Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode d'approche à la rupture'
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Boué, Anaïs. "Data mining and volcanic eruption forcasting." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU007/document.
Full textEruption forecasting methods are valuable tools for supporting decision making during volcanic crises if they are integrated in a global monitoring strategy and if their potentiality and limitations are known. Many attempts for deterministic forecasting of volcanic eruptions and landslides have been performed using the material Failure Forecast Method (FFM). This method consists in adjusting an empirical power law on precursory patterns of seismicity or deformation. Until now, most of the studies have presented hindsight forecasts, based on complete time series of precursors, and do not evaluate the method's potential for carrying out real-time forecasting with partial precursory sequences. Moreover, the limited number of published examples and the absence of systematic application of the FFM makes it difficult to conclude as to the ability of the method to forecast volcanic eruptions. Thus it appears important to gain experience by carrying out systematic forecasting attempts in various eruptive contexts. In this thesis, I present a rigorous approach of the FFM designed for real-time applications on volcano-seismic precursors. I use a Bayesian approach based on the FFM theory and an automatic classification of the seismic events that do not have the same source mechanisms. The probability distributions of the data deduced from the performance of the classification are used as input. As output, the method provides the probability of the forecast time at each observation time before the eruption. The spread of the posterior probability density function of the prediction time and its stability with respect to the observation time are used as criteria to evaluate the reliability of the forecast. I show that the method developed here outperforms the classical application of the FFM both for hindsight and real-time attempts because it accurately takes the uncertainty of the data information into account. The automatic classification of volcano-seismic signals allows for a systematic application of this forecasting method to decades of seismic data from andesitic volcanoes including Volcan de Colima (Mexico) and Merapi volcano (Indonesia), and from the basaltic volcano of Piton de la Fournaise (Reunion Island, France). The number of eruptions that are not preceded by precursors is quantified, as well as the number of seismic crises that are not followed by eruptions. Then, I use 64 precursory sequences and apply the forecasting method developed in this thesis. I thus determine in which conditions the FFM can be successfully applied and I quantify the success rate of the method in real-time and in hindsight. Only 62% of the precursory sequences analysed in this thesis were suitable for the application of FFM and half of the total number of eruptions are successfully forecast in hindsight. In real-time, the method allows for the successful predictions of only 36% of the total of all eruptions considered. Nevertheless, real-time predictions are successful for 83% of the cases that fulfil the reliability criteria. Therefore, we can have a good confidence on the method when the reliability criteria are met, but the deterministic real-time forecasting tool developed in this thesis is not sufficient in itself. However, it could potentially be informative combined with other forecasting methods and supervised by an observer. These results reflect the lack of knowledge concerning the pre-eruptive mechanisms
Bourdin, Blaise. "Une Méthode variationnelle en mécanique de la rupture." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA132060.
Full textGiraud, Nelly. "Construction d'une méthode d'approche sémiotique des objets techniques : un cas d'étude : le micro-ordinateur." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO2004.
Full textJacob, Stéphane. "La personnalité alexithymique : tentative d'approche des fondements cognitifs du concept par la méthode expérimentale." Lille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIL30012.
Full textBatisse, Dominique. "Rupture sous sollicitations dynamiques d'assemblage collés." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0449.
Full textYu, Yifan. "Transformation de l'habitation à Shanghaï de 1949 à 2000 : une méthode d'approche de la morphologie." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0245.
Full textIn this paper, author try to reveal the characteristics and the regular pattern of the evolution of the habitation in Shangaï, through demonstration and analysis of the transformation of housing within the recent 50 years (from the liberation to the end of XX century). Base on the analysis both the aspect physical and non-physical, the paper emphasized on the critical factors such as historic phase, social environment, policy interference, economic system, and cultural tradition etc. . . Which constitute the foundation of the mechanisme of the housing transformation. Further more, the paper altempt to establish a new method of "morphology of habitation", as well as the framework of the theory
Michaut, Vincent. "Modélisation de la fragmentation dynamique par la méthode des éléments discrets." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601766.
