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Journal articles on the topic 'Method of a direkt comparison'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Nijhawan, Dushyant, Rakesh K. Chawla, Manju Saxena, Shikha Dixit, and Vidushi Sharma. "Comparison of Blood Pressure Measurements with Direct Method and Cardell Method in Dogs." Asian Journal of Medical Research 8, no. 4 (December 2019): AN14—AN16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an4.

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YAĞCI, Şükran, Seda TAKMAZ, Fahriye EKŞİ, İclal BALCI, and Doğukan ÖZEN. "Comparison of Direct Microscopy, ELISA and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Methods for Detection of Giardia intestinalis in Human Fecal Specimens." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 33, no. 5 (2013): 1308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2013-34075.

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3

Tüzemen, Nazmiye Ülkü, and Nihal Doğan. "Entamoeba histolytica’nın Tanısında Direkt Mikroskopi, Kültür, ELISA ve Moleküler Yöntemlerin Karşılaştırılması*." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 48, no. 1 (January 29, 2014): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.6795.

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4

ERTABAKLAR, Hatice, Serçin ÖZLEM ÇALIŞKAN, Erengül BODUÇ, and Sema ERTUĞ. "Comparison of Direct Microscopy, Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 49, no. 1 (January 26, 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.8344.

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5

Graham, Robert M. "Stopwatch Calibrations, Part I: The Direct Comparison Method." NCSLI Measure 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2006.11721312.

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6

Matala, Anna, Chris Lautenberger, and Simo Hostikka. "Generalized direct method for pyrolysis kinetic parameter estimation and comparison to existing methods." Journal of Fire Sciences 30, no. 4 (April 3, 2012): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904112439840.

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7

Lebedev, A. V., V. D. Sheludyakov, A. B. Lebedeva, S. N. Ovcharuk, N. N. Govorov, and S. A. Kalinina. "A direct method for preparing ethyldichlorosilane and its comparison with known alternative methods." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 87, no. 5 (May 2014): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427214050164.

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8

ADAIR, ALASTAIR, and STANLEY McGREAL. "THE DIRECT COMPARISON METHOD OF VALUATION AND STATISTICAL VARIABILITY." Journal of Valuation 5, no. 1 (January 1987): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb008005.

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9

Li, Chun, Congfeng Liu, and Guisheng Liao. "Comparison of TDOA location algorithms with direct solution method." Journal of Electronics (China) 28, no. 4-6 (November 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-012-0752-8.

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10

Hasegawa, Jun, Noboru Yanagida, and Mitsuhiro Tamura. "Toner prepared by the direct polymerization method in comparison with the pulverization method." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 153, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00445-2.

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11

Dhillon, Prabhpreet K., Xinyin Li, Jurgen T. Sanes, Oluwafemi S. Akintola, and Bingyun Sun. "Method comparison for analyzing wound healing rates." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 3 (June 2017): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0163.

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Wound healing scratch assay is a frequently used method to characterize cell migration, which is an important biological process in the course of development, tissue repair, and immune response for example. The measurement of wound healing rate, however, varies among different studies. Here we summarized these measurements into three types: (I) direct rate average; (II) regression rate average; and (III) average distance regression rate. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a model, we compared the three types of analyses on quantifying the wound closing rate, and discovered that type I & III measurements are more resistant to outliers, and type II analysis is more sensitive to outliers. We hope this study can help researchers to better use this simple yet effective assay.

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12

Kuzmenko, Iuriy, O. M. Samoilenko, and Serhiy Tsiporenko. "MULTIPURPOSE MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR ADJUSTMENT BY THE LEAST-SQUARES METHOD." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, no. 2 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.02.029.

