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Journal articles on the topic 'Meteorology Southern Hemisphere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Salinger, Jim. "Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 116, no. 1-2 (2003): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00250-2.

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2

Karoly, David J., and Dayton G. Vincent. "Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere." Meteorological Monographs 49 (December 1, 1998): 1–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401-27.49.1.

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3

Diamond, Howard J., Neil Plummer, and Kevin Walsh. "Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 91, no. 2 (2010): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009bams2892.1.

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Vincent, Dayton G., and Johan van Heerden. "Fifth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78, no. 10 (1997): 2227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-78.10.2227.

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Fletcher, Jennifer, Shannon Mason, and Christian Jakob. "The Climatology, Meteorology, and Boundary Layer Structure of Marine Cold Air Outbreaks in Both Hemispheres*." Journal of Climate 29, no. 6 (2016): 1999–2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0268.1.

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Abstract A comparison of marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is presented, with attention to their seasonality, frequency of occurrence, and strength as measured by a cold air outbreak index. When considered on a gridpoint-by-gridpoint basis, MCAOs are more severe and more frequent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in winter. However, when MCAOs are viewed as individual events regardless of horizontal extent, they occur more frequently in the SH. This is fundamentally because NH MCAOs are larger and stronger than those in t

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Newman, Paul A., Leslie R. Lait, and Mark R. Schoeberl. "The morphology and meteorology of southern hemisphere spring total ozone mini-holes." Geophysical Research Letters 15, no. 8 (1988): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl015i008p00923.

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Spensberger, Clemens, and Thomas Spengler. "Feature-Based Jet Variability in the Upper Troposphere." Journal of Climate 33, no. 16 (2020): 6849–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0715.1.

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AbstractJets in the upper troposphere constitute a cornerstone of both synoptic meteorology and climate dynamics, providing a direct link between weather and midlatitude climate variability. Conventionally, jet variability is often inferred indirectly through the variability of geopotential or sea level pressure. As recent findings pointed to physical discrepancies of this interpretation for the Southern Hemisphere, this study presents a global overview of jet variability based on automated jet detections in the upper troposphere. Consistent with previous studies, most ocean basins are dominat

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Levy, Gad. "Southern hemisphere low level wind circulation statisticsfrom the Seasat scatterometer." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 1 (1994): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0065-9.

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Abstract. Analyses of remotely sensed low-level wind vector data over the Southern Ocean are performed. Five-day averages and monthly means are created and the month-to-month variability during the winter (July-September) of 1978 is investigated. The remotely sensed winds are compared to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM) and the National Meteorological Center (NMC) surface analyses. In southern latitudes the remotely sensed winds are stronger than what the weather services' analyses suggest, indicating underestimation by ABM and NMC in these regions. The evolution of the low-level jet

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Huth, R., and P. O. Canziani. "Classification of hemispheric monthly mean stratospheric potential vorticity fields." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 3 (2003): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-805-2003.

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Abstract. Monthly mean NCEP reanalysis potential vorticity fields at the 650 K isentropic level over the Northern and Southern Hemispheres between 1979 and 1997 were studied using multivariate analysis tools. Principal component analysis in the T-mode was applied to demonstrate the validity of such statistical techniques for the study of stratospheric dynamics and climatology. The method, complementarily applied to both the raw and anomaly fields, was useful in determining and classifying the characteristics of winter and summer PV fields on both hemispheres, in particular, the well-known diff

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Aghedo, A. M., S. Rast, and M. G. Schultz. "Sensitivity of tracer transport to model resolution, prescribed meteorology and tracer lifetime in the general circulation model ECHAM5." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 7 (2010): 3385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3385-2010.

