Relevant bibliographies by topics / Methacrylate monomers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Methacrylate monomers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Methacrylate monomers"

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Medvedevskikh, Yuriy, Galyna Khovanets’, and Iryna Yevchuk. "Kinetic model of photoinitiated copolymerization of monofunctional monomers till high conversions." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 1 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.01.001.

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Regularities of kinetics of photoinitiated copolymerization till high conversions in the systems of monofunctional methacrylate comonomers (hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)) have been investigated by laser interferometry in a wide range of experimental factors (molar ratio of comonomers, photoinitiator concentration, intensity of UV-irradiation). Kinetic model of photoinitiated copolymerization of methacrylates till high conversions has been proposed on the basis of microheterogeneity conception of the polymerization process.
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Worzakowska, Marta. "UV Polymerization of Methacrylates—Preparation and Properties of Novel Copolymers." Polymers 13, no. 10 (2021): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101659.

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More environmentally friendly polymeric materials for use in corrosive conditions were obtained in the process of UV polymerization of terpene methacrylate monomers: geranyl methacrylate and citronellyl methacrylate and the commercially available monomer methyl methacrylate. Selected properties (solvent resistance, chemical resistance, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and decomposition course during heating) were evaluated. It was found that the properties of the materials directly depended on the monomer percentage and the conditioning temperatures used. An increase in the ger
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Yu, Xinliang, Wenhao Yu, Bing Yi, and Xueye Wang. "Prediction of monomer reactivity ratios in radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 9 (2009): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008215.

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Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models are developed to predict monomer reactivity ratios (log r12) in radical copolymerization with monomers M1 (styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile) and M2 (vinyl monomers). The quantum chemical descriptors are calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G(d) basis set. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to generate Model S (monomer 1: styrene), Model MM (monomer 1: methyl methacrylate) and Model A (monomer 1: acrylonitrile). Simulatio
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Kook, Jun-Won, Yongsoo Kim, Kiseob Hwang, Jung Kim, and Jun-Young Lee. "Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate)/Perfluorosilyl Methacrylate Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Novel Approach for Optimization of Coating Process." Polymers 10, no. 11 (2018): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111186.

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In this study, the coating order of two monomers in the shell polymerization process of core-shell nanoparticles was altered to facilitate easy coating and optimize the properties of the coated surface to simplify the additional coating formulation process. To obtain a glass transition temperature suitable for coating, a core was synthesized by the copolymerization of an acryl monomer. A perfluoro monomer and silane monomer were additionally added to synthesize nanoparticles exhibiting both water–oil repellency and anchoring properties. In order to realize various surface properties, the nanop
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Sanglar, C., M. Defay, H. Waton, et al. "Commercial Dental Composite: Determination of Reaction Advancement and Study of the Migration of Organic Compounds." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 3 (2005): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300302.

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This work on organic dental composites was undertaken to determine the role of residual reactive methacrylate functions at the end of the photopolymerization cycle, and to investigate the fate of the residual monomers and oligomers in organic (ethanol) and aqueous (water and artificial saliva) media. The results show that all the methacrylate monomers present in dentine migrate into ethanol (about 1% (w/w)). In aqueous media on the other hand, only the most hydrophilic monomer (UDMA) migrates (0.05% (w/w)) into water and 0.03% into artificial saliva (pH = 9). This desorption in the three media
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Lyons, RA, and E. Senogles. "Reactivities of Monomers Towards the 1-Methyl-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl Radical." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 12 (1994): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9942201.

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The relative reactivities of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate , methyl methacrylate and styrene towards the 1-methyl-1-( methoxycarbonyl )ethyl radical have been determined at 60°C, and the results compared with those for the poly (methyl methacrylate ) radical. The results for methyl acrylate suggest that the copolymerization of this monomer with methyl methacrylate is adequately described by a terminal mechanism. Those for styrene show that the presence of a penultimate styrene or methyl methacrylate unit in a poly(methyl methacrylate ) radical leads to a slightly greater preference for this r
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Yan, Jun, Yuki Kondo, Xiao Yi Qian, et al. "Atmospheric Pressure Non-Equilibrium Plasma Deposition with Retention of Functional Group." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.537.

