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1
Pacheco, Catarina, Pedro Oliveira, Daniel Miranda, and Diana Adrião. "Uncommon haemorrhagic shock following helium asphyxiation." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 12 (2024): e261652. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-261652.
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Helium asphyxiation as a method of suicide is an emerging health concern that demands the attention of healthcare professionals. This case report details the management of a young women who committed suicide via helium asphyxiation, resulting in a catastrophic haemorrhagic complication. Death from helium intoxication is a preventable public health issue that may not be detected by standard autopsy procedures unless specifically suspected. This report underscores a potential new complication associated with helium asphyxiation.
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Ormiston, Cameron K., Wayne R. Lawrence, Saanie Sulley, et al. "Trends in Adolescent Suicide by Method in the US, 1999-2020." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 3 (2024): e244427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4427.
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ImportanceAdolescent suicide in the US is a major public health problem, yet temporal trends in suicide methods by demographics are understudied.ObjectiveTo examine national trends in suicide mortality by method (firearm, poisoning, hanging and asphyxiation, and all other means) from 1999 to 2020 by demographic characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study used national death certificate data of adolescent (aged 10-19 years) suicide decedents compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from April 1, 2023, to July 9, 2023.ExposuresAge, sex, and race and ethnicity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrends in age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates were estimated by age, sex, and race and ethnicity for each suicide method.ResultsThis study assessed data from 47 217 adolescent suicide decedents. From 1999 to 2020, suicide by firearm (AAPC, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.1-1.9), poisoning (AAPC, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-4.4), hanging and asphyxiation (AAPC, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.2-4.6), and other means (AAPC, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-4.6) increased. Rapidly increasing rates were observed among female adolescents for poisoning (AAPC, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7) and hanging and asphyxiation (AAPC, 5.9; 95% CI, 5.0-6.8) suicides. From 2007 to 2020, firearm suicides sharply increased among female (annual percent change [APC], 7.8; 95% CI, 6.0-9.5) and male (APC, 5.3; 95% CI, 4.3-6.3) adolescents. Firearm suicide rates increased among Black adolescents from 2012 to 2020 (APC, 14.5; 95% CI, 9.7-19.5), Asian and Pacific Islander adolescents from 2008 to 2020 (APC, 12.0; 95% CI, 9.7-14.5), American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents from 2014 to 2020 (APC, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.6-19.3), and Hispanic or Latino adolescents from 2011 to 2020 (APC, 10.2; 95% CI, 6.3-13.8). During the study period, Black adolescents had the highest average increase in hanging and asphyxiation suicides (AAPC, 4.2; 95% CI, 3.2-5.2). From 2011 to 2020, poisoning suicide deaths increased (APC, 12.6; 95% CI, 8.5-16.7) among female adolescents.Conclusions and RelevanceSuicide rates increased across all methods from 1999 to 2020. Differences were noted by sex, age, and race and ethnicity. Increasing suicide rates among racial and ethnic minoritized youth are especially concerning, and effective prevention strategies are urgently needed.
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Li, Qianqian, Qingzhou Yang, Wei Liu, Ping Dai, and Yuenan Yang. "Poisoning and Asphyxiation Risk Assessment in a Steel Plant Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network." Processes 12, no. 10 (2024): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12102102.
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There is a lack of a quantitative assessment of the risk factors associated with poisoning and asphyxiation accidents in steel enterprises, especially the insufficient treatment of uncertainty in risk analysis. To address this issue, this work proposed a risk assessment method based on fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN), which established a risk assessment indicator system for poisoning and asphyxiation from four aspects, including human, material, environmental, and management factors, and illustrated the relationship between these risk factors through fault tree analysis (FTA). Taking a steel plant in China as an example, fuzzy set theory (FST) and expert surveys were combined to determine the prior probabilities and conditional probabilities of Bayesian network (BN) nodes. The results show that (i) the probability of poisoning and asphyxiation accidents in this steel plant is 74%; (ii) among the various influencing factors, defective or inadequate monitoring and alarm devices, isolation devices, equipment inspection systems, and toxic gas operation management are identified as the critical contributors; and (iii) this accident probability has decreased to 47% after rectification measures and reassessment. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for steel enterprises in preventing poisoning and asphyxiation accidents.
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AMOS, T., L. APPLEBY, and K. KIERNAN. "Changes in rates of suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in England and Wales." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 5 (2001): 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003920.
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Background. Self-asphyxiation using car exhaust gas is a common method of suicide in England and Wales, particularly in young males. The introduction of catalytic converters has reduced the toxicity of car exhausts. The main aims of the study were: to seek evidence of a fall in car exhaust suicides in the general population and in age and gender groups; to relate any fall to changes in car exhaust systems, particularly since legislation on car exhaust emissions in 1993; and to examine rates of suicide by other methods for evidence of method substitution.Methods. Population study in England and Wales using national suicide statistics for 1987 to 1998.Results. There was a fall in suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in all age and gender groups. This change was most marked after 1993. The overall population suicide rate (all methods) also fell but there was no overall change in suicides by young males or females. In these groups suicide by hanging increased.Conclusions. Legislation on catalytic converters appears to have contributed to a fall in car exhaust suicides. However, the effect on overall suicide rates in young people has been reduced by method substitution.
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Park, Sung-Wook, Seok-Ran Yeom, Sang-kyoon Han, et al. "Attempted Suicide by Nitrogen Gas Asphyxiation: A Case Report." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 15, no. 1 (2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.15.1.47.
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Nitrogen is an inert gas that is harmless to humans under normal conditions. While it is not inherently toxic, nitrogen gas becomes dangerous when it displaces oxygen, resulting in suffocation. Herein, we report a case of a 34-year-old man who attempted suicide by nitrogen asphyxiation who presenting with decreased mental function and agitation. Lactic acidosis and hyperammonemia were observed on presentation at the emergency department, but these improved after a few hours. After 2 days, the patient regained full consciousness, and was discharged without any complications. Survival after asphyxiation due to nitrogen gas is very rare, and these patients are more likely to have poorer outcomes. There is a potential for the increasing use of nitrogen gas as a method of committing suicide because of the ease of access to this gas.
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Yakovtsova, Iryna, Olexandr Hurov, Vadym Nikonov, Sergii Kursov, Dmytro Hladkykh, and Svitlana Danyliuk. "Diagnostics of mechanical asphyxia – experience of foreign countries (literature review)." ScienceRise: Medical Science, no. 3(42) (May 31, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2021.233034.
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The aim of this study is to establish modern, global trends in the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia.
 Materials and methods: search and bibliographic method (theoretical analysis, systematization and classification of library catalogues, printed and electronic sources on mechanical asphyxia) from open anchor databases Scopus preview, Web of Science and using information retrieval systems Google Scholar, Open Ukrainian Citation Index (OUCI), ScienceDirect on the Internet.
 Results: mechanical asphyxia, as one of the most common types of violent death, ranks first among deaths from mechanical injuries. Its study is of great interest among medical scientists in various fields, especially for resuscitators and forensic experts. Establishing the causes of asphyxia, clinical and morphological manifestations, and the consequences that unfortunately most often lead to death. With the rapid development of society, science is also developing rapidly, and the latest sensitive methods of diagnosing diseases are emerging. However, unfortunately, in the post-Soviet space, the diagnosis of most pathological conditions, including asphyxia, is determined by experience and sensory organs, which are determined using instrumental research methods in compliance with the requirements of evidence-based medicine.
 Given the peculiarities of the pathophysiological processes of the asphyxiation state and their manifestations in the body, doctors should rely primarily on general knowledge about hypoxic and asphyxiation disorders, which are determined using instrumental research methods in compliance with the requirements of evidence-based medicine.
 Conclusions: at present, the diagnosis of asphyxia consists of many morphological features. Failure to take into account the state of the body, the presence of chronic diseases, and drug or alcohol intoxication at the time of asphyxiation complicate the diagnosis. Detection of individual clinical manifestations or morphological features does not allow asserting its lifelong origin. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern research methods that should expand the possibilities of forensic diagnosis of the viability of injuries in terms of evidence-based medicine and provide forensic experts with a scientific basis for their results. One such method is immunohistochemical, which is gaining popularity and consolidating its position in the EU, China, Japan and America. In addition, this method is well-established and widespread in morphological studies of differential diagnosis of tumours. Some scientific works prove the expediency of using the immunohistochemical method to solve the problems of forensic expert practice, which is an actual scientific and practical task
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Iryna, Yakovtsova, Hurov Olexandr, Nikonov Vadym, Kursov Sergii, Hladkykh Dmytro, and Danyliuk Svitlana. "Diagnostics of mechanical asphyxia – experience of foreign countries (literature review)." ScienceRise: Medical Science, no. 3(42) (May 31, 2021): 45–49. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2021.233034.
