Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Métaphysique – Métaphysique'
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Jo, Hyun Soo. "Durée et métaphysique : la conception bergsonienne de la métaphysique." Strasbourg 2, 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/JO_Hyun_Soo_2006.pdf.
Full textThe principle aim of my work is to examine what is the mission that Bergson attribute to the metaphysics. According to Bergson, the positive science eliminate systematically the effets of the time from the world : its « positivity » comes from that it spatialize all that it touche. So Bergson attribue to the metaphysics the mission of restoring the time to the reality and of seeing all things sub specie durationis. « Duration » is the concept that Bergon has created for describing the radical changement that this restoration of the time to the world bring to our vision of the world. Bergson admit that the metaphysics is superior to the positive science because, according to him, it is the time that is the reel fabric of the reality and the properties of the space that are within the reach of the positive science are the manifestations superficiels of the time. So Bergson’s conception of the metaphysics comes from his conception of the relation between the time and the space. With his own conception of the time and of the space, Bergson tries to criticize Einstein’s conception of them. Is Bergson’s philosophy conciliable with the theory of the Relativity ?
Ajerar, Hassane. "Nihilisme et métaphysique." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL072.
Full textWatching the world as it appears nowdays, without anything valuable worth mentioning, a world in which the coded signs of the media have been increasingly taking over from genuine pessimistic apprehensions of the analysts of the crisis in the western world, namely Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, or else Heidegger. The nihilistic experience consists both in refusing to undertake anything an rejecting any hope whatsoever. Couldn't we possibly refute such mundane nil by finding out in it the negative attitude that, in plotin's outlook, will discupt appearences, so thrusting us toward the absolute. The former part of the thesis tries to analyse the spirit of apophasis as a means of metaphysical approach, thus clearing up the problems connected withe it, say ex nihilo creation, abstract deity er personality, to mention, but some of them. Gradually, apophasis appears as the very framework common to the three abrahamic religions, the effective link within western tradition. Yet together with that, a downward process, cataphasis, beomes a must. The latter part shows that prophets have embodied the process. The author himself rejects any form of prophesizing or programming. What he aims at is settling the conditions for a restoration of values
Paillat, Sylvie. "Métaphysique du rire." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1PH02.
Full textThis thesis analyses the connections between philosophy and laughter. It, first of all, views the rejection of laughter by Western rationality. Basically taking into account the history of Western rationality, we study why and how metaphysics, which originated in Ancient Greece, developed upon the tragic-melancholy model, excluding from its building process the inextinguishable laughter of the gods of mythology. Then, laughter, connected with ignorance, with the lowest body elements and with wickedness, is fully condemned, notably in the monasteries of medieval times in which it is regarded as the expression of the devil in man. For from subscribing to such a condemnation, this research work proposes to rehabilitate laughter in the philosophical discourse, first showing its key critical role in the reflection, thus preventing the thought from falling into dogmatism and taking itself seriously. Secondly, laughter also is the expression of the being, the awareness of its finiteness and, ultimately, is the possibility of accepting the comedy of existence and the philosophical thought, by means of supreme distance. Hence, this elaboration of the metaphysics of laughter
Schmitt, Eric-Emmanuel. "Diderot et la métaphysique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040220.
Full textBardout, Jean-Christophe. "Malebranche et la métaphysique." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040237.
Full textThis work tries to describe Malebranche's conception of metaphysics. In spite of the rarity of the word "metaphysique" in the works of Malebranche, we tempt to show that metaphysics takes a great place up in his philosophy. First of all metaphysics becomes the science of idea and of its object. The vision in god seems to be a metaphysical thesis because being is understood through the representative idea "seen in good". We show that all the ways of knowing depend on a representative paradigm. The idea involves the abstraction of knowledge which characterizes metaphysics. These points allow us to underline Malebranche's ontological decisions. In the second place we try to demonstrate that Malebranche's use of metaphysics makes possible to explain the structure of his philosophy. Physics, ethics and the theory of religion depend on metaphysics
Cattin, Emmanuel. "Transformations de la métaphysique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010553.
Full textWith the transcendental philosophy, Schelling inherits the Kantian determination of metaphysics as a science or a system. His first essays work towards the foundation of transcendental idealism in its distinctive concept and task, completing the Kantian programme and replying to the ethics of Spinoza. The transcendental philosophy endeavours to reflect in tis own systematic exposition the self-exposition of the absolute. It reaches its climax with the system of transcendental idealism (1800) : the work of art represents the perfect exposition of the absolute and, for the philosophical system, its own poetical or mythological future. The exposition of my system of philosophy (1801) puts an end to the transcendental era of schelling's metaphysics and to the tension between the transcendental philosophy and the philosophy of nature
Brun, Jean-Marie. "L'exigence métaphysique de Boèce." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040061.
