investigation of its historical and contemporary social purposes. Daily use of this object to hold substances essential to life connects it materially to the land and to the human body. This connectivity has created tradition and led to ritual expression in many parts of the world. The research analyses the manner in which individuals and societies have imbued these vessels with memory: aiding memory, obscuring it, telling stories, connecting people, embellishing tales and creating myths.
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Abbattista, Alessandra. "Animal metaphors and the depiction of female avengers in Attic tragedy." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/ANIMAL-METAPHORS-AND-THE-DEPICTION-OF-FEMALE-AVENGERS-IN-ATTIC-TRAGEDY(40f0c5dc-a189-4270-b278-9b99c25e559d).html.
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In the attempt to enrich classical literary criticism with modern theoretical perspectives, this thesis formulates an interdisciplinary methodological approach to the study of animal metaphors in the tragic depiction of female avengers. Philological and linguistic commentaries on the tragic passages where animals metaphorically occur are not sufficient to determine the effect that Attic dramatists would have provoked in the fifth-century Athenian audience. The thesis identifies the dramatic techniques that Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides deploy to depict vengeful heroines in animal terms, by combining gender studies of the classical world, classical studies of animals and posthumanism. It rejects the anthropocentric and anthropomorphic views of previous classical scholars who have interpreted the animal-woman metaphor in revenge plots as a tragic expression of non-humanity. It argues instead that animal imagery was considered particularly effective to express the human contradictions of female vengeance in the theatre of Dionysus. The thesis investigates the metaphorical employment of the nightingale, the lioness and the snake in the tragic characterisation of women who claim compensation for the injuries suffered within and against their household. Chapter 1 is focused on the image of the nightingale in comparison with tragic heroines, who perform ritual lamentation to incite vengeance. Chapter 2 explores the lioness metaphor in the representation of tragic heroines, who through strength and protectiveness commit vengeance. Chapter 3 examines the metaphorical use of the snake in association with tragic heroines, who plan and inflict vengeance by deceit. Through the reconstruction of the metaphorical metamorphoses enacted by vengeful women into nightingales, lionesses and snakes, the thesis demonstrates that Attic dramatists would have provoked a tragic effect of pathos. Employed as a Dionysiac tool, animal imagery reveals the tragic humanity of avenging heroines whose voice, agency and deception cause nothing but suffering to their family, and inevitably to themselves.
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Lloyd, Jonathan. "The therapeutic use of metaphor : a heuristic study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-therapeutic-use-of-metaphor-a-heuristic-study(a020949f-3653-4812-af1d-ccbf49e53f98).html.
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Background: This research was designed to explore the experience and understanding of counsellors' and psychotherapists' engagement with metaphors in the therapeutic process. The aim is to reflect on the experience of therapists involved in therapeutic metaphors from differing perspectives. Methodology: In a heuristic study a group of seven therapists (counsellors and psychotherapists) shared their use of metaphors in their therapy practice. Data were collected through an informal conversational interview that supported the participants to share their experiences in a natural dialogue. Findings: The experience of using metaphor in therapy appears to involve a multi-faceted web of generation, construction and development between the therapist and client. Various levels of depth of metaphor in therapy were identified along with links to transferential and cultural issues. Metaphors of hope also appear to be potentially important. Discussion: The findings suggest that the use of metaphors in therapy is pervasive. Metaphors that reflect an empathic connection and encounter between therapist and client were identified. Dualistic thinking around the origination of metaphors in therapy is challenged and the concept of co-creation and the mutual development of moving metaphors is discussed. Environmental and cultural influences are considered alongside transferential aspects. Conclusion: It appears that the use of metaphor in therapy is pervasive and offers an opportunity for therapeutic change. The consideration of the construction of metaphors and their mutual development may be useful for therapists to consider. This research highlights the need for more investigation with regard to client perspectives, the environmental impacts on metaphors in therapy and who the therapist and client stand for metaphorically for each other.
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Papadoudi, Dafni. "Conceptual metaphor in English popular technology and Greek translation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conceptual-metaphor-in-english-popular-technology-and-greek-translation(02c32fa4-98cc-4499-a329-371c1e5413c5).html.
