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Journal articles on the topic 'Method of a direct comparison'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Nijhawan, Dushyant, Rakesh K. Chawla, Manju Saxena, Shikha Dixit, and Vidushi Sharma. "Comparison of Blood Pressure Measurements with Direct Method and Cardell Method in Dogs." Asian Journal of Medical Research 8, no. 4 (December 2019): AN14—AN16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an4.

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2

Graham, Robert M. "Stopwatch Calibrations, Part I: The Direct Comparison Method." NCSLI Measure 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2006.11721312.

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3

ADAIR, ALASTAIR, and STANLEY McGREAL. "THE DIRECT COMPARISON METHOD OF VALUATION AND STATISTICAL VARIABILITY." Journal of Valuation 5, no. 1 (January 1987): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb008005.

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4

Li, Chun, Congfeng Liu, and Guisheng Liao. "Comparison of TDOA location algorithms with direct solution method." Journal of Electronics (China) 28, no. 4-6 (November 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-012-0752-8.

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5

Matala, Anna, Chris Lautenberger, and Simo Hostikka. "Generalized direct method for pyrolysis kinetic parameter estimation and comparison to existing methods." Journal of Fire Sciences 30, no. 4 (April 3, 2012): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904112439840.

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6

Lebedev, A. V., V. D. Sheludyakov, A. B. Lebedeva, S. N. Ovcharuk, N. N. Govorov, and S. A. Kalinina. "A direct method for preparing ethyldichlorosilane and its comparison with known alternative methods." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 87, no. 5 (May 2014): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427214050164.

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7

Kayabali, Kamil, and Saniye Demir. "Measurement of swelling pressure: direct method versus indirect methods." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 3 (March 2011): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-074.

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Light structures including highways and railroads built over potentially expansive clay soils may suffer damage from swelling. Considerable research has been done in an attempt to characterize swelling properties of expansive soils. Although direct measurement of swelling pressure is relatively straightforward, it has not drawn much interest. The present study attempts to measure swelling pressure directly. We call experimental techniques for swelling pressure other than this direct method the indirect methods. Some indirect methods require more than one soil sample and that all samples be identical. However, natural soils may not always provide identical samples. Therefore, reconstructed identical soil samples produced from natural soils were used in the present study. For comparison, the restricted swell, swell-consolidation, double oedometer, and zero swell tests were employed as indirect methods. While the restricted swell test slightly underestimated swell pressure, swell-consolidation and zero swell tests overestimated it. The double oedometer test did not provide swell pressures correlatable with those found using the direct method. Free swell data correlated reasonably well with swell pressure data from the direct method, so an empirical form was established from which swell pressure can be easily estimated.

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8

Hasegawa, Jun, Noboru Yanagida, and Mitsuhiro Tamura. "Toner prepared by the direct polymerization method in comparison with the pulverization method." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 153, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00445-2.

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9

Clark, Jenny L., David M. Barbano, and Chapman E. Dunham. "Comparison of Two Methods for Determination of Total Solids Content of Milk: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 5 (September 1, 1989): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.5.712.

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Abstract Ten laboratories analyzed 9 pairs of blind duplicate raw milk samples for total solids. A direct forced air oven method (4 h at 100°C) and a modification of the AOAC predry method (16.032) were used. Preliminary evaluation of the modified AOAC method indicated that blank determinations were necessary. Total solids content ranged from 12.0 to 14.6%. Average repeatability standard deviations (sr) of the direct forced air oven and modified AOAC methods were 0.019 and 0.017, respectively. Average reproducibility standard deviations (SR) of the direct forced air oven and the modified AOAC methods were 0.042 and 0.047, respectively. Average repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for the direct forced air oven and the modified AOAC methods were 0.149 and 0.136%, respectively; average reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 0.327 and 0.370%, respectively. Mean repeatability values (r) and reproducibility values (R) were 0,054 and 0.118 for the direct forced air oven method and 0.049 and 6.133 for the modified AOAC method, respectively. The mean test result of the direct forced air oven method (12.7293%) was comparable to that for the modified AOAC method (12.7273%). The modification of AOAC method 16.032 and the direct forced air oven method have been approved interim official first action.