Full textThieulot-Laure, Emmanuelle. "Méthode probabiliste unifiée pour la prédiction du risque de rupture en fatigue." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01199575v1.
Full textOne of the main sources of randomness in fatigue is the presence of defects in the material. So as to establish specifications about the material cleanliness, i. E. The distribution of inclusion sizes, the relation between the defect size and the risk of failure should be established. The pioneering results of Kitagawa and Takahashi have established that two domains can be distinguished: when defects are small, the endurance limit does not vary with the defect size. Endurance models are therefore expressed within the framework of continuum mechanics. On the contrary, the size of large defects should be accounted for, which is usually done within the framwork of linear elastic fracture mechanics. When the distributions of defects are wide, an accurate prediction of the failure probability requires a unified fatigue criterion in terms of defects sizes. Therefore, a non‐propagation criterion was developed. It is based on a critical elastic distortional energy around the crack tip and includes higher order terms (Tstress) of LEFM asymptotic fields, so as to be applicable to smaller defects. This criterion responds like the Dang Van criterion for small defects and like a non‐propagation threshold stress intensity factor for large defects. The probably of failure is then determined using the weakest link theory from the statistic distribution of defects sizes. However, when defects are small, their non‐propagation threshold becomes sensitive to the local environment of the defect. Therefore, the last part of this thesis concerns the fluctuation of stresses within the microstructure and its effects on the non‐propagation threshold of defects. This “microstructural” fluctuation induces a dispersion of the non‐propagation threshold, when defects have a dimension below ten grains and then vanishes progressively with the inverse of the squareroot of the defect size, when this defect size increases
Dib, Seddik. "Étude de la rupture d'assemblages métalliques liés par joint adhésif." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECAP0029.
Full textHello, Gaëtan. "Modélisation numérique de la rupture ductile par la méthode des équations intégrales de frontière." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1832.
Full textThe main goal of the works carried out during this ph-D thesis consists in developing a robust numerical strategy for the simulation of the ductile tearing phenomenon occurring in thin sheets of aluminiumalloys. The selected numerical approach belongs to the class of discontinuous methods where the cracks resulting of the damage are explicitly represented as geometrical entities. Within this framework of the non-linear fracture mechanics, reaching our aim first requires to be able to simulate efficiently the behaviour of a cracked metal sheet enduring material non-linearities. This issue is handled by the mean of a continuous description of the model based on integral equations associated to their discretized counterpart relying on the boundary element method. The extension of the elastoplastic BEM formulation to general cracked media is based on the dual BEM approach. To fulfill our initial aim, the evolution of the damage parameters has to be determined from the accurate evaluation of local mechanical fields provided by the BEM code. The modelization of the damage is hence based on the uncoupled local model of Rice/Tracey which suits to the metal sheets encountered and is easily integrated into the developed C++ BEM libraries. The coupling of these two components enables the effective simulation of resistance curves for the fracture of aeronautical panels
Billardon, René. "Etude de la rupture par la mécanique de l'endommagement." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066555.
Full textVirieux, Jean. "Séismes : rupture et onde." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653208.
Full textLarricq, Pierre. "Une méthode d'estimation des caractéristiques de rupture différée d'un matériau viscoélastique orthotrope, application au bois." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10527.
Full textDroniuc, Niculai. "Développement et applications géotechniques du calcul à la rupture par la méthode des éléments finis." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0109.
Full textVu, Hong-Nga. "Etude des relations microstructure-propriétés de polymères semi-cristallins par la méthode "Essential Work of Fracture"." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0094/these.pdf.
