Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Métaux – Surfaces – Propriétés optiques'
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Dappe, Yannick. "Ecrantage du champ aux surfaces et processus dynamiques en spectroscopie de photoémission à deux photons." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13102.
Full textThe aim of this work is to describe the elementary processes required for the knowledge of electronic and optical properties of metallic surfaces. Recent advances in time resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy give access to surface electrons dynamics. From a theoretical description of these experiments, we exhibit the coherent or incoherent nature of the processes leading to the emission of a surface electron, in good agreement with the energetic caracteristic of the electronic spectrum. Moreover, we have shown the need to take into acount non-resonnant processes for transitions implying bulk states. This study is applied to the (111) surface of Copper and the (100) surface of Copper and Silver. The surface electronic properties also influence the nonlinear optical responses. Their modelisation based on a band model for the (111) surface of Aluminium requires the introduction of screening phenomena and so on, we have studied the influence of these phenomena over the optical anisotropies. Our modelisation shows clearly, at least in optical range, a weak influence of screening over optical anisotropies
Guralskyi, Illia. "Nano-objets à transition de spin : élaboration, organisation sur des surfaces et étude de leurs propriétés physiques par des méthodes optiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1900/.
Full textThe dissertation is devoted to the preparation of some nanoobjects based upon spin crossover complex [Fe(hptrz)3](OTs)2 (where hptrz is 4-heptyl-1,2,4-triazole), their morphology and properties study. By reaction in reverse microemulsions the spin crossover nanoparticles of 35-70 nm in size and with a different aggregation rate were obtained. The lust was achieved varying the quantities of reagents and water in micellar system. Different approaches toward nano- and microobjects of the complex in homogeneous media were developed. It was found that a direct reaction between salt and ligand, depending on the solvent and the stabilizer, can result in nanoparticles of different size and morphology. The method of complex precipitation allowed to obtain the small nanoparticles with a size related effect. The thin films with spin crossover were elaborated by deposition of the complex from its solution in chloroform. This complex was also structured onto surface by means of soft lithography. Spin transition in these nanoobjects onto surface was studied by UV spectroscopy. Optical diffraction and delocalized plasmon resonance were firstly used for the detection of spin state change in 35 nm film, and also for the detection of methanol. The fluorescent approach permitted to follow the spin crossover phenomenon in a single nanoobject
Palpant, Bruno. "Effets de taille dans la réponse optique d'agrégats de métaux nobles en matrice : étude expérimentale et interprétation théorique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10214.
Full textEdely, Mathieu. "Etudes de surfaces métalliques nanolithographiées : application à la diffusion Raman exaltée de surface." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1020.
Full textSince the first observation of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in 1974 a variety of methods have been developed to physically control the arrangement of metallic nanostructures onto a surface in order to enhance Raman signals. The magnitude of the SERS enhancement factor is mainly driven by the enhanced local electromagnetic field in nanostructured metal surfaces. Gaps between adjacent nanoparticles give rise to strong enhancement effects, often referred as ‘hot spots’. One way to produce highly efficient SERS substrates is to develop a reproducible system of interacting metal nanostructures capable of high field enhancement.We patented a force-assisted Atomic Force Microscopy lithographic method allowing the fabrication of a metallic substrate. It will be shown that this method also provides a relatively simple approach to realize reproducible patterns with controlled geometry that can be used to study the influence of specific pattern geometry on SERS phenomenon.In order to investigate the relationship between optical properties and pattern geometries, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and local electric field enhancement are simulated.Whereas electric field enhancement regions (hot spot) have been observed on the top of the nanostructures with PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), SERS effect has been demonstrated by performing Raman measurements using several probe molecules. Correlations between PEEM measurements, Raman exaltation and local field calculations are presented in relation with the geometrical parameters of the nanostructured patterns
Manchon, Delphine. "Réponse optique de nano-objets uniques anisotropes : de l’or aux métaux de transition." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10172/document.