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Abstract. Atmospheric transport of traces gases and aerosols plays an important role in the distribution of air pollutants and radiatively active compounds. For model simulations of chemistry-climate interactions it is important to know how the transport of tracers depends on the geographical resolution of the general circulation model. However, this aspect has been scarcely investigated until now. Here, we analyse tracer transport in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using 6 independent idealized tracers with constant lifetimes, which are released in two different altitudes at the surface

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Liu, Y., and N. Tang. "Humidity sensor failure: a problem that should not be neglected by the numerical weather prediction community." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (2014): 6625–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6625-2014.

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Abstract. In this paper, a new issue that very low relative humidity observations exist in a deeper atmosphere layer in the low- and mid-troposphere is studied on the basis of the global radiosonde observations from December 2008 to November 2009, and the humidity retrieval productions from Formosa Satellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, referred to as COSMIC hereafter) in the same period. Results show that these extremely dry relative humidity observations are considerable universal in the worldwide operational radiosonde

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Villanueva, Diego, Bernd Heinold, Patric Seifert, Hartwig Deneke, Martin Radenz, and Ina Tegen. "The day-to-day co-variability between mineral dust and cloud glaciation: a proxy for heterogeneous freezing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 4 (2020): 2177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2177-2020.

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Abstract. To estimate the global co-variability between mineral dust aerosol and cloud glaciation, we combined an aerosol model reanalysis with satellite retrievals of cloud thermodynamic phase. We used the CALIPSO-GOCCP product from the A-Train satellite constellation to assess whether clouds are composed of liquid or ice and the MACC reanalysis to estimate the dust mixing ratio in the atmosphere. Night-time retrievals within a temperature range from +3 to −42 ∘C for the period 2007–2010 were included. The results confirm that the cloud thermodynamic phase is highly dependent on temperature a

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Nair, S. K., K. Parameswaran, and K. Rajeev. "Seven year satellite observations of the mean structures and variabilities in the regional aerosol distribution over the oceanic areas around the Indian subcontinent." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 6 (2005): 2011–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2011-2005.

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Abstract. Aerosol distribution over the oceanic regions around the Indian subcontinent and its seasonal and interannual variabilities are studied using the aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from NOAA-14 and NOAA-16 AVHRR data for the period of November 1995–December 2003. The air-mass types over this region during the Asian summer monsoon season (June–September) are significantly different from those during the Asian dry season (November–April). Hence, the aerosol loading and its properties over these oceanic regions are also distinctly different in these two periods. During the Asian dry se

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Aghedo, A., S. Rast, and M. G. Schultz. "Sensitivity of tracer transport to model resolution, forcing data and tracer lifetime in the general circulation model ECHAM5." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (2008): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-137-2008.

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Abstract. The transport of tracers in the general circulation model ECHAM5 is analysed using 9 independent idealized tracers with constant lifetimes released in different altitude regions of the atmosphere. The source regions were split into the tropics, Northern and Southern Hemisphere. The dependency of tracer transport on model resolution is tested in the resolutions T21L19, T42L19, T42L31, T63L31 and T106L31, by employing tracers with a globally uniform lifetime of 5 months. Each of the experiments uses prescribed sea surface temperatures and sea ice fields of the 1990s. The influence of m

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Zikra, Muhammad, Noriaki Hashimoto, Kodama Mitsuyasu, Trika Pitana, and Silvianita. "Seasonally Variation of Significant Wave Height for 25 Year Period Based on JMA/MRI-AGCM3.2 Wind Climate Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 862 (January 2017): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.862.67.

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The global ocean wave climate has long been of interest to the ocean engineering community because of the need for accurate operational wave data for applications such as vessel design, design of offshore and coastal structures or naval operations. Recently, there has been a major interest in wave climate changes as a result of global warming. Therefore, studies on predicting the effect of global warming on ocean wave climate are required. The objectives of this study are to analyze the accuracy and variability of global significant wave height hindcast for the 25 year period 1979-2003. This s

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16

Zhao, T. L., S. L. Gong, P. Huang, and D. Lavoué. "Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (2012): 10181–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-10181-2012.