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This research project studies the metaphorical conceptualisation of technology in English popular technology magazines and in translation in the respective Greek editions. The focus is on the cognitive linguistic view of metaphor initially presented by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), on the metaphor identification procedure (Pragglejaz Group 2007), and critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black 2004). The analysis of the English data identifies 14 main metaphors and 29 submetaphors which contribute to the structure of the target domain of technology. It distinguishes between conventional and novel metaphors, and common and original metaphorical expressions, motivated by correlations in experience between diverse source domains and by the widespread diffusion and impact of technology. The English data also provide insight into the functions of these metaphors in popular technology discourse and reveal evidence to thinking, values and attitudes about technology in the English language. The analysis of the Greek data examines similarities and differences in the conceptualisations between the English and Greek languages and cultures, and finds similarities in the categories of metaphors, frequency of and preference for metaphor use in the source and target languages, and in the majority of metaphorical expressions. Similarities are based on common experiences stemming from experiential co-occurrence or experiential similarity, and on translated experience. Differences are restricted to specific-level metaphors and expressions, motivated by alternative conceptualisations of terminology, cultural specificity and preferential conceptualisations. A set of translation strategies and a number of possible translation effects are also identified. These strategies and effects add to the possibilities of translation variations and the range of translation options, and are used to draw conclusions regarding the similarities and differences between the English and Greek languages and cultures. Consequently, through the identification and description of metaphors in technology magazines and in translation, the study attempts to highlight aspects of the culture of technology, which views technology as a cultural artefact and a producer of its own culture.
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Ryland, Susan. "Resisting metaphors : a metonymic approach to the study of creativity and cognition in art analysis and practice." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8833e8bc-1221-4edb-aec3-d8b1539357a8.
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This research addresses two fundamental elements of metonymy in thought: firstly its definition, and secondly its function in creativity. It is a first foray into non-verbal metonymic creative thought, taken from an art practice perspective. This viewpoint offers access to how metonymy functions in material processes, and how it draws meaning from proximal contexts.
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Ford, Jane. "Vampiric enterprise : metaphors of economic exploitation in the literature and culture of the fin de siecle." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/vampiric-enterprise(35602e3a-bb35-44e7-85f8-73c0cdabb1c1).html.
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This thesis is about the complex network of metaphors that emerged around late nineteenth-century conceptions of economic self-interest — metaphors that dramatised the predatory, conflictual and exploitative basis of relations between nations, institutions, sexes and people in an outwardly belligerent fin-de-siècle economy. More specifically, this thesis is about the vampire, cannibal and related genera of economic metaphor which I argue penetrate many of the major discourses of the period in ways that have yet to be understood. In chapters that examine socialist fiction and newspapers; the imperial quest romance; inter-personal intimacies in the writing of Henry James and Vernon Lee; and the Catholic novels of Lucas Malet, I assess the breadth and variety of these metaphors, and consider how they filter the concept of the conflictual ‘economic man’ inspired by Hobbes and formalised in nineteenth-century economic discourses. The thesis builds on Maggie Kilgour’s From communion to cannibalism: an anatomy of metaphors of incorporation (1990), which traces the genealogy – in literature from Homer to Melville – of what she terms ‘metaphors of incorporation’. In basic terms, these are metaphors that originate from a foundational inside-outside binary and involve the assimilation or incorporation of an external reality. Kilgour attempts to demonstrate that with the increasing isolation of the modern individual (signalled by the acts of enclosure and the formalisation of property rights, for instance) acts of ‘incorporation’ previously imagined as symbiotic (early communion), were later conceived as cannibalistic (oedipal rivalry). Representing an appetitive antagonism between aggressor and victim, the figures at the centre of this study – the economic vampire and its cognates – have integrity as metaphors of incorporation. However, deploying a combination of historicist and, at times, Post-Structuralist approaches, this thesis demonstrates that these metaphors refuse to accommodate themselves to a simple unified vision of the kind advanced by Kilgour. Therefore, in this thesis, I map the complexities of these metaphors, explaining how they originate from divergent teleological impulses and how they articulate both simple ideological operations, and more complex feelings of ambivalence about economic realities in the cultural moment of the Victorian fin-de-siècle.
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Nilsson, Johan. "CrawLogo: An Experiment in End-User Programming for Web-Enabled Applications." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2090.
