Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthane – Aspect de l'environnement'
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Denis, Mireille. "Dosage et mécanisme d'émission de vapeurs dans l'air au voisinage de résines usées de la centrale nucléaire Gentilly-2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29210/29210.pdf.
Full textBuhé, Catherine. "Développement d'une méthode de conception environnementale des bâtiments prenant en compte l'environnement de proximité." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS035.
Full textBourgault, Catherine. "Caractérisation et perspectives de mitigation des émissions de CH₄ issues d'un procédé de biofiltration à milieu organique traitant du lisier de porc." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22938.
Full textFriederich, Blandine. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes retardateurs de flammes à base de nanocomposites plus respectueux de l'environnement." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ012S/document.
Full textFollowing the restrictions made by the United Nations and the European Community on certain halogenated flame-retardants, the current market demand tends to move towards non-halogenated compounds such as phosphorous flame-retardants. However, it is necessary to use high amounts of material for reaching interesting fire resistance properties, resulting in a drop of mechanical properties. This led us to combine a part of the phosphorous compounds with nanoscale metal oxides, known for their ability to improve the stability of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).We have first studied the effect of nanoparticles (titanium dioxide, alumina and boehmite) on the thermal diffusivity of PMMA, in order to highlight a mode of action of these additives during the thermal degradation of PMMA. A part of these metal oxides have then been substituted by two flame-retardants based on phosphorus and nitrogen: ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP). In the obtained ternary systems (APP/MPP/metal oxide), the properties of fire resistance and thermal stability were studied and also the mechanisms involved in the degradation. Gaseous and condensed phases have been analyzed for this purpose
Daldoul, Insaf. "Développement d'une méthode expérimentale appropriée à l'étude des adsorbants utilisables pour le contrôle des émissions d'hydrocarbures lors du démarrage à froid d'un moteur." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27750.
Full textAs regulations for emissions from gasoline engines become stricter, attention has been focused on the start-up phase (cold-start), when about 70-80% of total hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of an engine are released. This phase is a short period of 1-2 min prior to reaching the minimum catalyst operating temperature, around 200°C. In this thesis, the concept of single-file diffusion (in 1-D zeolites) was employed as a feasible approach to control automotive HC emissions during cold-start. This mechanism was investigated over a variety of zeolites with MTW structures for studying their trapping ability for lighter HC molecules, which are often desorbed before the three-way catalyst reaches its light-off temperature. In this thesis, a serie of ZSM-12 zeolites which different conterions (Na⁺, H⁺, Ag⁺) and with different Si/Al molar ratios (52, 64, 80) were synthesized. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ethylene and toluene, as models of light and heavy hydrocarbon molecules, was employed to screen these synthesized zeolites as potential HC traps. High heating rate desorption experiments were performed using the Phytronix Laser Diode Thermal Desorption system (S-960 LDTD) after desorption of toluene-ethylene mixture. Three heating rates which reflect the actual heating rate of the catalytic muffler have been used for the desorption process: 3, 5 and 9°C/s. For all solids considered in this study, the two HCs desorbed above 240°C. Ag-ZSM-12 was found the most appropriate HCs trapping adsorbent. Numerically, using a transient diffusion boundary value problem coupled with Fick’s law, it was possible to explain all qualitative features of the temperature dependent desorption profiles observed experimentally. Two steps must be considered, a cage to cage jumping followed by an escape from cage to gas phase. The two steps have different activation energies with EΓ> ED. For each component, both activation energies are strongly dependent on Si/Al ratio and radius of counterions. Moreover the effect of thermal vibration of the host lattice on diffusivities was also depicted.
Rouberty, Frédéric. "Optimisation de l'analyse de résidus de pesticides organiques dans l'eau et les matrices végétales par une méthode de plans d'expériences." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE0001.
Full textParedes, Valencia Adriana. "Étude comparative de deux méthodes de fabrication de yogourt grec à échelle pilote utilisant l'ultrafiltration comme technique de concentration : étude basée sur la méthode d'analyse de cycle de vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27243.