Full textThrough what st Thomas brought to light that work is an analyze and commentary of a philosophical and theological treatise called: «liber de persona et duabus naturis ", written by Boethius, nearly in year 520 to refute Nestorius and Eutyches mistake. What is done is an essay about concepts of "nature" "substance" "subsistence" that is to define the notion of person as: "naturae rationalis individua substantia". Not knowing the dogma of "immaculate conception" Boethius sets up an original thought to define Christ’s human nature. The word to save human's being assumes human nature. He gives to it universal accidents found in the Adam’s three intelligible 's ways : before the first fault (domination of reason), after the first fault (acting death), during the utopian position where Adam would not have sinned (he had not the willing to sin). Conclusion arguments about the category of "relation" called "one of the person". It sets a parallelism between the definition of the person and Boethius' person
Lemaire, Eric. "Wittgenstein et la métaphysique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070081.
Full textThe second Wittgenstein was one of the most important thinkers in the history of analytic philosophy. He is known for his provocative conception of philosophy according to which metaphysical propositions - and more generally philosophical propositions - are nonsensical. Thus understood, the main task of philosophy is to eliminate these propositions and to show that metaphysical problems are pseudo-problems. Many commentators of the second Wittgenstein's works assume that this conception affects any form of metaphysics and that he showed the illegitimacy of any metaphysics. In the meanwhile metaphysics renewed in the analytic tradition. In such a context a question raises: Did the second Wittgenstein really undermine the legitimacy of metaphysics? Our main aim here is to show that he did not. On the contrary, the second Wittgenstein can be understood as a common sense metaphysician, that is as a philosopher who gives us tools, ideas, and a method to rethink the metaphysical enterprise. Hence, he does offer us means to defend the legitimacy of metaphysics
Fleury, Cynthia. "La métaphysique de l'imagination." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040038.
Full textGuyomarc'h, Gweltaz. "Aux origines de la métaphysique : l’interprétation par Alexandre d’Aphrodise de la Métaphysique d’Aristote." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30004.
Full textAristotle does not use the word "metaphysics". The books called "Metaphysics" clearly lack unity. The science called "metaphysics" seems to break the common epistemological rules set by Aristotle himself. From that point of view, it seems problematic to consider Aristotle as the "founding father of metaphysics". The present dissertation aims to show that the foundation of metaphysics as a science is also based on the work of the Ancient Commentators, especially Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD). Paradoxically, the "Exegete par excellence" makes it possible to be engaged in metaphysics without limiting metaphysics to explaining Aristotle's books. The reason is that he tries in fact to makes explicit and to enhance the unity of this work as well as to establish the unity of the corresponding science. According to him, metaphysics is both universal and the first true science. As such it constitutes the condition for any type of knowledge to be established as a science. Metaphysics is devoted to three main programs : the general study of being, the study of substance, the study of the first cause. These different programs are closed enough to be carried out within one single science. The passage from one level to another is guided by what I propose to call the Principle of Maximum Casuality. In this way, the substance is the higher being and the cause of being for all the rest ; the first cause is the higher and most thinkable substance, the cause of the order on the world, and what makes it intelligible. So the Exegete offers a strong view of the unity of metaphysics and thanks to this reappropriation Aristotle's work became the origin of a long-lasting tradition
Declos, Alexandre. "La métaphysique de Nelson Goodman." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0238/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation is dedicated to the philosophy of Nelson Goodman (1906-1998). We defend, against most critics, a metaphysical interpretation of Goodman’s works. It will be shown that the latter developed a technical and often overlooked metaphysics, whose pillars are nominalism, pluralism, perdurantism, actualism, and mereological universalism. This reading allows for a critical reevaluation of Goodman’s views. It also brings to light his unexpected links with contemporary analytic metaphysics
Paik, Joo-Jin. "Méthode et métaphysique chez Descartes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H234/document.
Full textDescartes inaugurated, in the Regulae, the ideal of a universal science by method. The Cartesian method consists above all of solving the questions in the most perfect way possible. To do this, the mind must base its solution on the experience of the real while ensuring that it is the most effective solution possible. In this sense, Descartes' method already has a metaphysical character, for the search for the most effective solution is not separated from the search for an absolute reality. Cartesian metaphysics, being the place where this ideal of method is best realized, bases this method on the experience of absolute reality. The cogito, ergo sum illustrates the power of the mind to orient itself through an inner experience of the mind on oneself. But for this power of the mind to become a productive force of truth, the mind must participate to the power of God, while remaining independent. Thus the method extends to the heart of the metaphysics, so that it becomes constitutive of the unity of metaphysics itself
Pernot, Louis. "Connaissance de l'Univers et métaphysique." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040144.
Full textOne of the tasks of metaphysics is to reflect on the nature and the sens of reality. Now, the perception of this reality is conceptualised by science which provides us with a practical knowledge of the reality around us. In that sens, metaphysics is dependant on scientific thory, and this has two consequences. On one hand, metaphysics has to question the relationship between experience and reality, and between this experience and physical theory, to determine to what extent ones own reflexion can be considered to be about reality. On the other hand, recent scientific discoveries, and in particular the science of the univers, in its macroscopic and microscopic dimensions, with general relativity and quantum mechanics, provides new elements, and a knowledge which differs from common sens about reality. Present scientific discoveries are new spring boards for reflexion on the nature of the cosmos, enabling to specifie or correct certain commonly-held affirmations
Méthais, Pierre. "Dom Deschamps : métaphysique et révolution." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT5010.