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A non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma was applied for the polymerization of the methacrylic monomers such as (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA)). These monomers were successfully polymerized with retaining the functional groups of ester or acid. The polymerization mechanism was discussed on the basis of the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the plasma. It was strongly suggested that the functional groups could be retained in the polymerization proceeds when the HOMO-LUMO gap of the monomer is close to the energy of Ar metastabl
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Grigale-Soročina, Zane, Elina Vindedze, Julija Kozela, and Ingmārs Birks. "Evaluation of Reactive Diluent Impact on Stability of Systems Viscosity in UV-Curable Compositions." Solid State Phenomena 320 (June 30, 2021): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.320.150.

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This study investigated the impact of various reactive diluents on viscosity of uncured mixture at 50 °C over a 12-week period. This criterion is important to predict the shelf life of uncured composition. Studied mono-functional acrylate monomers were: hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA), isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate (EOEOEA), acryloyl morpholine (ACMO), glacial methacrylic acid (GMAA) and phosphate acrylate monomer (PAM); and various solvents: isopropanol(IP) eth
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Zhang, Yaolin, Hui Wan, and Shu Yin Zhang. "Characterization of sugar maple wood-polymer composites: Monomer retention and polymer retention." Holzforschung 59, no. 3 (2005): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.053.

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Abstract In this study, sugar maple samples were impregnated with three impregnants by a vacuum and pressure process and in situ polymerized by a catalyst-thermal procedure. The effects of polymeric monomers and their combinations on monomer retention by volume (MRV) and weight (MRW) and polymer retention (PR) were analyzed and the wood was examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The three methacrylates chosen as impregnants were methyl methacrylate (MMA), hydroxyethylene methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The formulation combinations were determined by a
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Zhu, Jie, Weng Fa Xiao, Li Tao Dong, and Fei Teng. "Research on the Influence of Stiffness of Copolymer(N-Tert-octylacrylamide/Acrylic acid/Methyl methacrylate/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate/Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate) by Methyl Methacrylate and N-Tert-Octylacrylamide." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.968.

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The copolymer had been synthesized by using N-tert-octylacrylamide/Acrylic acid/Methyl methacrylate/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate/Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate as monomers.By adjusting monomers ratio,N-tert-octylacrylamide or methyl methacrylate,futher study the influence on the stiffness of the copolymer and the relationship beween monomers ratio and the stiffness.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Methacrylate monomers"

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Yong, Tuck Mun. "Controlled polymerisation of methacrylate monomers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627136.

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Zwolak, Grzegorz Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Catalytic chain transfer polymerisation in C02-expanded monomers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43548.

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Experimental data on the solubility of CO2 in methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) are reported at temperatures from 308 to 333 K and pressures in the range of 1 to 10 MPa. The corresponding measurements of the volumetric expansion of the liquid phase are also presented. The solubility data are correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state using two interaction parameters. Solubilities of CO2 as high as 80 mol% can be attained in both monomers in the range of pressure considered. A near-linear relationship is observed between pressure and liquid-phase composition. The P
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Topping, Clare. "The synthesis and polymerization of methacrylate macronomers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481545.

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Sinnathamby, Prash. "Synthesis and polymerisation of isotopically labelled methacrylate based monomers." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4519/.

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This thesis is concerned with the synthesis and polymerisation of isotopically labelled methacrylate based monomers. Chapter 2 describes the preparation of methyl [2-(^13)C]-and [3-(^13)C]-methacrylate via a Wittig-Homer type reaction and a diethyl malonate route respectively. The results of the free radical polymerisation of these monomers are discussed in Chapter 4. The presence of (^13)C-isotope in the resultant polymer enhanced the low intensity signals from the end groups in the (^13)C-NMR. However, more importantly, this study allowed us to investigate the presence of head to head links
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Kimani, Solomon Mbuthia. "Ambient-temperature copper catalysed controlled radical polymerisation of methacrylate monomers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615100.