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<p>With the rise of the Web, there is more interest among end-users to create different kinds of software that use elements from the Web or allow for networked interaction between users. Currently however, many available tools for this purpose are hard to use or lack a sufficient level of expressiveness. To provide new insights on the construction of tools that allow end-users to create their own Web-enabled software, this thesis explores design issues and consequences of applying the Turtle metaphor from the Logo-programming language to an end-user programming environment for Web-enabled applications. </p><p>In order to explore this, CrawLogo was created - a programmable end-user tool that supports the creation of Web-enabled applications using a Turtle-like control metaphor and language adapted from Logo. As a proof-of-concept, several Web-enabled applications were created using this new tool, including CrawLogo Pong, a somewhat alternative version of Atari’s classic Pong game, and a collaborative browsing environment, in which users can browse the Web together. The resulting CrawLogo environment allows for creating Web-enabled applications that - using more traditional programming languages - would be quite complex and require deep technical programming skills. Further, while utilizing a Turtle-like control metaphor in CrawLogo allows for the creation of some new types of applications and some new ways of interacting with the Web, it also raises new problems such as how to successfully design within the CrawLogo metaphor and how to create a meaningful representation of Turtle- geometry-based navigation on the Web.</p>
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Houseman, Laura Alexandra. "Fluid metaphors : exploring the management, meaning and perception of fresh water in Minoan Crete." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fluid-metaphors-exploring-the-management-meaning-and-perception-of-fresh-water-in-minoan-crete(2e08fe6c-b623-4c34-bed7-ee964489b8d0).html.
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This thesis explores the role of fresh water in Bronze Age Crete. It presents a catalogue of Minoan water management systems, and investigates the ways in which these systems were incorporated into broader social, political, economic, religious and cultural processes and practices. While the primary focus of this thesis revolves around the data collected on water management systems, it also explores the place of fresh water in Minoan art, iconography, and ritual action. While water is a fundamental resource, and the provision of fresh water on Crete is affected by special geological, geographic, and climatological issues, this has been a largely neglected area in the literature on Minoan archaeology. The thesis seeks to redress this neglect, and argues that the evidence reveals a culture that was deeply concerned with fresh water, developing technologically sophisticated solutions, and devoting considerable economic resources, and political and religious attention to it. One of the key claims of this thesis is that fresh water was a meaningful and valued commodity in Bronze Age Crete, and certain sources of water were particularly revered. This status was exploited by elite groups, who invested in often monumental and highly visible systems for collecting and storing fresh water, in order to assert and reaffirm their special status. Fresh water was also incorporated into ritual practice, and – through its innate capacity to act as a conduit for complex meanings and metaphors – participated in the construction of Minoan religious and cultural beliefs. This thesis also draws out the ways in which water’s religious meaningfulness was incorporated into elite strategies of social control and the construction of an ideology of difference.
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Begley, Mary. "The Middle English lexical field of 'insanity' : semantic change and conceptual metaphor." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2019. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-middle-english-lexical-field-of-insanity-semantic-change-and-conceptual-metaphor(8df594e5-d3a1-4272-8e4a-ed250107b737).html.
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This thesis is an investigation of Middle English insanity language. It analyses change in the Middle English lexical field of INSANITY, the semantic structure of lexemes wod and mad, and compares INSANITY conceptual metaphors in Middle English and present-day English. The INSANITY lexical field is an ideal one to study language change, due to socio-cultural changes since the Middle Ages such as advances in medical knowledge, the development of the field of psychiatry and legal changes protecting people with a mental illness from discrimination. The general theoretical aims were to examine a) change in conceptual metaphor, and b) semantic and lexical change with a particular focus on the decline in use of adjective wod. The theoretical frameworks are cognitive linguistics, prototype theory, and conceptual metaphor theory, and the data is derived from Middle English corpora and other sources. The INSANITY database I created for this study consisted of 1307 instances of mad, wod and near-synonyms in context. The main results can be divided into three groups. Firstly, the lexical field study demonstrates that various intra-linguistic and socio-cultural phenomena effect lexical change. Using case studies amongst others of the decline of wod in the Wycliffite Bible and of Caxton's translations from French, and a systematic variation across genre, I argue that the important factors are i) the arrival of new medical loanwords such as frensy, lunatic and malencolie; ii) the early re-emergence of the vernacular in medical texts