Full textLeblanc, Florian. "Controverses économiques et environnementales autour des hydrocarbures non conventionnels : les enseignements de la modélisation intégrée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH116.
Full textFrom the perspective of economic and environmental controversies over unconventional oil and gas resources, this thesis contributes to the development of integrated modelling tools intwo aspects : their ability to reflect the long-term dynamics of energy markets ; and the consideration of the links between the economy and the dynamics of the various greenhouse gases.In the first case, a set of simulations with the Imaclim-R model highlights the economic impacts of shale gas and light tight oil through (i) the links between growth paths and technicalinertia ; (ii) the conditionality of US competitiveness gains on implicit or explained strategies ; and (iii) the conditionality of US competitiveness gains on this country implicit or explicit strategies in terms of international specialization and exchange rate regime. In the course of these simulations, we study (α) the adjustment processes towards the long-term equilibrium, looking at the conditions of existence and convergence of the model temporary equilibria ; (β) the tractability limits of a stylized model of Imaclim-R reproducing the main mechanisms.In the second case, the question of the role of methane in short and long term climate strategies is addressed. The integration of the Oscar2.2 Earth System model into the Imaclim-Rmodel is used to assess the role of methane in terms of mitigation costs and to assess the risk of emissions leakage at shale gas wellheads. The simulations show that, on the one hand, theeconomic advantage of shale gas availability can be balanced against the costs induced by these emissions leakage. On the other hand, the ambitous climate strategies aiming at limitingtemperature increases well below 2° or 1.5°C require a more instant control of methane
Michelin, Fabien. "Développement d'une méthode d'intégration de la dimension environnementale dans la relation client/fournisseur en conception : application au domaine de la mécanique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2206.
Full textThe increase of the environmental issues drives to the integration of the environmental dimension in the product design process of companies of the mechanical industry. This process has widely evolved for the last decades, since suppliers are more deeply involved into their clients' process. As they reach a high level of responsibility, they may heavily influence the product environmental performance of a final system. Hence it is required to improve the integration of the environment in the client/supplier relationship. This integration is however limited due to three main issues : (1) an organizational issue linked the low integration of the environment in corporate hierarchical levels, (2) an operational issue which refers to the reduced environmental expertise which limits the long-term integration of the environment in the product design process, (3) a relational issue which concerns the unbalanced relationship between clients and suppliers. Our research work leads to the method GECO (Management of the Environment in the Client/Supplier relationship). It supports mechanical companies though a consistent, pro-active and tailor made approach within the management of the environment with clients and suppliers. First, the method allows companies to visualize the growing clients’ environmental issues they would potentially have to face up in short and long term. Thus it provides strategic information to focus the efforts on the relevant environmental issues. Second, the method provides a roadmap which guides companies with the choice of the relevant methods and tools to respond to the clients’ requirements. Finally, the method GECO supports the elaboration of an environmental strategy adapted to the suppliers' maturity. The method was experimented though two study cases with a large company from the railway industry and a small company of the defense sector. The relevance of the method has been confirmed, especially the diagnosis part
Bergeron, Stéphane. "Analyse des estimations économiques des services écologiques pour faciliter leur intégration dans les processus décisionnels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25181.
Full textThe purpose of this paper is to understand the values of ecosystem services obtained from different estimation methods and to provide guidance to facilitate their use for landscape management decisions. In the first chapter, we present an accounting for the ecosystems rendered by wetlands in Minganie, Québec. The accounting is divided in three categories: ecosystem services, natural capital and carbon sequestration. We proceed to analyse how these values may be used in the field and suggest that further analysis of the underlying estimation methods would help in identifying their areas of applicability. The second chapter takes a closer look at three estimations methods: replacement cost, marginal benefit methods and damage avoided costs. From this analysis it is concluded that a careful interpretation of monetary values is needed to properly guide their use in the decision making process.
