Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode des moments (Statistique)'
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Ben, Jedidia Lotfi. "La méthode des moments généralisés : théorie et application." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE014.
Full textRached, Imen. "Moments pondérés généralisés." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MARN0215.
Full textTrigeassou, Jean-Claude. "Contribution à l'extension de la méthode des moments en automatique : application à l'identification des systèmes linéaires." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2005.
Full textAssaf, Ali. "Applications de la méthode des moments spectraux à la dynamique des systèmes fractals : simulation numérique et théorie." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20151.
Full textArencibia, Noa Yunniel. "Méthodes rigoureuses par décomposition de domaines pour la diffusion électromagnétique par une surface rugueuse 2D." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4037.
Full textThe modeling of electromagnetic scattering by a (random) rough surface is a very active research subject. lt encounters many environmental applications such as natural soils or sea surface, or for the characterization of surface defects at the optical scale. The rigorous modeling of electromagnetic waves scattering by large abjects compared to the wavelength is a difficult task and can involve the resolution of a linear system of several millions of unknowns. Thus, the calculation of the electromagnetic field scattered by a twodimensional sea surface, has so far never been rigorously solved in the microwave frequency bands, and the cross polarization has not been reliably evaluated. This thesis aims to salve in part this problem by considering a randomly rough and perfectly conducting 2D surface with moderate dimensions. For this, we use the EFIE (Electric Field lntegral Equation) discretized by the method of moments using RWG (Rao-Wilton-Glisson) basis functions. In order to effectively salve the resulting linear system, we have chosen two domain decomposition methods, the SDIM (Subdomain Decomposition lterative Method) and the CBFM (Characteristic Basic Function Method). These methods, hybridized to the ACA (Adaptive Cross Approximation) to accelerate the coupling steps, make it possible to salve linear systems by blacks, with reduced CPU and memory complexities
Rousseau, Valérie. "Modélisation de la propagation des ondes sismiques par la méthode des moments spectraux." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20010.
Full textPoinot, Thierry. "Contribution à l'identification des systèmes : - par une méthode de surparamétrisation - en traitement des eaux." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2252.
Full textMonfrini, Emmanuel. "Identifiabilité et méthode des moments dans les mélanges généralisés de distributions du système de Pearson." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066539.
Full textGajadharsingh, Asshvin. "Application de la méthode des moments pour l'étude de la propagation non-linéaire d'impulsions dans une fibre optique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18443.
Full textTchéou, Jean-Marcel. "Analyse statistique multifractale en turbulence développée et application à la finance." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0026.
Full textSouny, Bernard. "Origine et élimination des solutions parasites dans les méthodes de Moment." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT037H.
Full textSalami, Ali. "Inférence statistique pour un modèle de dégradation en présence de variables explicatives." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608581.
Full textBellez, Sami. "Contribution à l’analyse de la diffusion bistatique par un milieu forestier dans les bandes VHF et UHF à l’aide d’une représentation intégrale du champ électrique et de mesures en chambres anéchoïques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066362.
Full textNdoumbe, Samuel. "Étude de la zone d'apparition des vagues à l'interface du film annulaire tombant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL582N.
Full textTahri, Omar. "Utilisation des moments en asservissement visuel et en calcul de pose." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10019.
Full textBenigni, Lucas. "Dynamics of eigenvectors of random matrices and eigenvalues of nonlinear models of matrices." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC003/document.
Full textThis thesis consists in two independent parts. The first part pertains to the study of eigenvectors of random matrices of Wigner-type. Firstly, we analyze the distribution of eigenvectors of deformed Wigner matrices which consist in a perturbation of a Wigner matrix by a deterministic diagonal matrix. If the two matrices are of the same order of magnitude, it was proved that eigenvectors are completely delocalized and eigenvalues belongs to the Wigner-Dyson-Mehta universality class. We study here an intermediary phase where the deterministic perturbation dominates the randomness of the Wigner matrix : eigenvectors are not completely delocalized but eigenvalues are still universal. The eigenvector entries are asymptotically Gaussian with a variance which localize them onto an explicit part of the spectrum. Moreover, their mass is concentrated around their variance in a sense of a quantum unique ergodicity property. Then, we consider correlations of different eigenvectors. To do so, we exhibit a new observable on eigenvector moments of the Dyson Brownian motion. It follows a closed parabolic equation which is a fermionic counterpart of the Bourgade-Yau eigenvector moment flow. By combining the study of these two observables, it becomes possible to study some eigenvector correlations.The second part concerns the study of eigenvalue distribution of nonlinear models of random matrices. These models appear in the study of random neural networks and correspond to a nonlinear version of sample covariance matrices in the sense that a nonlinear function, called the activation function, is applied entrywise to the matrix. The empirical eigenvalue distribution converges to a deterministic distribution characterized by a self-consistent equation of degree 4 followed by its Stieltjes transform. The distribution depends on the function only through two explicit parameters. For a specific choice of these parameters, we recover the Marchenko-Pastur distribution which stays stable after going through several layers of the network
Emidio, Fernando. "Analysis of multidimensional radiating structures by the spatial Fourier transform and computational electromagnetics." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4011.