Full textThe optical response of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are known to be dominated by the Localized SurfacePlasmon Resonance (LSPR), which is highly sensitive to the size of the NPs, their shape and their environment.This optical response can be studied on single nanoparticles thanks to a highly sensitive setup based on theSpatial Modulation Spectroscopy (SMS) which gives access to their absolute extinction cross-section on a widespectral range (300–900 nm). Moreover, the morphology of the same objects studied in optics is characterized bya direct observation in Transmission or Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM or SEM).In this work, a new setup allowing the measurement of both the extinction and the scattering of a single nanoobjecthas been developed. This technique allows a quantitative measurement of the scattering cross-sectionprovided the angular distribution of the scattered light by the NP is known.The second part is related to experimental and theoretical optical studies and morphological observationsthrough TEM and SEM of exotic nano-objects. First, a systematic study performed on a large number of goldbipyramids, chemically elaborated, has shown that the LSPR located in the red is highly sensitive to theirmorphology and to the environment. Thus, these objects can likely be used as biological sensors. In addition,emergence of a resonance induced by plasmon coupling has been evidenced on lithographed nano-antennasbased on transition metal (Pd, Pt, Cr) for which no LSPR is usually expected. This opens up prospects for novelapplications by extending the field of plasmonics to metals of various chemical properties (photocatalysis,magneto-optics)
Larquet, Clément. "Nanoparticles of lanthanide and transition metal oxysulfides : from colloidal synthesis to structure, surface, optical and magnetic properties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS432.pdf.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is dedicated to lanthanide oxysulfides Ln2O2S. In the bibliographic introduction, the history and properties of the bulk compounds are presented. The reaction conditions of the syntheses of Ln2O2S nanoparticles are then detailed. Gd2O2S nanoparticles are obtained via a synthesis in organic medium using Gd(acac)3, S8 and Na(oleate). Unsupported Ce2O2S nanoparticles are obtained for the first time by keeping the nanoparticles under inert atmosphere from the synthesis to the storage. The solid solution between Gd and Ce enables the formation of (Gd,Ce)2O2S nanoparticles. Their surface and their optical and magnetic properties are studied. For the first time, a formation mechanism with nucleation and growth steps is proposed. The alkaline source which is crucial for the crystallization is still debated; the mechanistic study unveiled a new role of formation of oleate aliphatic bilayers. A second part deals with the transition metal oxysulfides. After a quick introduction on the bulk phases, the scarce nanoscaled compounds are presented. The synthesis of Ln2O2S nanoparticles used in the first part is transposed to p- and d- block transition metals. Because of the differences in the coordination modes of the metals, the transposition is challenging but promising results were obtained with several metals. A last chapter is dedicated to the synthesis of nickel sulfides and oxysulfides at ambient temperature using a reactive complex of nickel and S8
Mboko, Hilaire. "Obtention d'alliages amorphes électrolytiques de NI-P : Étude de quelques propriétés magnétiques." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10214.
Full textAubert, Antoine. "Propriétés optiques des surfaces rugueuses aléatoires." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0900.
Full textGrillet, Nadia. "Réponse optique de nano-objets uniques d’argent : couplage plasmonique et photo-oxydation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10135/document.
Full textThe optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles are known to be dominated by the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) which is highly sensitive to the size of the particles, their shape, their environment, and eventually their chemical composition in the case of mixed systems. In order to study the optical response of a single supported metallic nanoparticle, a high sensitive spectroscopic setup using a white lamp (300-900 nm) has been developed in a transmission measurement configuration. This technique, the Spatial Modulation Spectroscopy, aims to detect the overall extinction of light by a nanoparticle. Moreover, the coupling of this technique with the direct observation of the particles by Transmission Electron Microscopy allows to get an unambiguous description of their optical response in relation with their exact morphology. In this work, the optical response of single silver nano-objects has been correlated with their morphology and their structure at a sub-nanometer scale. Time evolution of the optical response of single silver nanocubes under illumination was first investigated. We observed a “spherization” and a photo-oxidation due to the UV part of the light. Moreover, we studied pairs of cubic silver nanoantennas that showed a huge sensitivity of their optical response with the interparticle distance and their morphology. Indeed, the SPR is red-shifted with decreasing interparticle distance. One can also observe a striking splitting of the resonance for very low interparticle distances. Preliminary DDA calculations seem to show that the radius of curvature at the corners and edges of both cubes plays a key role in the splitting of the resonance
Billaud, Pierre. "Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules uniques de métaux nobles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00213213.
Full textFricout, Gabriel. "Propriétés morphologiques et optiques des surfaces rugueuses." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001102.
Full textFricout, Gabriel Yrieix. "Propriétés morphologiques et optiques des surfaces rugueuses." Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001102.