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Long, Timothy E. "Anionic synthesis and characterization of alkyl methacrylate containing polymeric systems." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74767.

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The anionic synthesis of alkyl methacrylates has received sparse attention in comparison to the synthesis of nonpolar hydrocarbon monomers such as styrene or the dienes. The two major reasons for the sluggish synthetic development of this class of polar monomers are the protic impurities present in most commercially available grades of monomer and the inherent side reactions associated with the ester functionality during anionic polymerization. However, by very carefully controlling various synthetic parameters and utilizing rigorously purified monomers, one can take advantage of the "living"
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Ashford, Emma J. "Synthesis of water-soluble polymers via atom transfer radical polymerisation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341539.

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A study of the atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) of water-soluble, acidic, monomers was carried out in aqueous media. The ATRP of sodium methacrylate (MAANa) produced polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities (Me/M, - 1.3) at 90°C. This is the first reported example of direct polymerisation of an acidic monomer via ATRP. Previously, such acidic polymers were produced by polymerisation of protected monomers. In this thesis, copper(l) bromide and iron(II) bromide were investigated as ATRP catalysts. Both were found to be effective when solubilised by 2,2'-b
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Chen, Lan. "Polymerization of monomers within hoop pine to enhance harness for appearance grade applications /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18196.pdf.

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Ho, Sze Man. "Injectable biodegradable poly(ester-co-ether) methacrylate monomers for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497785.

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Dove, Andrew Peter. "Novel-ß diketiminato compexes of tin, magnesium and zinc as initiators for the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate, lactide and other cyclic ester monomers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404562.

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Books on the topic "Methacrylate monomers"

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Morley, Nicholas John. Simulation studies of multicomponent polymerisations involving tri-n-butyltin methacrylate: An experimental investigation of the kinetics of free radically initiated solution copolymerisations of tri-n-butyltin methacrylate with other acrylic monomers and a theoretical study of these processes by computer simulation. 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Methacrylate monomers"

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Hallenbeck, William H., and Kathleen M. Cunningham-Burns. "Methyl Methacrylate (Monomer)." In Pesticides and Human Health. Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5054-8_57.

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Suzuki, A., M. Yano, T. Saiga, K. Kikuchi, and T. Okaya. "Study on the initial stage of emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers using poly(vinyl alcohol) as a protective colloid – comparison between vinyl acetate (VAc) and methyl methacrylate (MMA)." In Aqueous Polymer Dispersions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b12131.

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Suzuki, A., M. Yano, T. Saiga, K. Kikuchi, and T. Okaya. "Study on the initial stage of emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers using poly(vinyl alcohol) as a protective colloid – comparison between vinyl acetate (VAc) and methyl methacrylate (MMA)." In Aqueous Polymer Dispersions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36474-0_6.

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Esmizadeh, Elnaz, Saeed Khalili, Ali Vahidifar, Ghasem Naderi, and Charles Dubois. "Waste Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): Recycling and High-Yield Monomer Recovery." In Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_164.

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Esmizadeh, Elnaz, Saeed Khalili, Ali Vahidifar, Ghasem Naderi, and Charles Dubois. "Waste Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): Recycling and High-Yield Monomer Recovery." In Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_164-1.

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Yeon, Kyu-Seok, Nan Ji Jin, and Jung Heum Yeon. "Effect of Methyl Methacrylate Monomer on Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin-Based Polymer Concrete." In International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018). Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78175-4_19.

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Banerjee, Avijit, and Timothy F. Watson. "Restorative materials and their relationship to tooth structure." In Pickard's Guide to Minimally Invasive Operative Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712091.003.0010.