Full textThis manuscript presents the research work in the analysis and synthesis of multidimensional radiating structures using an approach that combines Method of Moments and Spatial Fourier Transform. The source distribution (electric current) and radiation pattern are related by the spatial Fourier Transform - Fourier Relation theory (FR). Current distribution is determined using Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), namely Method of Moments (MoM). Previous work using FR theory was done by other authors on linear arrays – uniformly or nonuniformly spaced elemental radiators laid on a straight line. Present work expands FR theory to two and three dimensions on real-world structures. By using MoM we can take into account wire radius, excitation on any point (voltage generator or incident wave) and mutual coupling between elements, thus creating a realistic electromagnetic model for the antenna structure
Chanel, Clément. "Diffusion électromagnétique par un sol : Prise en compte d'un fil enfoui par l'introduction d'une impédance effective dans un code FDTD." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=504ca20a-3305-424a-9871-beabcbbf294e.
Full textThis thesis studies the electromagnetic wave scattering from a slightly rough soil in the presence of a buried wire. The problem is assumed to be two-dimensional (2D) (the rough surface depends only on one space variable) and the media separating the boundaries are assumed to be homogeneous. Firstly, a sensor was built up to measure the profiles of the rough soil in order to determine its statistical characteristics, such as the standard deviation of the heights and the correlation length. These parameters allow us to choose the adequate asymptotic electromagnetic scattering model devoted to our application: The Small Perturbation Method (SPM), valid for surface heights much smaller than the Radar wavelength. Then, from the SPM, the surface currents are expressed analytically, according to the order of expansion of the method and to the nature of the incident wave. The specific case of a plane incident wave is studied. In addition, the numerical results are compared to those obtained by a rigorous numerical method: the Method of Moments. Finally, the analytical expressions of the scattered field, obtained by SPM, allow us to derive the coherent reflection coefficient and the associated effective surface impedance. The purpose is to implement this impedance into a 3D FDTD simulation platform, in which the buried wire is taken into account
Glaude, Hadrien. "Méthodes des moments pour l’inférence de systèmes séquentiels linéaires rationnels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10107/document.
Full textLearning stochastic models generating sequences has many applications in natural language processing, speech recognitions or bioinformatics. Multiplicity Automata (MA) are graphical latent variable models that encompass a wide variety of linear systems. In particular, they can model stochastic languages, stochastic processes and controlled processes. Traditional learning algorithms such as the one of Baum-Welch are iterative, slow and may converge to local optima. A recent alternative is to use the Method of Moments (MoM) to design consistent and fast algorithms with pseudo-PAC guarantees. However, MoM-based algorithms have two main disadvantages. First, the PAC guarantees hold only if the size of the learned model corresponds to the size of the target model. Second, although these algorithms learn a function close to the target distribution, most do not ensure it will be a distribution. Thus, a model learned from a finite number of examples may return negative values or values that do not sum to one. This thesis addresses both problems. First, we extend the theoretical guarantees for compressed models, and propose a regularized spectral algorithm that adjusts the size of the model to the data. Then, an application in electronic warfare is proposed to sequence of the dwells of a super-heterodyne receiver. Finally, we design new learning algorithms based on the MoM that do not suffer the problem of negative probabilities. We show for one of them pseudo-PAC guarantees
Phan, Thanh Tung. "Contributions to the moment-SOS approach in global polynomial optimization." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1764/.