Full textIn this PhD, we have focused our interest on studying general aspect of rough surfaces and particularly steel surfaces, that can be coated and designed for any kind of applications. In the following, the words surface aspect have to be understood as general texture characteristics without taking into account local defects. The control of such an aspect during production process is performed by regular sampling of the product and visual comparison with a reference data set. This method does not only forbid a continuous quality control of surface aspect, but also introduces a very subjective part in surfaces appearance evaluation. Firstly, we develop a set of morphological features (based on surface segmentation, tortuosity map, granulometry. . . ) as well as statistical features (covariance curve, slopes histogram. . . ), that leads us to surface characterization. The question of features stability is then considered by means of features variance when a large surface is characterized several times using independent observation windows. Some geostatistical tools enable us to address this problem in some particular cases and bootstrap over-sampling is also introduced with special care to statistical dependence between variables. A statistical method based on different steps of factorial analysis is then introduced in order to chose a representation space that is well suited for bayesian classification. This very generic methodology for analyzing surface texture is then applied to a real problem. We study the automatic classification of surfaces with "orangepeel" aspect according to the quality of their appearance. Once successful experiments were performed in laboratory using interferometric microscopy, we design a vision system based on a collimated source and a matricial camera, so that an automatic and systematic quality control of surface aspect can be set up on production line. In order to improve our classifier performance, the possibility of using flooding trees for texture characterization is considered and we develop an algorithm to divide a flooding tree into subtrees so that bootstrap techniques become usable with such a particular data structure. Finally, the optical behavior of surfaces is modeled by the way of ray casting in order to simulate the image obtained by a camera under specific lighting conditions. Reciprocally, we propose an algorithm to compute a surface topography if only a single camera image is known. All these points join a recent dynamic coming from steel industry in general and Arcelor group in particular, that should lead to a better understanding of esthetic for surfaces, the final aim being the prediction and anticipation of consumer’s desires in this particular field. Considering this, our tools open perspectives for defining the "ideal surface" for a given application
Koperski, Maciej. "Propriétés optiques des couches minces de dichalcogénures de métaux de transition." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY019/document.
Full textThe research reported in the thesis entitled ‘Optical properties of thin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides’ focuses on physical phenomena which emerge in the limit of two-dimensional (2D) miniaturisation when the thickness of fabricated films reaches an atomic scale. The importance of such man-made structures has been revealed by the dynamic research on graphene: a single atomic plane of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb lattice. Graphene is intrinsically gapless and therefore mainly explored with respect to its electric properties. The investigation of semiconducting materials which can also display the hexagonal crustal structure and which can be thinned down to individual layers, bridges the concepts characteristic of graphene-like systems (K-valley physics) with more conventional properties of semiconductors. This has been indeed demonstrated in a number of recent studies of ultra-thin films of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (sc-TMD). Particularly appealing, from the point of view of optical studies, is a transformation of the bandgap alignment of sc-TMD films, from the indirect bandgap bulk crystals to the direct bandgap system in single layers. The presented thesis work provides a comprehensive optical characterisation of thin structures of sc-TMD crystals. The manuscript is divided into five parts: three main chapters with a preceding introduction and the appendix reporting the supplementary studies of another layered material: hexagonal boron nitride.Introduction. The fundamental properties of the investigated crystals are presented, especially those which are important from the point of view of optical studies. The discussion includes information on the crystal structure, Brillouin zone and electronic band structure. Also, the general description of the samples’ preparation process and experimental set-up is provided.Chapter 1. Basic optical characterisation of excitonic resonances in mono- and multi-layers of sc-TMDs. The optical response, as seen in the reflectance and luminescence spectra of thin sc-TMDs is analysed (mostly for MoSe2 and WSe2 materials). The impact of the number of layers and temperature on the optical resonances is studied and interpreted in details. The complementary time-resolved study is also presented.Chapter 2. Zeeman spectroscopy of excitonic resonances in magnetic fields. The evolution of the optical resonances in an external magnetic field, applied perpendicularly to the layers of sc-TMD materials is investigated. Based on these results, a phenomenological model is developed aiming to describe the linear with magnetic field contributions to the energy of individual electronic states in fundamental sub-bands of sc-TMD monolayers. Furthermore, the effects of optical pumping are investigated in WSe2 monolayers, which can be tuned by tiny magnetic fields.Chapter 3. Single photon sources in thin sc-TMD flakes. The discovery of localised narrow lines emitting centres has been in thin sc-TMD flakes is presented. An investigation of their fundamental properties is discussed. This includes the measurements of temperature and magnetic field evolution of the photoluminescence lines, and the analysis of the polarisation properties and the excitation spectra as well as photon correlation measurements.Appendix A. Single photon emitters in boron nitride crystals. Hexagonal boron nitride also belongs to the family of layered materials, but it exhibits much larger band gap than semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. A narrow lines emitting centres has been observed in boron nitride structures, which reveal multiple similarities to defect centres in wide gap materials. They are characterised in a similar manner as the emitting centres in WSe2
Jaouen, Maud. "Propriétés optiques de monocouches moléculaires auto-assemblées sur surfaces métalliques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112307/document.