starting in the twelfth century, and the development of a new medical register; iii) the so-called medieval 'inward turn'; iv) changes in the neighbouring lexical field of ANGER. Secondly, the semasiological study of wod and mad shows that the meanings of these two lexemes are structured and change in line with the central tenets of prototype theory, i.e. as described for diachronic prototype semantics by Geeraerts (1997). The path of mad's semantic development does not parallel that of wod after the thirteenth century. Mad's senses do not have the emphasis on wildness and fury that the senses of wod do. A particularly interesting finding is the semantic change from a sub-sense of adverb mad and adjective mad, 'unrestrained', leading in present-day English to a new delexicalised and grammaticalised sense of mad, where its use as an intensifier enhances scalar quantity and quality. Thirdly, the conceptual metaphor study demonstrates that predominantly the same conceptual metaphors are seen in both Middle English and present-day English, with some exceptions such as the concept of insanity being related to moral decline, as evidenced in the dearth of FALLING metaphors for insanity in present-day English. Conceptual metaphors such as INSANITY IS ANOTHER PLACE are evidenced in present-day English expressions such as out of her senses, or not in my right mind. In 1422, Thomas Hoccleve could write of a dysseveraunce between himself and his wit, or about his wyld infirmitie, which threw him owt of my selfe, illustrating the same underlying concepts. Other INSANITY conceptual metaphors which remain unchanged are GOING ASTRAY, LACK OF ORDER, LACK OF WHOLENESS, DARKNESS, FORCE, PRISON and BURDEN. Because of its unique approach in combining onomasiological and semasiological approaches with a conceptual metaphor study, this study reveals not only specific patterns of change, but differences in the rate of change on the lexical and conceptual levels. Lexical change driven by the need to be expressive, and reflecting socio-cultural changes such as changes in medical knowledge, can be seen to happen rapidly over the Middle English period. However, underlying conceptual change is barely discernible even over a much longer period of time from Middle English to present-day English. This research is significant because it provides a basis for future analysis of insanity language in other periods and contexts. It also contributes to the study of semantic change in general, highlighting the insights that can be gained by combining different types of data-driven analyses.
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Terry, Justyn Charles. "The judgement of Jesus Christ as the paradigmatic metaphor of the doctrine of atonement." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-judgement-of-jesus-christ-as-the-paradigmatic-metaphor-of-the-doctrine-of-atonement(ceb3ddb5-19bd-47a0-bc30-782f3733d19a).html.
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Mclachlan, David. "A critical examination of the interaction of disability theology and ideas of atonement." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-critical-examination-of-the-interaction-of-disability-theology-and-ideas-of-atonement(a3136aab-ce53-45b4-b40d-a2351d452574).html.
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This thesis brings together two fields of theological ideas. On the one hand, at the heart of Christian theology and faith are the person and work of Jesus Christ, centred on God's initiative of Atonement through the cross. Here God addresses the whole condition of creation and humanity, usually expressed in terms of dealing with sin. On the other hand, the growing field of Christian disability theology is seeking a positive theological account of disability, viewing it as an integral part of the variety of humanity, and resisting normate assumptions that cast what is regarded as disability in a wholly negative light. Drawing these fields together, does the way we think about the Atonement, and what God addresses and achieves through the Atonement, need to be disrupted and re-formed in light of the insights of disability theology? Conversely, if disability theology is to be distinctively Christian, should the Atonement play a far more foundational role within it than it has to date? If so, given the often negative juxtaposition of disability and sin within theology and in biblical texts, how is all this to come about? The approach taken is first to examine both of these fields and the extent of their current interaction. In particular, their use of ideas and metaphor are explored, to determine whether these provide the means for making that interaction more fruitful. However, the interaction is found to be partial at best, and the ideas and metaphors shared are not found to provide the means for the task at hand. Based on that work, however, a proposal is developed for reconsidering what sort of event the Atonement is, and the nature of God's presence within it. Building on insights from Frances Young, Jurgen Moltmann, Eberhard Jungel and Paul Fiddes, it is proposed that the Atonement should be understood as God's deepest, once for all participation in the risk (both moral and contingent) of creation, through which all that alienates us from God and each other is addressed. This opens up a theological space to talk of disability, sin and the cross together, one that does not require all aspects of what we identify as disability to fit into a binary sin/not sin analysis. This Atonement-as-participation also provides an account of the Atonement that is inherently inclusive of humanity in all its variety, where disability is not a special case. This enables God's initiative of the Atonement to function as a foundation for the various themes within disability theology as these continue to develop.