Dechamps, Yves. "Méthode d'analyse des risques majeurs liés aux immeubles de grande hauteur sur leur environnement immédiat." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209500.
Full textLa conception d'un IGH ne peut être effectuée sans une analyse des risques engendrés par la présence de tels immeubles sur leur environnement et sur le développement urbain. En effet, quand un événement indésirable y survient, un IGH peut se révéler être une menace pour ses occupants et son
voisinage immédiat. Les IGH sont des immeubles où plusieurs centaines de personnes sont présentes, ce qui engendre de nombreuses contraintes au niveau de la sécurité incendie notamment. En cas d'accident comme un incendie, diverses matières toxiques peuvent être libérées dans l'atmosphère, endommageant l'environnement de l'immeuble.
C'est ici que peut intervenir une méthode d'analyse des risques environnementaux permettant à un expert d'évaluer différentes situations envisagées pour l'immeuble même et son environnement. Le modèle proposé est une nouvelle méthode quantitative issue d'une approche semi-quantitative. Des matrices d'évaluation et une formulation quantitative permettent de quantifier le risque environnemental. Ce risque est déterminé pour différents secteurs autour de l'IGH car chaque environnement étudié est hétérogène et différent.
La méthode proposée reprend un ensemble de paramètres déterminés à l'aide de critères d'évaluation et de paramètres géométriques tels que la différence d'altitude entre les immeubles, la distance, etc. Nous verrons comment ces paramètres influencent le modèle et l'analyse de risques environnementaux. Un ensemble de simulations numériques seront effectuées sur un panel de cas d'études simples afin de valider le programme. Deux IGH actuellement détruits ont été étudiés avec pour objectif de comparer les résultats obtenus avec la réalité de la situation ainsi que les différentes propositions correctives. Pour chaque étude, des critiques et commentaires seront produits afin de se rattacher à la réalité des situations décrites.
The high-rise buildings (HRB) are symbolic constructions linked most often to scarce building lands, urban density challenges for big cities and the problematic of sustainable construction. However, an HRB is not limited to just these items alone: what risk impact does an HRB have on the environment? What analysis method of possible risk on the environment is to be considered for the presence of constructions?
HRB design cannot be done without any environmental risk assessment for such buildings on their environment or their impact on urban development. When an unwanted event occurs, an HRB can be a threat to its occupants and its immediate vicinity. The presence of large numbers of people in those building definitely generates a lot of problems at the level of fire safety, for example. Accidents such as a fire can release toxic materials, which will thus impact the environment of the building.
In such circumstances, a method of analysis of environmental risks come useful to experts to assess the different situations to be considered for the building itself. The proposed model is a new quantitative method which is the result of a semi-quantitative approach. Quantifying the environmental risk is made possible by evaluation matrices and quantitative formulation. This risk is determined for various sectors around HRB because every environment is heterogeneous and different.
The proposed method incorporates a set of parameters which were determined by means of evaluation criteria and geometrical parameters such as the difference in height between the buildings, distance, etc. We will see how these parameters affect the model and analysis of environmental risks. A set of simulations are performed on a range of simple models to validate the program. Two HRBs which have now been demolished were studied so as to compare the results obtained with the real-life of the situation and the corrective different proposals. For each study, criticism and comments will be produced to relate to the reality of the situations which has been described.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Full textDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Chouikhi, Houssam. "Optimisation des stratégies de maintenance verte pour les systèmes de production." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0413/document.
Full textIn this thesis, condition-based maintenance strategies are proposed for production systems of goods and services. These strategies are developed while taking into account the environmental degradation caused by the deterioration of the production system. The system is subjected to random deterioration which impacts the environmental quality. The proposed maintenance models aim to assess the system deterioration in such a way to reduce the environmental degradation. To control this deterioration, inspections are performed on specific dates. The objective is to determine optimal inspection dates which optimize a given performance criterion. Two mathematical optimization models are then proposed in this thesis. The first model considers the average total cost per time unit, while the second model considers the stationary availability of the system. The constrained optimization has also been discussed in this work where the objective is to minimize the average total cost per time unit under an availability constraint or to maximize the stationary availability of the system under a budget constraint. On the basis of Nelder-Mead method, inspection dates as optimal solutions are computed for each optimization criterion. Numerical examples are provided to show the applicability of the proposed condition-based maintenance strategies
Baucomont, Michel. "L'industrie et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020083.