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10

Badrakiya, Kinjal Mukeshbhai, Aashna Darshanbhai Shah, Mayur Goradhanbhai Makadia, Vishwal Indravadan Patel, Kinjal Prahaladbhai Patel, Kaushik Salubhai Chaudhari, and Haridas Neelakandan Nilayangode. "Comparison of LDL - cholesterol estimated by direct method and by calculation." International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research 7, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v7i8.3496.

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11

Hundsdorfer, W., and R. A. Trompert. "Method of lines and direct discretization: a comparison for linear advection." Applied Numerical Mathematics 13, no. 6 (February 1994): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9274(94)90009-4.

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12

Gabella, S., T. Allice, S. Varetto, F. Pittaluga, and V. Ghisetti. "HCV-RNA typing by direct sequencing in clinical settings: method comparison." Journal of Clinical Virology 36 (January 2006): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80836-x.

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13

Shugalevskaia, N. V., A. A. Shevyrin, and Ye A. Bondar. "Comparison of modern implementations of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1404 (November 2019): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1404/1/012123.

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14

Park, Sang-Ho, Seung-Jin Lee, Jae Yun Kim, Min Jeong Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, A.-Ra Cho, Hyeok-Gyu Lee, Se-Whan Lee, Won-Yong Shin, and Dong-Kyu Jin. "Direct Comparison between Brachial Pressure Obtained by Oscillometric Method and Central Pressure Using Invasive Method." Soonchunhyang Medical Science 17, no. 2 (December 25, 2011): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15746/sms.11.015.

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15

Lee, Su Hwan, Joo Eun Lee, Jae Yong Kim, Myung Joon Kim, and Hung Won Tchah. "Comparison of Flap Thickness Measured with Ultrasound Subtraction Method, Direct Method, and Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 52, no. 5 (2011): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2011.52.5.524.

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16

Sapinski, Andrzej. "Comparison of the sphygmooscillographic method with the direct and auscultatory methods of measuring blood pressure." Journal of Clinical Monitoring 10, no. 6 (November 1994): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01618417.

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17

Yang, Yi, Canying Cai, and Qibin Yang. "Comparison of Two Simulation Methods in Electron Crystallography: BW Method and a Modified Direct Product Method of Scattering Matrix." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 33, no. 2 (February 2017): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.09.014.

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18

Ghanbari, Reza, Khatere Ghorbani-Moghadam, and Nezam Mahdavi-Amiri. "A Direct Method to Compare Bipolar LR Fuzzy Numbers." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9578270.

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We propose a new method for ordering bipolar fuzzy numbers. In this method, for comparison of bipolar LR fuzzy numbers, we use an extension of Kerre’s method being used in ordering of unipolar fuzzy numbers. We give a direct formula to compare two bipolar triangular fuzzy numbers in O(1) operations, making the process useful for many optimization algorithms. Also, we present an application of bipolar fuzzy number in a real life problem.

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19

Pavlata, L., L. Misurova, A. Pechova, T. Husakova, and R. Dvorak. " Direct and indirect assessment of selenium status in sheep – a comparison." Veterinární Medicína 57, No. 5 (June 1, 2012): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5951-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between selenium concentration and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the whole blood of sheep and reference ranges for the activity of GSH-Px for evaluation of the selenium status of sheep in the Czech Republic. Selenium concentration and activity of glutathione peroxidase were determined in whole blood samples collected from 92 sheep in six herds. The GSH-Px activity in the samples was measured using the photometric method. Selenium in the sample was measured using the hydride technique atomic absorption spectrometry. Data on both parameters were processed using correlation and regression analysis in order to obtain reference values of GSH-Px for the indirect evaluation of the selenium status of sheep. The two variables showed a close and significant correlation (r = 0.95; P < 0.01). The regression line, defined by the equation y = 7.5857x – 121.87 (linear) or y = –0.0167x<sup>2</sup> + 11.993x – 355.57 (polynomial), allowed us to determine the GSH-Px activity of 637, resp. 677 μkat/l as equivalent to selenium concentration in whole blood of sheep 100 μg/l. Mean selenium concentration and mean GSH-Px activity found in whole blood samples were 123.42 ± 57.84 μg/l and 814.34 ± 463.64 μkat/l, respectively. In this study, a close dependence of GSH-Px activity on the selenium concentration in the blood of sheep was found. Activity values of GSH-Px were determined for use in the diagnosis of sufficient selenium status in sheep in the Czech Republic (GSH-Px activity greater than 600 μkat/l of whole blood).  