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<strong>The aim</strong> of this study is to establish modern, global trends in the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> search and bibliographic method (theoretical analysis, systematization and classification of library catalogues, printed and electronic sources on mechanical asphyxia) from open anchor databases Scopus preview, Web of Science and using information retrieval systems Google Scholar, Open Ukrainian Citation Index (OUCI), ScienceDirect on the Internet. <strong>Results:</strong> mechanical asphyxia, as one of the most common types of violent death, ranks first among deaths from mechanical injuries. Its study is of great interest among medical scientists in various fields, especially for resuscitators and forensic experts. Establishing the causes of asphyxia, clinical and morphological manifestations, and the consequences that unfortunately most often lead to death. With the rapid development of society, science is also developing rapidly, and the latest sensitive methods of diagnosing diseases are emerging. However, unfortunately, in the post-Soviet space, the diagnosis of most pathological conditions, including asphyxia, is determined by experience and sensory organs, which are determined using instrumental research methods in compliance with the requirements of evidence-based medicine. Given the peculiarities of the pathophysiological processes of the asphyxiation state and their manifestations in the body, doctors should rely primarily on general knowledge about hypoxic and asphyxiation disorders, which are determined using instrumental research methods in compliance with the requirements of evidence-based medicine. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> at present, the diagnosis of asphyxia consists of many morphological features. Failure to take into account the state of the body, the presence of chronic diseases, and drug or alcohol intoxication at the time of asphyxiation complicate the diagnosis. Detection of individual clinical manifestations or morphological features does not allow asserting its lifelong origin. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern research methods that should expand the possibilities of forensic diagnosis of the viability of injuries in terms of evidence-based medicine and provide forensic experts with a scientific basis for their results. One such method is immunohistochemical, which is gaining popularity and consolidating its position in the EU, China, Japan and America. In addition, this method is well-established and widespread in morphological studies of differential diagnosis of tumours. Some scientific works prove the expediency of using the immunohistochemical method to solve the problems of forensic expert practice, which is an actual scientific and practical task
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Liu, Jie, Qian Ma, Wanqing Wang, et al. "Risk Level Assessment and CO Prediction of Underground Mines for Poisoning and Asphyxiation Accidents." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416640.
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To effectively prevent the occurrence of poisoning and asphyxiation accidents in underground mines, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for the factors influencing accidents, constructs a combined assignment model to solve the problem of low accuracy of assignment results caused by a single algorithm, predicts the CO concentration after blasting because CO poisoning is the main cause of accidents, explores the accuracy of different time series prediction methods, and projects the required ventilation after blasting to ensure the safe operation of personnel. Firstly, starting from “man-machine-environment-management”, social factors are introduced to build an evaluation index system. Secondly, three combinatorial allocation models were compared, namely rough set theory–G1 method (RS-G1), entropy method–G1 method (Entropy-G1), and CRITIC method–G1 method (CRITIC-G1). The best model was selected and the allocation rating model was constructed in combination with the cloud model, and the mine risk level was evaluated by using the model. Thirdly, the GM(1,1) model, the quadratic exponential smoothing method, and the ARIMA model were compared by calculating posterior differences and errors, and the method with the highest accuracy was selected for predicting CO concentration. The results show that the inclusion of social assessment indexes in the assessment index system makes the consideration of assessment indexes more comprehensive. The RS-G1 combined assignment model achieved higher accuracy than other combined assignment models, and the GM(1,1) model had the highest accuracy and the best prediction effect. The results of the study can help provide targeted prevention and management measures for poisoning and asphyxiation accidents in underground mines.
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Pai, Kyu Hyun, Sung Woo Lee, Su Jin Kim, et al. "Patterns of self-harm/suicide attempters who visited emergency department over the past 10 years and changes in poisoning as a major method (2011–2020)." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 21, no. 2 (2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2023.00019.
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Purpose: Suicide ranks among the top causes of death among youth in South Korea. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of suicidal individuals treated at emergency departments between 2011 and 2020.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from January 2011 to December 2020 in the Injury Surveillance Cohort, a prospective registry. Patients’ sex, age, mortality, methods of self-harm, and previous suicide attempts were analyzed. The methods of self-harm were categorized into falls, asphyxiation, blunt injuries, penetrating injuries, poisoning, and others. Sub-groups with and without poisoning were compared.Results: The proportion of self-harm/suicide attempts increased from 2.3% (2011) to 5.0% (2020). The mortality rate decreased from 10.8% (2011) to 6.3% (2020). Poisoning was the most common method (61.7%). Mortality rates ranged from 42.0% for asphyxiation to 0.2% for blunt injuries. Individuals in their 20s showed a marked increase in suicide/self-harm attempts, especially in the last three years. A large proportion of decedents in their 70s or older (52.6%) used poisoning as a method of suicide. The percentage of individuals with two or more previous attempts rose from 7.1% (2011) to 19.7% (2020). The death rates by poisoning decreased from 7.7% (2011) to 2.5% (2020).Conclusion: Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and suicide prevention policies. Managing and reducing suicide and self-harm in emergency settings will require a focus on poisoning, the 10–29 age group, and the elderly. This paper will be valuable for future policies aiming to reduce the societal burden of suicide and self-harm.
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Frost, Joachim. "Death by self-inflicted asphyxia with helium – First case reports from Norway and review of the literature." Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science 19, no. 2 (2013): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjfs-2013-0010.
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ABSTRACT An increasing number of asphyxia suicides by inhalation of inert gases have been reported from different parts of the world over the last decade. So far this phenomenon has not been described in our country. This article presents the first two case reports from Norway of presumed suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation from a closed plastic bag over the head. In both cases a forensic autopsy, which included comprehensive toxicological analysis, was requested and performed. In the two cases death was attributed to asphyxia due to helium inhalation, and suffocation due to a plastic bag over the head and aspiration of gastric contents, respectively. Toxicological analysis revealed no findings contributing to the deaths. The absence of toxicological and autopsy findings to determine the cause of death in such cases may represent challenges of clinical and forensic significance. In contrast to the promotion of this method by euthanasia interest groups for the terminally ill reported suicides by helium asphyxiation primarily involve relatively young individuals suffering from psychiatric and/or substance use disorders, and not from terminal illness.
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Vaagenes, Per, Peter Safar, Warren Diven, et al. "Brain Enzyme Levels in CSF after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in Dogs: Markers of Damage and Predictors of Outcome." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 2 (1988): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.57.
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Levels of brain creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in CSF after cardiac arrest were studied in dog models. Ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest lasting 10 min or asphyxiation cardiac arrest lasting 0–10 min was followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 96-h intensive care. Outcome was scored as neurologic deficit (0% = normal, 100% = brain death) and overall performance category (1 = normal, 5 = death). Both measures correlated with EEG return time after asphyxiation cardiac arrest, but not after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Peak activity of enzymes in CSF at 48–72 h post arrest correlated with outcome, and CK was the best predictor. Brain histopathologic damage score at autopsy 96 h post arrest correlated with CK level in CSF ( r = 0.79, n = 39) and neurologic deficit ( r = 0.70, n = 50). Ischemic neuronal changes occurred after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest of 10 min, and neuronal changes plus microinfarcts occurred after asphyxiation cardiac arrest of 1.5–10 min. Brain enzymes were decreased at 6 h post arrest in regions with worst histologic damage (gray matter of neocortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, cerebellum). Brain CK decreased further, ASAT remained low, and LD increased at 72 h after arrest. The temporal changes in CK level paralleled the temporal ischemic neuronal changes in the brain, and time to peak activity was unaffected by the severity of the ischemic insult. Peak activity of individual enzymes in CSF was determined predominantly by the brain concentration, but was also influenced by rate of decomposition. This “chemical brain biopsy method” represents a useful adjunctive tool to predict permanent, severe brain damage during comatose states after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
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Ahmed, Mohieldeen M. A., Mohammed H. M. Gaily, Khalid M. O. Ortashi, Omer M. A. Al Ghabshawi, Nagwa F. Bashir, and Osman M. M. Ali. "Tolerable Risk for Hydrogen Sulfide in Sewage Treatment Plant- STP." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 16, no. 4 (2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v16.n4.p3.
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Hydrogen sulphide is a toxic gas, it can cause a range of physiological responses from simple annoyance to permanent injury and death. There are a number of approaches to deal with the impacts of toxic gases. This study focused on minimizing the hazard exposure for hydrogen sulfide in the different operational zones for activated sludge process in sewage waterplant. Research tools/ approaches conducted were interviews, toxic gas testers, analysis report interpretation &amp; quantitative risk assessment method. The study was conducted on Arabian Peninsula during the period (September 2019- September 2021). The (13) operational locations tested for toxic gas concentrations were inlet chamber, outlet channel, coarse /fine screens, primary sedimentation tank, activated sludge tanks, secondary sedimentation tanks, gas desulfurization unit, disc filters, chlorine dosing unit, sludge dewatering, sludge silos and digester tanks. The study found that the highest concentration for H<sub>2</sub>S in the inlet chamber/ outlet channel. The severity hazards in the sewage treatment plant using activated sludge process are the asphyxiation by H<sub>2</sub>S was extremely high can cause harm to public health, followed by the radiation hazard followed by electrical hazard, then (working at height, mechanical, traffic, health, chemical, physical, ergonomic, environmental, microbial and natural). The frequency of hazards occurrence is asphyxiation by H<sub>2</sub>S was extremely high followed by the radiation hazard and health hazard including the infection with Covid 19 virus followed by mechanical hazard then (electrical, traffic, ergonomic, natural, chemical, physical and natural). Control measures were recommended to minimize the risk of asphyxiation by H<sub>2</sub>S in the working environment at the STP.