Full textThis inquiry about dom deschamps is definable according to thres approachs : firstly, an essay to locate, in the eighteenth french century, the figure, the intellectual evolution and the writings of this author published anonymously ; the second part examines the logic and the new panoply of metaphysical categories derived from christian theology in order to understand the concept of existence, accordint to the dom deschamps' theory; thirdly, regarding the question of moral consequences, dom deschamps develops, against the ideas of enlightenment, a scheme of revolution which would be able to suppress the historical etat de lois, and announces the replacement of this state by an equalitarian society of mankind in accordance with the metaphysical truth. The last problem of this study consists in the interpretation of dom deschamps'ideas between idealism, materialism and religious philosophy, as well as between anarchy, nihilism and communism
Lesca-d'Espalungue, Christine. "La tentation : métaphysique et eschatologie." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML014.
Full textHow to remedy the metaphysical, theological, moral and political crises of man's being faced with the Principle, himself and the World? The theology of the supralapsarian Temptation in the biblical narrative, to which the infralapsarian moral temptation refers, postulates the ontological identity of Being and the One and places the origin of these crises in the sinful loss of power of being to be one through Being. But the failure of this assumption implies interpreting Temptation anew on the basis of the henological difference of the One and of Being, which unveils the original lapse of Western Metaphysics of concealing the powerlessness of being to be one through Being and consequently establishes an eschatology of Salvation in the sense of unifying being through the One in order to ultimately remedy its crises
Declos, Alexandre. "La métaphysique de Nelson Goodman." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37095.
Full textHADDAD, YASMIN LEONARDOS. "BERGSON ET LA MÉTAPHYSIQUE DU MOUVANT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31091@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
BOLSA NOTA 10
La compréhension du temps pur et indépendant de l espace est le principal problème investigué dans la philosophie d Henri Bergson. Pour rejoindre la réalité de la durée, l investigation rencontre des obstacles divers crées par la position de faux problèmes, dont le principal est celui de la confusion entre temps et espace. Une des conséquences de cette compréhension du temps est la formulation que la réalité est le changement constant, flux continu. En partant de cette thèse, nous essayerons de comprendre la possibilité d une connaissance du réel dont la caractéristique centrale est le changement continu. En une tentative de reposer ces faux problèmes, principalement par la critique à des illusions causées par le sens commun, nous essayerons de démontrer comment une compréhension du temps pur est possible en chacune de ses dimensions - présent, passé et avenir - dans la mesure où sa réalité est une continuité entre ces trois dimensions. Les trois illusions que nous proposons d investiguer sont la l illusion de la simultanéité, l illusion d une localisation physique du souvenir et l illusion de la causalité. Notre hypothèse interprétative est que dans la compréhension de chacune de ces illusions et en s opposant à elles, l accès à la réalité du présent, du passé et de l avenir, respectivement, devient possible, ainsi que la formulation d une métaphysique du mouvant qui est le fondement d une connaissance vraie sur la réalité du temps.
A compreensão de um tempo puro, independente dos moldes do espaço, é o principal problema investigado pela filosofia de Henri Bergson. Para chegar à realidade da duração, a investigação encontra diversos obstáculos criados pela posição de falsos problemas, sendo o principal deles a confusão comum entre tempo e espaço. Uma das consequências desta compreensão de tempo é a formulação de que a realidade é mudança constante, fluxo contínuo. A partir dessa tese, tentaremos abordar a possibilidade de conhecimento de um real cuja característica central é mudar. Em uma tentativa de reverter esses falsos problemas, principalmente por meio da crítica de ilusões causadas pelo senso comum, tentaremos demonstrar como é possível uma compreensão do tempo em cada uma de suas dimensões - presente, passado e por vir - na medida em que a sua realidade é uma continuidade dessas três dimensões. As três ilusões que investigaremos são: a ilusão da simultaneidade, a ilusão de uma localização física da lembrança e a ilusão da causalidade. Nossa hipótese interpretativa é a de que na compreensão de cada uma dessas ilusões e em contraponto a elas, torna-se possível acessar a realidade do presente, do passado e do por vir, respectivamente, e formular uma metafísica do movente que é o fundamento de um conhecimento verdadeiro acerca da realidade do tempo.
Lequin, Mathilde. "La bipédie humaine : épistémologie, paléoanthropologie, métaphysique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100085/document.
Full textBipedalism represents for paleoanthropology a criterion to decipher fossil records in order to establish their belonging to the human lineage. As such, bipedalism is considered as a unique characteristic of the human lineage that marks its origin. In this thesis, we identify a "hermeneutic circle" of paleoanthropology, since the human is defined by its bipedal characteristics and, conversely, any bipedalism is interpreted as necessarily human. Because of this circularity, traits associated with bipedalism are overstated in describing the fossil record, hence conferring an unambiguous functional and phylogenetic significance. The uniqueness of human bipedalism is a principle of interpretation remained unquestioned in paleoanthropology. This shows the commitment of this scientific discipline to a philosophical conception of the human uniqueness who hardly seems consistent with the evolutionary approach. On the contrary, a real epistemology of paleoanthropology has put into perspective the meaning given to this anthropological characteristic. We address this latter in showing that the metaphysical concept of "upright station" is echoed in the naturalist concept of « bipedalism ». This continuity or capillary from philosophy to science is emphasized through the use of the criterion of bipedalism in the description of several fossil species. From Pithecanthropus erectus to Ardipithecus ramidus, we analyze various modes of equivalence between "biped" and "human". This equivalence, albeit implicit, represents a major source of confusion for paleoanthropology, implying an unclear concept of « human ». Our epistemology of paleoanthropology put thus upfront several philosophical and epistemological problems that this discipline has to challenge in order to the debate on the evolution of bipedalism in the human lineage can move forward
Langevin-Formaux, Nathalie. "L' expressionnisme : l'art comme expérience métaphysique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010612.
