Journal articles: 'Method of PEST'

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BONNEAU, X., M. HUSNI, L. BEAUDOIN-OLLIVIER, and JOKO SUSILO. "CONTROLLING SUFETULA SPP.: A COCONUT INSECT PEST ON PEAT SOILS." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 3 (July 2007): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479707005017.

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We demonstrated experimentally that Sufetula, a root-mining insect, has a depressive effect on coconut yields on peat soils. The impact of the pest resulted in a shortfall in earnings that warranted taking control measures. We considered control methods suitable for rehabilitating infested mature coconut plantings and for preserving young coconut plantings. Currently, cultural control is the only effective method. It involves eliminating all identified shelters for the adult insect, i.e. fern cover and heaps of coconut waste (dry fronds and husks). The aim is to achieve totally bare soil, with moss cover that does not attract the pest, or planted with an unattractive intercrop such as pineapple.

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Wu, Zeming, Scott Jamieson, and James Kielbaso. "Urban Forest Pest Management." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 17, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1991.041.

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Pest management on street trees in the U.S. aims to protect an asset worth nearly $30 billion plus an investment of over $425 million dollars per year, or $10.62 per managed tree. Tree care accounts for only .49% of city budgets, and spraying, a major pest control method, is only 4% of that. Only 36% of responding cities monitor for pests. The most common method is resident complaints (26%), followed by amount of tree damaged (23%) and number of trees damaged (22%). Results are provided by region, but nationally the most often reported insects in 1986 were aphids, gypsy moth, elm leaf beetle, borers and tent caterpillars, while the diseases were Dutch elm disease, anthracnose, Verticillium, maple decline and oak wilt. The most commonly used insecticides were SevinR, malathion, diazinon, OrtheneR and dormant oil, while fungicides were benomyl, bordeaux, zineb and captan. Only about one-fourth of cities employ either systemic treatments or biological control methods.

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Wang, Kaiyi. "Interactive Insect Pest Recognition Method on Mobile Devices." Journal of Information and Computational Science 11, no. 10 (July 1, 2014): 3441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12733/jics20104034.

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Liu, Yiwen, Xian Zhang, Yanxia Gao, Taiguo Qu, and Yuanquan Shi. "Improved CNN Method for Crop Pest Identification Based on Transfer Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 16, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9709648.

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Timely treatment and elimination of diseases and pests can effectively improve the yield and quality of crops, but the current identification methods are difficult to achieve efficient and accurate research and analysis of diseases and pests. To solve this problem, this study proposes a crop pest identification method based on a multilayer network model. First, the method provides a reliable sample dataset for the recognition model through image data enhancement and other operations; the corresponding pest image recognition and analysis model is constructed based on VGG16 and Inception-ResNet-v2 transfer learning network to ensure the completeness of the recognition and analysis model; then, using the idea of an integrated algorithm, the two improved CNN series pest image recognition and analysis models are effectively fused to improve the accuracy of the model for crop pest recognition and classification. The simulation analysis is realized based on the IDADP dataset. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method for pest identification is 97.71%, which improves the poor identification effect of the current method.

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Tajika, Goro. "Method of Pest Control in Food and Medicine Factory." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 57, no. 4 (2003): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.57.501.

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Boonyaprapasorn, Arsit, Suwat Kuntanapreeda, Teerawat Sangpet, Parinya Sa Ngiamsunthorn, and Eakkachai Pengwang. "Biological Pest Control Based on Tensor Product Transformation Method." Acta Polytechnica Hungarica 17, no. 6 (2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12700/aph.17.6.2020.6.2.

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Wang, Zhibin, Kaiyi Wang, Zhongqiang Liu, Xiaofeng Wang, and Shouhui Pan. "A Cognitive Vision Method for Insect Pest Image Segmentation." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 17 (2018): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.066.

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Ebrahimi, M. A., M. H. Khoshtaghaza, S. Minaei, and B. Jamshidi. "Vision-based pest detection based on SVM classification method." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 137 (May 2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.03.016.

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Sandra, Santi, Lizawati Lizawati, and Wilyus Wilyus. "DETEKSI SERANGGA HAMA PADA GUDANG PENYIMPANAN BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu) MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA METODEPENGAMBILAN SAMPEL." Jurnal Media Pertanian 6, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.113.

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The research aims to detect insect in betel nut storage (Areca catechu) using some sampling methods. The research was conducted by survey method using three sampling methods, namely hand sampling method, yellow sticky trap method, and dome trap method. The parameters observed were types of insect pests found, insect populations obtained, and abundance of pest insect populations. The research was conducted from July to October 2018 in four betel nut storagesin Jambi City and Muaro Jambi District. Insects found in the betel nut storages with three sampling methods were 28 pest species. In the hand sampling method found 16 types of pest insects, in the yellow sticky trap trap method found 21 types of insect pests, and in the dome trap method found 21 types of insect pests. The dominant insects found in the three sampling methods were Ahasverus advena, Araecerus fasciculatus, Callosobruchus spp., Carpophilus dimidiatus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Lophocateres pusillus, Oryzaephilus mercator, Typhaea stercorea, and Tribolium castaneum.