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The development of multipurpose measurement models is the precondition for software development for simultaneous adjustment of the large scope and complicated combinations of the measurement results by the least-squares method. Multipurpose measurement models for software can be a helpful tool for processing the final measurement results provided by different measurement methods applying the mentioned software; processing the measurement results of measurement standards comparisons, interlaboratory comparison, and calibration procedures; estimating the additive and multiplicative systematic components of measurement errors and their uncertainty; processing complicated combinations by binding or linking up of the interlaboratory comparison and calibration results in the time; simultaneous processing of the measurement results obtained by various methods e.g. by the method of direct measurements and comparisons; fast-changing the multipurpose measurement models from linear to non-linear type. Processing of the results by software based on the multipurpose measurement model algorithm can help to established a comprehensive measurement traceability network by pooling the single traceability chains.

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13

Yang, Yi, Canying Cai, and Qibin Yang. "Comparison of Two Simulation Methods in Electron Crystallography: BW Method and a Modified Direct Product Method of Scattering Matrix." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 33, no. 2 (February 2017): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.09.014.

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14

Kayabali, Kamil, and Saniye Demir. "Measurement of swelling pressure: direct method versus indirect methods." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 3 (March 2011): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-074.

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Light structures including highways and railroads built over potentially expansive clay soils may suffer damage from swelling. Considerable research has been done in an attempt to characterize swelling properties of expansive soils. Although direct measurement of swelling pressure is relatively straightforward, it has not drawn much interest. The present study attempts to measure swelling pressure directly. We call experimental techniques for swelling pressure other than this direct method the indirect methods. Some indirect methods require more than one soil sample and that all samples be identical. However, natural soils may not always provide identical samples. Therefore, reconstructed identical soil samples produced from natural soils were used in the present study. For comparison, the restricted swell, swell-consolidation, double oedometer, and zero swell tests were employed as indirect methods. While the restricted swell test slightly underestimated swell pressure, swell-consolidation and zero swell tests overestimated it. The double oedometer test did not provide swell pressures correlatable with those found using the direct method. Free swell data correlated reasonably well with swell pressure data from the direct method, so an empirical form was established from which swell pressure can be easily estimated.

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15

Haviz, Muhammad, and Ika Metiza Maris. "Teaching Quantitative Research Method with Three Methods of Learning." Al-Ta lim Journal 25, no. 3 (December 26, 2018): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v25i3.394.

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This study aims to investigated the effect of lecture-discussion (LD), direct instruction (DI)and guide inqury (GI) to students’achievement on quantitative design research. An experimental comparison group post-test only designwas used to prove the hypothesis there is a significant difference of students’achievement on undergraduate biology education class (BEC) and master's economic class (EC)with the using of LD, DI and GI.This study used34 BECs’ student and 26 ECs’ student who take quantitative research courses in the academic year 2016-2017.The students’ achievement was measured by instrument of Research based Learning (RbL). The collected data has been analyzed by using descriptive statistics, and Chi-Square test to determine the comparison in both treatment of classes.The result of this study has shown thatχ2scores of LD(71.276) andχ2scores of DI(203.12) χ2 table α(0.05;0.01) (15.507;20.090). At the using of GI, the quality for students’ achievement scores on BEC is better than EC (standard vs. approaching standard). In conclusion, there was significant difference of students’achievement onBEC and EC with the using of LD, DI and GI.

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16

Park, Sang-Ho, Seung-Jin Lee, Jae Yun Kim, Min Jeong Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, A.-Ra Cho, Hyeok-Gyu Lee, Se-Whan Lee, Won-Yong Shin, and Dong-Kyu Jin. "Direct Comparison between Brachial Pressure Obtained by Oscillometric Method and Central Pressure Using Invasive Method." Soonchunhyang Medical Science 17, no. 2 (December 25, 2011): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15746/sms.11.015.

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17

Lee, Su Hwan, Joo Eun Lee, Jae Yong Kim, Myung Joon Kim, and Hung Won Tchah. "Comparison of Flap Thickness Measured with Ultrasound Subtraction Method, Direct Method, and Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 52, no. 5 (2011): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2011.52.5.524.

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18

Sapinski, Andrzej. "Comparison of the sphygmooscillographic method with the direct and auscultatory methods of measuring blood pressure." Journal of Clinical Monitoring 10, no. 6 (November 1994): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01618417.