Full textTellier, Dimitri. "La métaphysique bergsonienne : intériorité et extériorisation." Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30013.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to prouve that the metaphysics of Bergson is a metaphysics of interiority. This determination must not to be interpreted as an extension of psychology to ontology, but as the affirmation that we are introduce into metaphysic thanks to the intuition of duration of the myself. This intuition means that there is, inside of the myself, a immanent duration which transcends it. The first experience leads us to the problem of exteriorization. Exteriorization is the test of otherness vy an immanent selfreturn, and allows us to transcend ourselves and to meet the different degrees of Beeing. This meeting occurs in the duration. Consequently we have to think this problem of bergsonian metaphysics. On one way we have to show the difficulties and the solutions in the works of Henri Bergson. On the other way, we have to show the consequences in the fields of ontology, epistemology and ethics
Goulipian, Armand. "Humour et métaphysique chez Graham Greene." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20020.
Full textTowards the end of his life, graham greene was more attracted by the comic side of reality than by its tragic one. His conceptions and his writings were influenced by what could be called a humoristic outlook. In the last novels comedy borders on tragedy, and is not easily distinguished. The field of humour is often mysterious. In greene's work it seems to point paradoxically to a metaphysical reality concealed under the various masks of humour. Masks and caricatures might suggest a hidden truth, hard to apprehend directly. Love's mysterious reality might be a first step towards a metaphysical beyond
Massin, Olivier. "L'objectivité du toucher : métaphysique et perception." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10022.
Full textRichard, Christine. "Bertrand Russell et la métaphysique analytique." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21002/document.
Full textThe broad objective of this study is to examine the recurrence and the posterity of some arguments drawn up by Bertrand Russell to answer one of the main ontological question: How the elements of the being are related ? How can we answer this question without raising a bradleyan endless regress? Several strategies are assessed here: answering these questions by questioning the status of the bradleyan regresses (vicious or harmless regresses?), defining the nature of the relations (particulars or universals?, internal or external relations?) or using the epistemological perspective of the truthmakers. This study is focused on D. Armstrong’s Immanent Realism, K. Campbell’s Theory of Tropes, G. Rodriguez-Pereyra’s Resemblance Nominalism, and D. W. Mertz’s Moderate Realism
Devaux, Michael. "L'avancement de la métaphysique réelle selon Leibniz : nomenclature et réalité de la métaphysique leibnizienne après l'inter italicum." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040224.
Full textIn 1694, Leibniz published the De Primae Philosophiae Emendatione which he himself translated into french as Reflections on Advancement of Real Metaphysics. . . This way of referring to metaphysics can indeed be taken seriously. Is real metaphysics the same as true metaphysics? What about the relationship between his advancement and those of Bacon and Glanvill? Advancement only conveys the idea of progress involved in emendatio, not that of correction, which is conveyed in the notion of real metaphysics. In order to show that real metaphysics is an appellation of metaphysics, we must first explain how it is an advancement upon, and a correction of first philosophy (Descartes) and ontology (modern scholasticism). The first appearance and development of ontology (1606-1716) is presented, as are the relations between Leibniz and thirty authors (Lorhardus, Hojerus, Goclenius, etc. ); as well as the three texts in which Leibniz used ontology. The conceptual aspects of real metaphysics are studied within all the texts in all circunstances in which the syntagma occurs (1691-1716). The next question is: what about reality in real metaphysics? The answer focuses on the three metaphysical inventions accepted by Kant in Leibniz: the real point (and the living mirror), the principle of reason, and harmony. Lastly, we analyse the conception of reality in Leibniz: in opposition (real/imaginary/ideal), in composition (perfection being a degree of reality, the reality of possibles) and in supposition (no reality without unity). We conclude that real metaphysics is a metaphysics of realisation because there's no completion and because it's about existiturientia
Laborie, Karine. "Métaphysique et politique à l'épreuve du nihilisme." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENP003/document.