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Abstract. Based on a 10-yr simulation with the global air quality modeling system GEM-AQ/EC, the inter-annual and seasonal variability as well as the mean climate of hemispheric aerosol transport (HAT) was investigated. The intercontinental aerosol transport is predominant in the zonal direction from west to east with the magnitudes of inter-annual variability between 14% and 63%, and are 0.5–2 orders of magnitude weaker in the meridional direction but with larger inter-annual variability. The HAT is found to fluctuate seasonally with a factor of 5–8 between the maximum in late winter and spri

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Zhao, T. L., S. L. Gong, P. Huang, and D. Lavoué. "Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 16 (2012): 7609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7609-2012.

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Abstract. Based on a 10-yr simulation with the global air quality modeling system GEM-AQ/EC, the northern hemispheric aerosol transport with the inter-annual and seasonal variability as well as the mean climate was investigated. The intercontinental aerosol transport is predominant in the zonal direction from west to east with the ranges of inter-annual variability between 14% and 63%, and is 0.5–2 orders of magnitude weaker in the meridional direction but with larger inter-annual variability. The aerosol transport is found to fluctuate seasonally with a factor of 5–8 between the maximum in la

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18

Franchito, S. H., V. Brahmananda Rao, J. P. R. Fernandez, and S. R. Chapa. "Transport of potential vorticity and Eliassen-Palm fluxes for two contrasting years: 1995–1996 (La Niña) and 1997–1998 (El Niño)." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 5 (2002): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-717-2002.

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Abstract. Potential vorticity transport (PV)-Eliassen and Palm (EP) cross sections are studied for two contrasting years: 1995–1996 (La Niña) and 1997–1998 (El Niño). The results show that the largest differences in PV transport-EP fluxes between El Niño and La Niña events occur in winter in both hemispheres, but the changes are higher in the Northern Hemisphere. PV transport-EP fluxes are stronger in both July 1997 and January 1998 than in July 1995 and January 1996, respectively, indicating stronger baroclinic activity in the El Niño year compared to the La Niña year. The changes in PV trans

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19

Menéndez, C. G., V. Serafini, and H. Le Treut. "The storm tracks and the energy cycle of the Southern Hemisphere: sensitivity to sea-ice boundary conditions." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 11 (1999): 1478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1478-2.

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Abstract. The effect of sea-ice on various aspects of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical climate is examined. Two simulations using the LMD GCM are performed: a control run with the observed sea-ice distribution and an anomaly run in which all SH sea-ice is replaced by open ocean. When sea-ice is removed, the mean sea level pressure displays anomalies predominantly negatives near the Antarctic coast. In general, the meridional temperature gradient is reduced over most of the Southern Ocean, the polar jet is weaker and the sea level pressure rises equatorward of the control ice edge. Th

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Brahmananda Rao, V., J. P. R. Fernandez, and S. H. Franchito. "Quasi-stationary waves in the Southern Hemisphere during El Niño and La Niña events." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 3 (2004): 789–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-789-2004.

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Abstract. Characteristics of quasi-stationary (QS) waves in the Southern Hemisphere are discussed using 49 years (1950–1998) of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. A comparison between the stationary wave amplitudes and phases between the recent data (1979–1998) and the entire 49 years data showed that the differences are not large and the 49 years data can be used for the study. Using the 49 years of data it is found that the amplitude of QS wave 1 has two maxima in the upper atmosphere, one at 30°S and the other at 55°S. QS waves 2 and 3 have much less amplitude. Monthly variation of the amplitude of

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Wood, T., A. C. Maycock, P. M. Forster, et al. "The Southern Hemisphere Midlatitude Circulation Response to Rapid Adjustments and Sea Surface Temperature Driven Feedbacks." Journal of Climate 33, no. 22 (2020): 9673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-1015.1.