Full textBouin, Frédéric. "Tourisme et droit de l'environnement." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0471.
Full textAlliaume, Véronique. "Intégration de l'environnement dans la stratégie d'entreprise : cas d'application EDF." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0038.
Full textImpacts, the preservation of nature, the safety and security of products, and chemical or nuclear installations,. . . The dynamics of this standardisation process (the definition of technical and legal standards) the development and internationalisation of environmental policies (setting up of appropriate regulatory bodies) has resulted, at least in part, in an internationalisation by those responsible for the pollution of the social costs related to the environmental damage caused. Indeed, these dispositions have mostly been lobbied by the numerous associations or environmental and or ecological movements, with the assistance of the lawyers, the support of science and economics professors, and the back up of the media, to the extent that public opinion still today is significant in shaping environmental action, and plays a crucial role for those companies accused of misdemeanours. As a result, Electricite de France, one of the largest electricity companies in the world and one of the last state monopolies, has had to adapt on three fronts : internal, national and international. At each of these three levels, the environment is one of the major factors that EDF is required to consider in order to deal with its development and future. Such environmental problems that EDF must face are obviously related to the activities of the company which generates almost all the electric energy of France, as well as supplying and distributing it to each customer's home. Furthermore, through its undertakings abroad : direct sales of electricity in Europe, export and operations of electricity generating systems, technical and financial engineering, or its "diplomatic" activity through its participation in E7, EDF is required to meet a global challenge : that of sustainable development. Hence, the environment plays a significant role with implications across the board of EDF's activities and strategy, whether in technical choices for generation or marketing of…
Gérard, Yannick. "Mémoire sémantique et sons de l'environnement." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL011.
Full textYou're walking quietly and far away you hear a barking dog. A dog? But how do you know that it is a dog? In addition, does this barking dog prepare you it to hear other sounds? Here are the two central purposes of this thesis, determine if a sound activates an abstract structure of knowledge in semantic memory, and if so, how these structures were organised? Ten experiments organised in 3 studies investigate these questions. A first study of 4 experiments in short-term priming with short context indicates that environmental sounds activate abstract structures of knowledge in semantic memory. The results suggest dissimilarities between the organisation of words and the organisation of environmental sounds in LTM. The way environmental sounds are linked (to each other) in memory are studied with a free association experiment, two experiments of free categorization and a short-term priming experiment (Study 2). They highlight that many factors influence the processing of these sounds (linguistic mediation, temporal "stress", sound categories, uncertainty about the cause of the sound). The environmental sounds seem organise as a function of the place where we can be heard together (farm, street, etc. . . ) and certain acoustic characteristics. In a third and last study of short-term priming with long context (sound sentences and auditory scenes) a maximum of these factors is controlled and the organisation of sounds observed in the second study is taken into account. The results are asymmetrical and show that a sentence facilitates the processing of congruent sounds compared with incongruent sounds, the reverse is observed when the context is a naturalistic auditory scene. The results of our study in naturalistic context are interpreted with the "pop out" phenomenon. This thesis suggests that environmental sounds activate conceptual knowledge in semantic memory used for the language and are organised in LTM in auditive scenes which do not create any expectancies about the probable sound objects in this scene and make more obvious all the unexpected sounds in this same scene
Parent, Élizabeth. "Détermination quantitative d'antibiotiques (chlortétracycline, oxytétracycline, tylosine) dans quelques types de fumiers de ferme enrichis artificiellement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26454/26454.pdf.