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19

Badrakiya, Kinjal Mukeshbhai, Aashna Darshanbhai Shah, Mayur Goradhanbhai Makadia, Vishwal Indravadan Patel, Kinjal Prahaladbhai Patel, Kaushik Salubhai Chaudhari, and Haridas Neelakandan Nilayangode. "Comparison of LDL - cholesterol estimated by direct method and by calculation." International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research 7, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v7i8.3496.

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20

Hundsdorfer, W., and R. A. Trompert. "Method of lines and direct discretization: a comparison for linear advection." Applied Numerical Mathematics 13, no. 6 (February 1994): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9274(94)90009-4.

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21

Gabella, S., T. Allice, S. Varetto, F. Pittaluga, and V. Ghisetti. "HCV-RNA typing by direct sequencing in clinical settings: method comparison." Journal of Clinical Virology 36 (January 2006): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80836-x.

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22

Shugalevskaia, N. V., A. A. Shevyrin, and Ye A. Bondar. "Comparison of modern implementations of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1404 (November 2019): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1404/1/012123.

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23

Clark, Jenny L., David M. Barbano, and Chapman E. Dunham. "Comparison of Two Methods for Determination of Total Solids Content of Milk: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 5 (September 1, 1989): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.5.712.

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Abstract Ten laboratories analyzed 9 pairs of blind duplicate raw milk samples for total solids. A direct forced air oven method (4 h at 100°C) and a modification of the AOAC predry method (16.032) were used. Preliminary evaluation of the modified AOAC method indicated that blank determinations were necessary. Total solids content ranged from 12.0 to 14.6%. Average repeatability standard deviations (sr) of the direct forced air oven and modified AOAC methods were 0.019 and 0.017, respectively. Average reproducibility standard deviations (SR) of the direct forced air oven and the modified AOAC methods were 0.042 and 0.047, respectively. Average repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for the direct forced air oven and the modified AOAC methods were 0.149 and 0.136%, respectively; average reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 0.327 and 0.370%, respectively. Mean repeatability values (r) and reproducibility values (R) were 0,054 and 0.118 for the direct forced air oven method and 0.049 and 6.133 for the modified AOAC method, respectively. The mean test result of the direct forced air oven method (12.7293%) was comparable to that for the modified AOAC method (12.7273%). The modification of AOAC method 16.032 and the direct forced air oven method have been approved interim official first action.

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24

Vaššová, D. "Comparison of rainfall-runoff models for design discharge assessment in a small ungauged catchment." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 1 (February 6, 2013): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/36/2012-swr.

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Design discharges in a small experimental catchment in Žaro&scaron;ice (Czech Republic) were evaluated using various methods for peak discharge assessment applying 24-h storm rainfalls reduced to short duration. Rainfall-runoff models HEC-HMS based on standard Natural Resources Conservation Service hydrologic methods and KINFIL, which combines the Morel-Seytoux infiltration and kinematic wave direct runoff transformation, were used to compute runoff hydrographs. The approach of technical standard and Froehlich’s method determined the peak discharges only. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of these methods to predict design peak discharge in comparison with the data obtained from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), which is the authority for providing hydrological data in the Czech Republic. The results demonstrate that the peak discharges computed by Froehlich’s method are mostly closest to the data provided by CHMI. For the 100-year flood, HEC-HMS based on the Curve Number method showed the best agreement.

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25

Sumner, David. "A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 2 (May 28, 2002): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1455033.

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Two data-reduction methods were compared for the calibration of a seven-hole conical pressure probe in incompressible flow. The polynomial curve-fit method of Gallington and the direct-interpolation method of Zilliac were applied to the same set of calibration data, for a range of calibration grid spacings. The results showed that the choice of data-reduction method and the choice of calibration grid spacing each have an influence on the measurement uncertainty. At high flow angles, greater than 30 deg, where flow may separate from the leeward side of the probe, the direct-interpolation method was preferable. At low flow angles, less than 30 deg, where flow remains attached about the probe, neither data-reduction method had any advantage. For both methods, a calibration grid with a maximum interval of 10 deg was recommended. The Reynolds-number sensitivity of the probe began at Re=5000, based on probe diameter, and was independent of the data-reduction method or calibration grid spacing.