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AbstractRapid adjustments—the response of meteorology to external forcing while sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice are held fixed—can affect the midlatitude circulation and contribute to long-term forced circulation responses in climate simulations. This study examines rapid adjustments in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation using nine models from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP), which perform fixed SST and coupled ocean experiments for five perturbations: a doubling of carbon dioxide (2xCO2), a tripling of methane (3xCH4), a fivefold i

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Ivus, H. P., and V. F. Мartazinova. "Brief overview of meteorological research in the late XX - early XXI century in Ukraine." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 19 (October 29, 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.19.2017.02.

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In the paper the review of the meteorological research in Ukraine at the end of the 20-th century – the beginning of the 21-th century was made. Researches in the field of meteorology are performed mainly by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Service of Emergencies of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa State Environmental University (OSENU) and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (TSNUK). The studies of UkrHMI scientific schools headed by well-known scientists in the field of meteorology were devoted to the development of new theori

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COSGROVE, JASON M., and LAWRENCE K. FORBES. "THE FORMATION OF LARGE-AMPLITUDE FINGERS IN ATMOSPHERIC VORTICES." ANZIAM Journal 57, no. 4 (2016): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181115000243.

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Large-scale low-pressure systems in the atmosphere are occasionally observed to possess Kelvin–Helmholtz fingers, and an example is shown in this paper. However, these structures are hundreds of kilometres long, so that they are necessarily affected strongly by nonlinearity. They are evidently unstable and are observed to dissipate after a few days.A model for this phenomenon is presented here, based on the usual $f$-plane equations of meteorology, assuming an atmosphere governed by the ideal gas law. Large-amplitude perturbations are accounted for, by retaining the equations in their nonlinea

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Luan, X., and X. Dou. "Seasonal dependence of the longitudinal variations of nighttime ionospheric electron density and equivalent winds at southern midlatitudes." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 10 (2013): 1699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1699-2013.

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Abstract. It has been indicated that the observed Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA) appeared to be an extreme manifestation of the longitudinal variations in the Southern Hemisphere, since the WSA is characterized by greater evening electron density than the daytime density in the region near the Weddell Sea. In the present study, the longitudinal variations of the nighttime F2-layer peak electron density at southern midlatitudes are analyzed using the observations of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites between 2006 and 2008. It is found that

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Doolin, Ciaran. "Norway Comes to New Zealand: Edward Kidson, Jørgen Holmboe, and the Modernization of Australasian Meteorology." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 12 (2020): E2095—E2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0058.1.

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AbstractEdward Kidson, Director of the Meteorological Service of New Zealand from 1927 until his death in 1939, was an instrumental figure in modernizing Australasian meteorology. Throughout the 1920s, Kidson promoted the methods of synoptic analysis emanating from the Bergen School of Meteorology. However, it was not until the 1930s that he began in earnest to apply these methods to weather charts for the Australasian region. This development was aided by two visits he made to Bergen and by a personal correspondence he maintained with Jacob Bjerknes during the 1930s. In 1932, Kidson presented

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Orbe, Clara, Huang Yang, Darryn W. Waugh, et al. "Large-scale tropospheric transport in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (2018): 7217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7217-2018.

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Abstract. Understanding and modeling the large-scale transport of trace gases and aerosols is important for interpreting past (and projecting future) changes in atmospheric composition. Here we show that there are large differences in the global-scale atmospheric transport properties among the models participating in the IGAC SPARC Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). Specifically, we find up to 40 % differences in the transport timescales connecting the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude surface to the Arctic and to Southern Hemisphere high latitudes, where the mean age ranges between

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Longo, K. M., S. R. Freitas, M. Pirre, et al. "The Chemistry CATT-BRAMS model (CCATT-BRAMS 4.5): a regional atmospheric model system for integrated air quality and weather forecasting and research." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 5 (2013): 1389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1389-2013.