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PATHAK, SWETA, and ALAKES MAITI. "MICROBIAL PEST CONTROL: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL." Journal of Biological Systems 18, no. 02 (June 2010): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339010003317.

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The traditional method for controlling pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative effects of chemicals has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes) have been developed as alternative control methods of a wide variety of pests. A mathematical model for microbial control of pests is formulated in this paper. The dynamical characteristics of the system are studied. The role of time-delay has been discussed. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical findings. Biological implications have been discussed.

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KOYAMA, SHIGEO. "Preventing method which rains insect pest by themself.Course of sterile insects pasturage method." Kagaku To Seibutsu 31, no. 2 (1993): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.31.137.

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Zamzami, Muhammad, Dwi Astuti, and Kusuma Estu Werdani. "The Method of snakes and ladders game in increasing student’s knowledge and attitude about prevention of pes disease." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24893/jkma.v11i1.265.

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SubdistrictBoyolaliSelois a pest endemic area, tillat any timecould bean epidemicof pest diseaseanymorebecausediscoveryis stillpositivetitersin miceandhumanbloodspecimens. Preventionneeds to bedonerightthrough thechild’searlyelementary studentstoimprove their knowledge andattitudes. The aims this research is for knowing there are the influence of health education using ladder snake method about prevention of pest disease towards knowledge level and ttitude of students in elementary school of 1 Selo Boyolali. This research method are Quasi Eksperiment with design Non-Equivalent Control Group. Research subjects areelementary school studentsgrades 4-6are divided intoan experimental groupanda control groupusing70samples. Statistical test with significant level (α=0,05) using Paired sample t-test, showed there is difference average value on knowledge level(p-value=0.000) andattitude(p-value=0.000) in the experimental groupaftertreatment and there is no difference average value on knowledge(p-value=0.202) andattitude(p-value=0.750) in the control group. The result of Independent t-test showed there any effect of health education with ladder snake about prevention of pest disease on knowledge level (p-value=0,000) and attitude (p-value=0,000). Suggestedto health practitionersto disseminate society how to prevention pest disease, especially about vector and reservoir pest disease

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Alimdjanov, Jakhongir Ergashevich, and Otabek Abdushukirovich Sulaymonov. "Quarantine Requirements For The Use Of Biological Method Of Quaranty Pest Combtok Worm." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 02, no. 08 (August 30, 2020): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue08-13.

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Ávila, Rodrigo Andrés, Cristhian Bayona, Álvaro Ricón, and Hernán Mauricio Romero. "Effect of replanting systems on populations of Strategus aloeus (L.) and Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) associated with the oil palm OxG interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis) in Southwestern Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43011.

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The oil palm replanting process produces a large amount of organic matter that, as it begins to decompose, becomes a breeding ground for various pests, including Strategus aloeus and Rhynchophorus palmarum. Different crop replanting systems are being used today. The method used depends on the plantation and it is basically associated with the costs involved in the process. However, sometimes too little attention is paid to other issues related to the new crop, such as plant health and agronomic management. This study evaluated the effect of different crop replanting alternatives in relation to two pest populations affecting oil palm plantations. Pest populations of S. aloeus and R. palmarum were assessed and monitored for 27 months using seven replanting methods. It was found that the largest number of individuals of R. palmarum and S. aloeus was associated with the stem felling and stacking method. No individuals of the two pest species were found when the felling and burying method was used. The exposed organic matter method that had the lowest number of individuals of both pest species was the felling, chipping, spreading method.

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Rani, A. Pushpa Athisaya Sakila, and Dr N. Suresh Singh. "Pest and Disease Identification in Paddy by Symptomatic Assessment of The Leaf using Hybrid CNN-LSTM Algorithm." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 6 (March 30, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f6795.0310622.

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The crop damage is caused by various types of pests that feed on the leaf, stem, roots or entire part of the plants and also by fungal, bacterial and viral infections. In most cases, the diseases are transmitted from one plant to another by vectors. The pests act as vectors in spreading most of the viral infections. It is necessary to identify the disease incidence or pest infestation in the early stages itself and contains its spread before it causes any damage to plants. Several machine and deep learning approaches are involved in rice disease and pest identification. In the preceding works Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and CNN algorithms respectively were used in identification and classification of the disease and pest that affects paddy. Here, a Hybrid CNN-LSTM method is applied for rice disease and pest identification using the various symptoms exhibited in paddy leaves. The accuracy of 97.8% in pest and disease identification proves the superiority of this method over the existing methods.

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Chand, Himani. "HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE IN PEST MANAGEMENT." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 2, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.02.2021.54.58.

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Host Plant Resistance (HPR) is an effective, economical and eco-friendly method introduced for pest management. The concept of HPR has been emphasized mainly in order to reduce the use of pesticides as it provides opportunities to improve research and extension documentation to assist producers. It can also be taken as an effective tool for sustainable agriculture also focusing over the creation of organic farming where very low doses of pesticides are said to be applied if we can focus over this technology. But still in Nepal, the limitation of germplasm availability and development of biotype that can overcome resistance compared to the developed and other developing countries creates disadvantageous situations to completely depend upon this technology right now. Much interest in biotechnology relative to developing insect-resistant plants is in methods known collectively as genetic transformation, rDNA methods, or genetic engineering. These methods enable transfer of a resistance gene that could not be transferred by traditional sexual hybridization. NARC and Government need to prioritize moreover to the entomological research from onwards by increasing manpower in this sector and developing improved resistant and also regarding storage and multiplication of those germplasms.