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20

Gliksman, Joseph E. "Comparison of Direct Extraction and AOAC Official Methods for Available P2O5 in Fertilizers: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 4 (July 1, 1994): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.4.795.

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Abstract Fifteen fertilizer samples were sent to 13 laboratories for determination of available P2O5. Eleven laboratories, including author's laboratory, completed the analyses. Each sample was analyzed twice for available P2O5 by the new direct extraction method, and by either of the AOAC Official Methods using direct or indirect extraction. Results were favorable for the new direct extraction method even though the range and types of samples were highly variable. The direct extraction method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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21

Dhillon, Prabhpreet K., Xinyin Li, Jurgen T. Sanes, Oluwafemi S. Akintola, and Bingyun Sun. "Method comparison for analyzing wound healing rates." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 3 (June 2017): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0163.

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Wound healing scratch assay is a frequently used method to characterize cell migration, which is an important biological process in the course of development, tissue repair, and immune response for example. The measurement of wound healing rate, however, varies among different studies. Here we summarized these measurements into three types: (I) direct rate average; (II) regression rate average; and (III) average distance regression rate. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a model, we compared the three types of analyses on quantifying the wound closing rate, and discovered that type I & III measurements are more resistant to outliers, and type II analysis is more sensitive to outliers. We hope this study can help researchers to better use this simple yet effective assay.

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22

Jiang, Z. "Direct Similarity Solution Method and Comparison with the Classical Lie Symmetry Solutions." Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 3, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.1996.3.1-2.27.

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23

Galeyev, A. Ye, A. V. Kashkovsky, A. A. Shevyrin, and Ye A. Bondar. "Comparison of nonequilibrium dissociation models in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1404 (November 2019): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1404/1/012107.

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24

HAHN, S. ‐Y, I. ‐H PARK, H. ‐K JUNG, and J. SIKORA. "COMPARISON OF DIRECT DIFFERENTIATION AND ADJOINT VARIABLE METHOD FOR ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IMAGING." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb010332.

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25

Vitali, Vito, Florent Chevallier, Alexis Jinaphanh, Andrea Zoia, and Patrick Blaise. "Comparison of Direct and Adjoint k and α-Eigenfunctions." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 2, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne2020014.

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Modal expansions based on k-eigenvalues and α-eigenvalues are commonly used in order to investigate the reactor behaviour, each with a distinct point of view: the former is related to fission generations, whereas the latter is related to time. Well-known Monte Carlo methods exist to compute the direct k or α fundamental eigenmodes, based on variants of the power iteration. The possibility of computing adjoint eigenfunctions in continuous-energy transport has been recently implemented and tested in the development version of TRIPOLI-4®, using a modified version of the Iterated Fission Probability (IFP) method for the adjoint α calculation. In this work we present a preliminary comparison of direct and adjoint k and α eigenmodes by Monte Carlo methods, for small deviations from criticality. When the reactor is exactly critical, i.e., for k0 = 1 or equivalently α0 = 0, the fundamental modes of both eigenfunction bases coincide, as expected on physical grounds. However, for non-critical systems the fundamental k and α eigenmodes show significant discrepancies.

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26

Moselhi, Osama. "Schedule compression using the direct stiffness method." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-007.