Full textDavid, Michaël. "La décentralisation de l'environnement : essai sur l'administration de l'environnement par les collectivités locales." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40054.
Full textMarquié, Jean-Claude. "Vieillissement cognitif, expérience, et contraintes de l'environnement. Perspectives théoriques et ergonomiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30235.
Full textGoffette, Céline. "Le contexte social du tabagisme : le rôle de l'environnement familial et professionnel." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0028.
Full textThis thesis aims at sudying smoking practices in their social context. Two environnments are studied : family context and work context
Guyon, Thierry. "Les entreprises nationales et l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33033.
Full textTomini, Agnes. "Essais en économie de l'environnement et ressources en eau." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24018.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis aims at analyzing major water issues underlying the scarcity of the resource. Actually, this resource insures various crucial functions supporting human life as well as our economical system. Thereby, within the scarcity context, the allocation of the resource among different users and across time is a harder ask. This fact leads us to make choice which can be guided by the economic tools. Thus, given the water challenges, this Ph. D thesis aims at bringing some answers to specific topics such that the valuation of total economic value, the risk of conflict, the population migration, the exploitation of groundwater conjointly with rainwater harvesting and the virtual water concept
Llerena, Daniel. "L'internalisation de l'environnement et apprentissages dans les organisations." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC11.
Full textThis dissertation focusses on the dynamic of integration of the environmental issues in the activities of industrial organizations. The development of environmental knowledge is based on double-loop learning inside the firm in order to create new theories of actions which integrate the environmental dimension. In the first part of the dissertation, the analysis of individual learning processes allows us to characterize the formation of beliefs when the agents are confronted with radical uncertainty and, thus, to precise the concept of contextual rationality. In the second part, the creation of organizational knowledge is analysed. The introduction of a cooperative structure inside the firm is central to our analysis of emergence of collective knowledge. The efficiency of the firm depends on the evolution of individual knowledge and know-how, but also on the evolution of the capabilities of the members to bring together and to combine their skills in order to create new competences in the organization. Organizational learning is then analysed in terms of cognitive cooperations between the members of the firm
Permingeat, Frédérique. "La coutume et le droit de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_permingeat_f.pdf.
Full textIn law, the challenge for the conservation of nature and biodiversity, including protection against pollutions, nuisances and risks calls for the diversification of its tools of intervention nowadays. However, the role that the customary may play in this respect is widely ignored. Nevertheless, the analysis of the usages in effect, in the society, reveals that numbers of them govern activities having a direct or indirect impact on the ecosystems. Customary glows itself with an ecological dimension and appears as a possible substitute of the state norms in environmental law. The analysis of substantive law reveals however that public authorities have not noted the interest of this usage yet in this respect. It is true that its protective vocation remains still fragile and must be confirmed in the decades to come. In addition, must be avoided the stumbling block of the traditionalism, which would consist in promoting customary by the only reverence of the past. For all that, usage remains nevertheless a promising instrument of conservation of the biosphere to which the State would be sure to open
Ferrari, Sylvie. "Étude économique des ressources énergétiques dans le cadre d'une approche globale intégrant l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10024.
Full textThe energetic system deeply disturbs biosphere equilibriums. Drawing a lesson from thermodynamic and ecological principles, the energetic system appears as an open system. It draws organized resources -of low entropy- from the environment and releases wastes -disorganized elements of high entropy. Consequently, it implies an irreversible increase of natural environment entropy. However, the control of the entropic evolution is possible if it gives up the evolution path on which it stands, and to be on its way towards a real coevolution and a flexible evolution path ensuring the perenniality of energetic patrimony for the future generations
Larouche, Francis. "Émissions de protoxyde d'azote dans une rotation maïs/soya telles qu'influencées par le travail du sol et la fertilisation azotée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24048/24048.pdf.
Full textLabadie, Pierre. "Détermination des stéroïdes hormonaux dans l'environnement : développement analytiques et applications." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12884.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Sudre, Bertrand. "Bioaérosols de l'environnement agricole et protection contre l'allergie." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0017.
