Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode de type hp'
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Fahs, Hassan. "Méthodes de type Galerkin discontinu d'ordre élevé pour la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell instationnaires sur des maillages simplexes non-conformes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359874.
Full textAfin d'améliorer la précision et la vitesse de convergence des méthodes GDDT précédentes, on étudie une famille de schémas saute-mouton d'ordre
arbitrairement élevé. Ces schémas temporels nous assurent sur tout maillage la conservation d'un équivalent discret de l'énergie électromagnétique ainsi que la stabilité des méthodes GDDT résultantes sous une condition de type CFL. On réalise aussi une étude de convergence /hp a priori/ ainsi qu'une étude de convergence de l'erreur sur la divergence. Des expériences numériques montrent que pour un maillage donné, le schéma saute-mouton du quatrième ordre est moins coûteux en temps de calcul et plus précis que le schéma saute-mouton du second ordre, en dépit d'une complexité arithmétique accrue.
De plus, on obtient une convergence exponentielle avec le schéma saute-mouton du quatrième ordre.
Alvarez, Aramberri Julen. "hp-Adaptive Simulation and Inversion of Magnetotelluric Measurements." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3056/document.
Full textThe magnetotelluric (MT) method is a passive exploration technique that aims at estimating the resistivity distribution of the Earth's subsurface, and therefore at providing an image of it. This process is divided into two different steps. The first one consists in recording the data. In a second step, recorded measurements are analyzed by employing numerical methods. This dissertation focuses in this second task. We provide a rigorous mathematical setting in the context of the Finite Element Method (FEM) that helps to understand the MT problem and its inversion process. In order to recover a map of the subsurface based on 2D MT measurements, we employ for the first time in Mts a multi-goal oriented self adaptive hp-Finite Element Method (FEM). We accurately solve both the full formulation as well as a secondary field formulation where the primary field is given by the solution of a 1D layered media. To truncate the computational domain, we design a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) that automatically adapts to high-contrast material properties that appear within the subsurface and on the air-ground interface. For the inversion process, we develop a first step of a Dimensionally Adaptive Method (DAM) by considering the dimension of the problem as a variable in the inversion. Additionally, this dissertation supplies a rigorous numerical analysis for the forward and inverse problems. Regarding the forward modelization, we perform a frequency sensitivity analysis, we study the effect of the source, the convergence of the hp-adaptivity, or the effect of the PML in the computation of the electromagnetic fields and impedance. As far as the inversion is concerned, we study the impact of the selected variable for the inversion process, the different information that each mode provides,and the gains of the DAM approach
Charles, Joseph. "Amélioration des performances de méthodes Galerkin discontinues d'ordre élevé pour la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell instationnaires sur des maillages simplexes." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718571.
Full textPatrizio, Matthieu. "Étude et conception d'une stratégie couplée de post-maillage/résolution pour optimiser l'efficacité numérique de la méthode Galerkin discontinue appliquée à la simulation des équations de Maxwell instationnaires." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0012/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to improving the numerical efficiency of the Discontinuous Galerkinin Time Domain (DGDT) method, in order to enhance its suitability for industrial use. One can noticethat, in an hp-conforming context, increasing correlatively the approximation order and the mesh sizeis a powerful strategy to reduce numerical costs. However, in complex geometries, the mesh can beconstrainted by the presence of small-scale inner elements, leading to hp-nonconforming configurationswith hanging nodes. The first issue we are dealing with is related to the nonconforming fluxes involvedin these configurations, whose high computational costs can deter the use of hp-coarsening strategies.In order to recover a satisfactory performance level, an original flux-lumping technique is set up. Thistechnique relies on recasting hybrid fluxes into conforming ones, and is performed by introducing twoingredients : a reconstruction operator designed to map traces from each side of a nonconforming interfaceinto the same functional space, and a lumped scalar product granting efficient integral computations.The resulting DGTD scheme is then proved to be stable and consistent, under some assumptions on thelatter two elements. Subsequently, we develop a lumped flux construction routine, and show numericalconvergence results on basic hybrid configurations. In a second part, we implement an automated strategyaiming at generating efficient hp-nonconforming meshes, well-suited to the previous DGDT scheme. To doso, a post-meshing process is formalized into a constrained optimization problem. We then put forward aheuristic hp-coarsening algorithm, based on a hierarchical coarsening approach coupled with an efficientsearch over the feasible configuration tree. Lastly, we present several numerical examples related toelectromagnetic wave propagation problems, and evaluate computational cost improvements
Marcati, Carlo. "Discontinuous hp finite element methods for elliptic eigenvalue problems with singular potentials : with applications to quantum chemistry." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS349.