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Cheng, Huidong, Fang Wang, and Tongqian Zhang. "Multi-State Dependent Impulsive Control for Pest Management." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/381503.

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According to the integrated pest management strategies, we propose a model for pest control which adopts different control methods at different thresholds. By using differential equation geometry theory and the method of successor functions, we prove the existence of order one periodic solution of such system, and further, the attractiveness of the order one periodic solution by sequence convergence rules and qualitative analysis. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of our main results. Our results show that our method used in this paper is more efficient and easier than the existing ones for proving the existence of order one periodic solution.

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Mkandawire, Elina. "Evaluation of Traditional and Modernized Pest Control Methods Used by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.1.02.

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In order to compare the environmental performance of the existing pest control methods used by Malawian smallholder farmers a study was conducted to assess the environmental performance of two pest control methods used in cultivation of tomatoes (traditional pest control method vs. modernized pest control method). The study was conducted in two gardens, a farm using traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe Freedom Gardens) and another farm using modernized pest control techniques (Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club). The soil and tomato samples were analyzed, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The results revealed the presence of pesticide residues at various concentration levels both in the soil and tomato samples. The concentrations of pesticide residues regarding the Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club Gardens were; for tomatoes, Dimethoate (1.2 - 3 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin, (0.2-3 ppm) Cypermethrin (< 0.03 ppm) Mancozeb (2-4 ppm) Chlorothalonil (0.02- 3ppm) while for soil samples, Dimethoate (<0.01 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin (<0.01ppm), Cypermethrin (<0.01ppm), Mancozeb (0.3- 1ppm) and Chlorothalonil (0.02- 2ppm). For comparison purposes tomato and soil samples collected from the field that uses traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe freedom farm) were also analyzed for pesticides residues and had the following outcome, the tomatoes had Dimethoate (< 0.01 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin, (0.01 ppm) Cypermethrin (< 0.01 ppm) Mancozeb (<0.01ppm) Chlorothalonil (<0.01 ppm) while the soil samples had concentrations of Dimethoate (0.03 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin (<0.01ppm), Cypermethrin (0.02ppm), Mancozeb (0.01ppm) and Chlorothalonil (0.01ppm). Furthermore, the study collected more information on health effects of pest management methodologies through Interviews with farmers, farm workers and health practitioners in rural areas where horticultural crops such as tomatoes are mostly cultivated using farm inputs, particularly pesticides.

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Almasoum, A. A. "ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE METHOD FOR SOIL-BORNE PEST CONTROL IN GREENHOUSES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 710 (June 2006): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.710.52.

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WAHYUN, WIWIN CINDYTIA, and ARJON SAMUEL SITIO. "Pest Detection Expert System And Method Using Bayes Rice Diseases." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.411.

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Indonesia is included in an agricultural country that is rich in agriculture, fertile land in Indonesia allows for the growth of various types of plants, one of which is rice. But in the cultivation of rice plants, it will never be separated from pests and diseases of rice plants, so that the growth of rice plants is not optimal. Due to the large number of pests and diseases that can attack rice plants, it is necessary to take proper care in dealing with pests and diseases of rice plants to avoid losses that can result in reduced production of rice plants. Therefore an expert system was created which was expected to help farmers in consulting about diseases and pests contained in their rice plants to the experts without having to meet with experts directly. In its identification, the expert system for diagnosing ahama and rice disease uses the Bayes method and uses the Website in its implementation.

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Xia, Ji’An, YuWang Yang, HongXin Cao, YaQi Ke, DaoKuo Ge, WenYu Zhang, SiJun Ge, and GuangWei Chen. "Performance analysis of clustering method based on crop pest spectrum." Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 11, no. 2 (April 2018): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2018.02.004.

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Singh, Niranjan, and Neha Gupta. "Bayesian network for decision-support on pest management of tomato fruit borer, H. armigera." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 6, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v6i4.8583.

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Fruit borer (H. armigera) is the key pest of tomato, a prominent vegetable crop grown in northern plains of India. Timely availability of decision-support to the farmers on ‘whether and what management option is required’ is imperative for effective pest management. For decades, the pest economic threshold level (ETL) has been the basis to select an appropriate pest management option. This process requires quantitative information about pest activity, which needs to be scientifically observed in the farmers’ fields. However, a large section of the farming community is not able to scientifically obtain this kind of information. Moreover, in current pest management, decision-making depends upon a large range of agro-ecological information, besides pest activity. In this study, a Bayesian network-based method/model was devised for the selection of an appropriate management option for the effective management of fruit borer in tomato crop, based on tentative agro-ecological information, beside pest activity, that farmers provided. Thus, the resulting method can be used in decision support systems of agriculture with applies information and communication technology to automate and speed up the process of providing pest management decision-support to the farmers.

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GRAMMENOS, Gerasimos, Varvara KOUNELI, Antonios MAVROEIDIS, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Alexandros TATARIDAS, and Dimitrios BILALIS. "Beneficial Insects for Biological Pest Control in Greenhouse Cannabis Production." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0037.