Full text[This thesis aims to study the fracture behaviour of ductile thin semicrystalline polymer films using the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) method. Using this method, the influence of the semicrystalline microstructure and that of the clay presence on the mechanical behaviour is addressed. In a first part, EWF method has been applied to a series of semi-crystalline polymers and it appears as a practical way to characterize fracture behaviour. The EWF test was modelled using the cohesive model in finite element calculations. These calculations give insights on the physical meaning of parameters (we and wp). In particular, we does not only correspond to the energy to create the new surface but also includes a part of plastic deformation which occurs in the inner fracture process zone. Then, the relationships between microstructure and fracture behaviour is investigated in a series of treated PET films. For those samples, the biaxially extrusion process causes fibrillar superstructure in which the microfibrils are parallel to the transversal extrusion direction. With this superstructure, the respective roles of microstructural parameters such as the crystalline phase orientation, the crystallinity degree, the tie molecules density are discussed. While the crystalline phase orientation is the key parameter governing the module anisotropy, the tie molecules density governes the fracture behavior in semicrystalline polymer. Finally, three types of semicrystallline polymer-clay nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 and compatibilized polyethylene whose morphologies are different are studied. The more exfoliated the clay, the lower is the decrease of fracture performance for the nanocomposite and the more consumed energy as the longer the path of the crack. ]
Kpegba, Koku Wolali. "Calcul des facteurs d'intensité de contraintes par la méthode de superposition des maillages." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2299.
Full textBoussekine, Abdelmadjid. "Etude de la propagation des fissures par la méthode des éléments de frontière." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0034.
Full textN'Diaye, Alioune. "Concentration des contraintes dans des structures tubulaires : Application de la mécanique de rupture d'entaille." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/UPVM_T_2001_N_Diaye_Alioune_SMZ0121.pdf.
Full textThe research reported in this thesis using F. E. M. , is shared in two parts. Part one : which consisted : 1°) to analyze the evolution of kt (S. C. F. ) in the vicinity of the weld fillet (notch free welded), in order to predict and to locate these peak hot-spot stress. 2°) to stimulate an U not chin the weld using the thin-shell elements, in order to study the incidence of the variation of the width notch on the elastic kt (S. C. F. ). In this first part the results obtained show that kt tended to decrease on both members and to grow strongly in the notch bottom, and that small width notches with ε ≥ 0,2 mm are more dangerous than those with ε ≥ 0,2 mm. Part two : consisted 3°) to stimulate a V notch in the weld using the volume elements (3D) in order to apply fracture linear mechanics and to analyze in notch bottom, the incidence of variation of the p radius on the stress intensity factors KI,P (S. I. F. ). In this second and last part, the results showed that in notch bottom the stress decrease regularly until reaching the nominal stress, then increase as we advance to the bearing segment, consequently the stress intensity factors KI,P grow up as p increases. The whole of the phenomena shows how harmful the presence of a notch within a weld fillet of a tubular T-joint (submitted to the axial, IPB and OPB loadings) is because reducing its strength to the break and its life length
Hild, François. "De la rupture des materiaux à comportement fragile." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460367.
Full textMénard, Thibault. "Développement d’une méthode Level Set pour le suivi d’interface. Application de la rupture de jet liquide." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES073.
Full textThis thesis presents new developments of Direct Numerical Simulation for the study of liquid jet atomization. Interface tracking is performed by a Level Set method, and the Ghost Fluid Method is used to capture accurately sharp discontinuties. It is first applied on the study of the destabilisation of liquid jet in the Rayleigh regime. Numerical simulation results show an encouraging agreement with theoretical and experimental results. However, the main drawback of the Level Set method is a possible mass loss, and it restricts the application of the method to low speed jets. A coupled VOF/Level Set is thus developped to ensure mass conservation. This method is applied at test cases to be validated and improved. A specific study is then devoted to the atomization of high speed jets. Simulations are carried out to create a data base of statistical variables and improve closure relations in atomization modelling. Atomization mechanisms and droplet formation are detailed by image analysing of simulation which show the diversity and complexity of these mechanisms in this condition. Finally advantage and drawback of the method are discussed
Khellil, Kamel. "Évaluation expérimentale d'un critère de rupture tensoriel polynomial tridimensionnel pour matériaux composites." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD562.
Full textAlessi, Roberto. "Variational approach to fracture mechanics with plasticity." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00847970.