Full textIn this thesis, we study elliptic eigenvalue problems with singular potentials, motivated by several models in physics and quantum chemistry, and we propose a discontinuous Galerkin hp finite element method for their solution. In these models, singular potentials occur naturally (associated with the interaction between nuclei and electrons). Our analysis starts from elliptic regularity in non homogeneous weighted Sobolev spaces. We show that elliptic operators with singular potential are isomorphisms in those spaces and that we can derive weighted analytic type estimates on the solutions to the linear eigenvalue problems. The isotropically graded hp method provides therefore approximations that converge with exponential rate to the solution of those eigenproblems. We then consider a wide class of nonlinear eigenvalue problems, and prove the convergence of numerical solutions obtained with the symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method. Furthermore, when the non linearity is polynomial, we show that we can obtain the same analytic type estimates as in the linear case, thus the numerical approximation converges exponentially. We also analyze under what conditions the eigenvalue converges at an increased rate compared to the eigenfunctions. For both the linear and nonlinear case, we perform numerical tests whose objective is both to validate the theoretical results, but also evaluate the role of sources of errors not considered previously in the analysis, and to help in the design of hp/dG graded methods for more complex problems
Guennouni, Ahmed El. "Mise en oeuvre et variantes par bloc des méthodes de type Lanczos." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-61.pdf.
Full textCe lien nous a permis, d'une part, d'implanter la methode de lanczos par bloc via les relations de recurrence satisfaites par la famille rmfop et/ou la famille adjacente, d'autre part, d'introduire quelques methodes produit par bloc combinant l'une des methodes de type lanczos par bloc et celle de la plus profonde descente globale (bl-biostab, bl-bicgstab). Ces methodes ont l'avantage d'eviter l'utilisation de la matrice transposee de a et d'ameliorer la convergence des methodes initiales. Enfin, une procedure de near breakdown partiel a ete definie et appliquee au bl-bicgstab. Elle est basee sur le processus de gram-schmidt et sur une nouvelle notion de projection (projection produit). L'algorithme obtenu, appele pnb bl-bicgstab, evite les situations de near breakdown et remedie au probleme de deflation. Les exemples numeriques proposes montrent clairement l'efficacite de cette methode
Guiz, Robin. "Influence d’additions de titane/tungstène et de vanadium sur la précipitation de carbures secondaires au sein d’alliages modèles de type HP." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM011/document.
Full textHP alloys are typically used as steam methane reforming tubes in the petrochemical industry. During service, they are exposed to temperatures between 700°C and 1000°C under gaz pressure of several MPa. Their as-cast microstructure, together with fine in-situ secondary precipitation, provide these alloys with an excellent resistance to creep deformation. Nevertheless, after long-time ageing, coarsening of secondary carbides leads to the weakening of the tubes and therefore to an accelerated damaging.The effects of some alloying elements (V, Ti/W) on secondary precipitation of M23C6 and NbC carbides were investigated through numerical simulations performed with TC-PRISMA software. On the basis of encouraging results in terms of precipitation optimization, two model HP-type alloys were cast at the laboratory and aged in the range of temperatures corresponding to service conditions. As-cast microstructures were first compared with an industrial "standard" alloy. Then, secondary precipitation were characterized for all the alloys and all ageing temperatures. Microstructural investigation highlighted the beneficial effect of vanadium and titanium/tungsten additions on secondary precipitation characteristics
Hérault, Christophe. "VERS UNE SIMULATION SANS MAILLAGE DES PHÉNOMÈNES ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUES." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689431.
Full textPagnacco, Emmanuel. "Optimisation topologique des structures de type coque." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES089.
Full textPouliot, Benoît. "Solveur GCR pour les méthodes de type mortier." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28121.
Full textThe mortar methods, introduced in 1987 by Bernadi, Maday and Patera, are part of the large family of domain decomposition methods. Combined to the finite element method, they consist in constructing a nonconforming discretization of the functional space of the problem under consideration. The last thirty years of research about these methods has provided a solid knowledge from a theoretical and practical point of view. Today, they are naturally used to solve problems of great complexity such as contact problems between deformable solids, fluid-structure interaction problems or moving mechanisms problems like gears and alternators. The aim of this thesis is to explain in details the principles of mortar methods and to develop adapted algorithms to solve the generated linear systems. We use the GCR algorithm (Generalized Conjugate Residual method) as our basic solver in our computations. We first apply a factorization of the global linear system using the natural sub-block structure of the matrix. This factorization generates a system using a Schur complement. It is on this sub-system that we use the GCR algorithm. The Schur complement is preconditioned by a rescaled mass matrix, but it is necessary to slightly modify the GCR algorithm to obtain theorical results. We show that the convergence of this modified solver is independent of the number of subdomains involved and of the diverse physical parameters. We also show that the solver slightly depends on the size of the interface mesh. We present a strategy to take care of the so called floating subdomains. The proposed solution does not require any modification to the solver. Numerical tests have been performed to show the efficiency of the modified GCR method in various cases. We consider problems with several discretization and physical parameter scales. We finally show that the solver presents an important speedup in parallel implementation.
Giraudeau, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement dynamique d'un rotor monte sur des paliers de type"squeeze film"." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0045.