Full textThis thesis does not present a supplementary approach about the death of God and its effects but a study of nihilism, a disqualified way of thought, which could renew a diagnosis on the crisis of modernity. Nihilsm becomes really a threat as soon as scepticism takes shape in Ancient Greece. It is worth questioning stetting nihilism and scepticism as equivalent when considered through the history of metaphysics and rising of totalitarian regimes. This could be accepted only if one considers the ancient and modern forms of scepticism as proceeding from nihilism, and, on the other hand, if the crisis putting an end to modernity can be interpreted from a sceptical point of view. A dynamic approach to metaphysics (as tension and link between dogmatism and scepticism) casts a doubt upon a nihilist interpretation of scepticism. Suspensive thought in its ancient ways, carrying indecision in modern times, scepticism separates from nihilism. The latest eliminates all differences ; by itself, it is the abolition of the common ground between dogmatism and scepticism. Whatever the creative potential of nihilism from a speculative point of view, in the foundation of totalitarian politics, only its destructive aspect stands out. Indeed, modernity opens on a challenge of a sceptic type : which basis for one's belief ? Yet, after the death of God, this question witnesses no longer a state of indecision but truly as the permanent loss of foundation. While it leads to a crisis of the goal from a metaphysical scope, the institutionalization of nihilism provides a crisis of meaning. Contemporary scepticism, caught in the turmoil, appears as discredited because of its presumed involvement with nihilist politics. Could it still be a resource in our time when forced to pratice an original self-examination ?
Granel, Gerard. "Métaphysique et politique: l' 'Europe' selon Husserl." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112822.
Full textCorban, Antonela. "Nietzsche et Klimt : la métaphysique en question." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL021.
Full textManenti, Jean-Luc. "Physique et métaphysique de l'immortalité chez Sénèque." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040089.
Full textSeneca speaks about life after death in different ways. Sometimes, he follows stoic doctrine and thinks soul survives until universal conflagration ; sometimes, for example in Consolations, he speaks like Socrat : wether death reduces us to non-being or translates us elsewhere, we have no reason to be afraid of it. .
Bonnefoy, Jeanne-Marie. "Lamarck : Philosophie de la nature et métaphysique." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040036.
Full textBenarroch, Jérôme. "Métaphysique de l'amour : pensée contemporaine et judaïsme." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1PH01.
Full textThis work aims at producing a doctrine of love, as a sexual human relationship, on the basis of a personal interpretation of the jewish sources (Bible and Talmud), and through confrontation with contemporary philosophical thought (E. Levinas, J. Lacan, A. Badiou). Since the questioning of the Hegelian system, the categories of philosophic thought have moved from the centrality of the One and All, to the reality of the Other. The feminine is then seen as crucial, as “what thwarts the One” (Badiou). We maintain however that the exact acknowledgement of the feminine, without skipping the Other and the non-relationship, must nevertheless initiate a renewed thought of the One. The idea maintained is thus expressed: womanhood is such that it summons to a humanization by singling out, which bears its own value, on top of becoming just, intelligent and creative, which are generally reckoned by philosophy for the future of humankind. Or else: love makes truth with human singularity, with uniqueness, and it is to this very truth that the feminine invites. Love is the unlikely invention of a relationship between a man and a woman, within the structure set by Lacan, according to which “there is no sexual relationship”. We think as well that the woman's body carries a specificity, the intimacy, that compels to a specific attachment, or relationship, that constitutes the reality of the singling out. And the child occupies then the crucial position of the One, free and stranger to the possible relationship. In the end, our doctrine sees itself as a contemporary metaphysics of love, since it sketches an ontology, in the light of the necessity of loving creativity
Gire, Pierre. "Maitre Eckhart et la métaphysique de l'exode." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOL002.
Full textApproaching master Eckhart from a purely speculative point of view, the author attempts to learn what can be obtained from the philosopher's theory of intelligibility. Beginning with the "i am who am" (ego sum qui sum) of exodus, the author traces the various exegetical, theological, metaphysical and spiritual dimensions of language in order to arrive at his conclusion, namely that out of the dynamic self-statement of the absolute flows the principle by which, thanks to the mediation of the word, the soul's dialectical openness is revealed. In this way, it becomes possible to see, over and above the historical and cultural influences which color Eckhart’s thinking, the originality of his so-called "speculative" mysticism, and to see it as a coherent metaphysics according to which the soul, in its ultimate being, is identified with the divinity
Huang, Kuan-Min. "Schelling et la crise de la métaphysique." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040002.
Full textSandoval, Villarroel Pablo. "L'instauration platonicienne de la philosophie comme métaphysique." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040018.
Full textThis research attempts to display and deepen into the matter of the platonic philosophy as metaphysics, from a phenomenological point of view, as far as it becomes necessary for us to enlighten what remains non-said, that is, what remains veiled and hidden in the philosophy of Plato: the dimension of the fundamental determinations of the being. Following the narration thread of the question on philosophy, the research gets articulated in two main parts: the first part aims the platonic determination of philosophy as eros, the «transport» towards the being of what-is (Symposium, Phaedrus), and the second part aims the platonic determination of philosophy as lysis, the « liberation » for the being of what-is (Phaedo, The republic). At the end, the research leads to the question of the two-fold determination of the being underlying to the platonic experience of philosophy: the being in the horizon of the manifest-ness (alêtheia, to kalon) and the being in the horizon of the stability (aei on, to agathon). The platonic foundation of philosophy as metaphysics is therefore announced as the secret and silent event of the retreat of the alêtheia in favour of the aei on
Lurson, Guillaume. "Ravaisson et le problème de la métaphysique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20054.