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This paper presents a new method for critical path (CPM) scheduling that optimizes project duration in order to minimize the project total cost. In addition, the method could be used to produce constrained schedules that accommodate contractual completion dates of projects and their milestones. The proposed method is based on the well-known "direct stiffness method" for structural analysis. The method establishes a complete analogy between the structural analysis problem with imposed support settlement and that of project scheduling with imposed target completion date. The project CPM network is replaced by an equivalent structure. The equivalence conditions are established such that when the equivalent structure is compressed by an imposed displacement equal to the schedule compression, the sum of all member forces represents the additional cost required to achieve such compression. To enable a comparison with the currently used methods, an example application from the literature is analyzed using the proposed method. The results are in close agreement with those obtained using current techniques. In addition, the proposed method has some interesting features: (i) it is flexible, providing a trade-off between required accuracy and computational effort, (ii) it is capable of providing solutions to CPM networks where dynamic programming may not be directly applicable, and (iii) it could be extended to treat other problems including the impact of delays and disruptions on schedule and budget of construction projects. Key words: construction scheduling, time–cost trade-off, project cost optimization, scheduling with constraints, project acceleration.

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27

(Scopus Id:57118092800), Dr Ir I. Nengah Sinarta,ST MT, and I. Made Bagastia Pinandika. "Comparison of Pushover Method and Direct Displacement Method in Earthquake Load Analysis with Performance-Based Design Concepts." UKaRsT 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i2.1025.

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The development of earthquake-resistant building designs led to developing an analysis method for earthquake loads, one of the performance-based methods. This method uses structural displacement as an approach. The purpose of this analysis method was to guarantee the structure's performance so that it will be able to withstand forces due to earthquake loads. In this paper, an analysis of a building structure's design was more reliable with applicable regulations in Indonesia and determined building performance based on FEMA 356. The study was carried out using the direct displacement method and the pushover analysis method, with the displacement targets and structure performance levels being compared with each other. Based on these results, it can conclude that the use of the direct displacement method and pushover analysis can produce almost the same displacement target values and structure performance levels. Comparison using pushover analysis design performance targets can be fulfilled so that the Direct Displacement Based Design Method can be used in structures. The total displacement value of the x-x (δT) direction is 0.300 m, and the y-y course is 0.115 m.

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28

Schott, Dominik Jan, Addythia Saphala, Georg Fischer, Wenxin Xiong, Andrea Gabbrielli, Joan Bordoy, Fabian Höflinger, Kai Fischer, Christian Schindelhauer, and Stefan Johann Rupitsch. "Comparison of Direct Intersection and Sonogram Methods for Acoustic Indoor Localization of Persons." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134465.

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We discuss two methods to detect the presence and location of a person in an acoustically small-scale room and compare the performances for a simulated person in distances between 1 and 2 m. The first method is Direct Intersection, which determines a coordinate point based on the intersection of spheroids defined by observed distances of high-intensity reverberations. The second method, Sonogram analysis, overlays all channels’ room impulse responses to generate an intensity map for the observed environment. We demonstrate that the former method has lower computational complexity that almost halves the execution time in the best observed case, but about 7 times slower in the worst case compared to the Sonogram method while using 2.4 times less memory. Both approaches yield similar mean absolute localization errors between 0.3 and 0.9 m. The Direct Intersection method performs more precise in the best case, while the Sonogram method performs more robustly.

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29

ROBERTS, T. L., and H. H. JANZEN. "COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS OF MEASURING FERTILIZER N UPTAKE IN WINTER WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-014.

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Two methods of estimating fertilizer N uptake (FNU) were compared using 11 site-years of data from four winter wheat experiments comparing different N sources, application methods and application times. Direct (15N) and indirect (difference) estimates of FNU were significantly correlated in 10 of the 11 site-year combinations. When plant uptake of applied N increased, both methods provided similar estimates of FNU and allowed treatment effects to be separated with comparable resolution. Neither method nor time of application had any apparent effect on the ability of the two methods to estimate FNU. Key words: Difference method, isotope dilution method, 15N, fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer recovery

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30

Fath, Florian, Anthony J. Blazevich, Charlie M. Waugh, Stuart C. Miller, and Thomas Korff. "Direct comparison of in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained from ultrasound and MR scans." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 6 (December 2010): 1644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00656.2010.