Full textThe increase in allergic diseases is a public health problem. The studies on farmer's children have shown that children early exposed to farm environment are protected against allergy and asthma and few environmental factors have being yet identified. We present the microbiological and palynologic results of the bio-aerosol contamination in farming setting, its variability and its kinetic, and the results of the PASTUREmicrobio study focusing on a sub-set of farms and dwellings (farmer and rural) within the european PASTURE cohort. The level of airborne contamination of the cattle sheds in winter is 10 exposant 4 UFC/m3 for the cultivable bacteria, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] grains/m3 for graminaceous pollens, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] UFC/m3 for the actinomycetes and [10 exposant 5 - 10 exposant 6] UFC-spores/m3 for the fungal micro-organisms and spores. Factors significantly associated with the airborne contamination are the seasonal variation and the feeding distribution to livestock. The pollen concentration measured in winter in cattle shed exceeds the outdoor ones during the summer season. The contamination of farm child rooms is linked to the cattle shed's one which is diversified and significantly higher in winter compared to rural children contamination. A differential exposition of rural and farmer children to the bio-aerosols in the stables and dwellings also exist. This work highlights a high and per annual pollen exposure within cattle sheds in parallel with a high bacterial and fungal co-exposure. Those characteristics are potential factors that might explain the protective effect of farming environment against allergic diseases
Nourry, Myriam. "Essais empiriques sur la relation entre la croissance économique et l'environnement." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4021.
Full textThis research deals with the relationship between economic growth and the environment. The three empirical essays described in this work are based on the survey on the environmental Kuznets curve, presented in the first chapter. The second analyzes eight indicators of sustainable development and provides their numerical national assessments between 1990 and 2000. The comparison of trends from the varions measures shows French development was weakly sustainable, but unsustainable in the strong sense over the examined decade. The hypothesis of stochastic convergence for individual sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) missions is tested empirically in the third chapter, over respectively 81 nations between 1950 and 1990 and 127 countries between 1950 and 2003. In this context, a recent, alternative econometric methodology, developed by Pesaran (2007), is applied. Empirical results from unit root and stationarity tests suggest a limited environmental convergence process, even between OECD countries. Building on Hausmann et al. (2005) article, the last chapter identifies episodes of CO2 missions growth acceleration and episodes of degrowth over a dataset composed of 124 economies from 1950 to 2004. Econometric methods of binary variables on panel data are used to find economic, demographic and institutional determinants of such trends. Given the low explanatory power of the significant variables, the empirical study suggests the triggering of acceleration and degrowth episodes remains highly unpredictable
Grimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Full textFodha, Mouez. "Une analyse des politiques fiscales de l'environnement par les modèles à générations imbriquées." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010028.
Full textThis thesis aims at assessing the consequences of fiscal policies partaking in environmental policies. This approach is original in that different generations responsible for intergenerational externalities are being taken into account. In a first chapter, we raise the question whether conciliations between private agents' span - limited by the life cycle hypothesis - and the environment long term span are possible. This temporal op, position is a source of iniquity since agents' selfish behaviour precludes any intergenerational obliga, tion contract. The second chapter characterizes the necessary conditions for the obtention of a double dividend, i. E. An improvement of non-environmental welfare when the revenue of the tax is recycled by a reduction in the rate of social contributions. We then show how to determine an optimal combination of envi, ronmental tax and social contribution which do not deteriorate current generations' welfare. The achievement of this second dividend, compatible with the first one - the improvement of the envi, ronmental quality - lays down specific conditions with regard to the economy capital intensity. This result emphasizes how important the choices of the specifications used to evaluate the double divi, dend hypothesis are. In the third chapter, the revenue of the tax is assigned to pollution abatement. We simultaneously consider a public abatement pollution sector financed by a tax, and private voluntary contributions to the abatement of pollution. We show that, under certain conditions, this tax may lead to a double divi, dend. In a last chapter, we build an overlapping generation general equilibrium model applied to eco, nomic policies of environmental protection. We distinguish two categories of households (skilled and unskilled workers) as well as two productive sectors (standard and green). Numerical results show that the assignment of the environmental tax revenues to pollution abatement is more apt to generate a double dividend situation
Angeli, Jean-Marc. "Formulations et procédés de nettoyage et d'entretien à faible incidence sur l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30022.