Full textFar from a mere label created for the purpose of historical classification, Ravaisson’s spiritualism opens the horizon of a refoundation of metaphysics at the heart of the French 19th century. From Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Ravaisson puts together a critique of what can be called “the metaphysics of separation”, the starting point of which is to be found in the writings of the Stagira-born philosopher. From there, he will endeavor to elaborate a philosophy that affirms the identity of Being and Thought far from any transcendence or dualism. That is how the question of metaphysics can be posed: can one overcome the aporia inherited from Aristotle’s Metaphysics, and stitch up the gap between the entity and the Being, Nature and the Spirit, or even Man and God? Or should one, on the contrary, consider that separation defines the inaugural gesture of metaphysics? By refusing this latter possibility, Ravaisson builds a philosophy that entirely refutes Kant’s transcendental idealism, or Comte’s positivism and, more broadly even, any materialistic way of thinking. The lost unity of metaphysics, that is, its possibility, must thus be sought by questioning Aristotle’s heritage, in order to determine whether one should think with, or against it
Ferré, Jean-Claude. "L' érotisme métaphysique d'André Pieyre de Mandiargues." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3002.
Full textAndré Pieyre de Mandiargues is the author of erotic books, witch are also"metaphysical", although be has never explicated as to what this term implied for in. His eroticism is "metaphysical", as Chirico's painting is metaphysical, or as Ferrare is " una citta metafisica". Mandiargues's eroticism is abstract, oneric and fantastic ; it is a romantic sublimation, and absolute disconnected from reality. This eroticism, fed with phantasms and dreams, is the the pretext and the matter of writing. In addition, it is a rebellion against "bourgeois" values he hated. As most major authors, Mandiargues has created a unique and secret world without giving the key to it. Eroticism and fantastic are the materials of this exclusive world, as well as an almost gongoristic mannered style. Mandiargues' world, constituted of esoteric and psychoanalytical hints and of ininterrupted dreams, is subjugated by love for Woman, sadomasochism the infernal Eros and Thanatos couple soon joined by Chronos
Nita, Adrian. "Métaphysique du temps chez Leibniz et Kant." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT5005.
Full textDagron, Tristan. "Métaphysique et philosophie naturelle chez Giordano Bruno." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2022.
Full textDedicated to "metaphysics" and " natural philosophy" in Bruno's works, this thesis is based on the italian dialogue De la causa, principio et uno, which represents the theoretical center of Bruno's thought. The thesis proposes to situate Bruno's thought within the framework of the "humanist crisis", which has not ceased to denounce the use of reason and language in medieval scholastics (The Modi significandi), and more specifically its "metaphysical" pretentions to connect the human order of signification to a "supernatural" reality, since Lorenzo Valla's dialectic. The study therefore tries to link Bruno's thought to Pomponazzi's aristotelism and to Ficin and Pic's platonism
Grumelier, Alix. "Les analogies dans la métaphysique de Descartes." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2022.
Full textThe soul and God are the two principle objects of inquiry in Descartes' metaphysics. This doctoral dissertation will establish that Descartes employs a recurrent strategy to address these immaterial and supersensible objects: analogy. Descartes relies heavily on this technique, which can be divided into analogy of proportion and analogy of attribution. After analysing the relationship between metaphor, comparison, and analogy of proportion, I examine the role of analogies in five chapters, each dedicated to: ontological argument; the first a posteriori proof; sui causa; the creation of eternal truths; and knowledge of God and the soul, independently of proof of their existence. This dissertation thus proposes a nonexhaustive mapping of analogy in Cartesian metaphysics, showcasing their main uses, which are genetic, pedagogic, cathartic, clarifying and constitutive. I acknowledge and respond to counterarguments, concluding that Descartes' ideas constituted a modernisation of theological analogy, rather than a reform
Aucante, Vincent. "L'horizon métaphysique de la médecine de Descartes." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040304.
Full textThe Descartes medicine is facing an odd paradox : parangon of the method in his discourse, always promised in his letters, its obvious deficiencies implicate unavoidably to suspect the whole philosopher's work, and particularly the efficiency of the method. Far from following rigorously a synthetic or an analytic order, the medicine is revealing itself to be a compromise of both, where the experientia has got actually the privilege. The explanation of all the physiology with the Cartesian physic is the only part systematically developed. Following the direct observation more than thesis of Galen or Paracelsus, the recombining of the "fabric" of human body has in fact a precarious status because it can be modified by any new discovery. In other respects, the physiology is nothing but a preliminary required for the development of a practical medicine, with pathology, etiology and therapeutics. Sparse in all the corpus, the many indications once got together reveal an important implication of the mind. It is then proved that the real subject of the Cartesian medicine is not the body alone, but the body causing pain in the soul. The incompletion of Cartesian medicine appears to result from a dual difficulty : on the one hand to discover all the wheels of the bodily machine, and on the other hand to understand the union of mind and body, which is only really known by god
Moukine, Billah Saïda. "Poétique, métaphysique et éthique chez Muhammad Iqbal." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20071.