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26

Jansen van Vuuren, David. "Modified sales comparison method: valuing under (un)certainty." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 35, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-09-2016-0074.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to suggest a modified sales comparison model that is scalable and adaptable to value under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. The model can potentially be applied to residential property, non-residential property and large item plant and machinery in determining the value, rental or capitalisation rate. The second purpose is to address practitioner and end user bias, which if unaddressed can lead to potentially inconsistent valuation results. Design/methodology/approach Literature was reviewed on decision theory, specifically cognitive limitations, heuristics and biases. A qualitative approach is followed in the paper although the output of the proposed model itself is quantitative. Findings The paper argues that practitioners and end users alike tend to avoid advanced statistical techniques when valuing under conditions of certainty, while advanced statistical techniques would not be possible under conditions of uncertainty. In addition, practitioners can, due to the representative heuristic, be over-confident in their ability, skill or knowledge when performing valuations under conditions of certainty. When valuing under conditions of uncertainty, practitioners tend to avoid simple rule models as they consider the process too unique to be standardised. The combined effect is inconsistent valuation results unless it can potentially be addressed through an integrated and modified sales comparison model that takes into account varying degrees of certainty and uncertainty. Practical implications The proposed modified sales comparison model is an integrated model that can be adopted by practitioners in valuing residential, non-residential and large plant and machinery. It can potentially be used to value under conditions of certainty and uncertainty and improve valuation consistency. End users such as mortgage lenders and investors can benefit from the adoption of this model. Originality/value The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated and modified sales comparison model for valuing under conditions of certainty, normal uncertainty and abnormal uncertainty. The integrated model can value based on direct comparison under conditions of certainty and uncertainty while addressing the in practice avoidance of advanced statistical techniques and the implications of the representative heuristic and halo effect as cognitive biases on valuation consistency.

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(Scopus Id:57118092800), Dr Ir I. Nengah Sinarta,ST MT, and I. Made Bagastia Pinandika. "Comparison of Pushover Method and Direct Displacement Method in Earthquake Load Analysis with Performance-Based Design Concepts." UKaRsT 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i2.1025.

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The development of earthquake-resistant building designs led to developing an analysis method for earthquake loads, one of the performance-based methods. This method uses structural displacement as an approach. The purpose of this analysis method was to guarantee the structure's performance so that it will be able to withstand forces due to earthquake loads. In this paper, an analysis of a building structure's design was more reliable with applicable regulations in Indonesia and determined building performance based on FEMA 356. The study was carried out using the direct displacement method and the pushover analysis method, with the displacement targets and structure performance levels being compared with each other. Based on these results, it can conclude that the use of the direct displacement method and pushover analysis can produce almost the same displacement target values and structure performance levels. Comparison using pushover analysis design performance targets can be fulfilled so that the Direct Displacement Based Design Method can be used in structures. The total displacement value of the x-x (δT) direction is 0.300 m, and the y-y course is 0.115 m.

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28

Jiang, Z. "Direct Similarity Solution Method and Comparison with the Classical Lie Symmetry Solutions." Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 3, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.1996.3.1-2.27.

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29

Galeyev, A. Ye, A. V. Kashkovsky, A. A. Shevyrin, and Ye A. Bondar. "Comparison of nonequilibrium dissociation models in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1404 (November 2019): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1404/1/012107.

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30

HAHN, S. ‐Y, I. ‐H PARK, H. ‐K JUNG, and J. SIKORA. "COMPARISON OF DIRECT DIFFERENTIATION AND ADJOINT VARIABLE METHOD FOR ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IMAGING." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb010332.

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31

ROBERTS, T. L., and H. H. JANZEN. "COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS OF MEASURING FERTILIZER N UPTAKE IN WINTER WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-014.