Full textPolynomial Optimization is concerned with optimization problems of the form (P) : f* = { f(x) with x in set K}, where K is a basic semi-algebraic set in Rn defined by K={x in Rn such as gj(x) less or equal 0}; and f is a real polynomial of n variables x = (x1, x2,. . . , xn). In this thesis we are interested in problems (P) where symmetries and/or structured sparsity are not easy to detect or to exploit, and where only a few (or even no) semidefinite relaxations of the moment-SOS approach can be implemented. And the issue we investigate is: How can the moment-SOS methodology be still used to help solve such problem (P)? We provide two applications of the moment-SOS approach to help solve (P) in two different contexts. * In a first contribution we consider MINLP problems on a box B = [xL, xU] of Rn and propose a moment-SOS approach to construct polynomial convex underestimators for the objective function f (if non convex) and for -gj if in the constraint gj(x) less or equal 0, the polynomial gj is not concave. We work in the context where one wishes to find a convex underestimator of a non-convex polynomial f of a few variables on a box B of Rn. The novelty with previous works on this topic is that we want to compute a polynomial convex underestimator p of f that minimizes the important tightness criterion which is the L1 norm of (f-h) on B, over all convex polynomials h of degree d _fixed. Indeed in previous works for computing a convex underestimator L of f, this tightness criterion is not taken into account directly. It turns out that the moment-SOS approach is well suited to compute a polynomial convex underestimator p that minimizes the tightness criterion and numerical experiments on a sample of non-trivial examples show that p outperforms L not only with respect to the tightness score but also in terms of the resulting lower bounds obtained by minimizing respectively p and L on B. Similar improvements also occur when we use the moment-SOS underestimator instead of the aBB-one in refinements of the aBB method. * In a second contribution we propose an algorithm that also uses an optimal solution of a semidefinite relaxation in the moment-SOS hierarchy (in fact a slight modification) to provide a feasible solution for the initial optimization problem but with no rounding procedure. In the present context, we treat the first variable x1 of x = (x1, x2,. . . . , xn) as a parameter in some bounded interval Y of R. Notice that f*=min { J(y) : y in Y} where J is the function J(y) := inf {f(x) : x in K ; x1=y}. That is one has reduced the original n-dimensional optimization problem (P) to an equivalent one-dimensional optimization problem on an interval. But of course determining the optimal value function J is even more complicated than (P) as one has to determine a function (instead of a point in Rn), an infinite-dimensional problem. But the idea is to approximate J(y) on Y by a univariate polynomial p(y) with the degree d and fortunately, computing such a univariate polynomial is possible via solving a semidefinite relaxation associated with the parameter optimization problem. The degree d of p(y) is related to the size of this semidefinite relaxation. The higher the degree d is, the better is the approximation of J(y) by p(y) and in fact, one may show that p(y) converges to J(y) in a strong sense on Y as d increases. But of course the resulting semidefinite relaxation becomes harder (or impossible) to solve as d increases and so in practice d is fixed to a small value. Once the univariate polynomial p(y) has been determined, one computes x1* in Y that minimizes p(y) on Y, a convex optimization problem that can be solved efficiently. The process is iterated to compute x2 in a similar manner, and so on, until a point x in Rn has been computed. Finally, as x* is not feasible in general, we then use x* as a starting point for a local optimization procedure to find a final feasible point x in K. When K is convex, the following variant is implemented. After having computed x1* as indicated, x2* is computed with x1 fixed at the value x1*, and x3 is computed with x1 and x2 fixed at the values x1* and x2* respectively, etc. , so that the resulting point x* is feasible, i. E. , x* in K. The same variant applies for 0/1 programs for which feasibility is easy to detect like e. G. , for MAXCUT, k-CLUSTER or 0/1-KNAPSACK problems
Pican, Nathalie. "Problèmes statistiques dans le calcul en fiabilité des plates-formes pétrolières." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112261.
Full textThis work is devoted to the improvement of statistical models in the reliability analysis of technical systems. In particular we evaluate the probability of failure of a steel-Jacket platform under extreme environmental (wave, currents, wind) loading conditions. It is based on a search for the most probable component failure sequences leading to the structure collapse. The reliability analysis requires as inputs the random internal forces and moments in every structural member (e. G. Beam element). We propose a stochastic second order characterization of the loadings, within some simulations performed through a computer program (Jackload). Sensibility studies due to random basic variables, and the possibility of model reduction are therefore investigated. Safety indices are basic tools in order to provide relations among systems and components (more or less reliable). In this way, we first discuss the merits and the limitations of usual Béta-indices. We propose a constructive method for a new Gamma-index, which is proved to be more coherent in term of probability measure of reliability
BRASSEUR, MILLARD CELINE. "Modelisation des capacites parasites des elements bobines." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30070.