Full textIn the framework of rate-independent systems, an elastic-plastic-damage model, aimed at the description of ductile fracture processes, is proposed and investigated through a variational formulation. A cohesive, or ductile, crack occurs when the displacement field suffers a discontinuity whilst still being associated to a non-vanishing tensile stress. To predict and effectively describe ductile fracture phenomena is a crucial task for many engineering materials (metals, polymers,. . . ), as testified by the great interest of the scientific community on the subject. Gradient damage models have been fruitfully used for the description of brittle fractures: in such cases, once the damage level reaches its maximum value, a crack is created where the traction between the two opposite lips immediately drops to zero. On other other hand, the perfect plasticity model could describe the formation of plastic slips at constant stress level. Hence, in order to describe the typical effects of a cohesive fracture, the main idea is to couple, through a variational approach, the perfect plasticity model and a softening gradient damage model. The use of a variational approach results in a weak and derivative-free formulation, gives effective means to deal with the concepts of bifurcation and stability, is intrinsically discrete and indicates a natural and rational way to define efficient numerical algorithms. Embedding damage effects in a plasticity model is not a new idea. Nevertheless the proposed model presents many original aspects as the coupling between plasticity and damage and the way the governing equations of the variables are found. The variational approach relies simply on three concepts: the irreversibility condition, a global, local or differential stability condition and the energy balance. The resulting model possesses a great flexibility in the possible coupled responses, depending on the constitutive parameters. These various responses are first considered by investigating in a one-dimensional quasi-static traction bar test a homogeneous evolution which highlights the main features of the model. The discussion about the stability of the homogeneous solutions leads to the existence of a critical bar length which in turn depends on the characteristic internal material length. For bars that are longer than this critical value the homogeneous response is proven to become unstable and a localization must appear. A construction of localization is then proposed which explicitly takes into account the irreversibility condition on the damage field. This allows the non-homogeneous evolution and the global response to be investigated. It turns out that in general a cohesive crack appears at the center of the damage zone before the complete rupture. At this point the plastic strain localises as a Dirac measure which becomes responsible for this cohesive crack. The associated cohesive law is obtained in a closed form in terms of the parameters of the model and it recovers the cohesive fracture law postulated by Barenblatt. Finally, a numeric scheme is proposed, which is based on an alternate minimization algorithm, and implemented through a finite element library only for the one-dimensional traction bar test. Although the adopted finite element spaces do not embed discontinuities, the numeric results agree perfectly with the analytic solutions. This is due to a kind of numeric regularisation. Nevertheless, future developments aim to extend the simulations in a two/three-dimensional setting and test a generalized finite element method
Blouin, Arnaud. "Rupture des liaisons bimétalliques dans la transition fragile-ductile." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENISE025.
Full textThe integrity of a structure is confirmed when, for all the operating conditions, nominal or accidental, the structure is able to achieve its mechanical functions, during its whole life cycle. For the most sensitive components, the nuclear safety authority requires conventional defects such as cracks to be considered within the design phase in order to ensure that these structures are tolerant to large defects. This thesis contributes to the demonstration of the main coolant line integrity of the EPR, the latest generation of reactor developed by AREVA. This piping system is composed of different materials and dissimilar metal welds (DMW) are needed. To demonstrate the fracture resistance of those welds taking into account large defects is part of the design process, as well as its validation and the demonstration of the integrity. To reach this goal, a probabilistic model, handy for industrials, is used. The first interest of this model is that it is possible to determine its parameters with tests on laboratory specimens and apply it directly to a structure case in the brittle to ductile transition. For that purpose, two cracks are considered, one in the ferritic base metal pipe of the main coolant line and another one located at the DMW. First, fracture tests are performed on specimens to better understand the fracture resistance of the weld. Then, based on finite elements analyzes, fracture probability occurrence of the DMW is compared to the one of the ferritic pipe, also sensitive to cleavage because of its metallurgical structure. Finally, this comparison shows that, for an equivalent mechanical loading, the DMW has a much better fracture resistance than the base metal pipe
AVERBUCH, DANIEL. "Approche du dimensionnement des structures en béton armé par le calcul à la rupture." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9611.