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Hepp, U., M. Ring, A. Frei, W. Rössler, U. Schnyder, and V. Ajdacic-Gross. "Suicide trends diverge by method: Swiss suicide rates 1969–2005." European Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (2010): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.005.
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AbstractWe examined the change in Swiss suicide rates since 1969, breaking down the rates according to the method used. The descriptive analyses of the main suicide methods are presented. The suicide rates reached a peak in the late 1970s/early 1980s and declined in more recent years. Firearm suicides and suicides by falls were the exception and sustained their upwards trend until the 1990s. Suicide by vehicle exhaust asphyxiation showed a rapid decline following the introduction of catalytic converters in motor vehicles. No substantial method substitution was observed. Suicide by poisoning declined in the 1990s but rose again following an increase in assisted suicide in somatically incurable patients. Suicide is too often regarded as a homogeneous phenomenon. With regard to the method they choose, suicide victims are a heterogeneous population and it is evident that different suicide methods are chosen by different people. A better understanding of the varying patterns of change over time in the different suicide methods used may lead to differentiated preventive strategies.
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Teke, Hacer Yasar, Hanife Alkurt Alkan, and Blent Değirmenci. "Mechanical Asphyxiation Due to Ligature Strangulation: A Case Report of Suicide." Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science 25, no. 1 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjfs-2019-0001.
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Abstract Introduction: Suicide by ligature strangulation has been rarely reported in literature. This case report was prepared to present this different method of suicide and to discuss the findings of this case in the framework of findings in literature. Case: A 37-year old male was found dead in his home where he lived alone, with no signs of forced entry to the house. The body was lying supine on the dining table, with the feet hanging free and the head completely resting on the table. A thick, orange-coloured rope was wrapped three times around the neck and below the table where the head was resting was a 20kg demijohn full of water, with a broken rope with the same features wrapped around the neck of the bottle. Discussion and Conclusion: The current case is unique in respect of showing the postmortem findings which could be created following the application of pressure with a force of 20kg on the airway and blood vessels. The necessity is emphasised for detailed examination of the scene to differentiate suicide from murder and of information from before death and from the autopsy to correctly establish the cause of death.
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Strogonov, V. "Is a clavicle fracture a contraindication for swinging (Schultz's method) of a child born with asphyxiation?" Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 8, no. 7-8 (2020): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd87-8691-692.
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Ha, Yeon-Chul, Jung-Kwan Seo, Jun-Ho Hwang, Kichang Im, and Sang-Hoon Ryu. "Method for Preventing Asphyxiation Accidents by a CO2 Extinguishing System on a Ship." Fire Science and Engineering 29, no. 6 (2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2015.29.6.057.
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Śniegocki, Tomasz, Bartosz Sell, and Andrzej Posyniak. "The Usefulness of MS3 to Confirm Poisoning on the Example of Dog Poisoning with Strychnine." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203765.
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Strychnine is an alkaloid with strong toxic properties. Poisoning results in muscular contractions and death through asphyxiation. Intentional or accidental poisonings with strychnine occur mainly in small animals, especially dogs and occasionally cats. Strychnine can be detected in the liver or stomach contents. Unfortunately, the determination of strychnine in these matrices, especially in postmortem examination, is subject to a significant matrix effect that makes it difficult to confirm the presence of the substance being determined. Therefore, we developed a new liquid chromatography method combined with mass spectrometry. One-gram homogenized samples were extracted and partitioned after adding acetonitrile and 5-mol solution of ammonium acetate. After extraction, the samples were analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography-MS/MS/MS. The results of validation fulfil the requirement of the confirmatory criteria according to SANTE/11945/2015 regarding apparent recoveries (98.97% to 104.0%), repeatability (2.9%–4.1%), and within-laboratory reproducibility (3.3%–4.6%). The method can be successfully applied to confirm strychnine poisoning cases.
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Ambedkar, Ranjan. "A Hospital-Based Study to Evaluate Asphyxial Deaths: An Observational Study." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 10 (2023): 226–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11074291.
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<strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to analyze asphyxial deaths in region of eastern UP. <strong>Methods: </strong>The present study of violent asphyxia deaths was conducted at Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Maa Vindhyawasini Autonomous State Medical College, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India College for the period of two years. Total 3215 of autopsies were conducted during the period of which 200 (6.22%) were asphyxial death which are included in this study. <strong>Results: </strong>Hanging was found to be most common type of asphyxial death and accounts for more than half (120 cases, 60%) asphyxial deaths, followed by drowning which accounts for 28% (56) of cases and ligature strangulation 5% (10). Least number of cases seen was smothering and manual stragulation 2% (4). It was observed all types of asphyxia deaths common in males compared to female except smothering which accounts for same number of cases. The study revealed that maximum number asphyxia deaths due to hanging were in the age group of 21-30 years. All the asphyxial deaths in age group of 1-10 years were due to drowning alone. Maximum number of ligature strangulation seen in age group of 31-40 years. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Present study revealed that males and young age group population between 11–30 years are more susceptible victims of violent asphyxial deaths. Suicidal deaths as a result of hanging and accidental deaths as a result of drowning in this age group are the major causes of asphyxial deaths in present study. This young adult group is most active group of population and more exposed to external environment and stress and strain of life which leads to suicide by means of hanging in this age group.
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Ong, Victor, Nicholas R. Cortez, Ziru Xu, Farbod Amirghasemi, Mohamed K. Abd El-Rahman, and Maral P. S. Mousavi. "An Accessible Yarn-Based Sensor for In-Field Detection of Succinylcholine Poisoning." Chemosensors 11, no. 3 (2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11030175.
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Succinylcholine (SUX) is a clinical anesthetic that induces temporary paralysis and is degraded by endogenous enzymes within the body. In high doses and without respiratory support, it results in rapid and untraceable death by asphyxiation. A potentiometric thread-based method was developed for the in-field and rapid detection of SUX for forensic use. We fabricated the first solid-contact SUX ion-selective electrodes from cotton yarn, a carbon black ink, and a polymeric ion-selective membrane. The electrodes could selectively measure SUX in a linear range of 1 mM to 4.3 μM in urine, with a Nernstian slope of 27.6 mV/decade. Our compact and portable yarn-based SUX sensors achieved 94.1% recovery at low concentrations, demonstrating feasibility in real-world applications. While other challenges remain, the development of a thread-based ion-selective electrode for SUX detection shows that it is possible to detect this poison in urine and paves the way for other low-cost, rapid forensic diagnostic devices.
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Byard, Roger W., Carl Winskog, and Karen Heath. "Nitrogen inhalation suicide pacts." Medicine, Science and the Law 59, no. 1 (2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419828914.
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Suicide pacts usually result in simultaneous deaths by mutual arrangement. While nitrogen and helium gas inhalation are being increasingly used in solitary suicide attempts, for some reason they have been rarely utilised in suicide pacts. A search of autopsy files at Forensic Science SA over a 15-year period (2003–2017) was undertaken to determine how often this method of joint suicide occurs. Only two cases were found. Case 1 comprised a 64-year-old husband and wife (who had a history of multiple sclerosis). They were found deceased in a vehicle with two empty cylinders of nitrogen gas. Case 2 comprised an 87-year-old man (who had a history of ischaemic heart disease) and his 81-year-old wife who were found deceased with plastic bags over their heads, with plastic tubes connecting the bags to opened cylinders of nitrogen. The deaths in all cases were due to nitrogen-induced asphyxiation, in the latter instance augmenting plastic-bag asphyxia. Although suicide pacts have previously usually involved carbon-monoxide toxicity or drug overdose, it is possible that dissemination of information on the use of inert gases in individual suicide attempts may alter the methods used in future.
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BOARU, Anca, Dănuț STRUȚI, and Bogdan GEORGESCU. "Guidelines and Implications of Fish Slaughtering in the Ensuring of Welfare and Product Quality." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 1, no. 79 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2021.0011.
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The constant and accelerated increase of world fish production through the expansion of fisheries and the development of aquaculture has also generated a higher interest in animal welfare. In the present, is proven that the fish welfare is a factor that influences the quality of the product and the practices of capture and slaughter, which can compromise these attributes. The harvesting and suppressing life methods give to the biochemical processes of fish meat some particularities, as a result of the stressor to which it is subjected by tracking, agglomeration, space restriction and asphyxiation. In the view of all, it is important to correctly identify procedures that improve both the welfare of the fish and the quality of the product. In this review, there are highlighted some of the stunning and slaughter methods of fish used in the aquaculture or capture fisheries, focusing on the human agreed standards and international organizations. There are recommendations in this sense for operations prior to slaughter and the possibility of developing and implementing new methods, by country and species of fish. In this sense, the brain puncture stands out as a more humane method of slaughtering fish, which also improves the quality of the product.
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Rie, Dongho, and Jioh Ryu. "Sustainable Urban Planning Technique of Fire Disaster Prevention for Subway." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010372.