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A greenhouse cannabis cultivation took place in Agriculture university of Athens in order to quantify the efficiency of beneficial insects as a main method of pest management. Cannabis plants grown in two greenhouses and beneficial insects were released only in one greenhouse as a means to investigate the efficacy against pests by the comparison with the control greenhouse. Measurements included the visual estimation of infestation, the recording of pest species and populations, and the comparison of infestations and yields amongst greenhouses. Our results indicate that beneficial insects could control pest populations up to 100%. Even though the environmental conditions were not optimal and consecutive pest infestations were observed throughout the duration of our study, the beneficial insects successfully managed the pest populations. In conclusion, biological control with beneficial insects is a very effective method for pest management in greenhouse cannabis production.

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Shukla, Radhe. "ECO-FRIENDLY METHOD TO CONTROL INSECT PEST AND AVOID ENVIROMENTAL POLLUTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3156.

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Pigeon pea is cultivated in Madhya Pradesh to meet domestic requirement. Fourteen insecticides of different chemical groups were tested against pod borer complex I .e Cypermethrin (0.015%) , Lambda Cyhalothrin ( 0.05%), Deltamethrin (0.04%) and Quinolphos (0.03%) were highly effective in controlling pod borer complex giving good knock down effect. Farmers use insecticides of different groups injudiciously which pose serious problems like killing of natural enemies and beneficial-insects, health hazards, environmental pollution. Neem contains Alkaloids, ie. Azadirachtin which act as repellent, antifedent can be a part of insect pest management .Four different concentrations of neem is use to control insect pest and protect crop as well to avoid environmental pollution.

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Kheirodin, Arash, Mohammad Sayari, and Jason M. Schmidt. "Rapid PCR-based method for herbivore dietary evaluation using plant-specific primers." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): e0260105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260105.

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Polyphagous pests cause significant economic loss worldwide through feeding damage on various cash crops. However, their diets in agricultural landscapes remain largely unexplored. Pest dietary evaluation in agricultural fields is a challenging task currently approached through visual observation of plant feeding and microscopic identification of semi-digested plant material in pest’s guts. While molecular gut content analysis using metabarcoding approaches using universal primers (e.g., rbcl and trnL) have been successful in evaluating polyphagous pest diet, this method is relatively costly and time-consuming. Hence, there is a need for a rapid, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective method to screen for crops in the gut of pests. This is the first study to develop plant-specific primers that target various regions of their genomes, designed using a whole plant genome sequence. We selected Verticillium wilt disease resistance protein (VE-1) and pathogenesis related protein-coding genes 1–5 (PR-1-5) as our targets and designed species-specific primers for 14 important crops in the agroecosystems. Using amplicon sizes ranging from 115 to 407 bp, we developed two multiplex primer mixes that can separate nine and five plant species per PCR reaction, respectively. These two designed primer mixes provide a rapid, sensitive and specific route for polyphagous pest dietary evaluation in agroecosystems. This work will enable future research to rapidly expand our knowledge on the diet preference and range of crops that pests consume in various agroecosystems, which will help in the redesign and development of new crop rotation regimes to minimize polyphagous pest pressure and damage on crops.

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Shahid, M. R., J. Farooq, A. Mahmood, M. S. Iqbal, K. Mahmood, and H. G. Abbas. "Economic Yield, Fiber Trait and Sucking Insect Pest Incidence on Advanced Genotypes of Cotton in Pakistan." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0016.

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Abstract To evaluate resistance against sucking insect pest of cotton 16 cultivars were used along with their economic yield and fiber traits. Population of jassid, whitefly and thrips was recorded by using leaf turn method, yield of seed cotton was determined by hand harvesting method, while qualitative fiber properties were measured through high volume instrumentation (HVI) method. Best yield performance and staple length was of FH- 158 (4000 kg/ha) (28.1 mm), respectively. Cotton cultivar FH-172 showed resistance toward jassid and thrips but FH-158 showed resistance against jassid. Thus these resistance cultivars along with other cultivars possessing resistance against insect pest should be explored. Additional research should identify the part of one pest species on the yield and fiber quality of cotton by managing other pest species to define better management strategies.

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Bayat, Mostafa, Mahdi Abbasi, and Ali Yosefi. "Improvement of Pest Detection Using Histogram Adjustment Method and Gabor Wavelet." Journal of Asian Scientific Research 6, no. 2 (2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.2/2016.6.2/2.2.24.33.

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Wang, Kaiyi, Shuifa Zhang, Zhibin Wang, Zhongqiang Liu, and Feng Yang. "Mobile smart device-based vegetable disease and insect pest recognition method." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 19, no. 3 (August 2013): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10798587.2013.823783.

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Budiman, A., P. Utomo, and S. Rahayu. "Android based rice pest detection system using learning vector quantization method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 293 (July 1, 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/293/1/012001.

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Rahim, Robbi, Nuning Nurna Dewi S, M. Zamroni, Lilla Puji Lestari, Muh Barid Nizarudin Wajdi, G. Gunawan, Irwan Irwan, et al. "Pest Plant Disease Prevention and Identification System Using Certainty Factor Method." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.18750.