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Two methods of estimating fertilizer N uptake (FNU) were compared using 11 site-years of data from four winter wheat experiments comparing different N sources, application methods and application times. Direct (15N) and indirect (difference) estimates of FNU were significantly correlated in 10 of the 11 site-year combinations. When plant uptake of applied N increased, both methods provided similar estimates of FNU and allowed treatment effects to be separated with comparable resolution. Neither method nor time of application had any apparent effect on the ability of the two methods to estimate FNU. Key words: Difference method, isotope dilution method, 15N, fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer recovery

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32

Macdonald, R. L., M. S. Grover, T. E. Schwartzentruber, and M. Panesi. "Construction of a coarse-grain quasi-classical trajectory method. II. Comparison against the direct molecular simulation method." Journal of Chemical Physics 148, no. 5 (February 7, 2018): 054310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011332.

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33

Kazmierczak, Steven C., Alex F. Robertson, Paul G. Catrou, Kimberly P. Briley, Bill L. Kreamer, and Glenn R. Gourley. "Direct Spectrophotometric Method for Measurement of Bilirubin in Newborns: Comparison with HPLC and an Automated Diazo Method." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1096–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.7.1096.

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34

Hedges, Dawson W., Farah Umar, Charles David Mellon, Linda Carol Herrick, Marvin L. Hanson, and Merrilee J. Wahl. "Direct comparison of the family history method and the family study method using a large stuttering pedigree." Journal of Fluency Disorders 20, no. 1 (March 1995): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)00007-g.

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35

Hulstaert, C. E., E. H. Blaauw, J. Schirm, and F. P. Schröder. "EM diagnostic determination of faecal viruses: Comparison of the direct staining method and the ultracentrifugation concentration method." Ultramicroscopy 21, no. 2 (January 1987): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(87)90112-4.

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Selma, B., R. Bannari, and P. Proulx. "Simulation of bubbly flows: Comparison between direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) and method of classes (CM)." Chemical Engineering Science 65, no. 6 (March 2010): 1925–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.11.018.

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Wu, Xiaoting, Min Zhang, Ruyun Jin, Gary L. Grunkemeier, Charles Maynard, Ravi S. Hira, Todd MacKenzie, et al. "A Comparison of statistical methods for hospital performance assessment." Journal of Hospital Administration 10, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v10n3p32.

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During hospital quality improvement activities, statistical approaches are critical to help assess hospital performance for benchmarking. Current statistical approaches are used primarily for research and reimbursement purposes. In this multiinstitutional study, these established statistical methods were evaluated for quality improvement applications. Leveraging a dataset of 42,199 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery from 2014 to 2016 across 90 hospitals, six statistical approaches were applied. The non-shrinkage methods were: (1) indirect standardization without hospital effect; (2) indirect standardization with hospital fixed effect; (3) direct standardization with hospital fixed effect. The shrinkage methods were: (4) indirect standardization with hospital random effect; (5) direct standardization with hospital random effect; (6) Bayesian method. Hospital performance related to operative mortality and major morbidity or mortality was compared across methods based on variation in adjusted rates, rankings, and performance outliers. Method performance was evaluated across procedure volume terciles: small (< 96 cases/year), medium (96-171), and large (> 171). Shrinkage methods reduced inter-hospital variation (min-max) for mortality (observed: 0%-10%; adjusted: 1.5%-2.4%) and major morbidity or mortality (observed: 2.6%-35%; adjusted: 6.9%-17.5%). Shrinkage methods shrunk hospital rates toward the group mean. Direct standardization with hospital random effect, compared to fixed effect, resulted in 16.7%-38.9% of hospitals changing quintile mortality ranking. Indirect standardization with hospital random effect resulted in no performance outliers among small and medium hospitals for mortality, while logistic and fixed effect methods identified one small and three medium outlier hospitals. The choice of statistical method greatly impacts hospital ranking and performance outlier’ status. These findings should be considered when benchmarking hospital performance for hospital quality improvement activities.