Full textPham, Thi Thanh Thao. "Un modèle d'endommagement à gradient de déformation à partir de la méthode d'homogénéisation pour les matériaux fragiles." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132034.
Full textA damage model in strain gradient from the homogenization method for brittle materials In this thesis, we have built a damage model to predict the fracture in brittle materials containing a source of stress concentration. We first developed a. Method of homogenization to establish the constitutive relations including the strain gradient for a heterogeneous material. When the strain gradient is riot negligible, the procedure of homogenization accounts for the strain gradient. In the constitutive law in a natural way. Then, as an application of this method. We constructed the constitutive relations in 2D for a linear elastic material with microcracks by adapting the self-consistent scheme. The obtained equations show that the behavior of the material depends not only on the density, but also on the average size of the mierocracks. This constitutive law has been extended to a damage model by adopting the concept proposed by Griffith. We implemented this strain gradient damage model into a finite element code. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data. It has been shown that the size effect observed in experimental studies was correctly reproduced by the proposed model. Moreover, the model is also well regularizated by the presence of strain gradient
Humbert, Laurent. "Formulation des effets tridimensionnels dans les plaques élastiques fissurées en mode I à partir de la méthode d'éléments finis et de l'interférométrie ; application à l'exploitation de la méthode des caustiques." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2252.
Full textJallouf, Salim Georges. "Approche probabiliste du dimensionnement contre le risque de rupture." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Jallouf.Salim_Georges.SMZ0511.pdf.
Full textWithin SINTAP, a probabilistic procedure has been developed to calculate the probability of failure and to determine the safety and the reliability factors. To calculate the probability of failure, a multi-dimensional integral has to be evaluated: fX(x) is known joint probability density function of the random vector X. The following parameters are treated as random parameters: • Fracture toughness • Yield strength • Ultimate tensile strength • Defect distribution The parameters can follow a normal, log-normal, Weibull or some special distributions (for the defects). The failure probability integral is very hard to evaluate using numerical integration. Instead, the following numerical algorithms are included within the procedure: • Simple Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), • First & Second -Order Reliability Method (FORM & SORM). Simple Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is a simple method that uses the fact that the failure probability integral can be interpreted as a mean value in a stochastic experiment. An estimate is therefore given by averaging a suitably large number of independent outcomes (simulations) of this experiment. First/Second-Order Reliability Method (FORM/SORM) uses a combination of both analytical and approximate methods, when estimating the probability of failure. Example of application of such a method to deferent defects is proposed. The influence of temperature on safety and reliability factors is discussed
Jundt, Géraldine. "Modèles d'endommagement et de rupture des matériaux biologiques." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544861.
Full textLe, Ba Danh. "Modélisation discrète en mécanique de la rupture des matériaux fragiles." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966789.
Full textCroix, Patrick. "Endommagement et rupture des métaux anisotropes pour la dynamique et le crash de véhicules." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/35d379a9-0ce7-47e2-b08f-5ae639026583.
Full textThe shape and orientation of the microvoids are taken into account in the finite element model developed to improve the prediction of cracks occurrence. The evolution law of porosity due to nucleation is modified to solve the problem of the non-evolution of damage in pure shearing. An identification procedure of damage parameters by the inverse method is developed. This method is based on the correlation of experimental and numerical results, obtained from tensile and Arcan tests. The identification was carried out in the case of an anisotropic aluminium material. To obtain an independence with the mesh size, two strategies are used : by an adaptive meshing based on a damage criterion and/or by the determination of the damage parameters according to the size of the mesh. This work is illustrated by several confrontations of experimental/numerical tests carried out on an extruded aluminium tube
Pham, Anh Duc. "Méthode multipôle rapide pour les équations intégrales variationnelles en élasticité tridimensionnelle et en mécanique de la rupture." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6290.
Full textEssongue-Boussougou, Simon. "Méthode des éléments finis augmentés pour la rupture quasi-fragile : application aux composites tissés à matrice céramique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0018/document.