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Subway infrastructure is a representative urban infrastructure for sustainable urban development as part of its policy to harmonize with economic growth. As the transportation infrastructure of large cities develops with high speed and intelligence, more attention will be paid to its safety. The main cause of death in subway fires is asphyxiation, due to the closed specificity of the underground space. Therefore, smoke exhaust facilities should be capable of minimizing the effects of smoke to ensure the safe evacuation of passengers in the event of fire. In this study, three kinds of fire locations are adopted to analyze the distribution of platform temperature, CO, and visibility in connection with the smoke exhaust system operation method. We evaluate the performance of the applicable smoke exhaust system from ASET-based untenable area analysis. Fatality evaluation by escape analysis according to the smoke exhaust system estimates the fatality based on the tenability performance evaluation. Moreover, the FED method was used to evaluate tenability performance. Therefore, the result of this study suggests a solution for sustainable subway Disaster response from the performance evaluation of the subway platform smoke exhaust system for safe evacuation of passengers, which is essential for subway construction or remodeling.
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Xu, Qingwei, and Kaili Xu. "Statistical Analysis and Prediction of Fatal Accidents in the Metallurgical Industry in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113790.
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The metallurgical industry is a significant component of the national economy. The main purpose of this study was to establish a composite risk analysis method for fatal accidents in the metallurgical industry. We collected 152 fatal accidents in the Chinese metallurgical industry from 2001 to 2018, including 141 major accidents, 10 severe accidents, and 1 extraordinarily severe accident, together resulting in 731 deaths. Different from traffic or chemical industry accidents, most of the accidents in the metallurgical industry are poisoning and asphyxiation accidents, which account for 40% of the total number of fatal accidents. As the original statistical data of fatal accidents in the metallurgical industry have irregular fluctuations, the traditional prediction methods, such as linear or quadratic regression models, cannot be used to predict their future characteristics. To overcome this issue, the grey interval predicting method and the GM(1,1) model of grey system theory are introduced to predict the future characteristics of fatal accidents in the metallurgical industry. Different from a fault tree analysis or event tree analysis, the bow tie model integrates the basic causes, possible consequences, and corresponding safety measures of an accident in a transparent diagram. In this study, the bow tie model was used to identify the causes and consequences of fatal accidents in the metallurgical industry; then, corresponding safety measures were adopted to reduce the risk.
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Prestes dos Santos, Silvia, Maria Ildilene da Silva, Antonio Cesar Godoy, et al. "Respiratory and muscular effort during pre-slaughter stress affect Nile tilapia fillet quality." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0306880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306880.
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Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) management procedures are directly linked to the final quality of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-slaughter density and different stunning methods on biochemical, respiratory and muscle injury parameters associated with quality and sensory characteristics of Nile tilapia fillets. Fish with an average weight of 762±105 g were used, first collected called the control group. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with two densities (50 and 300 kg of live weight m−3) and two stunning methods thus totaling four treatments, with 15 repetitions per treatment totaling 75 fish sampled. Blood gas analysis, evaluation of biochemical parameters, analysis of meat quality and sensory analysis were carried out. For blood gas, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, the highest values were obtained for the density of 300 kg m−3 and asphyxia method: partial pressures of CO2; glucose and lactate, the highest values presented were 268.98 and 11.33 mg dL−1 respectively. As well as enzymatic activities, Creatinine kinase (CPK); Creatinine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) showed higher values (768.93 and 1078.98 mg dL−1 respectively) in the higher density and asphyxia method. Conversely, when evaluating the quality parameters, the highest values were observed for lower density and thermonarcosis. High depuration density (300 kg m−3), combined with the asphyxiation stunning method, promotes changes in respiratory dynamics and provides greater stress, less firm fillet texture and greater weight loss due to cooking, as well as changes in creatine kinase (CK) and its CK-MB isoenzyme, demonstrating greater muscle damage. On the other hand, the density of 50 kg m−3 during pre-slaughter, combined with the method of stunning by thermonarcosis, provide a longer period of permanence in pre rigor mortis, which will result in fillets with a better sensory profile.
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Rahman, Arfa, Homayra Tahseen, Quazi Tarikul Islam, and HAM Nazmul Ahasan. "Unusual Suicide Case: Survived After Long Suffering." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 32, no. 1 (2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v32i1.51095.
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Hanging is one of the common forms of violent mechanical asphyxial death. When compared to other forms of unnatural death all over the world this method stands on top as death is instantaneous.Hanging is always suicidal unless otherwise proved. The aim of this study is to gain new knowledge that would enable the design of effective of measures that would help to prevent suicide by hanging. In this case report, we will discuss the unusual presentation of a young lady who attempts suicide frequently did not result in death. We present data indicating that victims can be resuscitated even after prolonged period of suspension & unconsciousness & some of the reasons why asphyxiation by hanging may be delayed when there is no damage to the spinal cord. The logical, thoughtful management options that we chose at various stages of her disease in general ward with the use of colistin which eventually led to her cure are also discussed here. Emphasis is given on how these tricky cases can be deal with prognostically good results could be achieved, if such victims are vigorously & promptly resuscitated, irrespective of her initial presentation.
 Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 53-57
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Sulianty, Aty, and Syajaratuddur Faiqah. "FETUS’ WEIGHT AND Hb LEVEL WITH APGAR SCORE OF NEWBORN WHO SUFFERS ASPHYXIA AT RSUDP NTB IN 2016." Jurnal Kesehatan Prima 12, no. 2 (2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v12i2.183.
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Abstract: Infant mortality (AKB) is one important indicator in determining the level of public health. Demographic Health Survey Indonesia based estimation of infant mortality (AKB) of 34 per 1000 live births. It is still far from the target of the MDGs, 2015 AKB amounted to 23 per 1000 live births and reports from the World Health Organization, (WHO) in 2012 that each year, approximately 3% (3.6 million) from 120 million infants born experienced asphyxiation. The objective study was to know the relationship of fetus’ weight and Hb levels and APGAR score who suffered asphyxia in RSUDP NTB 2016. The method in this study was Observational Analytic study with Cross Sectional Sample design was 237 newborn baby who suffered asphyxia. The data were analyzed using regression correlation test. The findings in this research indicated that there was a correlation between newborn baby’s body weight and Hb levels with APGAR score who suffered asphyxia at RSUD NTB in 2016 with (P value = 0.01) and shows a weak relationship and patterned a positive value (r = 0,158), (r = 0,206). A suggestion for further research on fetus’ Hb levels and APGAR score with different research design and set the sample criteria relate to factors of pregnancy and labor.Keywords: Newborn Weight, Fetus’ Hb Levels, Apgar score, Asphyxia.
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Harvey, Caileen, Rachel Flemming, Julia Davis, and Victoria Reynolds. "Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative in Care Facilities in Upstate New York." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 7, no. 1 (2022): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-20-00159.
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Introduction: Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that can result in aspiration, asphyxiation, or other complications. One method of facilitating safer swallowing is modification of the diet and fluids of individuals living with dysphagia. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) is a globally standardized framework for texture modification. Its implementation has been recommended in the United States, but adoption is not yet universal. This study investigated implementation issues by surveying health care professionals in health care facilities in rural, Upstate New York. Method: A questionnaire created through the SurveyMonkey platform was distributed to health care facilities within a predetermined geographical area in Upstate New York. The survey consisted of 22 questions and utilized a mixed-methods design. Results: Forty-six participants from 10 individual professions and nine types of facilities completed the study. Twenty texture modification labels and 10 fluid modification labels were described. Analysis of qualitative data yielded three main barriers to implementation: funding, education, and communication. Within each barrier, awareness and resources were recurrent themes. Discussion: The variety of modification labels in comparison with the sample size demonstrates a lack of standardization of texture modification processes across facilities. While nearly half the respondents had not heard of IDDSI prior to the survey, 89% agreed that a standardized dysphagia diet would improve patient health and safety. This demonstrated a willingness to adopt IDDSI and indicated that staff attitudes may not be a barrier to its implementation. Participants felt that training was needed for successful implementation and expressed concern about the lack of availability of financial resources. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17270861
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Hwang, Jeo, Dongin Park, and Dongho Rie. "Manufacture and Combustion Characteristics of Cellulose Flame-Retardant Plate through the Hot-Press Method." Polymers 15, no. 24 (2023): 4736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244736.
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This study focuses on the increased risk of high heat release and asphyxiation (toxic gas poisoning) in the event of a fire involving polyurethane (PU)- and MDF-based building materials, which are commonly used in buildings. Among them, polyurethane (PU) building materials are very commonly used in buildings, except in Europe and some other countries, due to their excellent thermal insulation performance. Still, problems of short-term heat release and the spread of toxic gases in the event of a fire continue to occur. To overcome these problems, researchers are actively working on introducing various flame retardants into building materials. Therefore, in this study, we produced a laboratory-sized (500 mm × 500 mm) plate-like flame-retardant board that can be utilized as a building material with a lower heat release rate and a lower toxicity index. The material was made by mixing expanded graphite and ceramic binder as flame retardants in a material that is formulated based on the cellulose of waste paper, replacing the existing building materials with a hot-press method. According to the ISO-5660-1 test on the heat release rate of the plate-like flame-retardant board, the Total Heat Release (THR) value was 2.9 (MJ/m2) for 10 min, showing an effect of reducing the THR value by 36.3 (MJ/m2) compared to the THR value of 39.2 (MJ/m2) of the specimen made using only paper. In addition, the toxicity index of the flame-retardant board was checked through the NES (Naval Engineering Standards)-713 test. As a result, the test specimen showed a toxicity index of 0.7, which is 2.4 lower than the toxicity index of 3.1 of MDF, which is utilized as a conventional building material. Based on the results of this study, the cellulose fire-retardant board showed the effect of reducing the heat release rate and toxicity index of building materials in a building fire, which reduces the risk of rapid heat spread and smoke toxicity. This has the potential to improve the evacuation time (A-SET) of evacuees in fires. It is also important to show that recycling waste paper and utilizing it as the main material for building materials can be an alternative in terms of sustainable development.