Full textOne of the most widely studied type of photochromic molecules are azo-dye molecules whose photo-isomerization reaction entails important mass transport processes in polymer matrices.The aim of this PhD Thesis was to get a better understanding of the key parameters controling such photomechanical properties. For this purpose, we have driven some studies on Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) formed by azobenzene derivatives grafted to alkanethiol linkers on atomically flat gold surfaces. Self-assembling offers the possibility to perform both scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) experiments at the molecular scale and contact angle measurement at the macroscopic scale.A derivative alkanethiol system has been chosen to take benefit from the alkanethiol ability to form dense and regular self-assembled monolayers. Another interest of the alkanethiol linker is to easily adjust distance between the azo moiety and the gold surface through the length of the alkane chain. Then, this type of SAMs seems to be the good candidate to study the influence of (1) charges coupling effects between the neighbouring azo moieties and between the molecules and the metallic surface and (2) steric hindrance problems. Both a short (3 carbon atoms – “azoC3”) and a long (12 carbon atoms – “azo-C12”) alkane linker have more specifically been investigated. Although STM characterization have shown that azoC3 was organizing into a dense and regular packing showing a network quite similar to the one observed in the case of alkanethiols self-assembly, no modification could be evidenced upon illumination. Polarity modification between the trans and cis photoisomers, probed by wetting measurements, confirm the lack of photo-reactivity of these molecules grafted through a short linker to the metallic substrate. However, photo-isomerization effects have been observed at the macroscopic scale on polycristallines substrates for the long linker (“azo-C12”). The reasons for such behavior come from the intrinsic properties of alkanethiol SAMs: a dense network involves a restricted free volume and significant intermolecular interactions that add additional de-excitation channels thus leading to a quenching of the photoinduced conformational changes, except at surface defects areas. These findings have been supported by complementary characterizations of fluorescence of similar thiolates SAMs. We have demonstrated that an alkane spacer corresponding to 11 C was allowing electronic decoupling thus leading to fluorescent emission in the case of non-dense thiolated SAMs of fluorescein derivatives. However, these studies have also confirmed the difficulty to control the dilution of photosensitive molecules (photochromic or fluorescent) inserted within thiolated SAMs. In order to overcome this problem, we have demonstrated the interest of another original molecular system whose extended head group permits the formation of a network less densely-packed than those formed by alkanethiol derivatives. These molecular systems self-assemble by physisorption onto graphite (HOPG) substrates, their organization properties being also maintained for graphene sheets deposited onto copper substrates. Advantageously, these sheets can easily be transferred to transparent substrates. These studies open thus new perspectives for the realization of simultaneous in-situ experiments coupling molecular scale topography informations using local probe microscopy (AFM or STM) and larger scale optical measurents (inverted optical microscopy) towards more accurate characterizations
Souchière, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques de la surface du silicium." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10061.
Full textPrzybilla, Frédéric. "Aspects fondamentaux de la transmission exaltée de la lumière à travers des ouvertures sub-longueurs d'onde." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/PRZYBILLA_Frederic_2008.pdf.
Full textSadou, Abdelkader. "Etude des propriétés thermooptiques des métaux réfractaires à hautes températures." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100130.
Full textThis study relates to the thermo-optical properties of refractory metals (tantalum, molybdenum and titanium) at high temperature (1200K-2500K). This work is a contribution to the understanding of the properties of these metals. From measurements of the spectral brillance for various angles of emission we determined the spectral emission factors and the complex index. Then we applied the Drude model to the complex index obtained with measurements. The parameters such as the plasma frequency and the relaxation frequency were calculated according to the temperature. Dispersion in temperature and wavelength of the relaxation frequency agree well with the dispersion law given by Drude. From the Drude parameters, we calculated the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature of these metals and we found a good precision the values of this resistivity with that given by the literature. We treated also in this thesis one of the properties of metals which called Point X , a spectral point for which the emissivity is constant whatever the temperature. We determined it experimentally for tantalum
El, Ghemmaz Abdelmjid. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés optiques des matériaux liquides par ellipsométrie spectroscopique." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/El_Ghemmaz.Abdelmjid.SMZ7643.pdf.
Full textThe instrument used to determine the opticals constants of liquid metals was ellipsometer spectroscopic. The metals were melted in crucible enclosed in a cell filled with argon-hydrogen. The temperature was measured with a chromel-alumel thermocouple. The opticals properties of the liquid metals in the visible, it usually assumed obey mearly-free-electron-libre, and it has been conventional, in analysis of experimental data, to find values of the Drude parameters, the effective electron number par atom and the relaxation time, by fitting the Drude expressions for the optical constants to the experimental data. The results of tin andtin-lead binary alloy, to differ from the Drude theory, this departure is due to with the oxyde film formed on the surface
Besson, Eric. "Elaboration de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à propriétés optiques." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20104.