Full textComputing the lifetime of woven Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) requires evaluating the crack density in the material (which can reach 10 mm-1). Numerical simulations at the mesoscopic scale are needed to precisely estimate it. Embedded Finite Element Methods (EFEM) seem to be the most appropriate to do so. They allow for a discrete representation of cracks with no additional degrees of freedom.We chose to work with an EFEM free from local iterations named the Augmented Finite Element Method (AFEM). Improvements over the original AFEM have been proposed. We also demonstrated that, under one hypothesis, the AFEM and the classical Finite Element Method (FEM) are fully equivalent. We then compare the accuracy of the AFEM and the classical FEM to represent weak and strong discontinuities. Finally, some examples of application of AFEM to CMC are given
Massamba, Fidèle. "Modélisation de la rupture par forces cohésives : formulations et exemples d'applications." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066616/document.
Full textIn the context of industrial applications, the linear fracture mechanics theory is not sufficient to account for various aspects of the crack propagation and it becomes necessary to use more sophisticated models like cohesive force models. The goal of the present thesis is to develop such a model in order to account for all the process of the crack propagation, from the nucleation in a sound structure to the final failure of that structure. Specifically, we use Dugdale model which contains both the concept of critical stress and of internal length. The presence of a critical stress allows us to account for the nuckleation of a crack even if the body is initially sound, in contrast with Griffith theory which require the existence of preexisting cracks. The presence of an internal length allows us to account for pertinent scale effects, once again in contrast with Griffith theory in which the predicted scale effects are only correct for large specimen, not for small specimen. This approach is used to describe the full process of cracking in several cases, either by purely analytical methods when the geometry is simple enough, or by the finite element method with the code Cast3M in the case of complex geometry
Lemiale, Vincent. "CONTRIBUTION À LA MODÉLISATION ET À LA SIMULATION NUMÉRIQUE DU DÉCOUPAGE DES MÉTAUX." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00299297.
Full textWalrick, Jean-Christophe. "Contribution au développement d'une nouvelle méthodologie pour l'étude du délaminage dans les structures stratifiées composites : Application à l'impact basse vitesse." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/667676d8-6aaa-4a04-9151-0fe7d1e9082d.
Full textA new methodology to study the behaviour of delaminated composite structures has been developed. This study can be split up into two parts : The first is about the detection of delamination in damaged laminated thin structures. In the finite element computation code, those laminated structures are modelled using shell elements. Therefore, the issue of representing the delamination mechanics within a single multi-layer element is properly tackled. The methodology uses post-process criteria based on fracture mechanics linked with damage mechanics of computation code by the effective stress tensor. In the second place, the influence of delamination over the overall behaviour of the structure is taken into account. This influence is introduced by locally changing the material characterization, progressively during the loading phase. These integrated effects change the numerical behaviour on loading and energy curves. Experimental validation studies are carried out in static tension tests, static and dynamic tests and low velocity impact with a spherical tool. The comparison between experimental and numerical results allows us to conclude to a good correlation and to the validation of this methodology. Many perspectives appeared at completion of this work
Carin, Yann. "Modélisation de la propagation dynamique de fissure." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENPC0015.
Full textDréau, Kristell. "Méthode X-FEM à ordre élevé : influence de la représentation géométrique." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0043.
Full textMesh generation of complex geometries can be very time-consuming, within a classical finite element analysis. The main difficulty arises from the necessity of the mesh to conform to physical surfaces. Discontinuities such as holes, cracks and material interfaces may not cross mesh elements. Moreover, local refinements close to discontinuities and mesh modifi-cation to track the geometrical and topological changes in crack propagation problems for example, can be difficult. Also, when geometries evolve and history dependent models are used, robust methods to transfer the solution to the new mesh are needed. The eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) was developed in order to get rid of mesh difficulties. Within the X-FEM, surfaces that are not represented explicitly by mesh boundaries can be implicitly represented by the iso-zero values of a level-set function. The finite element approximation is then enriched by additional functions to represent the local behavior of the material around discontinuities. Nowadays, X-FEM is almost used with linear shape functions and a linear representa-tion of the geometry across elements. This work deals with high order X-FEM when domains present curved boundaries. The influence of the geometrical representation of these discon-tinuities is studied with examples including free surfaces, cracks, and material interfaces in linear elasticity. New enrichment functions are proposed to accurately represent material behavior in elements cross by curved discontinuities
Carre, Hélène. "Etude du comportement à la rupture d'un matériau fragile précontraint : le verre trempé." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529410.