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Kasozi, Alexandra. "A discursive exploration of clients' and counsellors' metaphorical talk in counselling sessions." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/A-discursive-exploration-of-clients’-and-counsellors’-metaphorical-talk-in-counselling-sessions(a9073a1f-7054-413b-af34-4ec9dc253505).html.
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This thesis presents a discursive analysis of clients’ and counsellors’ metaphorical talk in counselling sessions. Permission was granted for access to, and the research use of, existing data originally collected from the Pluralistic Therapy for Depression Clinic at the University of Strathclyde. This data took the form of audio recordings of counsellors’ and clients’ oneto- one counselling sessions. Of the data obtained, a total of thirteen counselling sessions from the therapy of three client-counsellor pairs’ were transcribed using a modified version of Jeffersonian notation. Transcriptions were then coded to distinguish occasions of metaphorical talk. Subsequently they were analysed using a discursive psychology approach which drew on conversation analytic and ethnomethodological principles. This method considered the consequentiality of metaphorical talk on the surrounding interaction, how metaphorical constructions were assembled, and what actions were performed with metaphorical talk in the situated context of the therapeutic discourse. This was followed by a critical revisiting of some of the findings. The analysis found clients’ and counsellors’ uses of metaphor within the data related to three spheres of activity. The first related to constructions of identity through metaphorical talk – in particular a) the construction of relationships by both clients and counsellors using metaphors related to familial role categories, and b) clients’ metaphorical constructions of past versus present identities. The second involved clients’ use of metaphor to do topic management and resistance. The third involved the use of metaphor as a discursive resource in the construction of shared-meaning. Following this the implications of these findings for counselling psychology practice and other psychological therapists were discussed. In particular, a greater awareness of the possible impact of metaphorical talk and claims, and reflection on their impact in both limiting and freeing what is possible in the discourse was suggested.
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Nelson, Sally. "Confronting 'meaningless' suffering : from suffering-as-insult to suffering-as-ontological-impertinence." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/confronting-meaningless-suffering-from-sufferingasinsult-to-sufferingasontologicalimpertinence(f347d882-2f73-42ef-8ce0-1c3ff67518d2).html.
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From the personal contemporary pastoral experience of caring for dying people, and with particular attention given to the psychospiritual anguish often associated with the perceived failure of death, I argue that suffering is primarily identified in the modern West as an insult to normality, often expressed in various forms of the question: 'Why me?'. I challenge this view of 'suffering as insult' by selectively identifying and critiquing some culturally embedded views of the nature of reality, taking note of the influence on suffering persons of the dialogue between science and faith in the UK, and by introducing dialogue with the process thought of Whitehead as an alternative to traditional theistic models of God. Such a dialogue also affects the nature of the person conceived in imago dei, and so I examine the effect of replacing the rational autonomous individual with the dialogical personhood of McFadyen. I then consider the rehabilitation of suffering as a key experience of metanoia in the formation of the person. Finally I reflect on suffering in postmodernity in the light of Ricoeur's hypothesis that reality is narrative in form, and develop the argument that suffering can be understood as an 'ontological impertinence', analogous to the 'semantic impertinence' which Ricoeur attributes to the category of metaphor.
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Tappenden, Frederick S. "Embodying resurrection : conceptualisations of this life and the next in the undisputed Paulines." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/embodying-resurrection-conceptualisations-of-this-life-and-the-next-in-the-undisputed-paulines(6d6d9b79-83b1-4ef9-b8da-b4c0e0f0cb09).html.