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Diseases in plants are something that can happen to many plants either caused by pests or other factors, the disease in plants can be detected based on the symptoms that appear on the plant before spreading to all plants, to recognize the symptoms and types of diseases contained in plants require plant experts or also by applying expert systems with expert knowledge base applied to the system by using certain methods such as certainty factor method. Expected results with the availability of this expert system to the user can help many users to detect diseases in plants.

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Pal, Satyabrata, Arunava Ghosh, and Tapamay Dhar. "On determination of ETL – a distributional approach." Biometrical Letters 50, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2013-0021.

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Summary Economic threshold level (ETL) is an important component in pest management and control. Usually, it is determined by the grower/technologist utilizing his experience on a crop; however, for cereals the values of these indices are available. Knowledge of ETL helps reduce crop loss (and ensure less pesticide application), and as a consequence, profit is increased. Also substantial knowledge is required on the dynamics of the pest population, in order to determine the density at which the economic injury level (EIL) may be prevented (Weersink et al. 1991). This paper is devoted to the development of an analytical method (probabilistic) for determination of ETL, which is defined as the density at which control measures should be determined to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic injury level. A method to model the dynamics of the pest population is also proposed. The above method is demonstrated on a real life data set on pest (whitefly) incidence on betelvine, obtained from an experiment designed for that purpose.

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Zeng, Xianfeng, Changjiang Huang, and Liuchun Zhan. "Image Recognition Method of Agricultural Pests Based on Multisensor Image Fusion Technology." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (April 8, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6359130.

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With the rise and development of precision agriculture and smart agriculture concepts, traditional agricultural pest detection and identification methods have become increasingly unable to meet current agricultural production requirements due to their slow recognition speed, low recognition accuracy, and strong subjectivity need. This article aims to combine multifeature fusion technology with sensors to apply to crop pest detection and build crop pest detection services based on image recognition. In terms of image recognition, the use of image denoising methods based on median filtering, image preprocessing methods based on the maximum between-class error method (Otsu), image segmentation methods based on super green features, and feature extraction methods based on multiparameter features and based on the one-to-one elimination strategy and the M-SVM multiclass recognition algorithm fused with the kernel function, it realizes the identification and detection of six soybean leaf borers. The system uses the ARM920T series S3C2440 chip as the central processing unit. Through the temperature and humidity sensor and infrared, the multisensor module composed of sensors collects real-time information on the agricultural greenhouse. After normalizing the information, the central processing unit performs judgment processing and information fusion. And through experimental data, it is finally verified that the image recognition method used in this paper improves the recognition rate and effectiveness by nearly 65% in the detection of soybean leaf moth pests.

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Semerenko, Sergey, and Nadezhda Bushneva. "Plutella xylostella (L.) population control in sowings of spring rapeseed using pheromones." BIO Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224202004.

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The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common pest of rapeseed and other crops of Brassicaceae family. Annual yield losses and costs of pest control worldwide are estimated at $ 4-5 billion. The pest has an increased tendency to develop resistance to insecticides. The use of traps with synthetic sex pheromone is a modern instrumental method of monitoring P. xylostella. The use of the mating disruption method will effectively decrease pest numbers and reduce the application of insecticides. In 2017-2020, we researched the pheromone activity and evaluated the mating disruption method in the sowings of spring rapeseed at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) (Krasnodar). We established that P. xylostella males were caught in traps with all tested dispenser types. The pheromone showed the greatest activity on the foil-film dispenser (F). The mating disruption method effectively decreased P. xylostella population in rapeseed sowing; the disruption effect by the end of crop vegetation was high and reached 82.5 %.

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Christa Ulin Ginting and R. Desmier de Chenon. "ROOT ABSORPTION AS A METHOD OF INTRODUCING INSECUCIDES INTO COCONUT PALMS FOR THE CONTROL OF LEAF FEEDING CATERPILLARS." CORD 3, no. 01 (June 1, 1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v3i01.201.

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The root absorption technique has been shown to be very effective method for the control of coconut leef feeding caterpillars. However, this method, in order to be effective, requires a good system for monitoring the population level of the pest and a well organized and coordinated pest control teams. Like the trunk injection method the root absorption technique has also many advantages: high effectiveness, good distribution of insecticides in the leaves, efficient, less harmful, long remanence does not affect the natural enen‑des, thus a good method to use for integrated pest control. Furthermore, unlike the trunk injection method, the root absorption technique utilizes the root, not the trunk, of the coconut palm for introducing the pesticide. Hence, not injurious to the tree as well.

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Singh, Danian, Lionel Joseph, Zafiar Naaz, and Kelera Railoa. "Sugarcane Weevil Borer (Rhabdoscelus Obscurus) in Fiji Islands and Recommendations Towards Its Control." Outlooks on Pest Management 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v30_dec_07.

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Pests have been a constant threat to agriculture the world over. In the Fiji Islands where the major agricultural export commodity is raw sugar, the Sugarcane weevil borer is one such agricultural pest that poses a real threat to an already ailing industry. The Sugarcane weevil borer (Rhabdoscelus obscure) is a pest originally found in Papua New Guinea whose introduction into Fiji has resulted in crop damage particularly to the soft variety of sugarcane found in Fiji. This review highlights the emergence of the weevil borer and explains a possible control that could be implemented by the Fijian farmers. The current method of control in Fiji uses the split billet trap. While this method has been recognized as an economically viable method of controlling the spread of the weevil borer, it has not been completely effective in eradicating the pest. This paper highlights and puts forth recommendations on other methods which could be used by the sugarcane industry.