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Pavlata, L., L. Misurova, A. Pechova, T. Husakova, and R. Dvorak. " Direct and indirect assessment of selenium status in sheep – a comparison." Veterinární Medicína 57, No. 5 (June 1, 2012): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5951-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between selenium concentration and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the whole blood of sheep and reference ranges for the activity of GSH-Px for evaluation of the selenium status of sheep in the Czech Republic. Selenium concentration and activity of glutathione peroxidase were determined in whole blood samples collected from 92 sheep in six herds. The GSH-Px activity in the samples was measured using the photometric method. Selenium in the sample was measured using the hydride technique atomic absorption spectrometry. Data on both parameters were processed using correlation and regression analysis in order to obtain reference values of GSH-Px for the indirect evaluation of the selenium status of sheep. The two variables showed a close and significant correlation (r = 0.95; P < 0.01). The regression line, defined by the equation y = 7.5857x – 121.87 (linear) or y = –0.0167x<sup>2</sup> + 11.993x – 355.57 (polynomial), allowed us to determine the GSH-Px activity of 637, resp. 677 μkat/l as equivalent to selenium concentration in whole blood of sheep 100 μg/l. Mean selenium concentration and mean GSH-Px activity found in whole blood samples were 123.42 ± 57.84 μg/l and 814.34 ± 463.64 μkat/l, respectively. In this study, a close dependence of GSH-Px activity on the selenium concentration in the blood of sheep was found. Activity values of GSH-Px were determined for use in the diagnosis of sufficient selenium status in sheep in the Czech Republic (GSH-Px activity greater than 600 μkat/l of whole blood).  

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Fath, Florian, Anthony J. Blazevich, Charlie M. Waugh, Stuart C. Miller, and Thomas Korff. "Direct comparison of in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained from ultrasound and MR scans." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 6 (December 2010): 1644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00656.2010.

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Accurate and reliable estimation of muscle moment arms is a prerequisite for the development of musculoskeletal models. Numerous techniques are available to estimate the Achilles tendon moment arm in vivo. The purposes of this study were 1) to compare in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained using the center of rotation (COR) and tendon excursion (TE) methods and 2) to assess the reliability of each method. For the COR method, magnetic resonance (MR) images from nine participants were obtained at ankle angles of −15°, 0°, and +15° and analyzed using Reuleaux' method. For the TE method, the movement of the gastrocnemius medialis-Achilles tendon junction was recorded using ultrasonography as the ankle was passively rotated through its range of motion. The Achilles tendon moment arm was obtained by differentiation of tendon displacement with respect to ankle angular excursion using seven different differentiation techniques. Moment arms obtained using the COR method were significantly greater than those obtained using the TE method ( P < 0.01), but results from both methods were well correlated. The coefficient of determination between moment arms derived from the COR and TE methods was highest when tendon displacement was linearly differentiated over a ±10° interval ( R2 = 0.94). The between-measurement coefficient of variation was 3.9% for the COR method and 4.5–9.7% for the TE method, depending on the differentiation technique. The high reliabilities and strong relationship between methods demonstrate that both methods are robust against their limitations. The large absolute between-method differences (∼25–30%) in moment arms have significant implications for their use in musculoskeletal models.

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Schott, Dominik Jan, Addythia Saphala, Georg Fischer, Wenxin Xiong, Andrea Gabbrielli, Joan Bordoy, Fabian Höflinger, Kai Fischer, Christian Schindelhauer, and Stefan Johann Rupitsch. "Comparison of Direct Intersection and Sonogram Methods for Acoustic Indoor Localization of Persons." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134465.

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We discuss two methods to detect the presence and location of a person in an acoustically small-scale room and compare the performances for a simulated person in distances between 1 and 2 m. The first method is Direct Intersection, which determines a coordinate point based on the intersection of spheroids defined by observed distances of high-intensity reverberations. The second method, Sonogram analysis, overlays all channels’ room impulse responses to generate an intensity map for the observed environment. We demonstrate that the former method has lower computational complexity that almost halves the execution time in the best observed case, but about 7 times slower in the worst case compared to the Sonogram method while using 2.4 times less memory. Both approaches yield similar mean absolute localization errors between 0.3 and 0.9 m. The Direct Intersection method performs more precise in the best case, while the Sonogram method performs more robustly.