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Abstract. Coupled Chemistry Aerosol-Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CCATT-BRAMS, version 4.5) is an on-line regional chemical transport model designed for local and regional studies of atmospheric chemistry from the surface to the lower stratosphere suitable both for operational and research purposes. It includes gaseous/aqueous chemistry, photochemistry, scavenging and dry deposition. The CCATT-BRAMS model takes advantage of BRAMS-specific development for the tropics/subtropics as well as the recent availability of preprocessin

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Ramirez-Gamboa, Jhonathan, Clare Paton-Walsh, Ian Galbally, et al. "Seasonal Variation of Biogenic and Anthropogenic VOCs in a Semi-Urban Area Near Sydney, Australia." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010047.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role in the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol, the two most important air pollutants in Sydney, Australia. Despite their importance, there are few available VOC measurements in the area. In this paper, we discuss continuous GC-MS measurements of 10 selected VOCs between February (summer in the southern hemisphere) and June (winter in the southern hemisphere) of 2019 in a semi-urban area between natural eucalypt forest and the Sydney metropolitan fringe. Combined, isoprene, methacrolein, methyl-vinyl-ketone, α-pinene, p-cymene, eucalyp

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Barret, Brice, Emanuele Emili, and Eric Le Flochmoen. "A tropopause-related climatological a priori profile for IASI-SOFRID ozone retrievals: improvements and validation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 10 (2020): 5237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5237-2020.

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Abstract. The MetOp/Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments have provided data for operational meteorology and document atmospheric composition since 2007. IASI ozone (O3) data have been used extensively to characterize the seasonal and interannual variabilities and the evolution of tropospheric O3 at the global scale. SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID) is a fast retrieval algorithm that provides IASI O3 profiles for the whole IASI period. Until now, SOFRID O3 retrievals (v1.5 and v1.6) were performed with a single a priori profile, which resulted in im

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Riordan, Allen J. "Forecasting for a Remote Island: A Class Exercise." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 84, no. 6 (2003): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-84-6-777.

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Students enrolled in a satellite meteorology course at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, recently had an unusual opportunity to apply their forecast skills to predict wind and weather conditions for a remote site in the Southern Hemisphere. For about 40 days starting in early February 2001, students used satellite and model guidance to develop forecasts to support a research team stationed on Bouvet Island (54°26′S, 3°24′E). Internet products together with current output from NCEP's Aviation (AVN) model supported the activity. Wind forecasts were of particular interest to the Bouvet te

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Cucurull, L., R. Atlas, R. Li, M. J. Mueller, and R. N. Hoffman. "An Observing System Simulation Experiment with a Constellation of Radio Occultation Satellites." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 12 (2018): 4247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0089.1.

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Abstract Experiments with a global observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) system based on the recent 7-km-resolution NASA nature run (G5NR) were conducted to determine the potential value of proposed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) constellations in current operational numerical weather prediction systems. The RO observations were simulated with the geographic sampling expected from the original planned Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) system, with six equatorial (total of ~6000 soundings per day) and s

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Cullen, Nicolas J., and Jonathan P. Conway. "A 22 month record of surface meteorology and energy balance from the ablation zone of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 229 (2015): 931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog15j004.

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AbstractMulti-annual records of glacier surface meteorology and energy balance are necessary to resolve glacier–climate interactions but remain sparse, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. To address this, we present a record from the ablation zone of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, between October 2010 and September 2012. The mean air temperature was 1.2°C at 1760 m a.s.l., with only a moderate temperature difference between the warmest and coldest months (∼8°C). Long-term annual precipitation was estimated to exceed 6000 mm a−1, with the majority of precipitation falling within a few degree

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Randriambelo, T., J. L. Baray, S. Baldy, A. M. Thompson, S. Oltmans, and P. Keckhut. "Investigation of the short-time variability of tropical tropospheric ozone." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 10 (2003): 2095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2095-2003.