Full textMuhammad iqbal (1877-1938), is a muslim poet-philosopher, born in india and honoured today as "the spiritual father of pakistan". His poetry bears trends of persian classical imagery and mystical symbolism. Yet, iqbal's treatment proves original both in meaning and style. "the concept of nature" is one of the themes showing a personal dynamic mysticism. It also betrays a hiearchic and prophetic vision not only of nature (through the four elements, the vegetal and animals worlds) but also of man and community. The english conferences the reconstruction of religious thought in islam express at best his insistance on a quranic foundation for the development of individual and society, culminating in the position of the perfect man. However this enlightening level of god's servant requires the practice of reason, meditation and creativity involved in the infinite reality. At last, iqbal's project of pakistan betrays a tension between materialism and transcendence in a real implication in the modern world
Shimabukuro, Felipe. "Heidegger et la déconstruction de la métaphysique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H229/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose an interpretation of Heidegger’s concept of deconstruction. Our interpretation is based on three thesis: 1) the deconstruction is one of the three elements of Heidegger’s phenomenological method with the reduction and the construction, these three elements being indissociable from each other. 2) These three elements allow us to understand the most general strategy of Heidegger’s thought constitution. 3) The deconstruction of metaphysics is the heideggerian version of the critique of reason. In the first part, the reduction is defined as an operation of questioning the naturalized presuppositions of thought, the metaphysical concept of being is the naturalized presupposition which is the object of Heidegger’s reduction. In the second part, the construction is defined as a genealogy of the naturalized presuppositions of the whole history of metaphysics. The construction allows us to identify two definitions of metaphysics in Heidegger’s thought: 1) as an hegemonic and normative understanding of the basic concepts of the West: being, truth, thought, language and man. 2) As an onto-theology. In the third and last part, the deconstruction is defined as a double operation. On the one hand, the negative operation of circumscription of metaphysics’ limits, on the other hand, the positive operation which consists in the proposition of a new way of thinking the basic concepts of metaphysics
Anderson, Jean-Christophe. "Dilthey et le problème de la métaphysique." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40063.
Full textRhéaume, Marilie. "La critique nietzschéenne de la métaphysique platonicienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27468.
Full textMérieau, Antoine. "Nietzsche ou la métaphysique de la séduction." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080095.
Full textEverything is force. Now, force acts as seduction : it is a relation that modifies and is modified. Dionysus is the god of seduction, that Socrates attempts to topple by modifying tragedy. Socrates, Plato and traditional philosophies are reactive individuals and forms of thinking : they refuse seduction, but to do so, they have to seduce the world to freeze it, and seduce other individuals for them to embrace their line of thought. This refusal of becoming and transformation nevertheless opens up a whole human history. Nietzsche intends to topple this history, that is to say, to seduce it, in order to produce the superman. In order to do so, language needs to be reversed and parted from identity, for it to revive metaphor : break the freezing to renew with metamorphosis. Such a process is allowed by style and art, as well as sophistics. Thus, Nietzsche finds a language and logic allowing a form of knowledge which doesn’t betray seduction, but on the contrary, asserts it : his thinking acts as a force transforming what is « known » by it. Seduction is the metaphysical system which describes the world as a game of seduction, that is to say of struggling forces. Such metaphysics describes itself as a force among the others, struggling against the others. Nietzschean thinking is feminine : it is double-sided, contradictory, stylish and masked. It reveals the inherent contradiction in all forms of thinking, particularly in those rejecting contradiction on the basis of identity – and such is the case in traditional metaphysics. His thinking even acknowledges the possibility of its own inversion, that is to say that it can also become reactive, freezing the world of becoming by its description
Nault, François. "Écriture et métaphysique : dire Dieu après la déconstruction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/NQ31502.pdf.
Full textGonin, Jean. "L'expérience poétique de Eugenio Montale : métaphysique et mythe." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO31015.
Full textThis study which is a global approach to montale's work ains to explain his poetic universe in two essential dimensions : on one hand the metaphysical, on the other the mythical dimension. The first part retraces the process of deepening the gnosiological aim inherent in montale's metaphysics which is seen as going beyard naturalism and rationality. The first five chapters analyse the main stages of the genesis of his poetic universe 1) the quest of reality 2) genesis of a metaphysics. Ossi di seppia or the dialectic of being or not being. 3) towwards a systematics of the sign. Le occasioni or the enigmaticity of the world 4) the closed and the open. La bufera ed altro or the "different order" 5) the apologue of non knowledgr. Satura. . . Or the "permanent oxymoron". The chapter 6 a metaphysics of the absurd analyse the cultural and speculative substratum which conditions montale's poetic experience. The second part retraces the process of elaboration of myths inherent in poetic initiatism in their moral and religious articulation, and as a fonction of a problematics of a salvation. The chapter 4 approaches the theological substructures which condition montale's poetry and riplaces the problematics of divinity in a cultural perspective. The chapter 5 places the problem of the quest for wisdom
Srour, Pierre. "La métaphysique dans les romans de Patrick Modiano." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Srour.Pierre.LMZ9413_1.pdf.