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Mujtaba, B. G., A. A. Williams, and K. S. Wardak. "The Relationship of Suicides, Guns and Mass Shootings in the United States: An Ethical Dilemma." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 3 (2020): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(3).77-92.2020.
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Suicides have been a reality of life due to many factors across nations. In the United States alone, about 30,000 to 40,000 individuals are likely to take their own life this year. During the Covid-19 Corona virus months, telephone calls to the suicide hotlines in the United States have increased significantly. As such, suicide is a huge, complex and costly problem in our society even when people are not dealing with a pandemic like Covid-19 and racial inequalities. In this study, we look at the relationship between suicides, guns and mass shootings based on age, gender and ethnicity, using data of 3,238-recorded suicides in South Florida’s Broward County. Through a review of descriptive data and regression analysis, we found that the top three methods of suicide are gunshot, asphyxiation, and hanging. Gunshot represents the largest majority of all suicides. In addition, there are statistically significant differences in suicides based on age, race, and gender. Overall, this article provides literature, reflections of morality, and some common reasons for suicides, while also offering reflective data on the epidemic of mass shootings during the past few decades, where the method used was entirely by the usage of various types of guns, assault rifles and military-grade artillery. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings along with specific recommendations for policy makers to prevent suicides and mass shootings in the future. Some acts of violence and suicide might be caused by illnesses or mental health issues, but most are caused by intentional acts of perpetrators due to misunderstandings, stereotypes and unnecessary aggressive behaviors. In the modern society, we see that millions of people in the United States and many other countries around the world are protesting against police violence which are disproportionately and negatively impacting minority groups. Today, we see both children, adults and even official police officers who are showing aggressive behavior which have become a concern as such behaviors are often reinforced over and over again through television and social media. If such behaviors become normal then we need better coping strategies to effectively deal with them because violence only begets more violence, which increases poverty in the society. For most adults, being stuck in poverty through societal inequities, despite their persistent hard work and efforts, can cause depression which might lead to further protests and suicides. It is recommended that policy makers and professionals work to stop unmanageable and aggressive behaviors at an earlier stage of a person’s life because it helps prevent problems in the future. If we do not effectively deal with aggression, violence, and ineffective use of guns, this could lead to more problems on the job, suicides, mass shootings, and/or other crimes in general. This article discusses the root of the suicide problem based on empirical analysis, while also offering recommendation for educators, researchers, and policymakers. Keywords: suicide, gunshot, mass shooting, asphyxiation, hanging, Broward County, Florida, subtle suicide, theory of reason action (TRA), ethical emotism.
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Matievics, Vera, Balázs Sztanó, Ádám Bach, and László Rovó. "Endoszkópos arytaenoid abdukciós lateropexia foniátriai eredményei átmeneti kétoldali gégebénulás esetén." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 29 (2018): 1188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31099.
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Abstract: Introduction: Dyspnea caused by bilateral vocal cord paralysis often requires surgical intervention to prevent acute asphyxiation. The regeneration of the laryngeal nerves may last weeks or months and it is difficult to predict the outcome. In the past decades, several open and endoscopic surgical techniques have been introduced for treatment to avoid tracheostomy, however, these procedures with resection of the glottis resulted in irreversible changes in the laryngeal structure, thus the voice quality decreased over a long-term period. Aim: Endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy is an accepted reversible, minimally invasive technique that provides an immediate patent airway by the lateralisation of the arytenoid cartilage with a suture. The aim of our study was to analyze the phonatory and respiratory outcomes of this treatment concept. Method: Two patients suffering from bilateral vocal cord palsy were treated with endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy. After recovery of the vocal cord movements, the sutures were removed. Spirometric and phoniatric results of the two patients were analysed after suture removal. Results: Good spirometric parameters and normal voice quality were detected in both cases. Conclusions: These results prove the high reversibility of the minimally invasive endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy. Lateralization suture can be removed in the case of vocal cord movement recovery, and phonation may be physiological. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(29): 1188–1192.
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Kaubrytė, Sofija Saulė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Giedrė Kažukauskė, Sigitas Laima, Diana Vasiljevaitė, and Jurgita Stasiūnienė. "Investigating Confined Space Asphyxias: Plastic Bag Involvement and Gas Inhalation – A Case Series and Literature Review." Acta medica Lituanica 31, no. 2 (2024): 10. https://doi.org/10.15388/amed.2024.31.2.10.
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Background: Asphyxia within confined spaces, particularly involving plastic bag suffocation and gas inhalation, presents complex forensic challenges. This study explores mechanisms, epidemiology, and forensic considerations of these fatalities, drawing from a comprehensive literature review and analysis of four clinical cases. Plastic bag asphyxia, exacerbated by oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation, induces rapid loss of consciousness and cardiorespiratory arrest. The method’s lethality is increased when combined with inert gases like helium, known for their rapid onset of hypoxia and painless nature. Recent research demonstrates a growing incidence of plastic bag suffocation as a method of suicide. The accessibility of suicide-related information on online platforms contributes to the dissemination of new methods, posing challenges for suicide prevention efforts. Forensic investigations often face obstacles in accurately determining the cause and manner of death, with nonspecific autopsy findings and scene manipulations complicating the diagnostic process.Materials and methods: A literature research was conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on articles published in the last 5 years, applying keywords relevant to the topic under consideration and their combinations. 34 pertinent articles were selected, supplemented by data from the Lithuanian State Forensic Medicine Service, involving four clinical cases of confined space asphyxia. Autopsy findings, toxicological analyses, and contextual details were thoroughly examined to determine the mechanism and circumstances of death.Results: Plastic bag suffocation, often combined with inert gas inhalation, emerges as a common method in suicides. Demographic analyses reveal distinct patterns, with younger age groups demonstrating an increased tendency for gas inhalation suicides. The accessibility and perceived painlessness of helium contribute to its rising usage for suicide purposes. Forensic challenges include nonspecific autopsy findings, manipulations of death scenes, and difficulties in detecting inert gases postmortem. Enhanced surveillance and efforts to restrict access to these tools are crucial in preventing the spread of new suicide methods.Conclusions: The study highlights the multifaceted nature of asphyxiation deaths within confined spaces and the importance of proactive interventions in suicide prevention. Enhanced surveillance, tailored prevention strategies, and collaborative efforts are essential in addressing evolving suicide methods and reducing their impact.
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J Hucker, Stephen. "Asphyxiophilia: A Series of Fourteen Living Cases with A Long Follow-Up." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 18, no. 3 (2025): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/448.
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In contrast to fatal cases involving asphyxiophilic behaviours, reports of survivors are rare. This paper documents the characteristics of fifteen such survivors who presented to the author over a seventeen-year period. Clinical records of these patients who reported they had used self-asphyxiation, either in reality or, in one case persistent intense distressing masturbatory fantasies without actual asphyxiation, as a means of sexual gratification were scrutinized and recorded, applying DSM-III or DSM-IV criteria for inclusion in the study as these were the editions in use at the time. Similarities between the patients in this series and the existing literature on both survivors and fatal cases are reported. Paradoxically, unlike fatal cases who are often described as having been cheerful and anticipating the future, survivors showed a high frequency of depression and suicidal behavior. Several survivors tended to perform their activities with a partner and to avoid self-hanging in preference to other asphyxiating methods such as suffocation. All the patients showed clear-cut masochistic interests and fantasies quite apart from their asphyxiophilic behavior. Follow up of the patients over an average of 28 years showed that only one had died as a result of self-hanging, a counterintuitive finding given that this behaviour is widely believed to be inherently dangerous. However, this should not prevent those who desire sexual satisfaction in this way from educating themselves of the potential severe risks and modify their technique to take this into account.
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Reed, Brian, Jack Varon, Brian T. Chait, and Mary Jeanne Kreek. "Carbon Dioxide-Induced Anesthesia Results in a Rapid Increase in Plasma Levels of Vasopressin." Endocrinology 150, no. 6 (2009): 2934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1408.