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Kang, Baolin, Mingfeng He, and Bing Liu. "Optimal Control of Agricultural Insects with a Stage-Structured Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/168979.

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A stage-structured pest control model with impulse effects by state feedback control is formulated, and a semicontinuous dynamic system and its successor functions are defined. The sufficient conditions of existence and attractiveness of order one periodic solution are obtained by the method of successor functions. The superiority of the state feedback control strategy in this paper is that we only need to monitor the sum of immature and mature pest populations. Moreover, our results show that our method used in this paper is more efficient and easier than the existing methods.

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Dost, Frank N. "Risk assessment and forest pest management." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67486-5.

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Prediction of potential harm, or risk assessment, is essential to planning for any vegetation management method, but the concepts and process are often not understood. This discussion is a highly simplistic description of the basic elements of toxicology and estimation of risk in excess of the high normal background. All chemical risk is directly related to the dose acquired by the subject or population. In the case of cancer, added human risk that may be associated with very low doses is expressed as a probability that is estimated by extrapolation from observations at high dose rates. Reasons for such an indirect approach and weaknesses of the present process are described.

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Skwarek, Agata, Jan Kulawik, Andrzej Czerwinski, Mariusz Pluska, and Krzysztof Witek. "A method for the tin pest presence testing in SnCu solder alloys." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 26, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-10-2013-0027.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a testing method for tin pest in tin – copper (SnCu) alloys. Tin pest is the allotropic transformation of white β-tin (body-centered tetragonal structure) into gray α-tin (diamond cubic structure) at temperatures < 13.2°C. Design/methodology/approach – Bulk samples of Sn99Cu1 weight per cent (purity, 99.9 weight per cent) were cast in the form of roller-shaped ingots with a diameter of 1.0 cm and a height of 0.7 cm. The samples were then divided into four groups. The first group included samples artificially inoculated with α-tin powder. The second group was inoculated in the same way as the samples from the first group but additionally subjected to mechanical pressing. The third group of ingots was only subjected to mechanical pressing. The fourth group of samples consisted of as-received roller-shaped ingots.All samples were divided into two groups and kept either at −18°C or at −30°C for the low-temperature storage test. For tin pest identification, a visual inspection was made, using a Hirox digital microscope over 156 days at intervals not longer than 14 days. The plot of the transformation rate, presented as the average increase in the area of α-tin warts in time, was also determined. To demonstrate the differences between regions of β- and α-tin, scanning ion microscopy observations using the focused ion beam technique was performed. Findings – The first symptoms of tin pest were observed for the inoculated, mechanically pressed samples stored at −18°C, as well as those at −30°C, after less than 14 days. In the first stage of transformation, the rate was higher at −30°C for some time but, after about 75 days of storage at sub-zero temperatures, the rate at −30°C became lower compared to the rate at −18°C. Inoculation via the application of substances which are structurally similar to α-tin was efficient for the proposed new approach of rapid testing only when applied with simultaneous mechanical pressing. Infection from pressed-in seeds, leading to conventional seeded growth, was more rapid than infection in contact with seeds (without mechanical pressing), where the transition mechanism was induced by the epitaxial growth of metastable ice. Originality/value – The new rapid method for the diagnostic testing of the susceptibility of different SnCu alloys to tin pest in a period much shorter than 14 days (within single days for storage at −30°C) is proposed and described. The test procedure described in this paper produced results several times quicker than conventional procedures, which may take years. In effect, the behavior of tin alloys in the face of tin pest may be predicted much more easily and much earlier. The same procedure can be applied to other SnCu alloys used in electronics (and in other areas), if the test samples are prepared in a similar manner.

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Chen, Ju Hong, and Yuan Wang. "SWOT-PEST Analysis of China's Dry Port." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1004.

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Dry ports are blooming quickly recently in China. The concept of dry ports was discussed and analyzed in this paper, SWOT-PEST method was used to study the environment of dry ports in China, and the suggestions to the development of China’s dry port were given at last.

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Okuguno, Masaki. "Studies on Pest Identification by Ultrasound." Applied Mechanics and Materials 894 (September 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.894.15.

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Recently, environmental damage caused by pest, invasive species Nutria has become an issue in Tottori Prefecture and development of an effective control method is in demand. Therefore, we have developed a robot that could identify pest by using ultrasonic sensor. The benefits of using this robot is that it is difficult to be influenced by environmental conditions and easily recognizes three dimensional input. Unfortunately, this robot could only confirm the presence of target object but could not identify the object, which means it could not differentiate whether the object is human or pest. In this paper, we have invented a robot that could visualize the object by using frequency-modulated ultrasound and Self-Organizing Map (SOM).

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Kundenko, M., and A. Rudenko. "Analysis of existing methods of grain processing from collar pests." Energy and automation, no. 6(58) (November 24, 2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.06.075.