Full textThis work concerns the dynamic response of a rotor supported by squeeze film bearings and on industrial applications : a rotor of the CFM 56 built by SNECMA/GE. The first chapter is devoted to a synthesis of the works concerning the prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and to the modeling of the assembly rotor/SF. In the second chapter a comparison between experimental and theoretical results is shown and the influence of different squeeze film parameters (inlet pressure, viscosity, radial clearance,. . . ) is studied. The chapter III :is the application of the method proposed to the low pressure rotor of the CFM 56. The aim is to define the dimensions an the position of the SF for obtaining satisfactory results on both rotor response and force transmitted through the bearings. Using simultaneous two SF is then proposed and the interest discussed
Schubert, Karl. "Vectorisation de la méthode des éléments finis sur un calculateur de type SIMD/SPMD." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4147.
Full textTourbier, Matthieu. "Contribution à la résolution de problèmes d'interfaces mobiles de type Dirichlet." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2114.
Full textLabedan, Rafael. "Méthode de conception d'un syntoniseur électronique reconfigurable de type micro-ruban à faibles pertes." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1144/1/LABEDAN_Rafarl.pdf.
Full textPoinard, Franck. "Méthode d'identification fréquentielle et commande robuste de type H∞ d'un procédé d'élaboration de monocristaux." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10180.
Full textAghili, Joubine. "Résolution numérique d'équations aux dérivées partielles à coefficients variables." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT250/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis deals with different aspects of the numerical resolution of Partial Differential Equations.The first chapter focuses on the Mixed High-Order method (MHO). It is a last generation mixed scheme capable of arbitrary order approximations on general meshes. The main result of this chapter is the equivalence between the MHO method and a Hybrid High-Order (HHO) primal method.In the second chapter, we apply the MHO/HHO method to problems in fluid mechanics. We first address the Stokes problem, for which a novel inf-sup stable, arbitrary-order discretization on general meshes is obtained. Optimal error estimates in both energy- and L2-norms are proved. Next, an extension to the Oseen problem is considered, for which we prove an error estimate in the energy norm where the dependence on the local Péclet number is explicitly tracked.In the third chapter, we analyse a hp version of the HHO method applied to the Darcy problem. The resulting scheme enables the use of general meshes, as well as varying polynomial orders on each face.The dependence with respect to the local anisotropy of the diffusion coefficient is explicitly tracked in both the energy- and L2-norms error estimates.In the fourth and last chapter, we address a perspective topic linked to model order reduction of diffusion problems with a parametric dependence. Our goal is in this case to understand the impact of the choice of the variational formulation (primal or mixed) used for the projection on the reduced space on the quality of the reduced model
Salloum, Samir. "Introduction du contact entre solides de type Coulomb dans une formulation variationnelle hybride." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0033.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to use the mechanics approach to represent the interface between solids with regular surfaces. A synthesis of existing models was performed which showed that either one of two approaches was taken by the authors: (1) A "Rigidités Appropriées" approach whereby the interface is modelled as a fictitious material for which the behaviour is specified, and (2) a "Contact" type approach where the slip criterion on the interface is introduced into the solid deformation functional using Lagrangian multipliers. The advantages and limitations of the two approaches were studied. The "Rigidités Appropriées" approach has a number of limitations mainly related to the description of the behaviour of the fictitious interface material. The more recent "Contact" method is a mechanics approach which only necessitates the definition of the interface slip criterion. In the main, authors introduce this criterion in the displacement variational formulation of the solid mechanics deformation problem. However, in the displacement formulation, the traction equilibrium on the inter-element boundaries is not verified. Consequently, the results in zones where the stress is concentrated, such as in areas of contact, are highly mesh dependent. In this thesis the "Contact" approach was used. An interface between the solids with a Coulomb slip criterion was introduced into a hybrid variational formulation, thus verifying the traction equilibrium in the variational sense. The resulting Euler equations show that the dilation effect is implied in the functional. A numerical solution using the finite element method was subsequently developed. The details of the element stiffness matrices are given along with the incremental iterative algorithm used to develop a finite element program. The examples tested show the benefit of the hybrid formulation for simulating the stress concentrations near the material interfaces as well as the equilibrium of the traction forces
Kobor, Diouma. "Synthèse, dopage et caractérisation de monocristaux ferroélectriques type PZN-PT par la méthode du flux." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0122/these.pdf.
Full textThe actuators and the sensors are a class of devices which use piezoelectric materials like active elements in the medical imagery (echography) and velocimetry. The characteristics sought for these materials are a good aptitude to convert the mechanical energy into electric power (and vice versa), a weak dielectric loss and a stability of the characteristics under the influence of external pressures like the electric field, the mechanical temperature and stress. Until now the materials used are ferroelectric ceramics of Lead Zircono-titanate (PZT) which was doped to obtain higher performances. Towards the end of the 80 years, a new interest was carried to the monocrystals. We synthesized monocrystals PZN-4. 5PT un-doped and doped with Mn to increase their performances. Studies on dielectric, piezoelectric, of stability and non-linearities were carried out to include/understand the behavior of these materials
Ivorra, Wilfrid. "Equations diophantiennes ternaires de type (p, p, 2) et courbes elliptiques." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066164.