Full textBernardes, Vieira Marcelo. "Reconstruction de surfaces à partir de données tridimensionnelles éparses." Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/02CERG0145.pdf.
Full textThis work approaches the problem of sparse data spatial organization inference for surface reconstruction. We propose a variant of the voting method developed by Gideon Guy and extended by Mi-Suen Lee. Tensors to represent orientations and spatial influence fields are the main mathematical instruments. These methods have been associated to perceptual grouping problems. However, we observe that their accumulation processes infer sparse data organization. From this point of view, we propose a new strategy for orientation inference focused on surfaces. In contrast with original ideas, we argue that a dedicated method may enhance this inference. The mathematical instruments are adapted to estimate normal vectors: the orientation tensor represents surfaces and influence fields code elliptical trajectories. We also propose a new process for the initial orientation inference which effectively evaluates the sparse data organization. The presentation and critique of Guy's and Lee's works and methodological development of this thesis are conducted by epistemological studies. Objects of different shapes are used in a qualitative evaluation of the method. Quantitative comparisons were prepared with error estimation from several reconstructions. Results show that the proposed method is more robust to noise and variable data density. A method to segment points structured on surfaces is also proposed. Comparative evaluations show a better performance of the proposed method in this application
Baida, Hatim. "Propriétés optiques et spectroscopie non-linéaire de nanoparticules individuelles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713129.
Full textGaudry, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : effets de taille et de composition." Lyon 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/49/06/PDF/tel-00001513.pdf.
Full textDemange, Valérie. "Seléction, élaboration et caractérisation d'alliages et de couches minces approximants Al-Cr-Fe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL568N.
Full textRabiazamaholy, Herinirina. "Etude du mécanisme de réflexion de la lumière par des surfaces de type mécanique." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA132029.
Full textAli, Benamara Abdelkader. "Dopage du polyacétylène orienté par les alcalins en phase vapeur : propriétés de transport et propriétés optiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20105.
Full textPetit, Sarah. "Élaboration de nouveaux complexes de coordination d'éléments de transition d et f : synthèses, structures, propriétés magnétiques et optiques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/46/60/PDF/These_Sarah_PETIT_couleur_CCSD.pdf.
Full textCoordination chemistry of transition metals gives an access to numerous molecular magnetic materials that exhibit varied properties. During this work, several ligands with intrinsic properties have been chosen and their chemistry has been developed in order to get specific magnetic behavior. Solvothermal syntheses allowed the characterization of several complexes based on macrocycles. Two dinuclear CoII and FeIII complexes were isolated. Their molecular structures are built from metal ions located like in a "sandwich" between two calixarenes units. These complexes considered as molecular starting blocks were used for the synthesis of clusters with higher nuclearity. An original complex associating six CoII ions has been then isolated. The complexation of Schiff base ligands resulting from the condensation of the acetylacetone with various amino acids has been performed. From one of these original ligands, an almost perfect triangular trinuclear CuII complex has been then isolated and fully characterized. Ab initio calculations have been carried out in order to explain its magnetic properties. Finally, the complexation of β-diketone based ligands with various metals was explored. It has been then possible to control the nuclearity of molecular buildings block. The use of a preformed brick (cubane type) gave an access to a heptanuclear NiII complex. This latter presents the characteristics of a single molecule magnet. The last stage of these researches was to modify the steric effect of these β-diketone ligands in order to control the final cluster size. Three families of polynuclear 4f complexes (Ln5, Ln8 and Ln9) were obtained. Structural, magnetic studies and detailed analysis of the spectroscopic characteristics of these europium(III) complexes were achieved. A completely original work has been carried out on Y9 clusters doped with Eu (Y9-xEux) by linking molecular structures with luminescence properties
Silly, Mathieu. "Etude des surfaces, interfaces et nanostructures du β-SiC(001) : propriétés électroniques, structurales et optiques." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112306.
Full textWe study clean, silver covered, hydrogenated and oxidized β-SiC(001) by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), STM induced light, photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). We determine the atomic structure of the silicon terminated β-SiC(001)-(5x2) reconstructed surface and deduce the structure of the Si atomic line. The various β-SiC(001) reconstructed surfaces are probed by STM induced light and exhibit different behaviour. The Si-rich (3x2) and C-terminated c(2x2) surfaces are destroyed by the tunnelling conditions (high current and high voltage), while the c(4x2) remains stable. We obtained topographic and photon atom-resolved images simultaneously in topography and photon emission for the (3x2), c(4x2) and silicon atomic lines. The contrasts in photon emission are interpreted as surface state variations. The atomic resolution in photon emission is also obtained with β-SiC(001)-(2x3)/Ag. We show that the silver covered Si atomic line presents differential negative resistance. For thick silver coverage on c(4x2), silver is organized in clusters, here the contrasts in photon emission are interpreted as localised plasmons variations. We show by photoelectron spectroscopy that pre oxidized (3x2) surface can be metallized upon atomic hydrogen exposure. Finally, the C-terminated surfaces are found to be much less reactive than Si-terminated surfaces towards oxygen
Feltrin, Emeline. "Surfaces PDMS structurées et/ou décorées par des nanoparticules : vers des propriétés optiques et de mouillage modulables." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15207/document.