Full textAubertin, Pascal. "Couplage de modèles atomiques et continu, propagation dynamique de fissures." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0121.
Full textOur goal is to link two descriptions, one coming from continuum mechanics, using the X-FEM, the other being atomistic, based on molecular dynamics, in order to describe crack propagation. Using the Cauchy-Born rule, we can establish a link between some classical mechanical quantities and the type of potentiel we use. Thus, within the small displacements assumption, the two models are coherent in a material point of view. We have developped a coupling method, based upon a partition of the mechanical energy. We have sutdied a kinematic coupling enforced via Lagrange multipliers and detailed the energy balance, in the context of explicit dynamics. Finally, we have studied dynamic crack propagation on some 2D examples. The numerical implementation and the techniques that have been used to manage propagation and cracks following are given. Some examples of dynamic failure are shawn and the capabilities of the method are confirmed, particularly for managing crack branching
Attigui, Mohammed. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des structures fissurées par la mécanique de rupture." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0032.
Full textAllouti, Mustapha. "Etude de la nocivité de défauts dans les canalisations de transport de gaz tels les éraflures, les enfoncements ou leurs combinaisons." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ033S/document.
Full textThe pipelines are widely used to transport fluid and gas because they are now, the cheapest mode of transport. The concern of operators is to ensure the maintenance of networks in order to preserve the security of reported, which are usually due to failure of these lines with defects, such as : corrosion, cracks in welds and external interferences. This thesis is related to external interferences for structures under internal pressure. These external interferences are considered to be made at low strain rate and leads to defects of types : dents or gouges or a combinaison of both (dents + gouges). The aim of this work is to propose a comprehensive study, both experimental and numerical of behaviour of a pipeline under pressure containing the defects described above. It is based on extending of the theory of the limit analysis and notch fracture mechanics for dents as defect and combination of dents and gouges. The verification of the validity of some empirical rules on the acceptability of dent depth will be made simultaneously. Two failure criteria were proposed : the Oyanes's ductile fracture criterion in the case of a dent and notch fracture mechanics using volumetric method associated with stress triaxiality in the case of a combined defect (dent+ gouge)
Streiff, Dorothée. "Etude de la nucléation et de la propagation dynamique d'une rupture par la méthode des nombres d'ondes discrets." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10242.
Full textRoux, Anthony. "Modélisation par la Méthode des Eléments Discrets de la Déchirure du Complexe Musculo-Tendineux." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0023/document.
Full textTearing of the muscle-tendon complex is a common sport-related injury for athletes. Many studies reported description of this traumatism but mechanisms leading to such an injury are still unclear as are the site of mechanical failure and involved structures. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of the muscle-tendon-complex’s tear using the discrete element method and validating the numerical model with experimental data. In the first part, a literature review explains the different properties of the muscle-tendon complex main components’ in order to model it at the macroscopic scale. In the second part, the muscle-tendon complex is modeled. Validation of the mechanical behavior in passive tensile test is proposed by comparison with experimental data from L.-L. Gras on human sternocleidomastodeus muscle. Then, the different influences of morphometric parameters on the mechanical behavior of the complex are investigated. The third part focuses on the rupture. A model of the complex set of {Achilles tendon/surae triceps} is built and a tensile test until rupture is applied. Model validity is assessed by comparison with in vitro experiments from human cadavers. The fourth part focuses on the muscular activation, implemented inside fibers’ behavior. Validity of its active behavior is investigated. This fifth and last presents the enrichment with destructive tensile test. This added test allows first to study the feasibility to model the tear with the discrete element method; and second to focus on damaged structures and rupture’s mechanisms. This offers possibilities for clinical applications of this model to understand and prevent injuries caused by a tear of the muscle-tendon complex
Lu, Hai Yun. "Extension de la méthode des discontinuités de déplacement aux comportements mécaniques non linéaires." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-409.pdf.