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Modern restorative materials can be classified in several ways, in terms of their retention (chemically adhesive, macro-, micro- or even nanomechanical), their chemistry (e.g. resin-based vs. acid–base reaction, filler particles), or their clinical properties (e.g. aesthetics, strength, handling). It is essential that these materials are considered closely with the histological substrate to which they will adhere or with which they will interact, in order to understand the complexities of each system and their potential clinical uses. This chapter will outline and discuss aspects of dental materials science to enable the reader to understand and appreciate the links with relevant histology and relate this to the clinical aspects of minimally invasive operative dentistry. Also discussed is dental amalgam, still a popular restorative material among many dentists worldwide, although clinical indications for its use are becoming more limited as treatment rationales change and adhesive materials improve. This text will require supplementation from suitable dental histology and detailed dental material science texts. Dental resin composites are aesthetic, plastic adhesive restorative materials that consist of co-polymerized methacrylate-based resin chains embedding inert filler particles (conferring strength and wear resistance) and requiring a separate adhesive (bonding agent) to micro-/ nano-mechanically bond them to either enamel or dentine, respectively. However, not all modern dental composites are based purely on this methacrylate resin chemistry (see Section 7.2.6). Therefore the term ‘composite resin’ is inappropriate and should not be used. Resin composites have developed over the past 50 years, after the introduction of the acid-etch technique (Buonocore, 1955) and methacrylate monomers (Bowen’s resin—Bis-GMA (1971); see Section 7.2.2). The unset (or uncured) material consists of a mixture of several different types of resin methacrylate monomers, most of which are hydrophobic (water-hating) in nature (see Figure 7.1). The monomer chain length affects certain properties of the resin composite:… • Viscosity (or flowability) of the material. This is important in order to minimize voids trapped within the uncured composite during placement and packing within the depths of a cavity (the stiffer the consistency, the greater the risk of trapping air voids). The shorter the uncured monomer length (and therefore the lower the molecular weight), the lower is its viscosity. Often shorter-length, lower-molecular- weight methacrylate monomers form the basis of the resin chemistry of flowable resin composites, and other diluent molecules may be added.
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Ruckenstein, Eli, and Hongmin Zhang. "Monomer [1-(Isobutoxy) ethyl Methacrylate] That Can Undergo Anionic Polymerization and Can Also Be an Initiator for the Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers." In Solution and Surface Polymerization. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027420-10.

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"Figure 5: By impregnation with a methyl methacrylate monomer the erosion resistance of concrete can be improved dramatically. (US Army Corps of Engineers, 1978)." In Protection of Concrete. CRC Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482267037-207.

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Ruckenstein, Eli, and Hongmin Zhang. "Living Anionic Copolymerization of 1-(Alkoxy)ethyl Methacrylates with Polar and/or Nonpolar Monomers and the Preparation of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Containing Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrophilic Segments at Higher Temperatures than Usually Employed *." In Solution and Surface Polymerization. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027420-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Methacrylate monomers"

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Wojcik, Anna B., and Shinzo Muto. "Some optical properties of polymethyl methacrylate fibers doped with methacrylate monomers: derivatives of anthracene." In San Diego '92, edited by Roger A. Lessard. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.139179.

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Khandaker, Morshed, Yanling Li, Ping Liu, and Melville B. Vaughan. "Bioactive Additives and Functional Monomers Affect on PMMA Bone Cement: Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64369.

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The most common bone cement material used clinically today for orthopedic surgeries is poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). In general, poly Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) beads are added to MMA monomer with bead and monomer ratio of 2:1 to prepare the PMMA bone cement. Conventional PMMA bone cement has several mechanical and biological disadvantages. To overcome these disadvantages, researchers investigated several bioactive additives to PMMA bone cement, such as MgO, hydroxyapatite (HAp), chitosan (CS). Additionally, functional monomer, such as glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used in addition or sub
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Gyergyek, Sašo, David Pahovnik, Ema Žagar, et al. "Functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with methacrylate-based monomers for preparation of nanocomposites." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045929.