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This study examines the centrality of the body in the apostle Paul's resurrection ideals. It is argued that Paul holds to a non-propositional understanding of resurrection that is grounded in recurrent patterns of human embodiment. Such an assertion stands in stark contrast to the pervading scholarly consensus, which is exceedingly cognicentric in its outlook and premised on an untenable opposition of body and mind. In contrast to this consensus, which disembodies resurrection, the present study demonstrates the extent to which Paul's resurrection ideals are somatically grounded. Working within a theoretical matrix that integrates the study of cognition and culture, this study utilises methodologies drawn from cognitive linguistics. Three theoretical concepts are particularly elaborated in relation to Paul: (1) Mark Johnson's understanding of image schemata, (2) George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's understanding of conceptual metaphor, and (3) Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner's understanding of conceptual blending. These three theoretical concepts are utilised in concert with one another and thus constitute this study's methodological apparatus. After demonstrating the inherent cognicentrism of standard scholarly approaches (ch. 1), this study examines four aspects in which resurrection can be seen as an embodied concept. Chapter 2 establishes a conceptual framework in which resurrection texts can be both identified and interpreted. It is argued that the concept of RESURRECTION is necessarily abstract and metaphorical in nature, though fundamentally grounded in recurrent patterns of human embodiment. In ch. 3 attention is directed to Paul's transformation metaphors and notions of both dualism and monism in the apostle's thought. It is argued that Paul works within a dualistic framework characterised not by opposition (e.g., body vs. soul) but rather by tensive integration (e.g., the embodied soul). Building on this assertion, in ch. 4 we examine the extent to which Paul understands resurrection as a present (and not merely future) experience. Critically assessing the apostle's eschatological outlook, this chapter argues that the somatic interior functions as the location of present resurrection. In ch. 5 this experience of present resurrection is further elaborated in light of Paul's broader participationist ideals. It is demonstrated that Paul's eschatology fosters a specific kind of resurrection experience in the present, one that is mapped onto the human body itself and elaborated via an in-out transformative interplay. Finally, ch. 6 offers a synthesis of the argument, scholarly contribution, and suggested avenues for further research.
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Ivana, Knežević. "Хришћанско и паганско у делу Растка Петровића". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101028&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu jeste identifikacija i osvetljavanje dominantnih obrazaca avangardnog i hrišćanskog identiteta u delu Rastka Petrovića. Rastko uvek nastupa sa pozicije nekog ko je blisko upoznat sa umetnošću, istorijom i njenim nepredvidivim i nepravednim političkim projektima. Pokušavajući da rastumači njihove uzroke i posledice, stalno ističe potrebu za integralnim čovekom, kulturom i društvom uopšte, kako po pripadnike sopstvenog naroda, tako i na regionalnom i globalnom nivou. Rastkovo opredeljenje da je svet u nastajanju povezan s ideologijom dečaštva (mladića), znači da je čovek po njemu u događaju Bogomladenca doživeo vrhunac, tj. u potpunosti ispunio cilj ka kome oduvek teži. Suštinsko, a ne tek sporedno, akcidentalno određenje čoveka jeste da nadiđe sebe i stremi ka Bogu. Centralnu ulogu u okviru ove transcedencije trebalo bi da ima analiza apriorne strukture čovekovog bića i u njima prepozna otvorenost i sposobnost da se avangardna/hrišćanska poruka čuje i adekvatno razume. Rastko u tradiciji vidi istinsko uporište transcendencije i afirmacije verodostojnog bića i odgovarajuće slobode gde apsolutna sloboda i apsolutni autoritet nisu suprotstavljena svojstva, već izraz istog bića. Rastkove ideološke evropske pretenzije mogu se okvalifikovati kao veliki intelektualni napor i pregnuće da se stvori, usvoji i inkorporira jedan novi (obnovljeni) kulturni i religiozni mit koji se kao takav projektuje u praistoriju, a potom samoreguliše mnoge savremene fenomene.<br>The main subject of this PhD thesis was to identify and shed the light on the dominant form of avant-garde and the Christian identity in the work of Rastko Petrovic. Rastko always acted from the perspective of someone who was closely familiar with the art, with history and its unpredictable and unjust political projects. Trying to understand its causes and consequences, Rastko Petrovic has repeatedly stressed the need for the integral and comprehensive man, culture and society in general, both in terms of his own people, and at the regional and global levels. Rastko’s commitment to the idea that the emerging World is connected with the ideology of boyhood, means that the man as an individual has culminated in Divine Child event, and only through that event has fully met the purpose towards which it has always aspired. The essential and not only secondary and accidental determination of man is to transcend himself and strive towards God. An a priori analysis should have the central role within this transcendence of the structure of human beings with its ability to recognize in them the openness and the ability to properly hear and understand the avant-garde / Christian message. Tradition is in the eyes of Rastko Petrovic the only true stronghold of such transcendence and affirmation of one true and credible human being and adequate freedom where absolute freedom and absolute authority are not contradictory properties, but an expression of the one same being. Rastko’s ideological European claims may be characterized as a great intellectual effort and endeavor to create, adopt and incorporate a new (renewed) cultural and religious myth which, as such, projects in prehistory, and then self-regulates many contemporary phenomena.