Full textZouari, Wajdi. "Développement d'éléments finis ferroélectriques et ferroélastiques de type solide et coque curvilignes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10015/document.
Full textPiezoceramics like lead zirconate titanate or PZT can produce an electric potential when they are subjected to a mechanical stress and deform in the presence of an electric field. This electromechanical coupling can be described by linear constitutive equations for moderate loadings. Nevertheless, this coupling becomes highly non linear when piezoceramics are subjected to high electromechanical loadings due to the electric polarization switching. In this thesis work, a phenomenological material constitutive model that describe the electric polarization ferroelectric switching (by an electric field) and ferroelastic switching (by a mechanical stress) is proposed. To describe the loading history, two internal variables are considered and two electric and mechanical loading surfaces are defined to indicate the onset of domain switchings. A bi-dimensional version of this model is developed to study thin piezoelectric structures. The phenomenological model 2D and 3D versions are implicitly integrated by adopting the return-mapping algorithm. Two shell and hexahedral first-order finite elements are then formulated and implemented into the commercial finite element code Abaqus via the user subroutine UEL (User ELement)
Bernard, Bruno. "Interactions acoustiques entre transducteurs de type flextenseur." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/da2ea5d9-88a0-4560-85ad-315bde81f554.
Full textQuinto, Michele Arcangelo. "Méthode de reconstruction adaptive en tomographie par rayons X : optimisation sur architectures parallèles de type GPU." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT109/document.
Full textTomography reconstruction from projections data is an inverse problem widely used inthe medical imaging field. With sufficiently large number of projections over the requiredangle, the FBP (filtered backprojection) algorithms allow fast and accurate reconstructions.However in the cases of limited views (lose dose imaging) and/or limited angle (specificconstrains of the setup), the data available for inversion are not complete, the problembecomes more ill-conditioned, and the results show significant artifacts. In these situations,an alternative approach of reconstruction, based on a discrete model of the problem,consists in using an iterative algorithm or a statistical modelisation of the problem to computean estimate of the unknown object. These methods are classicaly based on a volumediscretization into a set of voxels and provide 3D maps of densities. Computation time andmemory storage are their main disadvantages. Moreover, whatever the application, thevolumes are segmented for a quantitative analysis. Numerous methods of segmentationwith different interpretations of the contours and various minimized energy functionalare offered, and the results can depend on their use.This thesis presents a novel approach of tomographic reconstruction simultaneouslyto segmentation of the different materials of the object. The process of reconstruction isno more based on a regular grid of pixels (resp. voxel) but on a mesh composed of nonregular triangles (resp. tetraedra) adapted to the shape of the studied object. After aninitialization step, the method runs into three main steps: reconstruction, segmentationand adaptation of the mesh, that iteratively alternate until convergence. Iterative algorithmsof reconstruction used in a conventionnal way have been adapted and optimizedto be performed on irregular grids of triangular or tetraedric elements. For segmentation,two methods, one based on a parametric approach (snake) and the other on a geometricapproach (level set) have been implemented to consider mono and multi materials objects.The adaptation of the mesh to the content of the estimated image is based on the previoussegmented contours that makes the mesh progressively coarse from the edges to thelimits of the domain of reconstruction. At the end of the process, the result is a classicaltomographic image in gray levels, but whose representation by an adaptive mesh toits content provide a correspoonding segmentation. The results show that the methodprovides reliable reconstruction and leads to drastically decrease the memory storage. Inthis context, the operators of projection have been implemented on parallel archituecturecalled GPU. A first 2D version shows the feasability of the full process, and an optimizedversion of the 3D operators provides more efficent compoutations
Jemal, Ellouze Fatma. "Modélisation du comportement thermomécanique d'un alliage à mémoire de forme à base de fer type Fe-Mn-Si." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10135/document.
Full textIt is well known that Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are a particular class of materials that can recover a memorized shape by simple heating. This remarkable property, called the Shape Memory Effect (SME), can be exploited in the design of original applications in order to find attractive solutions to problems encountered in various industrial fields. We propose a thermo-mechanical three-dimensional constitutive law adapted to Fe-based shape memory alloys. It takes into account the effect of the martensitic transformation and the plastic slip mechanisms and their interaction. The adopted formulation is based on a simplified micromechanical description. The macroscopic behaviour is derived by considering the equivalent homogeneous effect on a representative volume element. The Gibbs free energy expression is defined. Thermodynamic driving forces are then derived and compared to critical forces leading to the constitutive equations solved by Newton–Raphson numerical scheme. Obtained results for thermo-mechanical loadings are compared to experimental ones
Berard, Alexandre. "Transferts de champs entre maillages de type éléments finis et applications numériques en mécanique non linéaire des structures." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2045/document.