Full textUccheddu, Basile. "Observateurs pour un procédé de cristallisation en batch." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751922.
Full textBen, Rejeb Amani. "Détection et correction des effets de calendrier dans le séries macroéconomiques tunisiennes." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020061.
Full textKérignard, Denis. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'identification des paramètres électriques de la machine asynchrone en régime dynamique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2325.
Full textOuvrard, Régis. "Contribution à l'identification robuste des systèmes à temps continu - application au génie des procédés." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2335.
Full textDemaldent, Edouard. "Etude de schémas de discrétisation d'ordre élevé pour les équations de Maxwell en régime harmonique." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090028.
Full textThis thesis deals with numerical simulation issues, and concerns the study of time- harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems. We are mainly interested in integral re-presentation methods and in simulations that need the use of a direct solver. Their range of application is rapidly limited with classical approximation schemes, since they require a large number of unknowns to achieve accurate results. To overcome this problem, we intend to adapt the spectral finite element method to electromagnetic integral equa-tions, then to the hybrid boundary element - finite element method (BE-FEM). The main advantage of our approach is that the Hdivconforming property (Hdiv-Hcurl within the BE-FEM) is enforced, meanwhile it can be interpreted as a point-based scheme. This al-lows a significant increase of the approximation order, that yields to a dramatical decrease of both the number of unknowns and computational costs, while ensuring the accuracy of the result. Another originality of our study lies in the development of high-order ani-sotropic hexahedral elements, to deal with conducting scatterers coated with a thin layer of material. Key words :computational electromagnetics, Maxwell equations, integral equations, hybrid boundary element - finite element method, method of moments, spectral finite element method, high-order approximation
Satria, Putra Yoga. "Numerical contributions for the study of sediment transport beneath tidal bores." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2284/document.
Full textA study of the impact of tidal bores on sediment transport by using the numerical simulation has been done in this work. Using OpenFOAM CFD software, we have generated 17 numerical simulations of tidal bores with various values of Froude number Fr, ranging from 0.99 to 1.66. Two types of tidal bores, undular and breaking, have been covered in these 17 numerical simulations. We have studied the behavior of two types of sediment particles, non-cohesive and cohesive sediment particles. For the non-cohesive sediment particles, we have resolved the Maxey and Riley equations to study the influence of undular tidal bores on the trajectory of non cohesive sediment particles. Using the fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme, the method tracker can solve the Maxey and Riley equations that requires the information of velocity fields at time t. For the cohesive sediment particles, we have calculated the distribution of cohesive sediment particles using a floc model that allows to estimate the sediment solid volume concentrationand the diameter of flocs D, presented by Winterwerp (2001). The transport equations of and D are solved using the moment method presented by Beaudoin et al. (2002 and 2004). The moment method has been used because it allows to reduce the CPU time, making feasible a parametric study. From this work, we have found a classification of tidal bores as a function of Froude number Fr. This classification is also based on the study conducted by Furgerot (2014). We have obtained that for a Froude number 1.04 < Fr < 1.43, the tidal bore is undular. For 1.43 < Fr < 1.57, the tidal bore is partially breaking that is similar with the tidal bore transtition defined by Furgerot (2014). For Fr > 1.57, the tidal bore is totally breaking. An analysis of pressure distributions has been performed by Baddour and Song (1990). We found that the total and hydrostatic pressures of undular tidal bores have great values under the crest and the trough wave. In the case of undular tidal bores, the total pressures are not equal to the hydrostatic pressures. In the case of breaking tidal bores, the total pressures become equal to the hydrostatic pressures when the tidal bores are totally breaking. The turbulence reduces the dynamic pressures. The impact of tidal bores on the transport of non-cohesive and cohesive sediment particles have been studied in this work. For the non-cohesive sediment particles, we have observed that the trajectory using the flow generated by OpenFOAM is similar with the type e trajectory proposed by Chen et al. (2010). The modifications of Chen’s model have been done by including the effects of gravity, elevation and attenuation to reproduce non-cohesive particle trajectories under an undular tidal bore. We have obtained that the relationship between the Chen’s parameters (β1 , β2 and β3) and the Froude number Fr are linear. This is because the level of turbulence for undular tidal bores is low. The flow induced by an undular tidal bore is not complex. This physical phenomenon is quasi linear. The parameter β1 , related to the front celerity of tidal bores, decreases when the Froude number Fr increases. The parameters, β2 and β3, related to the elevation and attenuation of tidal bores respectively, increase when the Froude number Fr increases. Finally, for the cohesive sediment particles, we have calculated the distribution of floc size D under two types of tidal bore, undular and breaking. We have used the initial diameter of cohesive sediment particles d = 4 μm. The initial floc size D is equal to 10 μm with the consentration of floc c = 0.5 kg/m3. And we have limited the maximum floc size equal to 2000 μm. We have obtained that the maximum value of floc size Dmax increases exponentially with the Froude number Fr
Loubère, Raphaël. "Une méthode particulaire lagrangienne de type Galerkin discontinu : Application à la mécanique des fluides et l'interaction laser/plasma." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12568.