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Wiant Jr., Harry V., Geoffrey B. Wood, and Robert R. Forslund. "Comparison of centroid and paracone estimates of tree volume." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-099.

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The use of the centroid and paracone methods for deriving the volume of 957 sample trees from four data sets was compared. The four data sets were as follows: Australian radiata pine (Pinusradiata D. Don) (114 trees); six species of Australian commercial hardwoods (140 trees); and two sets of Appalachian hardwoods, one comprising four species (538 trees) and the other 13 species (165 trees). Comparable accuracies of prediction were achieved with both methods, although the paracone method was slightly better for all data sets except radiata pine when predicting total volume. The similarity in the predictions was shown to be a direct result of the similarity in the total volume equations of the two methods. The centroid method consistently predicted merchantable volumes better than the paracone method, which had a tendency to give poorer estimates for smaller stems as the merchantable height decreased.

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Ayop, Razman, Chee Wei Tan, and Cheng Siong Lim. "The Resistance Comparison Method Using Integral Controller for Photovoltaic Emulator." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp820-828.

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<span>A Photovoltaic (PV) emulator is a device that produces a similar output as the PV module and it is useful for testing the PV generation system. This paper present a new and simple control strategy for the PV emulator using the combination of the Resistance Comparison Method with the Integral Controller. The closed-loop buck converter system with the current-mode controlled and the single diode model are used for the PV emulator. The results obtained from the proposed PV emulator are compared with the conventional PV emulator using the Direct Referencing Method as the control strategy. The proposed PV emulator produces a more accurate output, 74 % faster transient response, and a lower output voltage ripple compared to the conventional PV emulator.</span>

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Maggi, L., G. Giunta, L. Cuniberti, R. Sanchez, and H. Baglivo. "COMPARISON OF A DIRECT METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF LDL, HDL AND VLDL CHOLESTEROL WITH TRADITIONAL COLORIMETRIC METHODS." Atherosclerosis Supplements 9, no. 1 (May 2008): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70617-2.

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O'Malley, Brian P., Joseph D. Schmitt, Jeremy P. Holden, and Brian C. Weidel. "Comparison of Specimen- and Image-Based Morphometrics for Cisco." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-029.

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Abstract Morphometric data from fish are typically generated using one of two methods: direct measurements made on a specimen or extraction of distances from a digital picture. We compared data on 12 morphometrics collected with these two methods on the same collection of Cisco Coregonus artedi from Lake Ontario, North America, to assess the degree of bias in measurements made directly on a specimen- vs. an image-based method. We also assessed the degree of reproducibility within the image-based method by evaluating the amount of variation between different analysts for each morphometric method. Our results indicate specific morphometrics may be more prone to bias across the two methods and between analysts. Four of 12 morphometrics evaluated showed significant deviation from a 1:1 relationship that would be expected if the imaged-based method produced accurate specimen-based measurements. Pelvic fin length and pelvic–anal fin distance had the highest between-analyst variation for image-based landmarks, indicating low reproducibility for these metrics, compared with pectoral fin or total length, which had lower between-analyst variation. Although some morphometric measurements can be accurately obtained with either method, and therefore potentially used interchangeably in studies on Cisco morphology, our findings highlight the importance of considering method bias in morphometric studies that use data collected by different methods.

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Gliksman, Joseph E. "Comparison of Direct Extraction and AOAC Official Methods for Available P2O5 in Fertilizers: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 4 (July 1, 1994): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.4.795.

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Abstract Fifteen fertilizer samples were sent to 13 laboratories for determination of available P2O5. Eleven laboratories, including author's laboratory, completed the analyses. Each sample was analyzed twice for available P2O5 by the new direct extraction method, and by either of the AOAC Official Methods using direct or indirect extraction. Results were favorable for the new direct extraction method even though the range and types of samples were highly variable. The direct extraction method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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Manduchi, Elisabetta, L. Marie Scearce, John E. Brestelli, Gregory R. Grant, Klaus H. Kaestner, and Christian J. Stoeckert. "Comparison of different labeling methods for two-channel high-density microarray experiments." Physiological Genomics 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2002): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00120.2001.