Full textThe polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a transparent and stretchable elastomer, is put forward in this work as a functional substrate in the field of optics and wetting. In the first part, we have developed wrinkled PDMS surfaces via controlled buckling instabilities. We were able to tune both the wavelength (λ) and the amplitude (A) of the structuration on a large length scale. We have then selectively organized some nanoparticles the textured surfaces in order to modulate its physical-chemistry. In the second part, in situ generation of gold and silver nanoparticles/plots has been developed and studied both on glass PDMS surfaces and subsequently characterized optically
GAUDRY, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : Effets de taille et de composition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001513.
Full textViguier, Claude. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés optiques et de la structure électronique des siliciures de métaux de transition." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22001.
Full textOusi, Benomar Wahib. "Propriétés électro-optiques du titanate de baryum pur ou dopé fer : traitement et topographie optique des cristaux." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS011.
Full textKamgang, Noubissi Jean Omer. "Modification des propriétés physico-chimiques et décontamination des surfaces de matériaux par plasma d'arc glissant d'air humide." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES030.
Full textIn food industries and hospitals, hygienic problems often results from biofilm formation. These sessile microbial are known to be particularly resistant to antimicrobial compounds. To limit the impact of such unwanted structures, it is possible to prevent bacterial adhesion, or, thereafter, to kill adherent cell. Plasma involve the productions of highly reactive species and can be efficient in both strategies. In that context, we've designed a new operating technique exploiting the properties of humid air produced by gliding arc at atmospheric pressure. Experimentally, a 2. 5 minutes treatment of testing materials induces an increase of their surface hydrophily. By modifying their properties, the “glidarc” treatment also modified the adhesion behavior of Staphilococcus epidermidis. This adhesion increases whatever the material employed. Also, “glidarc” treatment of sessile microbial induces a total destruction of 106 UFC. Cm-2 of attached cells and 107 UFC. Cm-2 of biofilm
Daran, Emmanuelle. "CaF2:Er épitaxié par jets moléculaires : propriétés optiques en relation avec les paramètres d'élaboration." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0005.
Full textMarhaba, Salem. "Influence de la morphologie sur les propriétés optiques de nano-objets métalliques uniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356212.
Full textKhlifi, Soumaya. "Nanomatériaux hybrides luminescents à clusters de métaux de transition : synthèse, mise en forme et modulation des propriétés optiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S091.
Full textPhotoluminescent materials are playing a major role in applications related to photonics, optoelectronics or lighting. Combining them with polymers allows the design of easy-to-shape-functional materials with enhanced application versatility. Related to this, hybrid materials composed of an organic polymer matrix containing strongly luminescent octahedral metal clusters were prepared. Octahedral metal clusters have several advantages: a deep luminescence in the red and the near-IR region, a high quantum yield, a large Stokes shift and no photobleaching or photoblinking effects. As organic host matrices, PMMA and PDMS were used because of their optical and mechanical properties in addition to their thermal stability. However, a prerequisite for realizing hybrid materials is to homogeneously introduce the ceramic inorganic emitter in the organic polymer to avoid segregation-phase phenomena. For this purpose, several integration approaches were developed to prepare new hybrid materials. Meanwhile, spectroscopic analysis were performed on these hybrids demonstrating their huge potential. Actually, these hybrids were used to design a self-erasable inkless light-imprinting material when the hybrid is combined with an organic fluorophore, and 1D- and 2D-waveguides. The 1D-waveguides can be applied for integrated photonics while 2D-waveguides combined with liquid-crystals lead to a new luminescent PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) material for Luminescent Solar Concentrator technology
Bizi, Mohamed. "Propriétés optiques d'ions de métaux de transition (3D3 à 3D8) dans les oxydes spinelles et de verres sodocalciques." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES035.
Full textGamet, Emilie. "Écriture au vol par masque de phase de grands réseaux de période submicronique." Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET4011.