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Accurate and reliable estimation of muscle moment arms is a prerequisite for the development of musculoskeletal models. Numerous techniques are available to estimate the Achilles tendon moment arm in vivo. The purposes of this study were 1) to compare in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained using the center of rotation (COR) and tendon excursion (TE) methods and 2) to assess the reliability of each method. For the COR method, magnetic resonance (MR) images from nine participants were obtained at ankle angles of −15°, 0°, and +15° and analyzed using Reuleaux' method. For the TE method, the movement of the gastrocnemius medialis-Achilles tendon junction was recorded using ultrasonography as the ankle was passively rotated through its range of motion. The Achilles tendon moment arm was obtained by differentiation of tendon displacement with respect to ankle angular excursion using seven different differentiation techniques. Moment arms obtained using the COR method were significantly greater than those obtained using the TE method ( P < 0.01), but results from both methods were well correlated. The coefficient of determination between moment arms derived from the COR and TE methods was highest when tendon displacement was linearly differentiated over a ±10° interval ( R2 = 0.94). The between-measurement coefficient of variation was 3.9% for the COR method and 4.5–9.7% for the TE method, depending on the differentiation technique. The high reliabilities and strong relationship between methods demonstrate that both methods are robust against their limitations. The large absolute between-method differences (∼25–30%) in moment arms have significant implications for their use in musculoskeletal models.

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31

Del Nobile, Eugenio. "Halo-Independent Comparison of Direct Dark Matter Detection Data." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/604914.

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We review the halo-independent formalism that allows comparing data from different direct dark matter detection experiments without making assumptions on the properties of the dark matter halo. We apply this method to spin-independent WIMP-nuclei interactions, for both isospin-conserving and isospin-violating couplings, and to WIMPs interacting through an anomalous magnetic moment.

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32

Kuzmenko, Iuriy, O. M. Samoilenko, and Serhiy Tsiporenko. "MULTIPURPOSE MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR ADJUSTMENT BY THE LEAST-SQUARES METHOD." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, no. 2 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.02.029.

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The development of multipurpose measurement models is the precondition for software development for simultaneous adjustment of the large scope and complicated combinations of the measurement results by the least-squares method. Multipurpose measurement models for software can be a helpful tool for processing the final measurement results provided by different measurement methods applying the mentioned software; processing the measurement results of measurement standards comparisons, interlaboratory comparison, and calibration procedures; estimating the additive and multiplicative systematic components of measurement errors and their uncertainty; processing complicated combinations by binding or linking up of the interlaboratory comparison and calibration results in the time; simultaneous processing of the measurement results obtained by various methods e.g. by the method of direct measurements and comparisons; fast-changing the multipurpose measurement models from linear to non-linear type. Processing of the results by software based on the multipurpose measurement model algorithm can help to established a comprehensive measurement traceability network by pooling the single traceability chains.

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33

Sumner, David. "A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 2 (May 28, 2002): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1455033.

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Two data-reduction methods were compared for the calibration of a seven-hole conical pressure probe in incompressible flow. The polynomial curve-fit method of Gallington and the direct-interpolation method of Zilliac were applied to the same set of calibration data, for a range of calibration grid spacings. The results showed that the choice of data-reduction method and the choice of calibration grid spacing each have an influence on the measurement uncertainty. At high flow angles, greater than 30 deg, where flow may separate from the leeward side of the probe, the direct-interpolation method was preferable. At low flow angles, less than 30 deg, where flow remains attached about the probe, neither data-reduction method had any advantage. For both methods, a calibration grid with a maximum interval of 10 deg was recommended. The Reynolds-number sensitivity of the probe began at Re=5000, based on probe diameter, and was independent of the data-reduction method or calibration grid spacing.

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34

Parodi, Katia, and Walter Assmann. "Ionoacoustics: A new direct method for range verification." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 17 (May 22, 2015): 1540025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315400258.