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According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), which provides annual grain losses of 10% in developed countries and 30-50% in underdeveloped countries. Most of the grain losses occur during the storage process, where the main pest is collar pests. Collar pest control is performed by generally accepted methods that have the right to live in a modern market economy, but I have many contraindications. Therefore, there is an urgent issue of replacing them with innovative treatment methods that have an effective effect on pests and do not harm the human body. In light of the development of electrophysical processing methods compared to other methods, this is a highly productive, energy-intensive, safe for staff and the environment method. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal method of disinfection of grain mass by analyzing the existing method of grain processing. The analysis of literature sources is carried out and the comparison of all methods of grain mass disinfection is performed. The analysis showed the advantages of the electrophysical method of influencing grain mass with high and ultrahigh frequency and the need for further research, because there are no universal models that would take into account all components of the phenomena affecting the pest cell, tissues and biological fluids. Key words: electromagnetic field, high frequency, collar pests, grain losses, chemical treatment

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Brust, Gerald E. "A Method for Observing Below-ground Pest-Predator Interactions in Corn Agroecosystems." Journal of Entomological Science 26, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-26.1.1.

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A method was developed and evaluated in no-tillage corn fields to investigate the possibility of direct observations of below-ground pest-predator interactions. Rectangular-shaped plexiglass plates were buried parallel to each plant so that roots and a stage of southern corn rootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, .could be observed. These direct observations through plexiglass demonstrated that five predators were able to remove large numbers of SCR stages; however, only one arthropod (Lasius spp., Formicidae) was an important predator of all SCR stages. Most arthropods successfully attacked only one or two SCR stages. This method enabled detailed observations of below-ground pest-predator interactions and indicated which soil arthropods were important SCR predators. This method elucidated many aspects of SCR-predator activity that had not been possible to observe in previous experiments.

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Liu, Bing, Ying Duan, and Yinghui Gao. "Dynamics of a Stage Structure Pest Control Model with Impulsive Effects at Different Fixed Time." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2009 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/392852.

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Many existing pest control models, which control pests by releasing natural enemies, neglect the effect that natural enemies may get killed. From this point of view, we formulate a pest control model with stage structure for the pest with constant maturation time delay (through-stage time delay) and periodic releasing natural enemies and natural enemies killed at different fixed time and perform a systematic mathematical and ecological study. By using the comparison theorem and analysis method, we obtain the conditions for the global attractivity of the pest-eradication periodic solution and permanence of the system. We also present a pest management strategy in which the pest population is kept under the economic threshold level (ETL) when the pest population is uniformly permanent. We show that maturation time delay, impulsive releasing, and killing natural enemies can bring great effects on the dynamics of the system. Numerical simulations confirm our theoretical results.

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Eze, SC, and BC Echezona. "Agricultural pest control programmes, food security and safety." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 53 (August 3, 2012): 6582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.53.10385.

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Agricultural pest management control strategies are primarily concerned with food security and safety. Popular pest control methods include application of synthetic pesticides, biopesticides (plant extracts), non-chemical pest management and integrated pest management (IPM). The resistance of some of the pests to the chemical pesticides, coupled with potential health hazards on the environment gave birth to a search for botanicals as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Botanicals as biopesticides were, though effective but their shelf lives and specific actions on the target organisms have not been determined. Non-chemical pest control methods involve common cultural practices which include crop rotation, tillage, and varying time of planting or harvesting, trap cropping which appear to be the best in terms of food safety and quality but the ability of this approach to reduce pest population may be minimal. Because no single pest control method can guarantee food security and safety, integrated pest management (IPM) approach appears to hold promise. The IPM is an ecologically based approach that combines all the available pest control methods to manage pest damage by the most economical means, with the fewest possible hazards to life, property and environment. However, this review shows that the impact of integrated pest management in the rural farm communities is low. In an era of growing consumer awareness and sophistication, food quality is being emphasized. Food safety means that the agro-products should be free from pesticide residues:- therefore, aspects of farm management such as sources of seeds and seedlings, pests and weed elimination, pesticide application dates, dates and amount of fertilization, harvesting or post harvest treatments and basic information regarding the individual farmer or marketing agents activities should be certified before consuming agricultural products. Federal governments especially in developing countries are advised to mount regulating Agencies that will be responsible for a number of activities that contribute to food security and safety, water quality and pesticide applicator training as practiced in the United States of America, India and Indonesia. The agencies will ensure that the public is protected from potential health risks posed by pesticide treated foods.

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Nealis, V. G. "Natural enemies and forest pest management." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67500-5.

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Forest insect pest management differs from pest management in other renewable-resource industries because of the relative complexity and stability of the forest environment. An important component of this complexity is the rich fauna of natural enemies attacking most forest insect pests. Understanding the relationship between forest insect pests and their natural enemies would permit better insight into the dynamics of pest populations.The active release of natural enemies in inoculative or inundative release strategies is a direct application of biological control to pest management. The conservation of resident natural enemies is an indirect biological control method with great potential. Knowledge of the ecology of natural enemies can be used to modify other forest practices such as reforestation and insecticide use to conserve or enhance the action of natural enemies.

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Hughes, Gareth. "The Maximum Pest Limit Concept Explained." Plant Health Progress 4, no. 1 (January 2003): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2003-1113-05-rv.