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Abstract. Since 1998, a ground-based tropospheric ozone lidar has been running at Reunion Island and has been involved with a daily measurement campaign that was performed in the latter part of the biomass burning season, during November–December 1999. The averaged ozone profile obtained during November–December 1999 agrees well with the averaged ozone profile obtained from the ozonesondes launch at Reunion during November–December (1992– 2001). Comparing weekly sonde launches (part of the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes: SHADOZ program) with the daily ground-based lidar observation

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Man, Wenmin, Tianjun Zhou, and Johann H. Jungclaus. "Effects of Large Volcanic Eruptions on Global Summer Climate and East Asian Monsoon Changes during the Last Millennium: Analysis of MPI-ESM Simulations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 19 (2014): 7394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00739.1.

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Abstract Responses of summer [June–August (JJA)] temperature and precipitation to large volcanic eruptions are analyzed using the millennial simulations of the earth system model developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. The model was driven by up-to-date reconstructions of external forcing, including natural forcing (solar and volcanic) and anthropogenic forcing (land-cover change and greenhouse gases). Cooling anomalies after large volcanic eruptions are seen on a nearly global scale. The cooling in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is stronger than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), a

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Leroy, Stephen S., Chi O. Ao, and Olga Verkhoglyadova. "Mapping GPS Radio Occultation Data by Bayesian Interpolation." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 8 (2012): 1062–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00179.1.

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Abstract Bayesian interpolation for mapping GPS radio occultation data on a sphere is explored and its performance evaluated. Bayesian interpolation is ideally suited to the task of fitting data randomly and nonuniformly distributed with unknown error without overfitting the data. The geopotential height at dry pressure 200 hPa is simulated as data with theoretical distributions of the Challenging Mini-Satellite Payload (CHAMP) and of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC). The simulated CHAMP data are found to be best fit with a spherical harmonic

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Huijnen, V., J. E. Williams, and J. Flemming. "Modeling global impacts of heterogeneous loss of HO<sub>2</sub> on cloud droplets, ice particles and aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 6 (2014): 8575–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-8575-2014.

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Abstract. The abundance and spatial variability of the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) in the troposphere strongly affects atmospheric composition through tropospheric ozone production and associated HOx chemistry. One of the largest uncertainties in the chemical HO2 budget is its heterogeneous loss on the surface of cloud droplets, ice particles and aerosols. We quantify the importance of the heterogeneous HO2 loss at global scale using the latest recommendations on the scavenging efficiency on various surfaces. For this we included the simultaneous loss on cloud droplets and ice particles as well

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Paton-Walsh, Clare, Élise-Andrée Guérette, Kathryn Emmerson, et al. "Urban Air Quality in a Coastal City: Wollongong during the MUMBA Campaign." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (2018): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120500.

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We present findings from the Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign, which took place in the coastal city of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia. We focus on a few key air quality indicators, along with a comparison to regional scale chemical transport model predictions at a spatial resolution of 1 km by 1 km. We find that the CSIRO chemical transport model provides accurate simulations of ozone concentrations at most times, but underestimates the ozone enhancements that occur during extreme temperature events. The model also meets previously published performance

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Patra, P. K., S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, K. Ishijima, S. Maksyutov, and T. Nakazawa. "Comparison of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes estimated using atmospheric and oceanic inversions, and role of fluxes and their interannual variability in simulating atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (2006): 6801–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-6801-2006.

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Abstract. We use a time-dependent inverse (TDI) model to estimate regional sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2 from 64 and then 22 regions based on atmospheric CO2 observations at 87 stations. The air-sea fluxes from the 64-region atmospheric-CO2 inversion are compared with fluxes from an analogous ocean inversion that uses ocean interior observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other tracers and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). We find that, unlike previous atmospheric inversions, our flux estimates in the southern hemisphere are generally in good agreement with the res

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de Szoeke, S. P., C. W. Fairall, and Sergio Pezoa. "Ship Observations of the Tropical Pacific Ocean along the Coast of South America." Journal of Climate 22, no. 2 (2009): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2555.1.