Full textIn continuum mechanics, when a problem is solved with the finite element method, field are known on nodes or on integration points, on a given mesh of the structure. If we which to use these results to perform a calculation on a second mesh, a data transfer is inevitable, especially in studies which imply adapting mesh process, or for coupling several codes. Numerical simulation must take this fact into account, which is not entirely the case today. So R&D division of EDF is eager to use some tools to remove this lock, in the software Code_Aster.There is a sum up of the work dine during the thesis. The objectives are the following: propose some methods for fields transfers, compare and describe these different approaches with theoretical analysis and numerical errors, implement one of these methods in Code_Aster, validate this implementation on some industrial cases
Martin-Gros, Gilles. "Préparation d'anticorps monoclonaux contre l'organisme de type bactérien BLO du greening des agrumes et l'organisme de type MLO dustolbur de la tomate : une méthode générale." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22004.
Full textPlassiard, Jean-Patrick. "Modélisation par la méthode des éléments discrets d'impacts de blocs rocheux sur structures de protection type merlons." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00290402.
Full textKechroud, Riyad. "Une méthode de couplage éléments finis-conditions absorbantes de type-padé pour les problèmes de diffraction acoustique." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/112/1/KECHROUD_Riyad.pdf.
Full textServant, Guy. "Caractérisation biochimique du récepteur de type 2 de l'angiotensine II par la méthode du marquage par photoaffinité." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21863.pdf.
Full textDrouet, Guillaume. "Méthode locale de type mortar pour le contact dans le cas de maillages incompatibles de degré élevé." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30142/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we develop a local "mortar" kind method to deal with the problem of contact with non-matching meshes in an optimal way into a finite element code of industrial level. In the first part of the thesis, we introduce the mathematical framework of the Local Average Contact method (LAC). This approach consists in satisfying the non-interpenetration condition in average on each element of a macro-mesh defined in a suitable way. We start by developing a new technique for proving the optimality of variational inequality approaches discretized by finite elements modeling Signorini problem without other hypothesis than the Sobolev regularity of the solution of the continuous problem. Then we define the LAC method and prove, using the new technical tools, the optimality of this local approach modeling the unilateral contact in the general case of non-matching meshes. Finally, we introduce the equivalent mixed formulation and prove its optimality and stability. In the second part of the thesis, we are interested in the numerical study of the LAC method. We confirm its ability to optimally treat the contact problem when considering non-matching meshes like standard "mortar" methods, while remaining easily implementable in an industrial finite element code. We show, for example, that the method successfully passes the Taylor patch test. Finally, we show its contribution in terms of robustness and at the quality of the contact pressures on an industrial study
Garciaherreros, Landazabal Ivan Mauricio. "Méthode de modélisation et de commande des systèmes de positionnement multi-actionnés de type Axe en Gantry." Paris, ENSAM, 2012. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00703721.
Full textGantry stages are used for high-speed high-precision motion control applications such as wafer and flat panel display manufacturing and inspection. A gantry stage is a type of Cartesian manipulator that is composed of three linear actuators on its basic configuration. Two actuators move in tandem a cross-arm along the longitudinal direction of the work-space. The third actuator, mounted on the cross-arm, carries the payload along the transverse direction of the workspace. The positioning performance of the gantry stage is principally degraded by the mechanical coupling between actuators and by the vibrations of the cross-arm along the longitudinal direction. To solve the vibration problem, the current solution is to make the cross-arm very rigid. The drawback of this solution is that rigidity is generally synonym of heaviness, which leads to the use of more powerful actuators and higher energy consumption. To solve the coupling problem, the current industrial solution is independent axis control. That is, the coupling between actuators is ignored, leading to a degraded position performance. State of the art solutions put in evidence a general lack of interest in considering the physical causes of the coupling and vibration problems into the controller design, leading to complex control architectures derived from advanced control techniques. The approach presented in this PhD. Thesis is meant to be an alternative to such techniques by proposing a methodology that is based on a detailed physical modeling of gantry stages (flexibility of the cross-arm included). This physical modeling, associated to experimental identification methods, is exploited to obtain adapted control structures and tuning methods allowing to enhance the system's performance by improving the management of its degrees of freedom. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology leads to an improved motion control of the point-tool, even for very flexible systems
Colin, Claire. "Analyse et simulation numérique par méthode combinée Volumes Finis - Éléments Finis de modèles de type Faible Mach." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I022/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some flows characterized by a low Mach number. In a first part, we develop a numerical scheme allowing the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations in the low Mach number approximation. The continuityequation is solved by a finite volume method, while the momentum and temperature equations are solved by finite elements. The scheme ensures the preservation of constant states. In a second part, we analyze a specific low Mach type model, in which the thermodynamic pressure is considered constant, and the viscosity is a particular function of the temperature. We show the existence, the uniqueness and the regularity of the solutions, as well as a maximum principle result for the temperature. Finally, in a third part, we develop a numerical scheme to simulate the equations of this model. Emphasis is placed on the discretization of the temperature equation, which is of finite volume type. Several schemes are studied and compared on criteria of precision and respect of the maximum principle. The momentum equation is discretized by finite elements, defining a new combined scheme
Servant, Guy. "Caractérisation biochimique du récepteur de type 2 de l'angiotensine II par la méthode du marquage par photoaffinité." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4088.