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Bojana, Komaromi. "Sinestezijska metafora u pridevima u engleskom i srpskom jeziku:kognitivnolingvistički pristup." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100342&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Sinestezijska metafora smatra se posebnom vrstom metafore kod koje je izvorni domen utisak primljen preko jednog čula, dok je ciljni domen utisak primljen preko drugog čula, npr. oštar ukus, sladak miris, tople boje i sl. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja ukazuju na izvesne opšte tendencije vezane za smer metaforičkog preslikavanja kod sinestezijskih metafora: hijerarhijski „niža“ čula, kao što su dodir i ukus, preslikavaju se na „viša“ čula, kao što su zvuk i vid, odnosno, konkretniji i dostupniji čulni modaliteti preslikavaju se na apstraktnije. Primećeno je da ove tendencije postoje u različitim jezicima i različitim diskursima i da su primenjive kako kod dijahronih tako i kod sinhronih istraživanja. S druge strane, utvrđene su i izvesne razlike između različitih jezika koje se mogu pripisati pre svega kulturološkim uticajima. S obzirom na to da su u sinestezijskim metaforama oba domena čulna, posebna pažnja se posvećuje i specifičnoj perceptivnoj ali i kognitivnoj osnovi ovih metafora.Cilj istraživanja u ovoj disertaciji je da se kroz kontrastivnu analizu izuče sinestezijsko-metaforički prenosi značenja u engleskom i srpskom jeziku i ukaže na univerzalne tendencije kao i međujezičke varijacije, dok se posebna pažnja posvećuje upravo perceptivnim, kognitivnim i kulturološkim aspektima ove pojave.Istraživačka građa sačinjena je od sinestezijskih prideva, odnosno prideva koji imaju dva ili više značenja u različitim čulnim domenima. Istraživanje je rađeno na osnovu rečničke analize, dok su konsultovani i elektronski korpusi. Za svaki čulni domen (a ukoliko je moguće i za poddomene nekih čula) ustanovljene su tendencije u smerovima metaforičkog preslikavanja. Rezultati su obrađeni deskriptivnom i kontrastivnom metodom i obrazloženi uz pomoć saznanja iz oblasti kognitivne lingvistike ali i drugih naučnih oblasti.<br>Synaesthetic metaphors are considered to be a special type of metaphor in which one sensory modality is described in terms of another, e.g. sharp taste, sweet smell, warm colours etc. Research conducted in different languages indicates that there are certain tendencies concerning the directionality of metaphoric mapping: that hierarchically “lower” senses, such as touch and taste tend to map onto “higher” modalities, such as sound and sight; alternatively, we can say that more concrete and more accessible modalities tend to map onto more abstract ones. The determined tendencies proved to be applicable even to linguistically unrelated languages, different registers and to both diachronic and synchronic studies. On the other hand, there are certain differences among different languages, which can be attributed to cultural influences. Also, since both domains in synaesthetic metaphors are sensory modalities, a special emphasis in studies is placed on the particular perceptive as well as cognitive bases of this phenomenon.The research in this thesis is a contrastive analysis of synaesthetic transfers of meaning in English and Serbian. The aim of the research is to point to universal tendencies of synaesthetic metaphors and cross-linguistic variations between the two languages, while special emphasis is placed on the particular perceptive and cognitive bases of this phenomenon, as well as the influences of culture on the formation of these expressions.The language material is composed of synaesthetic adjectives, i.e. adjectives that have two or more meanings in different sensory domains. The research is based on the analyses of dictionary entries of English and Serbian sensory adjectives, while additional examples are collected form electronic corpora. The directionality of mapping is determined for each sensory domain (and, if possible, for sensory subdomains). The research results are analysed using descriptive and contrastive methods and explained using findings from the field of cognitive linguistics as well as other relevant scientific fields.
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Lepp, Amanda Jane. "The Rooster's Egg: Maternal Metaphors and Medieval Men." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26509.