Full textAfter having highlighted in the first part the author's biography and the series of his novels published untill 1989, we go in the second part to the heart of the subject : to speak on the subject of "metaphysics" is also and especially to speak of "physics", as the raw material which the modianesque world is built upon, is nothing else but metaphysics itself, personified through the concrete places of his novels space. This stage is followed by the doubt about existence : to abstract and go beyond the blurred vision of the substance, by a phenomenon of shades and lights. The presence of a musical structure that rules Modiano's works, opens on happiness and proves that the maturation of time merges into the infinite and resolves the matter of identity. As for the character, his name does his destiny. In the third part, one attends the double jewish-christian identity of the modianesque man, as well as the kaleidoscopy of his being. Here, the father holds a most important place, through the image of an absurd or non absurd god, yet always omnipresent. As for the fourth part, it shows a blocking at the level of time, yet not without a serious attempt from the author towards opening and freedom
Recchia, Michel. "Approche psychanalytique et métaphysique de la sexualité humaine." Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21002.
Full textSettled up around the opposition between two antinomous problematics, this reflexive research is based on human sexuality, its virtual or implicit dimensions, its central significance. Freudian psychoanalysis puts forward a psycho-biological type of sexuality. This concept appears to us as very representative of a modernist thesis but quite incomplete to a superior level. The freudian "scientism" appears to us featured by a conservative moral ideology, a restrictive anthropology, a negative philosophy. Darwin theory and all the occidental religious environment featured by a dual spirituality which leads to the depreciation and underevaluation of the body, the instincts. An abstract and disincarnate transcendence has often been defined by the occidental ontotheology as the single possible way of transcendence at the price of a devaluation of immanence, at the price of the exlcusion of the divine part of life, of nature, of women, of sexuality. To a modern, psychoanalytical speech on sex appearing today particularly totalitarian and insidious today, it is important to oppose another speeck which is the one of the traditional world. At all times and under various ways, men have been able to recognize the very light relations between sexual and magic ritual, sacred, spiritual transcendental. It appears judicious to oppose methodoligical tantrism to psychoanalysis, for tantrism presents itself as the modern privileged expression of traditionnal truth. Sex is seen as one of the last ways given to men to rise above themselves. As much psychoanalysis theorizes sexuality as an alienating and subversive strength, as much tantrism defines it as a magico-transcendental strength able to release human being and allow him to dissolve the usual limits of empirical consciousness. . . (*) this doctrinal parallelism leads also to an unavoidable search of sociological order on the regression of sexual singularisms, on quick mutations, on the secrete stakes of new behaviour manners. (*) to the subpersonnal sexual priority brought out by freudian theoritical model makes contrast the suprapersonnal sexual priority of tantrism. In human being, by a degradation or demoniacal inversion, the first one has settled itself more and more and substituted itself for the second in an involutive process always more featured
Moisuc, Cristian-Petrut. "Métaphysique et théologie chez Malebranche : Verbe, union, représentation." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1617.
Full textThis thesis examines the relationship between Malebranche's theory of idea and its interpretation on throle of Jesus Christ as the occasional cause of grace. It aims to highlight the ambiguity of Malebranche’s Christology not only by relating it to its sources but also and especially by examining how it forces Malebranche to rethink the relationship between metaphysics and theology. Taking as starting point the classical interpretations on the role of the Christ in the Malebranche’s system, we analyze in the first part of the thesis the theory of vision in God and its basic assumption (the idea as an real and external object for the soul) and how this theory forces Malebranche to describe the relationship between man and God as «distance» and «remoteness». In the second part of the thesis we focus on the theological implications of the vision of ideas in God, especially on the interpretation of the relationship between man and God becomes as a relationship between the finite and the infinite and on the rewriting (in a metaphysical key) of the dogmas of the Incarnation, the original sin and the redemption in Christ. The challenge of the thesis is to prove, first, that the classical exegesis of Malebranche has not seen the daring and the heterodox character of the Malebranche’s Christology and secondly, to show how this metaphysical Christology assumes the pivotal role for the theological occasionalism – designed to be a real vindication of the divine Providence, it has lead to questioning the hypostatic union (in the person of Jesus-Christ) between man and God
Michel, Beat A. "Phénomène, sens et substrat : pour une métaphysique phénoménologique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100056.
Full textWhat is the substrate of consciousness, or what is it that “makes consciousness”? Asking this question amounts to not being satisfied with an answer that may seem self-evident: this substrate is the brain. In fact, situating the substrate of consciousness in the objective body, as part of the world - whether in the context of phenomenology, philosophy of mind or naturalism - leads to a circular ontology: consciousness in the body, the body in the world, the world thought, perceived, conceived, constituted by consciousness. However, even if all circularity is not necessarily problematic, we seek to show that this circularity of a general ontology is indeed fatal. So we take another path, from the subjective body to a substrate that is not located in the world. This substrate is constructed as an abstract notion, by operating two consecutive merges of existing concepts. First we bring together in a single concept, that of abstract substrate, the Aristotelian hylemorphism, on the one hand, and the idea of supervenience, from the philosophy of the mind, on the other hand, by establishing that the two are, in a way, coextensive. We then appeal to the notion of absolute Life, introduced by Michel Henry in the last period of his work, interpreting it as a particular case of the notion of abstract substrate. The result of this second conceptual unification, is what we call transcendental substrate - transcendental in the Kantian sense. Finally we use the term adherence to designate the lived experience that the transcendental subject makes of the transcendental substrate