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In this report we evaluate three methods for labeling nucleic acids to be hybridized to a cDNA microarray: direct labeling, indirect amino-allyl labeling, and the dendrimer labeling method (Genisphere). The dendrimer method requires the smallest quantity of sample, 2.5 μg of total RNA compared with 20 μg with the direct or indirect methods. Therefore, we wanted to know whether the performance of the dendrimer method is comparable to the other methods, or whether significant information is lost. Performance can be considered in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range, and reproducibility of the quantitative signals for gene intensity. We compared the three labeling methods by generating three sets of eight self-to-self hybridizations using the same total RNA sample in all cases (“replicate study”). In our analysis, we controlled for the effects of print-tip and background subtraction biases. We also performed a smaller study, namely, a dilution series study with five dilution points per labeling method, to evaluate one aspect of predictive ability. From the replicate study, the dendrimer method appeared to perform as well, and often better, with respect to reproducibility and ability to detect expression. However, in the dilution series study, this method was outperformed by the other two in terms of predictive ability and did not perform very well. These findings are helping to guide our decisions on what labeling method to use for subsequent studies, based on the purpose of a specific study and its limitations in terms of available material.

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Somensi, Rute Merlo, Rita Catalina Aquino Caregnato, Gustavo Henrique Cervi, and Cecilia Dias Flores. "Workload: a comparison between the online and observational methods." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 4 (August 2018): 1850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0313.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To measure nursing Workload (WL) of nurses who work in the Inpatient Unit, as recommended by the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), comparing observational and online methods to propose supervision strategies for academic professionals. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, observational study performed in a Clinical/Surgical Hospital Unit. 30 direct and indirect activities. Data collected in observational and online records. Statistical analysis: SPSS 18.0 software, percentage frequencies and associated times between groups by Fisher's Exact test, 95% confidence interval, significance level 5%. Results: Comparing the activities performed with the NIC time: from the direct 16, five observational and five online, were out of range, with no significant difference between frequencies (P=0.427). Of the 14 indirect, only in the observational, two were out of the range, without significant difference (P=0.486). Conclusion: Both methods measure WL; the online method developed accompanies activities performed in real time.

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Ghanbari, Reza, Khatere Ghorbani-Moghadam, and Nezam Mahdavi-Amiri. "A Direct Method to Compare Bipolar LR Fuzzy Numbers." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9578270.

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We propose a new method for ordering bipolar fuzzy numbers. In this method, for comparison of bipolar LR fuzzy numbers, we use an extension of Kerre’s method being used in ordering of unipolar fuzzy numbers. We give a direct formula to compare two bipolar triangular fuzzy numbers in O(1) operations, making the process useful for many optimization algorithms. Also, we present an application of bipolar fuzzy number in a real life problem.

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Singh, V. P., C. Corradini, and F. Melone. "A Comparison of Some Methods of Deriving the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph." Hydrology Research 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1985.0001.

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The geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) proposed by Gupta et al. (1980) was compared with the IUH derived by commonly used time-area and Nash methods. This comparison was performed by analyzing the effective rainfall-direct runoff relationship for four large basins in Central Italy ranging in area from 934 to 4,147 km2. The Nash method was found to be the most accurate of the three methods. The geomorphological method, with only one parameter estimated in advance from the observed data, was found to be little less accurate than the Nash method which has two parameters determined from observations. Furthermore, if the geomorphological and Nash methods employed the same information represented by basin lag, then they produced similar accuracy provided the other Nash parameter, expressed by the product of peak flow and time to peak, was empirically assessed within a wide range of values. It was concluded that it was more appropriate to use the geomorphological method for ungaged basins and the Nash method for gaged basins.

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Iñigo, J., F. Escribá, J. Carrasco, J. Encarnación, M. Fas, and M. Barberá. "Measurement of cardiac output in children: comparison between direct Fick method and pressure recording analytical method: preliminary report." Critical Care 19, Suppl 1 (2015): P170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc14250.

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