Full textLalonde, Benoît. "Analyse géographique et multiniveau de l'influence de l'environnement scolaire sur la pratique de l'activité physique de jeunes élèves du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25616.
Full textBaudry, Marc. "Les options : applications à l'économie des ressources et de l'environnement." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10001.
Full textBresson-Mazet, Corinne. "Perception et action dans la catégorisation : le cas de l'environnement urbain et routier." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H019.
Full textTrivino, Arevalo Angela. "Étude environnementale comparative des procédés de valorisation du lactosérum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27923.
Full textThe residue from cheese production is whey, which has a biological oxygen demand (BOD) of between 40,000 and 60,000 mg/L. However, according to the standards prescribed by the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and the Fight against Climate Change the effluent BOD cannot exceed 10 mg/L. The high content of lactose represents an important environmental burden which obliges them to be managed. The drying of whey, the valorization of its proteins or lactose, the production of methane constitute some alternatives of valorization’s pathways. To date, few studies have been done to evaluate the environmental impact of whey valorization. The objective of this project was to assess and compare the environmental impact of four whey management scenarios. The scenarios considered were: the production of skimmed whey; the production of whey powder; the production of methane and the production of diols. Data from cheese dairies in Québec concerning energy consumption and the quantity and nature of the raw materials used made it possible to determine the environmental impact of each evaluation procedure. According to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the environmental impact was quantified on climate change (CC), ecosystem quality (QE), human health (SH) and resources (R). The results showed that the production of diols generates more environmental impact followed by the production of whey powder. The production of skimmed whey and methane results in a reduction of the impact on CC and R. The data obtained in this project could help to guide industrialists in their choice of processes for managing whey and permeate in a context of eco-efficiency.
Puel, Christophe. "Vie d'un site industriel et protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10034.
Full textThe life of an industrial site is subject to basic environmental legislation (the Act of 19th july 1976). This law governs classified facilities but is not intented to cover all legal aspects. It is hardly surprising, therefore, to find that a certain nomber of legal and regulatory provisions comply to varying degrees with regulations applying to classified facilities (pollution, damage, refurbishment. . . )
Cruchaudet, Frédéric. "Les réseaux et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33001.
Full textMarcotte-Latulippe, Alexandre. "Caractérisation des composés organiques volatils émis lors du séchage de bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23565/23565.pdf.
Full textWood drying is essential for any use as a product. In effect, the equilibrium moisture of wood must satisfy the Canadian norms (Industrie Canada, 2005). However, during this process, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted in the environment. The compositions of the VOCs as well as the effects on human and on the environment need to be the scientific community. The aim of the present research was to collect and to identify the VOCs emitted during the conventional drying process of two wood speices: black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) at medium temperature, and the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) by dehumidification with a heat pump at medium temperature. For black spruce, the total average of VOCs represent 0,196g/kgdry wood for the two experiment. The main non-polar VOCs were α-pinene (0,0435g/kgdry wood), β-pinene (0,0147g/kgdry wood), 3-carene (0,0044g/kg dry wood), β-phellendrene/limonene (0,069g/kgdry wood), β-myrcene (0,0009g/kgdry wood) and camphene (0,0007g/kgdry wood). The polar compounds were formaldehyde (0,001g/kgdry wood), methanol (0,0336g/kgdry wood), acetic aldehyde (0,0226g/kgdry wood), acetic acid (0,0145g/kgdry wood), methyl ethyl ketone (0,0149g/kg dry wood), methyl isobutyl ketone (0,0074g/kgdry wood) and acetophenone (0,0092g/kgdry wood). For maple sugar, the major VOCs emitted were the acetic acid (0,160g/kgdry wood), ethanol (0,055g/kg dry wood), propan-2-ol (0,021g/kgdry wood), butan-2-one (0,005g/kgdry wood) and acetic aldehyde (0,002g/kgdry wood). The total amount of VOCs produced as well as the effects on human health and on the environment need further investigations.