Full textTchiyep, Piepi Guy. "Comportement viscoplastique avec rupture des argiles raides. Applications aux ouvrages souterrains." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523616.
Full textPop, Octavian. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de la topographie de la zone plastique à partir de la méthode des caustiques : application à un milieu ductile fissuré sollicité en mode I." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2310.
Full textThe present study analyses the influence of local plasticity over the displacement field’s topography, developed in a mode I loaded ductile medium, near the crack tip. In such a medium, an initially stationary crack begins to extend as soon as the plastic zone reaches a critical size. This being the case, studying the plastic zone can provide information on the imminence of the crack propagation. Due to inherent topological changes in the crack tip during the loading, a parallel light beam, incident on the specimen boundary, will be deviated from its initial trajectory, thus creating an optical caustic. Numerical studies and experimental tests conducted on polycarbonate SEN specimens, loaded in mode I beyond their initial elasticity limit, show that the plasticity can be evaluated starting from the shape of the caustics
Legrain, Grégory. "Extension de l'approche X-FEM aux grandes transformations pour la fissuration des milieux hyperélastiques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2127.
Full textRubber-like materials are used in a wide range of applications (from basic to high-tech one). Failure of rubbers is mainly caused by rupture because of cracks: In a first step, mechanical solicitations and external atmosphere make the crack initiate. Then, under mechanical loading, it propagates until the part breaks. The main subject of this work is to facilitate the numerical simulation of crack propagation in rubber-like materials. The eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM), which was developed as a mean to reduce remeshing in linear fracture mechanics is used here. Moreover, the method allows the enrichment of the finite element approximation with physical based functions. The first part of this work consists in an application of the X-FEM in the field of nonlinear fracture mechanics. In particular, we insist on the choice of a well fitted formulation for resolution, and on the use of adapted enrichment functions. In a second part, we focus on the enrichment of mixed formulations under incompressibility constraint. Strategies have been developed in order to preserve the stability of the formulations. These enrichments allow the fulfilment of the inf-sup condition in the case of holes, material inclusions and cracks under the small strain assumption. Finally, in a last part, we focus on the application of the configurational forces concept as a criterion for crack propagation in both 2D and 3D
Prabel, Benoit. "MODÉLISATION AVEC LA MÉTHODE X-FEM DE LA PROPAGATION DYNAMIQUE ET DE L'ARRÊT DE FISSURE DE CLIVAGE DANS UN ACIER DE CUVE REP." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00278939.
Full textFaure, Emmanuelle. "Plasticité et rupture de mélanges à matrice polyamide 6 et renfort minéral ou hybride minéral-élastomère." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10211.
Full textElmeguenni, Mohamed. "Effet de la triaxialité sur le comportement et la rupture du polyéthylène haute densité : approches expérimentales et numériques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10035.
Full textIn a first part of this thesis, an experimental approach based on macroscopic measurements and microscopic observations (SEM and OM) led to a better understanding of damage mechanisms in high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its stress triaxiality sensitivity. In order to examine higher stress triaxiality values, cracked samples were experimentally examined in a second part. Based on the obtained results, the relevance of the fracture mechanics concepts to characterize the fracture toughness of HDPE was critically discussed. The investigation was performed using two well-known approaches of the fracture mechanics – J-integral and EWF – using different specimen configurations (SENB, CT and DENT). To gain insight into the strain field around the crack tip, digital image correlation method was used. The third part was focused on the demonstration of the relevance of ductile damage models (based on the void volume evolution as indicator of damage) to predict the mechanical and damage behaviour of HDPE and that, until complete failure. A special attention was paid on the stress triaxiality effects. Two failure criteria using complementary approaches were examined. These approaches were found relevant in the case of HDPE. Indeed, a good agreement was found between the numerical simulations and the experimental results in terms of overall response of axisymmetric samples (true stress-strain-volumetric response) and of cracked samples (load-displacement response) and in terms of local response corresponding to kinematics fields