Full textMartin, Véronique. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaine de type relaxation d'ondes pour des équations de l'océanographie." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583196.
Full textTinzefte, Abdellatif. "Étude algorithmique et théorique de quelques méthodes de type Lanczos." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4f702b59-cffe-4448-8753-7984d036aaba.
Full textToussaint, Maxime. "Reconstruction multidimensionnelle de type mouvement cyclique en tomographie d'émission par positions: revue et nouvelle approche." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6903.
Full textRafhay, Quentin. "Modélisation des MOSFET nanométrique de type n aux matériaux de canal alternatifs dans le régime totalement ou quasi balistique." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0167.
Full textMOSFET scaling, building block of integrated circuits, do not allow to improve significantly the device performance anymore. One presently studied solution consists in substituting silicon for high mobility semiconductors (Ge or III-Vs) as channel material. Based on original analytical models, calibrated on advanced simulations (quantum, Monte Carlo), this thesis demonstrate that at nanometric scale, the performances expected from this new technologies are in fact lower than the one of conventional silicon devices. Quantum effects (confinement, tunnelling leakage) have been indeed found to be more penalizing in the case of alternative channel material transistors
Charbonnel, Pierre. "Projets d'écoles, projets de classe ? : conséquences sociologiques d'une réforme de type volontariste dans un contexte ambigu." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H009.
Full textAtouf, Mohsen. "Etude du comportement mécanique des dentures de courroies synchrones : Application aux courroies de type HTD." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0063.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the mechanical behaviour of timing belt teeth. Two scales of study has been defined. For a global study the purpose is to determine and understand the distributions of displacement along contact arc of the timing belt with the pulley in order to evaluate rigidity of the timing belt tooth and compare experimental results with nnmerical results, while for local study the purpose is to know the efforts transmission between the timing belt teeth and of the pulley teeth. For a global displacements measurements the Speckle Photography has been adapted to mechanical belt loading device. The result show a good repetition of tests and a good continuity of displacements distribution. The experimental result permit to confirm numerical modelling for local study the Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) has been used. The displacements patterns has been obtained. Good reproducibility and fringes continuity insure sufficient confidence for deformation strain patterns. Numerical programs gives then strain distributions mechanism has been advanced
Nemitz, N. "Méthode multipôle rapide et sensibilité topologique pour l'identification approchée de défauts à partir de données de type acoustique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120202.
Full textLe but de ce travail est de proposer une contribution au traitement numérique de la detection d'obstacles rigides dans des domaines acoustiques tridimensionnels bornés dont la taille est grande relativement à la longueur d'onde. Ce contexte peut être considéré comme un problème modèle, représentatif de situations physiquement plus complexes associées au contrôle non destructif, et relevant pour ses aspects théoriques de la diffraction inverse. Le contexte de la diffraction inverse présente de nombreuses difficultés sur le plan des méthodes numériques, et une grande partie des références traitant de ce type d'inversion se placent dans l'hypothèse d'un milieu infini. Celle-ci est plus pertinente pour des applications en électromagnétisme, telles que la furtivité radar, que pour l'identification de défauts dans des structures.
Nous nous plaçons donc dans le cadre classique de l'acoustique linéaire avec un domaine éclairé par des sources monochromatiques. Par ailleurs, on part du principe, également classique, de poser le problème d'inversion (identification de la position et la taille des obstacles) en termes de l'optimisation d'une fonction coût. La procédure alors employée est itérative, elle consiste à résoudre le problème direct pour des obstacles hypothétiques d'essais. Vu le coût de résolution d'un problème direct, cette approche préfère en général les algorithmes utilisant le gradient que les approches type évolutionnaire.
1 -- Résolution du problème acoustique direct par la méthode multipôle rapide. Le premier aspect sur lequel ce travail s'est penché porte sur l'accélération du problème direct (calcul du champ acoustique pour une configuration donnée d'obstacle), indispensable pour évaluer la fonction-coût du problème inverse. Plusieurs méthodes numériques existent pour cela, chacune ayant des avantages et des inconvénients ; on citera les éléments finis, les différences finies et les éléments de frontière. La méthode des éléments de frontière, qui nécessite uniquement le maillage de la frontière du domaine, est bien adaptée à la résoution du problème inverse, le remaillage nécessité par un changement de configuration d'obstacle étant très simple. L'équation intégrale conduit à un système linéaire dont la matrice est pleine et complexe, ce qui limite sévèrement (besoin mémoire O(N2) et temps de calcul O(N3)) la taille numérique (nombre N d'inconnues nodales sur les éléments de frontière) des problèmes si un solveur direct est employé. Pour traiter les calculs de grande taille occasionnés par le contexte 3D, on est ainsi amené à faire appel à un solveur itératif, qui ne demande pas le stockage de la matrice. La rapidité de résolution dépend alors essentiellement de celle du calcul d'un produit matrice-vecteur. Cette opération est a priori de complexité O(N2), rédhibitoire pour les cas de grande taille (domaine grand devant la longueur d'onde). La Fast Multipole Method (FMM), initialement proposée par Greengard et Rohklin vers 1985 et depuis étendue aux formulations intégrales de nombreux problèmes de la physique, permet d'accélérer cette phase cruciale du calcul et réduire la complexité d'un produit matrice-vecteur à O(NlogN) en dynamique.