Dubois, Nicolas. "L'automobile : un espace vécu comme un autre chez-soi." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100005.
Full textThis research was aimed at highlighting the importance of affective and symbolic dimensions of the relationship between drivers and their car. This work examines why certain kinds of drivers consider their car as a place where they feel at home. We studied the everyday experience of drivers through the relationship between the attitudes toward their car, their dwelling, appropriation of car space and the existence of home and work behaviors while in their car. An empirical assessment of this relationship was realized. The results indicate that symbolic and affective attitudes significantly influence the relationship to car. They are associated with richer everyday experiences. Concerning the feeling of being at home, it is linked to ideas such as familarity, privacy, identity, autonomy and centrality and refers to a personalized and controlled space. From this point of view, two kinds of drivers were distinguished according to their attitudes towards their dwelling
Garnaud, Françoise. "La protection de l'environnement contre la résidence secondaire : mythe ou réalité ?" Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D302.
Full textThe development of the french tourism and the increase of the spare time have favoured the multiplication of the second home, since the 60's. This is still going on nowadays, through different forms (individual or collective, isolated or integrated into operations of tourist planning), corroding and impoverishing insidiousely the free, rare and fragil spaces, and the natural environment said to be protected while an intense policy of tourist development is expanding. The implantation and building of the second home are not regulated at all. However the second home contributes to the increase of the financial charges of local authorities which demand more and more important government sunsidies, and they h deliberate incentives and a revival od passion for old accomodation only can stop the waste of ground and of a public finances, and can begin the repopulation of the french country
Liétard, Cécile. "Utilisation des mollusques bivalves comme enregistreurs des paramètres de l'environnement marin côtier et profond." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066353.
Full textAmeknassi, Lhoussaine. "Stratégie de mise en œuvre de l'éco-conception : aspects techniques & organisationnels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23404.
Full textLemieux, Mélanie. "La prédiction de l'activité physique de transport : quel est le rôle des cognitions et de l'environnement perçu ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25450/25450.pdf.
Full textGaly-Lacaux, Corinne. "Modifications des échanges de constituants mineurs atmosphériques liées à la création d'une retenue hydroélectrique. Impact des barrages sur le bilan du méthane dans l'atmosphère." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30310.
Full textTaouk, Bechara. "Oxydes de vanadium supportés sur alumine-[alpha] et sur silice : caractérisation physico-chimique et aspect catalytique." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10041.
Full textGautier-Sicari, Marie-Axelle. "Les plates-formes industrielles et le droit de l'environnement : contradictions et avancées juridiques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4021.
Full textIn environmental law, the study of the legal framework applicable to industrial platforms which bring together in the same location severa related activities under distinct legal entities shows the weaknesses of the Environmental French Integrated Regulation applicable to "installations classées" when these run multiple operations. In fact two overlapping legal frameworks apply to these facilities : a private law framework resulting from the various contracts concluded between the parties and a public law framework due to the application of regulations pertaining to classified industrial facilities characterized by both the status of the operator and the operating unit. These aspects hinder an effective environmental protection, particularly when environmental risks are assessed and prevented which should be both a collective and individual endeavour. These difficulties are found again when soils have to be rehabilitated once exploitation has ceased. The ways industrialists face these legal weaknesses are therefore a learning experience
Goutailler, Gaëlle. "Contribution à l'étude du devenir de deux insecticides dans l'environnement : la cyromazine et le dicyclanil." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10248.
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