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Abstract In October 2007 the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown sailed southward within 300 km of the coast of Ecuador and Peru, sampling surface meteorology, air–sea turbulent and radiative fluxes, cloud properties, and upper-air soundings from the equator to 20°S. Two distinct water masses characterize the coastal region: cold-pool water below 19°C in the Southern Hemisphere, and warm-pool water above 20°C to the north, with a transition between the water masses at 2.5°S. Net turbulent and radiative fluxes warm the cool water south of 2.5°S by 100 W m−2 but do not warm the equatorial water significan

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Stoffelen, Ad, Angela Benedetti, Régis Borde, et al. "Wind Profile Satellite Observation Requirements and Capabilities." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 11 (2020): E2005—E2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0202.1.

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AbstractThe Aeolus mission objectives are to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP) and enhance the understanding and modeling of atmospheric dynamics on global and regional scale. Given the first successes of Aeolus in NWP, it is time to look forward to future vertical wind profiling capability to fulfill the rolling requirements in operational meteorology. Requirements for wind profiles and information on vertical wind shear are constantly evolving. The need for high-quality wind and profile information to capture and initialize small-amplitude, fast-evolving, and mesoscale dynamical str

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Lawrence, M. G., and J. Lelieveld. "Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 22 (2010): 11017–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010.

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Abstract. Southern Asia, extending from Pakistan and Afghanistan to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, is one of the most heavily populated regions of the world. Biofuel and biomass burning play a disproportionately large role in the emissions of most key pollutant gases and aerosols there, in contrast to much of the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, where fossil fuel burning and industrial processes tend to dominate. This results in polluted air masses which are enriched in carbon-containing aerosols, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. The outflow and long-distance transport of these polluted air

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Cucurull, L., and J. C. Derber. "Operational Implementation of COSMIC Observations into NCEP’s Global Data Assimilation System." Weather and Forecasting 23, no. 4 (2008): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2007070.1.

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Abstract The next generation of NCEP’s Global Data Assimilation System became operational on 1 May 2007. This system incorporates the assimilation of global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) mission launched in April 2006. Roughly 1 yr after the launch of COSMIC, NCEP has begun operational use of this new dataset. A preliminary assessment of this observation type was performed with an earlier version of NCEP’s analysis at a lower resolution. These experiments showed positive impact w

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Longo, K. M., S. R. Freitas, M. Pirre, et al. "The chemistry CATT–BRAMS model (CCATT–BRAMS 4.5): a regional atmospheric model system for integrated air quality and weather forecasting and research." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (2013): 1173–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1173-2013.

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Abstract. The Coupled Chemistry Aerosol-Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CCATT–BRAMS, version 4.5) is an online regional chemical transport model designed for local and regional studies of atmospheric chemistry from surface to the lower stratosphere suitable both for operational and research purposes. It includes gaseous/aqueous chemistry, photochemistry, scavenging and dry deposition. The CCATT–BRAMS model takes advantages of the BRAMS specific development for the tropics/subtropics and of the recent availability of preprocessin

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Lorrey, A. M., and P. R. Chappell. "The "Dirty Weather" diaries of Reverend Richard Davis: insights about early Colonial-era meteorology and climate variability for Northern New Zealand, 1839–1851." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 4 (2015): 3799–851. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-3799-2015.

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Abstract. Reverend Richard Davis (1790–1863) was a Colonial-era missionary stationed in the Far North of New Zealand who was a key figure in the early efforts of the Church Mission Society. He kept meticulous meteorological records for the early settlements of Waimate North and Kaikohe, and his observations are preserved in a two-volume set in the rare manuscripts archive at the Auckland City Library. The Davis diary volumes are significant because they constitute some of the earliest land-based meteorological measurements that were continually chronicled for New Zealand. The diary measurement

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Lorrey, Andrew M., and Petra R. Chappell. "The "dirty weather" diaries of Reverend Richard Davis: insights about early colonial-era meteorology and climate variability for northern New Zealand, 1839–1851." Climate of the Past 12, no. 2 (2016): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-553-2016.