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Brief anesthesia, such as after exposure to high levels of carbon dioxide, prior to decapitation is considered a more humane alternative for the euthanasia of rodents, compared with use of decapitation alone. Studies of the levels of certain stress hormones in plasma such as corticosterone and ACTH have supported the use of this method of euthanasia in endocrinological and molecular studies. In the current study, rats were briefly exposed to a chamber filled with carbon dioxide until recumbent (20–25 sec), immediately killed via decapitation, and trunk blood collected; findings were compared with rats killed via decapitation with no exposure to carbon dioxide. RIAs were used to measure arginine vasopressin (AVP) and ACTH immunoreactivity (ir) in plasma. Whereas ACTH-ir levels remained steady after brief exposure to carbon dioxide (in accordance with results of other investigators), AVP-ir levels were increased by more than an order of magnitude. These results were confirmed by quantitative capillary-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating this observation of rapid increase in plasma AVP-ir levels is not due to nonspecific recognition by the antibody used in the RIA. Likewise, using capillary-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we observed a rapid increase in plasma oxytocin levels after carbon dioxide exposure. These surprising findings have important implications for the design and interpretation of studies involving brief carbon dioxide exposure prior to decapitation as well as those with euthanasia resulting from carbon dioxide-induced asphyxiation.
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Nemzev, S. N., and R. B. Sharipova. "ASSESSMENT OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR WINTERING OF WINTER GRAIN CROPS IN ABNORMALLY WARM WEATHER CONDITIONS OF 2019-2020 AGRICULTURAL YEAR." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy 212 (December 25, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2021-4-31-39.
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The article analyzes the period of abnormally hot weather in the autumn and winter periods of 2019-2020 agricultural year, which was unprecedented and allowed the plants to overwinter successfully and even to go through a certain stage in their development and form a fairly high yield. It is a great anomaly with a typical return period of about 40 years. According to observations at Timiryazevsky agrometeorological post for 1990-2019, the average annual temperature increased by 1.04 ° С, atmospheric precipitation increased by 111.0 mm. The greatest increase of air temperature and atmospheric precipitation occurred in winter months. Analysis of wintering conditions for 2015-2020 agricultural years showed that positive temperature anomalies for the studied cold period of 2019-2020 reached up to 31.0 ° C. The amount of precipitation exceeded the average years long norms in November 2015 by 100 mm. Therefore, if earlier, the harvest of winter crops decreased due to freezing, as a result of snowlessness and severe frosts, then in recent years, soaking and asphyxiation played a certain role due to powerful snow cover. Such methods, as comparison, analysis and generalization of data, were used to process the analysis of the original data. To study the long-term changes of the periodic transformation function of the average annual temperature dynamics and the annual sum of atmospheric precipitation, the Fourier series was used and the parameters of the best sinusoidal approximation, the trend and the method of correlation, discriminant analysis were determined. The practical significance of the work was determined by the results of the research on the conditions for overwintering of winter crops and adaptation of agriculture to the changing conditions of the regional climate.
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Hardiana, Hardiana. "HUBUNGAN PARTUS LAMA DAN KETUBAN PECAH DINI DENGAN KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA NEONATORUM DI RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI." MIDWIFERY HEALTH JOURNAL 4, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.52524/jurnalkebidananjambi.v4i2.16.
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One cause of infant mortality is asphyxia, asphyxia is a condition where the baby immediately after birth does not breathe spontaneously and regularly. Based on data from Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi Province in 2017 there were 107 cases of asphyxia and in 2018 the number of data on asphyxia patients increased to 116 cases.
 This study aims to determine the relationship of the old and amniotic early rupture with neonatorum asphyxiation in Raden Mattaher General Hospital Jambi Province in 2018.
 The study used a case control research method with a population of 116 respondents and control 116 respondents using random sampling technique. So the number of samples is 232 respondents. Data collection was done by filling out the checklist sheet carried out on March 27 with univariate and bivariate analysis.
 The results showed that the Old Partus group who experienced no Asphyxia were 42 infants (39.3%) and the Old Partus who had 65 Asphyxia (60.7%). This means that there is a relationship between the Old Partus and the Neonatorum Asphyxia with a p-value of 0.004 and OR 2.246. and those who did not experience premature rupture of amniotic neonatorum 65 infants (43.6%), and early rupture of membranes who experienced neonatorum asphyxia (38.6%). And there is a relationship between Early Ruptured Amniotic and Asphyxia Neonatorum with p-value 0.014 and OR 0.486. So there is a relationship between the Old Partus and the Amniotic Early Rupture with the occurrence of Neonatorum Asphyxia in Raden Mattaher General Hospital Jambi.
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Larouche, Jennifer, Marie-Hélène Deschamps, Linda Saucier, Yolaine Lebeuf, Alain Doyen, and Grant W. Vandenberg. "Effects of Killing Methods on Lipid Oxidation, Colour and Microbial Load of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae." Animals 9, no. 4 (2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040182.
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Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae represent a promising alternative ingredient for animal feed. Post-production processing can, however, affect their quality. This project aimed to optimize larval killing by comparing the effects on the nutritional and microbiological quality of 10 methods, i.e., blanching (B = 40 s), desiccation (D = 60 °C, 30 min), freezing (F20 = −20 °C, 1 h; F40 = −40 °C, 1 h; N = liquid nitrogen, 40 s), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP = 3 min, 600 MPa), grinding (G = 2 min) and asphyxiation (CO2 = 120 h; N2 = 144 h; vacuum conditioning, V = 120 h). Some methods affected the pH (B, asphyxiation), total moisture (B, asphyxiation and D) and ash contents (B, p < 0.001). The lipid content (asphyxiation) and their oxidation levels (B, asphyxiation and D) were also affected (p < 0.001). Killing methods altered the larvae colour during freeze-drying and in the final product. Blanching appears to be the most appropriate strategy since it minimizes lipid oxidation (primary = 4.6 ± 0.7 mg cumen hydroperoxide (CHP) equivalents/kg; secondary = 1.0 ± 0.1 mg malondialdehyde/kg), reduces microbial contamination and initiates dehydration (water content = 78.1 ± 1.0%). We propose herein, an optimized protocol to kill BSF that meet the Canadian regulatory requirements of the insect production and processing industry.
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Rayes, Mahmoud, Monika Mittal, Setti S. Rengachary, and Sandeep Mittal. "Hangman's fracture: a historical and biomechanical perspective." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 2 (2011): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.10.spine09805.
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The execution technique of hanging, introduced by the Angle, Saxon, and Jute Germanic tribes during their invasions of the Roman Empire and Britain in the 5th century, has remained largely unchanged over time. The earliest form of a gallows was a tree on which prisoners were hanged. Despite the introduction of several modifications such as a trap door, the main mechanism of death remained asphyxiation. This created the opportunity for attempted revival after the execution, and indeed several well-known cases of survival following judicial hanging have been reported. It was not until the introduction of the standard drop by Dr. Samuel Haughton in 1866, and the so-called long drop by William Marwood in 1872 that hanging became a standard, humane means to achieve instantaneous death. Hangmen, however, fearing knot slippage, started substituting the subaural knot for the traditional submental knot. Subaural knots were not as effective, and cases of decapitation were recorded. Standardization of the long drop was further propagated by John Berry, an executioner who used mathematical calculations to estimate the correct drop length for each individual to be hanged. A British committee on capital sentences, led by Lord Aberdare, studied the execution method, and advocated for the submental knot. However, it was not until Frederic Wood-Jones published his seminal work in 1913 that cervical fractures were identified as the main mechanism of death following hanging in which the long drop and a submental knot were used. Schneider introduced the term “hangman's fracture” in 1965, and reported on the biomechanics and other similarities of the cervical fractures seen following judicial hangings and those caused by motor vehicle accidents.
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Satterfield, Benjamin A., Alvin F. Stewart, Cynthia S. Lew, et al. "A quadruplex real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of the Clostridium botulinum toxin genes A, B, E and F." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 1 (2010): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.012567-0.
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Clostridium botulinum is the aetiological agent of botulism, a disease marked by flaccid paralysis that can progress to asphyxiation and death. This species is defined by the production of one of the botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which are the most potent toxins known. Because of their potency, these toxins have the potential to be used as biological weapons, and therefore C. botulinum has been classified as a category A select agent. There are four related but antigenically distinct BoNT types that cause disease in humans, A, B, E and F. The mouse bioassay is the current gold standard by which BoNTs are confirmed. However, this method is expensive, slow and labour-intensive. Although PCR-based assays have been used extensively for the detection of BoNT-producing bacteria in food, animals and faecal samples, and recently to help diagnose disease in humans, no real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay has yet been developed that can identify and differentiate all four BoNTs that cause disease in humans. This report describes the development of a qPCR single-tube assay that uniquely identifies these four BoNTs responsible for human disease. A total of 79 C. botulinum isolates with varying toxin types was evaluated in this study, as well as numerous near-neighbours and other bacterial species. The results showed that this quadruplex assay was capable of detecting any of the four toxin genes in a given sample at a sensitivity of about 130–840 fg genomic DNA and could detect the presence of up to all four BoNT genes simultaneously in a given sample. The assay was also functional in the presence of extraneous organic matter commonly found in various environmental samples.