La mise en oeuvre de la FMM pour l'acoustique linéaire en 3D est ainsi l'une des composantes importantes de ce travail. Elle s'appuie sur des études récentes (en particulier thèse Sylvand, ENPC, 2002; articles E. Darve, 2000s) effectuées dans le cadre de la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell. Le code issu de ce travail de thèse vérifie en particulier la complexité O(NlogN) théorique, et a été validé sur des solutions exactes de l'acoustique 3D.
2 -- Méthode d'identification approchée d'obstacles par sensibilité topologique. Le second point étudié porte sur l'initialisation des algorithmes d'inversion utilisant la minimisation de la fonction coût. Les algorithmes globaux (par exemple de type évolutionnaire) ne sont pas réalistes en raison du très grand nombre de simulations directes nécessaires. Les algorithmes plus classiques utilisant le gradient dépendent des choix initiaux (position, taille, forme, nombre) sur les obstacles à identifier et peuvent ne pas converger pour des choix inadéquats. Des travaux récents (Bonnet et Guzina, 2005, entre autres) ont montré que le calcul du champ de sensibilité topologique associé à la fonction coût du problème inverse (une notion initialement proposée vers 1995 pour l'optimisation topologique des structures) permet d'obtenir de bonnes informations qualitatives sur la localisation d'obstacles à identifier. Le champ de sensibilité topologique, donnant le comportement asymptotique de la fonction-coût sous l'effet de l'apparition d'un obstacle de taille infinitésimale en un point spécifié du milieu, s'exprime comme une combinaison du champ direct et du champ adjoint associé à la fonction-coût, tous deux définis en l'absence d'obstacle. Le calcul de ce champ de sensibilité repose ainsi sur l'évaluation des formules de représentation intégrale donnant les champs direct et adjoint aux points d'une grille d'échantillonnage de la région 3D dans laquelle on cherche à identifier un défaut. Ce calcul, également coûteux a priori (O(NM) pour O(N) DDLs sur la frontière et
O(M) points d'échantillonnage), est lui aussi considérablement accéléré par l'emploi de la FMM. La FMM constitue donc au total une approche numérique bien adaptée à cette méthode d'exploration globale approchée reposant sur la sensibilité topologique. Le calcul FMM du champ de sensibilité topologique a été mis en oeuvre, et son intérêt testé sur des exemples synthétiques d'inversion. En particulier, pour une fonction-coût de type moindres carrés, la sensibilité topologique dépend linéairement des erreurs de mesure, et son calcul est donc moins sensible à ces erreurs que d'autres méthodes d'inversion.
Ce travail débouche donc sur une méthode approchée et rapide, utilisant les deux aspects présentés, qui donne des indications sur le nombre d'obstacles et leurs positions dans le domaine.
Loubère, Raphaël. "Une méthode particulaire lagrangienne de type Galerkin discontinu : Application à la mécanique des fluides et l'interaction laser/plasma." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12568.
Full textFeidt, Alain. "Quelques résultats sur une méthode numérique de résolution du type Euler-Lagrange, pour les équations de Navier-Stokes." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10169.
Full textPortelenelle, Brice. "La méthode LS-STAG avec schémas diamants pour l'approximation de la diffusion : une méthode de type "cut-cell" précise et efficace pour les écoulements incompressibles en géométries 3D complexes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0136/document.
Full textThe LS-STAG method is a cartesian method for the computations of incompressible flows in complex geometries, which consists in an accurate discretisation of the Navier-Stokes equations in cut-cells, polyhedral cells with complex shape made by the intersection of cartesian mesh and the immersed boundary. Originally developed for 2D geometries, where only three types of generic cut-cells appear, its extension to 3D geometries has to deal with the large amount of cut-cells types (108). Recently, the LS-STAG method had been extended to 3D complex geometries whose boundary is parallel to an axis of the cartesian coordinate system, where there are only the extruded counterparts of 2D cut-cells. This study highlighted two points to deal with in order to develop a totally 3D method: firstly, the computation of diffusive fluxes by a simple 2-points scheme has shown to be insufficiently accurate in 3D-extruded cut-cells due to the non-orthogonality. In addition to that, implementation of these fluxes on the immersed boundary, which is done with a case by case discretisation according to the type of the cut-cells, appears to be too difficult for its successful extension to the several extra types of 3D cut-cells, and needs to be simplified and rationalized. In this thesis, the first point is solved by using the diamond scheme tool, firstly studied in 2D for the heat equation then for the Navier-Stokes equations in Boussinesq approximation, and finally extended to 3D. Moreover, the diamond schemes have been used to fully revisit the discretisation of shear stresses from Navier-Stokes equations, where the case by case procedure is removed. These modifications have permitted to come up with a systematic discretisation that is accurate and algorithmically efficient for flows in totally 3D geometries. The numerical validation of the LS-STAG method with diamond schemes is presented for a series of test cases in 2D and 3D complex geometries. The precision is firstly assessed by comparison with analytical solutions in 2D, then in 3D by the simulation of Stokes flow between two concentric spheres. The robustess of the method is highlighted by the simulations of flows past a rotating sphere, in laminar modes (steady and unsteady), as well as in a weakly turbulent mode
Le, Gall Yves. "Etude et optimisation d'un transducteur de type Janus-Helmholtz en vue d'applications en tomographie acoustique des océans." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA1013.