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Abstract. Reverend Richard Davis (1790–1863) was a colonial-era missionary stationed in the Far North of New Zealand who was a key figure in the early efforts of the Church Mission Society. He kept meticulous meteorological records for the early settlements of Waimate North and Kaikohe, and his observations are preserved in a two-volume set in the Sir George Grey Special Collections in the Auckland Central Library. The Davis diary volumes are significant because they constitute some of the earliest land-based meteorological measurements that were continually chronicled for New Zealand. The dia

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Hanna, Edward, Sebastian H. Mernild, Jacob C. Yde, and Simon de Villiers. "Surface Air Temperature Fluctuations and Lapse Rates on Olivares Gamma Glacier, Rio Olivares Basin, Central Chile, from a Novel Meteorological Sensor Network." Advances in Meteorology 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6581537.

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Empirically based studies of glacier meteorology, especially for the Southern Hemisphere, are relatively sparse in the literature. Here, we use an innovative network of highly portable, low-cost thermometers to report on high-frequency (1-min time resolution) surface air temperature fluctuations and lapse rates (LR) in a ~800-m elevational range (from 3,675 to 4,492 m a.s.l.) across the glacier Olivares Gamma in the central Andes, Chile. Temperatures were measured during an intense field campaign in late Southern summer, 19–27 March 2015, under varying weather conditions. We found a complex de

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Cucurull, L., J. C. Derber, R. Treadon, and R. J. Purser. "Assimilation of Global Positioning System Radio Occultation Observations into NCEP’s Global Data Assimilation System." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 9 (2007): 3174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3461.1.

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Abstract The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission launched six small satellites in April 2006, each carrying a GPS radio occultation (RO) receiver. At final orbit, COSMIC will provide ∼2500–3000 RO soundings per day uniformly distributed around the globe in near–real time. In preparation for the assimilation of COSMIC data in an operational framework, the NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) has successfully developed the capability of assimilating profiles of refractivity and bending angle. Each forward operator has been implemented with

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Steil, B., M. Dameris, C. Brühl, et al. "Development of a chemistry module for GCMs: first results of a multiannual integration." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 2 (1998): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0205-8.

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Abstract. The comprehensive chemistry module CHEM has been developed for application in general circulation models (GCMs) describing tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, including photochemical reactions and heterogeneous reactions on sulphate aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds. It has been coupled to the spectral atmospheric GCM ECHAM3. The model configuration used in the current study has been run in an "off-line" mode, i.e. the calculated chemical species do not affect the radiative forcing of the dynamic fields. First results of a 15-year model integration indicate that the model

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Tilmes, S., J. F. Lamarque, L. K. Emmons, et al. "Description and evaluation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2)." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 5 (2015): 1395–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1395-2015.

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Abstract. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 5, is now coupled to extensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, called CAM5-chem, and is available in addition to CAM4-chem in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2. The main focus of this paper is to compare the performance of configurations with internally derived "free running" (FR) meteorology and "specified dynamics" (SD) against observations from surface, aircraft, and satellite, as well as understand the origin of the identified differences. We focus on the representation of aerosols and chemistry. All model

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Parkinson, M. L., P. L. Dyson, M. Pinnock, et al. "Signatures of the midnight open-closed magnetic field line boundary during balanced dayside and nightside reconnection." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (2002): 1617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1617-2002.

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Abstract. The geomagnetic conditions were moderately disturbed (Kp = 2) during magnetic midnight on 10 December 1999, when the Tasman International Geospace Environment Radar (TIGER), a Southern Hemisphere HF SuperDARN radar, observed a persistent, sharp latitudinal decrease (~ 90 km) in spectral width near - 69°L. The line-of-sight Doppler velocity also rapidly declined across this spectral width boundary (SWB). The region poleward of the SWB was characterized by high spectral widths (>200 m/s), and the start of bursty equatorward and eastward flows (>500 m/s), which rapidly expanded eq

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