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The superior ballistic properties of ion beams may offer improved tumor-dose conformality and unprecedented sparing of organs at risk in comparison to other radiation modalities in external radiotherapy. However, these advantages come at the expense of increased sensitivity to uncertainties in the actual treatment delivery, resulting from inaccuracies of patient positioning, physiological motion and uncertainties in the knowledge of the ion range in living tissue. In particular, the dosimetric selectivity of ion beams depends on the longitudinal location of the Bragg peak, making in vivo knowledge of the actual beam range the greatest challenge to full clinical exploitation of ion therapy. Nowadays, in vivo range verification techniques, which are already, or close to, being investigated in the clinical practice, rely on the detection of the secondary annihilation photons or prompt gammas, resulting from nuclear interaction of the primary ion beam with the irradiated tissue. Despite the initial promising results, these methods utilize a not straightforward correlation between nuclear and electromagnetic processes, and typically require massive and costly instrumentation. On the contrary, the long-term known, yet only recently revisited process of "ionoacoustics", which is generated by local tissue heating especially at the Bragg peak, may offer a more direct approach to in vivo range verification, as reviewed here.

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35

Drubach, D. A. "Accuracy of dementia diagnosis—A direct comparison between radiologists and a computerized method." Yearbook of Neurology and Neurosurgery 2009 (January 2009): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0513-5117(09)79113-6.

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36

Gushchina, M. O., S. A. Shalnova, Nikolay Ivanovich Gerasimov, Nadezhda Valerievna Lebedeva, and George G. Klimov. "Comparison of Titanium Powders and Products Manufactured by the Direct Laser Deposition Method." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.473.

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Ti-6Al-4V powders from two different vendors and two different fraction were compared with respect to their microstructures, size-distributions, chemistries, surface appearances. In addition, the influence of these powders on the structure and properties of products manufactured by an additive direct laser deposition method were established. The main parameters that have a significant impact on the structure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V deposited parts were established.

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37

Kloppel, S., C. M. Stonnington, J. Barnes, F. Chen, C. Chu, C. D. Good, I. Mader, et al. "Accuracy of dementia diagnosis--a direct comparison between radiologists and a computerized method." Brain 131, no. 11 (June 21, 2008): 2969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn239.

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38

Becheva, Zlatina R., Katya I. Gabrovska, and Tzonka Ivanova Godjevargova. "Comparison between direct and indirect immunofluorescence method for determination of somatic cell count." Chemical Papers 72, no. 8 (March 14, 2018): 1861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0445-3.

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39

Zintzaras, E., P. Bouka, and A. Kowald. "Biometrical evaluation of bioequivalence trials using a bootstrap individual direct curve comparison method." European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 27, no. 1 (March 2002): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03190400.

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40

Liu, Yang, Zhaoxia Liu, Huaxin Yang, and Lan He. "Direct Comparison of19F qNMR and1H qNMR by Characterizing Atorvastatin Calcium Content." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7627823.

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Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is a powerful tool in measuring drug content because of its high speed, sensitivity, and precision. Most of the reports were based on proton qNMR (1H qNMR) and only a few fluorine qNMR (19F qNMR) were reported. No research has been conducted to directly compare the advantage and disadvantage between these two methods. In the present study, both19F and1H qNMR were performed to characterize the content of atorvastatin calcium with the same internal standard. Linearity, precision, and results from two methods were compared. Results showed that19F qNMR has similar precision and sensitivity to1H qNMR. Both methods generate similar results compared to mass balance method. Major advantage from19F qNMR is that the analyte signal is with less or no interference from impurities.19F qNMR is an excellent approach to quantify fluorine-containing analytes.

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41

Konovalov, A. P. "Comparison of harvesting methods: productivity and direct costs." Resources and Technology, no. 7 (2008): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2008.1827.

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Schuster, Gerard T., and Lance C. Smith. "A comparison among four direct boundary integral methods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, no. 3 (March 1985): 850–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.392054.

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Lawrence, James F., Rajinder K. Chadha, and Cathie Menard. "Comparison of Three Liquid Chromatographic Methods with FDA Optimized Monier- Williams Method for Determination of Total Sulfite in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.1.77.