Full textMarriere, Nicolas. "Cryptanalyse de chiffrements par blocs avec la méthode des variances." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0922/document.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is the cryptanalysis of generalized Feistel networks with the use of the variance method.This method allows to improve existing attacks by two ways: data complexity or the number of rounds. In order to do that, we have developed a tool which computes the right values of expectations and variances.It provides a better analysis of the attacks.In the second part, we have studied the EGFN a new family of generalized Feistel networks. We have used the variance method and our tool in order to build some differential attacks. Simulations were made to confirm the theoritical study.In the last part, we have studied LILLIPUT, a concret cipher based on the EGFN.We have provided a differential analysis and build differential attacks which have unusual conditions. These attacks were found empirically by a tool that automatically look for differential attacks. In particular, we have highlighted some improbable differential attacks
Sokol, Sergueï. "Approche multi-échelle pour appariement d'images par modèles élastiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ESAE0020.
Full textLemaire, Michaël. "Caractérisation de structures du type couche sur substrat par ultrasons-lasers." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/513b930e-e6c1-459e-8b94-2fa873deb448.
Full textThe increasing use of surface coatings in fields such as electronic, microelectronic or optic makes the evaluation of their physical properties necessary. For the characterisation of elastic parameters and the thickness determination, the non-destructive ultrasonic testing can be used. More particularly, laser can generate and detect acoustic waves among which Rayleigh waves. The laser-ultrasound technique has the advantage of not requiring contact with the sample to inspect contrary to the conventional piezoelectric methods. In the coated structures, the Rayleigh wave is denatured by the layer and becomes dispersive. Several modes of propagation called Rayleigh modes can be studies. The purpose of this work was to help characterize these structures. A finite element method has been developed too in order to predict the propagation of the first Rayleigh mode. Results obtained by two complementary methods allowing a non-contact measurement in a large bandwidth (frm 5 MHz to 200 MHz) are presented, and the dispersion of the Rayleigh wave propagation velocity is analyzed to determine the thickness and elastic parameters of the considerated layers
Amblard, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement d'une endoprothèse aortique abdominale : analyse des endofuites de type I." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0088/these.pdf.
Full textAbdominal aortic aneurysm disease is a degenerative process whose ultimate event is the rupture of the vessel wall. The endovascular approach suffers from problems such as endoleaks. We develop a non-invasive methodology to observe the contact between the endoprosthesis and the aorta wall. On the one hand, this study provides an evaluation of the stresses generated by the blood flow. As blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, we use the Phan-Thien and Tanner model, resulting from the polymer rheology. The application of this model gives the parietal shear stress and the first normal stress difference. On the other hand, we develop an axisymmetric finite-element model of the complete system. This model takes into account the viscoelastic behaviour of the aorta. Plast2, an explicit dynamic finite element code, is used to simulate the behavior of the system. The system is subject to hydrostatic pressure and to the stresses generated by the blood flow. A coupled fluid-structure interaction is achieved
Amdouni, Saber. "Numerical analysis of some saddle point formulation with X-FEM type approximation on cracked or fictitious domains." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0007/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis was done in collaboration with "La Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin". It concerns the mathematical and numerical analysis of convergence and stability of mixed or hybrid formulation of constrained optimization problem with Lagrange multiplier method in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). First we try to prove the stability of the X-FEM discretization for incompressible elastostatic problem by ensured a LBB condition. The second axis, which present the main content of the thesis, is dedicated to the use of some stabilized Lagrange multiplier methods. The particularity of these stabilized methods is that the stability of the multiplier is provided by adding supplementary terms in the weak formulation. In this context, we study the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization technique applied to the frictionless unilateral contact problem with XFEM-cut-off. Then we present a new consistent method based on local projections for the stabilization of a Dirichlet condition in the framework of extended finite element method with a fictitious domain approach. Moreover we make comparative study between the local projection stabilization and the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization. Finally we use the local projection stabilization to approximate the two-dimensional linear elastostatics unilateral contact problem with Tresca frictional in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method X-FEM
Marilier, Nicolas. "Détermination par thermographie infrarouge d'un défaut du type rainure situé en face arrière d'un échantillon traité par méthode flash." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2256.
Full textBernacki, Marc. "Méthodes de type Galerkin discontinu pour la propagation des ondes en aéroacoustique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001518.
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