Full textThe subject of the present thesis deals with the continuous dynamic writing of long diffraction gratings of submicron period. The direct application is the fabrication of grating scales for displacement sensors but other applications like spectroscopy or white light processing. . . Are considered. The chosen technique is the dynamic writing from of interferogramme generated by a phase mask. Thanks to the synchronization of the displacement with the mask illumination it is possible to carry out the grating writing regardless of the translation velocity : the modulator is driven by the signal delivered by the position sensor composed of a sensor and a reference scale. The experimental endeavors have led to of gratings of 300 mm length of 500 nm period. The modeling of the writing technique has been performed considering the diffraction efficiency in the diffracted orders and the exposure modulation signal. The influence of different parameters (adjustments, experimental conditions. . . ) has been studied. The phase mask is a key element of the writing setup. It has been studied here theoretically and modelized in the objective of the cancellation of the zeroth order from a modal vision stand point. The writing of small periods under UV exposure requires phase masks of periods close to the wavelength. In this case the standard monolithic fused quartz phase mask does not permit a sufficient minimization of the zeroth order. A modeling work has permitted to develop a phase mask structure based involving a high index thin film leading to an efficient suppression of the zeroth transmitted order. The theoretical study based on the « true modal method » is also presented
Coustel, Romain. "Mécanismes de croissance, structures et propriétés optiques d'assemblages organiques sur surfaces Si(100)-2x1 nue ou passivée." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066569.
Full textMahfoud, Tarik. "Bistabilité moléculaire dans des complexes de métaux de transition : commutation par un champ électrique et détection optique par résonance des plasmons de surface." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1321/.
Full textThe aim of the present cook coas to investigate the electrical and optical properties of scoichable malecular complexes, suchas spin crossover of valence tautomeric comprends. We performed a detailed Raman spectroscopic stuby on three different Valence tautomeric compound under au opplied enternal electric field. We have beenable to provide experimental evidence for a new type of electric field induced transition in thes compounds. In the second part of this cook, we developed a novel approch for the setection of spin crossover in nanometric thim films co free sensing is based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of refractive index changes in the films
Cugat, Orphée. "Réalisation d'un magnétomètre à effet Kerr : propriétés magnéto-optiques de couches minces d'alliages amorphes terres rares-métaux de transition." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10005.
Full textPetit, Sarah. "Elaboration de nouveaux complexes de coordination d'éléments de transititon d et f : synthèses, structures, propriétés magnétiques et optiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264233.
Full textLa voie de synthèse par méthode solvothermale a permis de caractériser des complexes originaux à base de macrocycles. Deux complexes dinucléaires à base de CoII et FeIII où les deux centres métalliques sont pris en « sandwich » entre deux unités calixarènes ont été ainsi isolés. Ces dimères ont été utilisés comme brique moléculaire de départ pour l'élaboration de cluster à plus haute nucléarité. Un complexe associant six ions CoII a pu être isolé et caractérisé.
La synthèse de nouveaux de ligands de type base de Schiff résultant de la condensation de l'acetylacétone avec différents acides aminés a été développée et leur complexation avec différents éléments de la première série de transition a été étudiée. Ainsi, un trimère à base de CuII a été caractérisé et ses propriétés magnétiques ont été modélisées par une série de calculs ab initio. Cette étude théorique a été complétée par un ensemble de mesures RPE en solution en fonction de la température.
Enfin, la chimie de coordination de ligands de type β-dicétone, en particulier l'acétylacetonate, avec différents métaux (3d et 4f ) a été revisitée. Ce ligand et certains de ses dérivés permettent de contrôler la nucléarité d'édifices moléculaires à base d'ions 3d et 4f. L'utilisation d'une brique moléculaire préformée de type cubane a permis d'isoler un complexe heptanucléaire de type « double cubane » à base de NiII qui présente les caractéristiques d'une molécule-aimant. En jouant sur l'effet de l'encombrement stérique du ligand, trois familles de complexes polynucléaires Ln5, Ln8 et Ln9 ont été obtenues par auto-assemblage suivant les méthodes de la chimie douce à base d'ions 4f. Des études structurales, magnétiques et une analyse approfondie des caractéristiques spectroscopiques des complexes à base d'europium(III) ont été réalisées. Une étude complète a été menée sur une famille de complexes Y9 dopés en europium (Y9-xEux).
Bachelier, Guillaume. "Propriétés optiques de nano-structures métalliques et semi-conductrices." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008229.
Full textMahfoud, Tarik, Azzedine Bousseksou, Gábor Molnár, and Azzedine Bousseksou. "Bistabilité moléculaire dans des complexes de métaux de transition : commutation par un champ électrique et détection optique par résonance des plasmons de surface." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667718.
Full textAbouchacra, Georges. "Contribution à l'étude des effets d'implantation de métaux nobles (Au, Ag, Cu) dans MgO." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10055.
Full textQuentel, Simone. "Smectiques C* stabilisés par les surfaces : distribution du directeur déduite de l'étude de la transmission de la lumière." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20261.