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The present study explores representations of the female reproductive body in medieval written sources, with an emphasis on the figurative language that was used to describe pregnancy, childbirth, menstruation, and lactation when these phenomena take place in the female body and, symbolically, in male bodies. This examination of what are herein labeled “maternal metaphors” in men, that is a comparison between a male subject and an attribute specific to women’s reproductive bodies, reveals how anatomical and physiological characteristics exclusive to the female reproductive body were used to convey descriptive meaning, and considers why and in what contexts such comparisons were made. This study looks at ancient and medieval medical writing, biblical and medieval Christian religious sources, and various other texts taken from medieval secular and popular literature, where maternal metaphors were used to describe other anatomical and physiological phenomena that were not specific to women, physical and behavioural characteristics of male subjects, and intangible qualities of divine persons. This thesis argues that the female body was the site of diverse conceptual associations in medieval medical and religious traditions, and that, as a result, it proved to be a significant source for figurative analogies that could convey similarly wide-ranging meanings. When pregnancy, childbirth, menstruation, and lactation were used metaphorically to describe male subjects, the variety of connotations that were transferred reflects the range of possible meanings; however, the complexity is not transmitted. Maternal metaphors in men convey meanings that are either good or bad, or occasionally neutral, depending on the context and subject.
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"A Study of the Cultic Metaphors in the Epistle to the Romans in the Greco-Roman Context." 2016. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292687.
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Fung, Tsiu Chung Brian.<br>Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).
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"Mechanisms underlying the effect of brightness-valence metaphoric association." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291814.
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Huang, Yanli.<br>Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, November, 2016).
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Tang, Tsun-Mei, and 唐存美. "Applying Metaphor and Textual Image to Mandarin Culture Teaching and Its Teaching Implications in “Zen Shiyin in a Dream Sees the Jade of Spiritual Understanding” of The story of the Stone, and "All Good Things Must End"." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41700640367874569202.
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碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>華語文教學研究所<br>99<br>This essay made attempt to use literary text as teaching material of culture to guide students in multi-cultural contrast of cross-language and –culture by adopting vocabularies and textural images containing cultural implication, through the approach of translation teaching, so as to allow students rebuild schema and enhance prior knowledge of culture required in reading and writing of Mandarin in the process of contrasting during class discussion, by integrating students’ living experience and cognition.
This study was divided into two stages. Scope of the first stage lay in The story of the Stone, a story describing traditional Chinese culture from multiple aspects, where “Zen Shiyin in a Dream Sees the Jade of Spiritual Understanding” and “All Good Things Must End” in Chapter One were cited as samples of contrast corpus between Mandarin and English. The result showed that cultural differences between China and the West, as well as personal factors of each individual translator, caused variation in selecting Mandarin and English words and cultural vacancy in translation. The second stage aimed to design experimental teaching materials and methods in order to apply the cultural vacancy caused by cultural differences to cultural teaching and to complement cognition of the vacancy through class discussion about multi-culture, and also guide the students to reorganize the schema and promote their background knowledge for reading and writing.
In sourcing experimental teaching materials and methods, mythology which is interesting for most people was selected——the myth“Nu-wa smelted stones to mend the sky” in the first half of Chapter One “Zen Shiyin in a Dream Sees the Jade of Spiritual Understanding” and “All Good Things Must End”, the philosophical thinking distributing throughout the whole novel, were cited as texts of source language, while concept of whole-language educational philosophy was adopted as teaching philosophy and 5C3M (5C: communication, cultures, connections, comparisons, communities; 3M: interpersonal mode, presentation mode, interpretive mode） were employed as principles of teaching method design.
As these teaching materials and methods have never been exercised practically, questionnaire method was implemented to collect teachers’ and students’ opinions as basis for improving the teaching materials and methods. Finding of statistical results of the questionnaire analyzed by SPSS18.0 showed that students were interested in accepting cultural texts as cultural material, which deserved further thinking by teachers: How to use literary texts as material for designing teaching contents and modes suitable for themselves; if a teaching method of translation teaching is to be used, it would be more suitable that subjects of teaching be limited to a class with students using the same native language. As up to three forth of students agreed with homework in form of translation combining students’ living experience, translating Mandarin into students’ native language, teachers could try this way to boost interest and motivation of students in learning Mandarin.
Finally, as the teaching materials and methods designed by this study are experimental ones without having been implemented, teachers may improve them based on results of the questionnaire and then lecture Mandarin literature curriculum with literature works in real teaching field to accomplish a practical research.