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Ferriani, Mariana Paes Leme, Orlando Trevisan-Neto, Julia S. Costa, et al. "Acquired Angioedema due to C1 Inhibitor Deficiency Preceding Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Further Insights from Clinical Practice." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 181, no. 12 (2020): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509805.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Acquired angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (AAE-C1-INH) is a very rare disease. In clinical practice, it may be difficult to differentiate AAE-C1-INH from hereditary angioedema due to C1-INH deficiency (HAE-C1-INH). In both conditions, patients are at an increased risk of death from asphyxiation due to upper airway obstruction. The association of AAE-C1-INH with lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases, and with presence of anti-C1-INH antibodies has been well documented, and treatment of the underlying condition may result in complete remission of angioedema. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To discuss the clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of AAE-C1-INH in the context of the care of 2 patients with recurrent isolated angioedema. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two patients were followed up prospectively at our clinic. Measurements of C3, C4, C1-INH, and C1q levels were carried out by nephelometry, and the functional activity of C1-INH was determined by a chromogenic assay. Hematological investigation included morphological and immunophenotyping analysis of peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen histopathology. Sequencing of the 8 exons and adjacent intronic regions of the <i>SERPING1</i> gene was performed using the Sanger method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two patients were diagnosed with AAE-C1-INH associated with splenic marginal zone lymphoma during follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Close follow-up, including detailed clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, of our patients with AAE-C1-INH was essential for the early diagnosis and successful treatment of the lymphoproliferative disease, leading to the resolution of the angioedema attacks.
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Irdeeva, Victoria A., Rudolf S. Arakelian, Elena I. Okunskaya, Svetlana F. Karpenko, and Gennadiy L. Shendo. "Epidemiological aspects of toxocariasis in the astrakhan region in 2000–2019." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 3 (2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma60047.
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The clinical and epidemiological situations of toxocariasis were analyzed following the International Classification of Diseases X revision (B83.0 Visceral form of diseases caused by the migration of helminth larvae [visceral Larva migrans]. Toxocariasis) in the Astrakhan region from 2000 to 2019. During this period, 76 (0.096%) cases of toxocarous infestation in humans were reported. Clinically, typical toxocariasis was found in 53 (69.7%) cases, and atypical (erased or asymptomatic) was noted in 23 (30.3%) cases. A typical toxocariasis presented as a gastrointestinal lesion in 32 (60.4%) patients, pain in the epigastric region in 31 (96.9%), complaints in the right hand in 12 (37.5%), bloating in 4 (12.5%), decreased and/or lack of appetite and nausea in 7 (21.9%), coughing in 30 (93.8%), and feeling of asphyxiation at night in 6 (18.8%). In addition, toxocariasis was accompanied by muscle damage, manifested in the form of complaints of joint pain, in 13 (24.5%) cases and rapid fatigue in 12 (92.3%) cases. A mixed form of toxocariasis was observed, manifesting as complaints of general weakness in 8 (15.1%) cases, subphebrilitis in 7 (87.5%), allergic runny nose and urticaria in 6 (75%), and reduced body weight and stratification of nails correspondences in 3 (37.5%). Albendazole was used for treatment. Sanitary and parasitological analysis of soil samples from playgrounds in Astrakhan and Astrakhan region for the presence of eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa, showed fairly high contamination of toxocar eggs in environmental objects. Thus, toxocariasis was registered in individuals of different ages (children and adults). The main causes of infection were close contact with domestic and stray animals, noncompliance with personal hygiene rules, as well as a tendency to geophagia. The criteria for the diagnosis of toxocariasis were the clinical manifestations of invasion and presence of antibodies of 1:800 and higher in the formulation of the immunoassay method.
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Aminu, D’u R., N. Madzlan, O. Idris, and A. Hamzh. "Comparison of the Main Factors of Drowning/Asphyxiation in Construction Projects Using Multi-Decision Criteria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012011.
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Abstract Drowning or asphyxiation is one of the top five types of construction accidents on-site in the world. Few studies focus on the causes and sub-factors that contribute to drowning/asphyxiation in Malaysia’s construction industry. This paper developed an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model for the factors and sub-factors for drowning/asphyxiation and determined their relative weights and priorities. Worker’s unsafe actions have a maximum weight of about 80.98% for the significant factors based on the proposed AHP model, followed by hazardous site conditions with 10.89% and management factors with 8.13%. Financial constraint carries the most weight with 20.22% for the management factors, unsafe working and operating procedures in a confined space, and water bodies have the most weight with 26.97% for hazardous site conditions. Rushing to complete the job and failure to comply with standards working procedure in a confined space or water bodies have the most weight with 17.24 % each. This study can help safety practitioners understand the primary factors and sub-factors responsible for drowning and asphyxiation, how they can reduce the risk of fatal accidents on-site, and how they can make prompt safety decisions. The proposed model also provides a tool to determine the appropriate and effective drowning/asphyxiation prevention methods.
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Rodero, Eulalia Amador, Leslie Montealegre, Laura Ardila, et al. "PERINATAL AND POSTNATAL COMPLICATIONS OF CHILDREN OF MOTHERS WITH HYPERGLYCEMIA DURING PREGNANCY. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 2022." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (2024): e145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001020812.97218.eb.
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Objective: To identify, through a systematic review, the prevalence and/or risk of peri- and postnatal complications in children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus Design and method: To answer the PICO question: What is the prevalence/risk of peri- and postnatal complications in children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus? An exhaustive review of scientific articles was carried out based on the PRISMA methodology, between June 16 and July 26, 2022, in the Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Lilacs databases. The Mesh terms, gestational diabetes, hyperglycemia, infant complications, diabetes mellitus, newborn, observational study, systematic review and overweight. They were combined with Boolean operators AND and OR and entered into the database search engines. The established limits were type of study, type of document, language, date of publication. Articles referring to children of mothers with pre-existing diseases were excluded. After passing the established filters, the methodological quality was assessed with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology STROBE and PRISMA. Those preselected underwent an assessment of the level of evidence with Sackett's proposal; those that obtained a high level and degree of recommendation were included in the present review, a total of 6 studies. Results: The main findings were: Probability of death of 56.8%; jaundice 8.7 vs. 2.1%; p < 0.000; RR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.9-5.9; respiratory distress 4.9 vs. 1.3%; p < 0.009; RR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4-6.7 and asphyxiation 2.9 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.005; RR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.8-11.1); relative risk of macrosomia OR 1.32 1.02–1.72; Macrosomia 2.9% 0.024; Hypoglycemia 5.1%0.013 Conclusions: Diabetes Mellitus associated with pregnancy continues to be an important event, causing morbidity and mortality in the mother and perinatal and postnatal effects if it is not adequately treated. The success of the treatment is based on the control of patients with GDM, from a metabolic point of view, from before conception and continuing throughout the course of pregnancy.
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Dudnyk, V. "Problem questions regarding rationale expert results in cases of occurrence deaths from strongulation asphixia." Bukovinian Medical Herald 25, no. 2(98) (2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxv.2.98.2021.8.
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Purpose – to analyze the state of the level of research and macroscopic diagnosis by forensic experts of corpses in cases of strangulation asphyxia by sectional methods, detection of specific and general asphyxial signs.Material and methods. As objects of research, the maintenance of «Conclusions of the expert» was studied, first of all, for their compliance with the «Rules of carrying out forensic medical examination (research) of corpses in the bureau of forensic medical examination» on the following indicators: 1) quality and completeness of description of external damages, dimensional parameters; 2) completeness of internal research; 3) description and reflection of species and general asphyxiation features; 4) referral to laboratory research methods; 5) use of additional sectional techniques; 6) completeness and correctness of summarizing.Results and conclusions. In accordance with the modern requirements of evidence-based medicine, when conducting forensic expert examinations of corpses with strangulation asphyxia, it is not enough to rely only on macroscopic signs when conducting forensic medical expert examinations of corpses with strangulation asphyxia. Our analysis of archival data from the "Expert Conclusions" suggests that most experts treat their responsibilities irresponsibly, do not attach importance and difference between such concepts as species characteristics of strangulation and general asphyxiation. In compiling the results, experts rely only on the presence of a strangulation furrow and general asphyxiation signs. In the “Conclusions of experts” we analyzed, some species traits were unjustifiably classified as general asphyxiation manifestations, and some were not paid attention to or were not studied at all.
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Bowles, John R., Marylyn M. McEwen, and Anne G. Rosenfeld. "Acute Myocardial Infarction Experience Among Mexican American Women." Hispanic Health Care International 16, no. 2 (2018): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540415318779926.
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Introduction: Health disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors affect a burgeoning segment of the U.S. population—Mexican American (MA) women. MAs experience disparities in the prevalence of heart disease risk factors. However, there are no studies describing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) symptoms unique to this Hispanic subgroup. The aim of the study was to describe MA women’s AMI symptom experience. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design guided the study. Data were collected in semistructured interviews with eight MA women who reported having an AMI within the past 18 months. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The overall theme was “The nature of my AMI experience.” This theme, composed of four categories, described their prodromal and AMI symptom experience: my perception of AMI, having a heart attack, AMI symptoms, and actions taken. No participants recognized prodromal or symptoms of AMI. Asphyxiatia (asphyxiating) and menos fuerza (less strength) were commonly described symptoms. Conclusion: Participants attributed both prodromal and AMI symptoms to noncardiac causes, self-managed symptoms, and delay in seeking health care. Findings suggest that community engagement through culturally tailored family-focused heart health education for MA women and their family members may improve recognition of prodromal symptoms.