Full textAbid, Ines. "Plasmonique hybride : propriétés optiques de nanostructures Au-TMD, couplage plasmon-exciton." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30333/document.
Full textTransition metal dichalcogenide materials (TMDs) are increasingly gaining attention, due to their unique optical, spintronic, and electronic properties. These properties result from the ultimate confinement in 2D monolayers of a direct band-gap semiconductor and the lack of inversion symmetry in the crystallographic structure. To control and enhance the optical response of these materials, it is interesting to integrate them with plasmonic nano-resonators. The TMDs/plasmonic hybrid systems have been extensively studied for plasmon-enhanced optical signals, photocatalysis, photodetectors, and solar cells. In this context, this thesis deals with the interaction between TMD monolayers and gold nanostructures. In a first part, an hybrid system composed of CVD grown MoSe2 monolayers transferred on gold nanodisks was studied. Surface plasmon resonance was tuned by controlling the nanodisks size and the inter-disks separation. The optical properties of the nanostructures are probed by means of spatially resolved optical transmission and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Fano-type coupling regime between the surface plasmon of the gold nanodisks and the MoSe2 exciton was evidenced by a quantitative analysis of the optical extinction spectra based on an analytical model. Our interpretations were supported by numerical simulations. The number of MoSe2 monolayer dependence as well as the Temperature dependence of the plasmon-exciton interaction was investigated. Our results were quantatively analysed on the nanometric scale by studying the local electromagnetic near-field and the excitonic transition dipole momentum interaction. Furthermore, the Raman scattering of MoSe2@Au system was carried out. A particular situation was investigated where a resonant interaction between the surface plasmon of nanodisks and A exciton of v occur. The contribution of these two resonances leads to a resonant surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERRS) effect. The Raman Scattering excitation is selected to resonantly excite the Surface Plasmon resonance and MoSe2 excitonic transition simultaneously. The relative contribution of the surface Plasmon and the confined exciton to the resonant Raman scattering signal is pointed out. In this resonant condition, a hyperthermia effect was detected. Numerical simulations of the SERS gain were useful to figure out the main factors affecting the SERS intensity enhancement in MoSe2@Au. In a second part, the TMD monolayer was used as a substrate of Au nanoparticles. Au nanoislands were deposited on mono- and few-layered MoSe2 flakes. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements revealed a net quenching of the MoSe2 photoluminescence. To figure out the origin of this quenching three possibilities were discussed (i) the charge transfer between the TMD monolayer and the Au particles (ii) the direct to indirect gap transition of the TMD electronic band structure caused by the strain induced by the metal deposition (iii) structural disorder imparted by the nanoparticles in the TMD/metal interface. Owing to the Raman scattering measurements and using the radiative emission of the gold nanoparticles, we evidenced a charge transfetrt between the metallic nanostructures and the semiconductor. In order to complement our interpretations a comparative study with respect to optical properties of TMD covered by a silica film was carried out. The present work was held within the NeO group in CEMES, in a frame of a collaboration with the group of thr Pr. Jun Lou from Rice university, Houston
Lamouchi, Meriam. "Matériaux moléculaires à propriétés optique et magnétique à base de complexes métalliques polynucléaires : Thiacalixarènes/métaux de transition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976987.
Full textWarda, Krzysztof. "Emission photoélectrique mono- et multi- photonique des métaux en régime picoseconde : applications aux photocathodes en tungstène et en or." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10367.
Full textSt-Arnaud, Ken. "Traitements de passivation des surfaces de l'arséniure de gallium et impact sur les propriétés électro-optiques de ce matériau." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7723.
Full textChasserio, Nadège. "Corrélations entre la composition et le structure de particules d’oxydes mixtes de métaux de transition et leurs propriétés optiques et thermoradiatives." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30191.
Full textThe aim of this study is to integrate oxide powders in aeronautical coatings to limit thermal contrasts between the aircraft and its environment in the infrared range. The optical characteristics (complex refractive index and hemispherical directional reflectivity) and radiative one (emissivity) have been measured. The studied oxides are ferrites and manganites with spinel structure. A study of the chemical composition of CuxNiyMn3-x-yO4 has allowed to optimize the optical properties (n up to 3,8 for λ =3µm). The roles of the cationic distribution and of the proportion of Cu+ cations have been shown. The radiative behaviour of the coatings charged by these oxides has been simulated. The theory of the radiative transfer has been used to consider the multiple diffusion phenomena. Simulations have shown the strong influence of the binder on the limitation of the performances. The obtained coatings have permitted to reduce the apparent temperature of 30°C (for a real temperature of 100°C)