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The maximum pest limit (MPL) concept was developed as a practical method of implementing quarantine security measures against the import of invasive pest species of plants. The MPL itself is simply a threshold upper limit, above which the pest species in question is deemed capable of establishing a population if imported in a consignment of fruit or vegetables. This limit depends on various biological and ecological characteristics of the pest species in question. Important aspects of implementation relate to how treatment and sampling may be combined to reduce the probability that the MPL will be exceeded. If a specified level of treatment efficacy is required (for example, probit nine level), then choice of an appropriate sample size becomes the main problem for regulatory authorities seeking to maintain quarantine security. Accepted for publication 16 December 2002. Published 13 November 2003.

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Ascerno, Mark. "Insect Phenology and Integrated Pest Management." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1991.003.

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Success of any pest management program requires knowing when to apply a treatment. Due to year to year weather variation, the calendar method is the least precise. Plant phenology is a more precise way to time treatments but it is subject to years when insect and plant development are not well synchronized. Pheromone trapping can be very precise but few tree and shrub insects have had their pheromones analyzed or synthesized. Insect phenology, the direct relationship of insect development to weather, can be precise and has been adapted for computer application. Lower developmental threshold, degree day, cumulative degree days, model, normal temperatures, and observed temperatures, terminology used in computer-generated predictions of insect development, are defined. One computer program created by the University of Minnesota Extension Service for predicting insect development and developing custom models is briefly described.

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Sari, Eka, Zulvia Intan Sari, Anggi Nico Flatian, and Eman Sulaeman. "ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI Beauveria bassiana SEBAGAI FUNGI ANTI HAMA." EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v3i1.755.

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Development of biological potential could to be a solution of pest problems and environmental damage by pesticides. One of the organisms that are currently often be used for biopesticides is the entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria brassiana. This study aim to isolate, characterize of pest-resistant fungi and apply it to some agricultural insect pests in vitro. Samples which used were planthoppers, aphids, grasshoppers and isolated fungi Beauveria bassiana from Biogen Laboratory. The research was conducted in Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Dramaga, Bogor. Isolation method with Insect Bait Methode. Isolation and characterization of pest-resistant fungi that are planthoppers and aphids show the result that the great possibilities are the Beauveria bassiana fungus, that is clearly visible from the obtained physical characteristics, the white and sealed hyphae and conidia round oval. In addition, the fungi which used is a pathogenic fungi on the pest of aphids, planthoppers, and grasshoppers.

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Susanti, Erni. "Prototype of Information System for Horticulture Pest and Disease Distribution." Informatika Pertanian 24, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v24n2.2015.p179-190.

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The impact of climate change on the outbreak plant pest and disease seems to be likely increased in the future. However, operational information system on the outbreak of pest and disease on horticulture crops which can provide an overview of outbreak and distribution pest both in space and time is still very limited. The objective of the study is to developed prototype information system for providing information regarding area of horticulture pest and disease outbreak both space and time punctually and accurately. SIOPTHor is the early stage study to meet information regarding distribution of pest and disease outbreak. SIOPTHor is developed to performed information system including storage, processing, and analysis of distribution of pest and disease of horticulture data both in space and time on spatial and temporal. Distribution pest and disease attack data on horticulture crops (onions, red peppers and potatoes) for main horticulture crop areas in sub district level of Java were provided by local plant protection stations (BPTPH).. SIOPTHor was developed using waterfall systems development methods. This method consist of five stages, namely requirements analysis, design, implementation/coding, testing/verification and deployment/ maintenance. The software platform used for developing the system includes: 1) operation system Microsoft Windows 7, 2) programming language C#, 3) integrated development environment Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, 4) database management system Microsoft Access 2007, 5) mapper MapWinGIS v.3, 6) and software utilities such as Collapsible Panel, Microsoft Chart for NET, and adobe photoshop portable. The results showed SIOPTHor information system display informations including:1) analysis of pest and disease distribution both in space and time, 2) the Top-k OPT analysis in sub district level, 3) The most severe pest outbreak, and 4) analysis of pest and disease vulnerable index.

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Nave, OPhir, Yifat Baron, and Manju Sharma. "A Semi-Analytical Method for Solving Problems on the Role of Prey Taxis in a Biological Control-Mathematical Model." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 10, no. 02 (June 2019): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973718500099.

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In this paper, we applied the well-known homotopy analysis methods (HAM), which is a semi-analytical method, perturbation method, to study a reaction–diffusion–advection model for the dynamics of populations under biological control. According to the predator–prey model, the advection expression represents the predator density movement in which the acceleration is proportional to the prey density gradient. The prey population reproduces logistically, and the interactions of prey population obey the Holling’s prey-dependent Type II functional response. The predation process splits into the following subdivided processes: random movement which is represented by diffusion, direct movement which is described by prey taxis, local prey interactions, and consumptions which are represented by the trophic function. In order to ensure a successful biological control, one should make the predator-pest population to stabilize at a very low level of pest density. One reason for this effect is the intermediate taxis activity. However, when the system loses stability, for example very intensive prey taxis destroys the stability, it leads to chaotic dynamics with pronounced outbreaks of pest density.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Method of PEST'

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