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Stroganov, V. "B. S. Schultze. Ist Fraktur des Schlüsselbeins Kontraindikation ein tief asphyktisch geborenes Kind zu schwingen? (Centr. F. G-ynaecolog., 1894) Is a fracture of the clavicle a contraindication for swinging (Schultze's method) of a child born in asphyxiation?" Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 1 (2020): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd9195-96.
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Burdasov, V. M. "ASPHYXIATION AND METHODS OF DECREASING ITS EFFECTS IN FRUIT PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 168 (June 1985): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1985.168.16.
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Mushak, N. I. "Clinical efficacy of prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with primary hypertension against the background of iodine deficiency." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 3(129) (April 30, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.129.99.
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The objective: reduction in the incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with primary hypertension in conditions of endemic iodine deficiency based on the study of pregnancy and childbirth course, fetal and newborn conditions after the introduction of the developed complex of preventive and therapeutic measures. Materials and methods. A clinical analysis of 100 pregnant women has been conducted: – control group (KG) – 30 healthy pregnant women living in conditions of endemic iodine deficiency, give birth to the first time, without somatic pathology, had vaginal delivery; – And the group – 30 pregnant women with primary hypertension, who live in conditions of endemic iodine deficiency and received the usual medical and preventive measures; – II group – 40 pregnant women with primary hypertension who live in conditions of endemic iodine deficiency and received the method of prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications developed by us. Clinical and statistical analysis of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and condition of the fetus and the newborn after the introduction of the developed complex of treatment and preventive measures has been carried out. The obtained data are processed by the statistical method using the Microsoft Excel computer program. Results. Due to the use of proposed by us method, we managed to reliably reduce the frequency of gestational anemia (I group – 43.3% vs. 22.5% in group II, p<0.05), development of gestational diabetes (I group – 13.3% vs. 5.0% in the 2nd group, p<0.05), the threat of preterm labor (I group – 16.6% vs. 7.5% in the second group, p<0.05), placental dysfunction (group I – 63.3% vs. 22.5% in the second group, p<0.05); violation of microbiocenosis of the genital tract (group I – 53.3% vs. 17.5% in group ІІ, p<0.05). In addition, a significant reduction in the level of combined preeclampsia (group I – 40.0% vs. 20.0% in group II, p<0.05) and change in the incidence of FGR syndrome (group I – 40.0% vs. 22.5% in the second group, p <0.05). Significant decline in the incidence of developmental delivery complications: premature rupture of fetal membranes (I group – 26.7% vs. 15.0% in group II, p<0.05); preterm labor (group I – 13.3% vs. 5.0% in group II, p<0.05); Fetal distress (group I – 36.6% versus 15.0% in group II, p<0.05). It should be noted that the absence of PDNLP in pregnant group II versus 6.7% incidence of pregnant in group I. Reduction in the level of various forms of newborn asphyxiation: from 26.7% in group I to 15.0% in group II, p<0.05 against the background of the use of the proposed method, severe asphyxia was absent in newborns from pregnancy group II versus 3.3% cases in group І. The total incidence of newborns in the early neonatal period has significantly decreased by 1.7 times (60.0% in group I versus 35.0% in group II, p<0.05). There is no perinatal loss in group II, which also confirms the effectiveness of our proposed method. Conclusions. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic technique for the prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with primary hypertension in the background of natural iodine deficiency has made it possible to reliably reduce the frequency of obstetric and perinatal complications. This makes it possible for the proposed method to be recommended for use in therapeutic practice. Key words: course of pregnancy, childbirth, condition of newborn, obstetric and perinatal complications, primary arterial hypertension, iodine deficiency.
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Debnath, Joya, and Arpan Kumar Basak. "A study on hanging in 167 Cases." Central Medical College Journal 6, no. 2 (2023): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cemecj.v6i2.67072.
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Background: Hanging signifies an asphyxiation form which, by a noose or another constricting band tightened by body weight, is secondary to compression or restriction of the neck structures. Death due to hanging is always suicidal until and unless otherwise specified.
 Objective: To evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics in cases of death due to completed hanging in Bangladesh.
 Materials and Method: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The period of study was from July 2020 to June 2022. A total number of 167 autopsies were done during this period on dead bodies that died due to hanging. Points regarding knot of ligature material, injury to neck structures, ligature mark, and stomach condition were noted during post-mortem examinations. All information was noted in a structured data sheet. Data were analyzed using a computer-based programme statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows version 25.
 Result: This study shows maximum number of hanging cases 34.1% were in the age group of 21-30 years. Among the 167 suicide cases by hanging, the majority (69.5%) were male. Majority (56.9%) of the cases were married. Family disputes were most common motive 66(39.5%) and in females, the most common motive was marriage related harassment, particularly in married women 38(22.8%). Soft material like cloth, saree, orna, and dupatta was the preferred material for hanging in this study (85.6%) followed by firm materials (7.8%) like a rope. Hard material like iron wires, cable wires, etc were used very rarely (2.4%) and the victims who used these were almost always male.
 Conclusion: This culture has a great socio-economic burden due to the high incidence of suicidal hanging among young adults. The private essence of hanging and convenient access to ligature points and ligature supplies renders suicide avoidance challenging. Marital disappointment, organic disease issues, and dowry abuse are the primary reasons behind suicide hanging. Social, legal and psychiatric interventions are required to prevent suicide.
 Central Medical College Journal Vol 6 No 2 Jauly 2022 Page: 77-81
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Zhong, Ruqing, and Olayiwola Adeola. "Energy values of solvent-extracted canola meal and expeller-derived canola meal for broiler chickens and growing pigs determined using the regression method1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 8 (2019): 3415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz215.
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Abstract The energy values of solvent-extracted canola meal (SECM) and expeller-derived canola meal (EDCM) for broiler chickens and growing pigs were determined in 2 experiments using the regression method. Corn–soybean meal reference diet (RF) and 4 test diets were prepared. The test diets consisted of SECM or EDCM that partly replaced the energy sources in the RF at 100 or 200 g/kg, respectively. The ratios of all energy ingredients were kept similar across all experimental diets. In Exp. 1, a total of 300 birds were fed standard broiler starter diet from days 0 to 19 posthatching. On day 19, 240 birds (776 ± 79.3 g initial BW) were assigned into 5 experimental diets in a randomized complex block design with BW as a blocking factor. Excreta were collected from days 23 to 25 and ileal digesta were collected after birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation on day 26. In Exp. 2, 40 barrows (28.4 ± 1.6 kg initial BW) were allotted to 5 experimental diets according to the randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. After 5-d adaption period, the feces and urine samples were collected for 5 d by total collection method. The ileal digestible energy (IDE), apparent ME (AME), and nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AMEn) in Exp. 1 and the DE, AME, and AMEn in Exp. 2 for experimental diets and canola meals were determined. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of canola meals to RF linearly decreased the IDE, AME, and AMEn for birds fed SECM diets (P < 0.01) and the AME and AMEn for birds fed EDCM diets (P < 0.01). Furthermore, quadratic effects were also found in the IDE, AME, and AMEn by the inclusion of EDCM to RF (P < 0.05). The IDE were 2,194 and 3,514 kcal/kg DM for SECM and EDCM in broiler chickens, respectively. The respective ME and MEn values were 1,919 and 1,695 kcal/kg DM for SECM and 3,134 and 2,937 kcal/kg DM for EDCM. In Exp. 2, the SECM or EDCM addition to RF linearly decreased the AME and AMEn for pigs (P < 0.01). The DE content was also decreased linearly with the increasing level of SECM (P < 0.01). The DE, ME, and MEn of SECM for pigs were 3,109, 2,891, and 2,655 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The EDCM contained 3,850 kcal of DE, 3,581 kcal of ME, and 3,491 kcal of MEn/kg DM for pigs. In conclusion, the energy values of EDCM are greater than those of SECM for broiler chickens and pigs, and pigs utilize more of the GE in SECM and EDCM than broiler chickens.
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Lowe, Natalie M., Sean Loughran, Nicholas J. Slevin, and Beng K. Yap. "Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: The Addition of Systemic Chemotherapy to Radiotherapy Led to an Observed Improvement in Survival—A Single Centre Experience and Review of the Literature." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/674583.
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Introduction. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare yet accounts for up to 50% of all thyroid cancer deaths. This study reviews outcomes of patients with confirmed ATC referred to a tertiary oncology centre plus reviews the literature to explore how poor outcomes may be improved.Materials and Methods. The management and outcomes of 20 patients with ATC were reviewed.Results. Median age at diagnosis was 69.5 years. 19 patients died due to ATC, 40% of whom died from asphyxiation. Median survival for all cases was 59 days. Patients who had previous surgery prior to other treatment modalities had a longer median survival overall compared to those who had not had previous surgery (142 days compared to 59 days) and produced the one long-term survivor. Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (without previous surgery) was associated with longer median survival (220 days). Palliative radiotherapy alone did not decrease the rate of death by asphyxiation when compared to other single modality treatments.Conclusion. Multimodality treatment including surgery when feasible remains the best strategy to improve survival and prevent death from asphyxiation in the management of ATC. The addition of chemotherapy to our institutional protocol led to improved survival but prognosis remains very poor.