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Nicolescu, F. Adriana, Victor V. Jerca, Ana M. Albu, D. Sorin Vasilescu, and D. Mircea Vuluga. "Synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic polymers from new methacrylate monomers and silane derivatives." In SPIE Europe Security + Defence, edited by James G. Grote, François Kajzar, and Roberto Zamboni. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.832282.

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Wellinghoff, S. T., D. P. Nicolella, D. P. Hanson, H. R. Rawls, and B. K. Norling. "Photopolymerizable Liquid Crystal Monomer-Oxide Nanoparticle Composites." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39367.

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Methacrylate and acrylate terminated monomers can be rapidly polymerized to polymer glasses useful in biomaterials, photolithography and rapid prototyping, optical coatings and composites. Unfortunately, polymerization shrinkage results in loss of tolerance and the development of internal stresses which can be especially critical in the case of highly crosslinked glasses. Structurally complicated oligomeric mixes of dimethacrylate monomers that exhibit a nematic liquid crystal to isotropic transition above room temperature have been synthesized in a low cost one pot synthesis to surmount the p
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Holmes, Ryan R., Jennifer R. Melander, Rachel A. Weiler, Thomas P. Schuman, Kathleen V. Kilway, and J. David Eick. "Polymerization Stress and the Influence of TOSU Addends on Methacrylate Composites." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80627.

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The aesthetic appeal of composite-resin restoratives promotes their use, however their functional life is significantly shorter when compared to their metal counterparts.1 One possible reason is the effect of polymerization stress on marginal integrity. Shrinkage of the composite, and its associated stress, has been found to cause gap formation and stress interactions between the restorative and the adhesive. These gaps offer an ideal niche for bacteria, and, when compounded by the mechanical strain of chewing, can lead to premature failure of the restorative.2,3 Additionally, it is well known
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Kosnik, Sabrina, and Davide Piovesan. "Polymeric Reaction Molding of Biocompatible Materials: Lessons Learned." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8465.

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Abstract Polymeric materials are often used as structural binders for biomedical applications. The mechanical properties of the material strongly depend on the fabrication process. To this end, we illustrate a set of casting methods for the production of samples to be tested via destructive methods. The curing process of the artifact was controlled during fabrication, and the molds were also made of polymeric materials. The fabrication of molds is illustrated where particular emphasis is posed on the manufacturing and testing of silicone molds using off-the-shelf material. Cyanoacrylate (CA),
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Bhattacharyya, Arpita, and Catherine Klapperich. "Fabrication of Polymeric Microfluidic Device for On-Chip Isolation of Nucleic Acids." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75200.

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A microfluidic chip-based solid phase extraction method for isolation of nucleic acids is demonstrated. The chip was fabricated in a cyclic polyolefin by hot embossing with a master. The solid phase was made by in-situ UV polymerization of a monolithic column impregnated with silica particles, and separation was achieved due to irreversible binding of the nucleic acids to the silica particles in the monolith. The porous monolithic column was formed within the channels of the device by photoinitiated polymerization of a mixture of methacrylate and dimethacrylate monomers, UV sensitive free radi
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Melander, Jennifer R., Rachel A. Weiler, Bradley D. Miller, Kathleen V. Kilway, and J. David Eick. "Flexural Properties of Silorane Bone Cement." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53922.

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There has been little change in the formulation of bone cements since Sir John Charnley first developed them in the 1970s. Bone cements are methacrylate based systems packaged in two components [1]. The powder component contains a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), methyl methacrylate-styrene-copolymer, and a radio opacifier (either barium sulfate or zirconium oxide) [2]. The second component is a liquid monomer typically containing methyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (activator), and hydroquinone. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of bone cements range between 60–75 MP
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Ishak, Siti Atiqah, Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa, Azhar Abdul Rahman, Mohd Moktar, and Ung Ngie Min. "A study of normoxic polymer gel using monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)." In NATIONAL PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2014 (PERFIK 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4915230.

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