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Abstract Three liquid chromatographic (LC) methods employing amperometric detection were compared with the collaboratively studied FDA optimized Monier-Williams distillation method for the determination of total sulfite in 5 food types. The foods included lemon juice, white wine, instant mashed potatoes, golden raisins, and onion flakes. Two of the LC methods (one employing headspace sampling and the other direct injection) used ion-exchange chromatography with a basic mobile phase (pH about 10.8) and a glassy carbon electrode; the third (employing direct injection) used ion-exclusion chromatography with an acidic mobile phase (pH about 2) and a platinum electrode. All 4 methods produced similar results for the wine, lemon juice, and raisins. Results were different for instant mashed potatoes and onion flakes. The headspace- LC method and direct ion-exclusion LC method, both of which employed an alkaline sample extraction, yielded significantly higher values for sulfite in instant potatoes than did the other 2 methods. A large interfering peak with both direct LC methods prevented quantitation of sulfite in the onion flakes. All methods can detect sulfite as low as about 1 jtg/g in 4 of 5 food types examined.

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Zhao, Hui Ming, Hui Dong Cheng, Wei Hong Peng, and Zheng Zhu Dong. "Direct Coupling of NBEM-FEM for Problems of the Interaction of Ground and Foundation Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1729.

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The precision of the solution of the interaction of ground and foundation beam with the coupling method of traditional boundary element method (BEM) and FEM is usually not very high. The direct coupling model of NBEM and FEM for solving the interaction of foundation ground and foundation beam was set up firstly. Then the loads under foundation were worked out with the direct coupling method. The comparison of results between the direct coupling method and other methods proved that precision of the solution of the direct coupling method is higher.

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Macdonald, R. L., M. S. Grover, T. E. Schwartzentruber, and M. Panesi. "Construction of a coarse-grain quasi-classical trajectory method. II. Comparison against the direct molecular simulation method." Journal of Chemical Physics 148, no. 5 (February 7, 2018): 054310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011332.

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Kazmierczak, Steven C., Alex F. Robertson, Paul G. Catrou, Kimberly P. Briley, Bill L. Kreamer, and Glenn R. Gourley. "Direct Spectrophotometric Method for Measurement of Bilirubin in Newborns: Comparison with HPLC and an Automated Diazo Method." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1096–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.7.1096.

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Hedges, Dawson W., Farah Umar, Charles David Mellon, Linda Carol Herrick, Marvin L. Hanson, and Merrilee J. Wahl. "Direct comparison of the family history method and the family study method using a large stuttering pedigree." Journal of Fluency Disorders 20, no. 1 (March 1995): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)00007-g.

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Hulstaert, C. E., E. H. Blaauw, J. Schirm, and F. P. Schröder. "EM diagnostic determination of faecal viruses: Comparison of the direct staining method and the ultracentrifugation concentration method." Ultramicroscopy 21, no. 2 (January 1987): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(87)90112-4.

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Selma, B., R. Bannari, and P. Proulx. "Simulation of bubbly flows: Comparison between direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) and method of classes (CM)." Chemical Engineering Science 65, no. 6 (March 2010): 1925–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.11.018.

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Prieto Garzón, Johanna Beatríz, Álvaro Muriel Lima-Machado, and Fabiano Scheer-Hainosz. "Detection and classification of changes in buildings by direct comparison of multi-temporal LIDAR Systems data." DYNA 86, no. 209 (April 1, 2019): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n209.74248.

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This study consists in the detection of changes in buildings with LIDAR technology, for which, changes in buildings are identified,classified and quantified of two study areas mapped by LIDAR sensors, using the direct comparison of multi-temporal points clouds obtained from mapping. The process begins with the correction of errors in point cloud records after two detection methods are applied:the first one is called indirect method due to the transformation of the raster data; the second one is called direct method, of vector type.When quantifying the detected buildings, an important approximation was obtained from both methods concerning the locations of these buildings and, when estimating height and area, the direct method presented higher accuracy. In conclusion, both methods are efficient tools for observation of the real estate dynamics through different time intervals.

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