Full textFourati, Faïza. "Distributions de Dirichlet, mesures orbitales et transformation de Markov-Krein." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066493.
Full textLepers, Thomas. "Étude dynamique des modes collectifs dans les gaz de fermions froids." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10113/document.
Full textDue to the improvement of cooling technics, recent experiments on ultracold Fermi gases now reach temperatures in the range of the nanokelvin. The main goal of these experiments is to study the so called BEC-BCS crossover. By tuning the external magnetic field around a Feschbach resonance, the scattering lengh runs from the repulsive side (a>0) to the attractive side (a<0) through the unitarity limit (a infinite). In the BEC side, where the system can form a Bose Einstein condensate of strongly bounded molecules and also in the BCS side where the atoms can form Cooper pairs, the system can become superfluid if the temperature is below the critical temperature. In order to know if the system is superfluid, one has to look at dynamical observables such the collective oscillations of the cloud. The work of this thesis deals with the dynamics of collective modes of ultracold Fermi gases. We have developped a model based on the T-matrix evaluation. We use the Boltzmann transport equation to study the collective modes in all the interaction regimes. This work shows for the first time that the frequency of the radial quadrupole mode can be more than twice the trap frequency, as it has been observed by experiments. The result comes from the incorporation of medium effects. These first results have also shown the necessity to solve numerically the Boltzmann equation. The numerical resolution shows that the determination of the relaxation time with the methods of moments was wrong by a factor 30%. Consequently, the determination of the frequency and the damping of the collective mode by this analytical method is also wrong. Thus, the improvement of this method, by considering the higher order, provides a better agreement with the numerical results. Such a calculation has never been done and shows the necessity to consider the higher order moments in the description of the collective mode of an ultracold Fermi gas in the normal with the Boltzmann equation
Andrieu, Guillaume. "Élaboration et application d'une méthode de faisceau équivalent pour l'étude des couplages électromagnétiques sur réseaux de câblages automobiles." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10152.
Full textMasucci, Antonia Maria. "Moments method for random matrices with applications to wireless communication." Thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011SUPL0011/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the analysis of the moments method, showing its importance in the application of random matrices to wireless communication. This study is conducted in the free probability framework. The concept of free convolution/deconvolution can be used to predict the spectrum of sums or products of random matrices which are asymptotically free. In this framework, we show that the moments method is very appealing and powerful in order to derive the moments/asymptotic moments for cases when the property of asymptotic freeness does not hold. In particular, we focus on Gaussian random matrices with finite dimensions and structured matrices as Vandermonde matrices. We derive the explicit series expansion of the eigenvalue distribution of various models, as noncentral Wishart distributions, as well as correlated zero mean Wishart distributions. We describe an inference framework so flexible that it is possible to apply it for repeated combinations of random ma- trices. The results that we present are implemented generating subsets, permutations, and equivalence relations. We developped a Matlab routine code in order to perform convolution or deconvolution numerically in terms of a set of input moments. We apply this inference framework to the study of cognitive networks, as well as to the study of wireless networks with high mobility. We analyze the asymptotic moments of random Vandermonde matrices with entries on the unit circle. We use them and polynomial expansion detectors in order to design a low complexity linear MMSE decoder to recover the signal transmitted by mobile users to a base station or two base stations, represented by uniform linear arrays
Diallo, Abdourahmane. "Théorie et estimation des modèles spatiaux à choix discret : application aux modèles d'occupation du sol en région PACA." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0167.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose and discuss some spatial discrete choice models that rely on the theory of random utility model, as well as some limit theorems. Although several estimation methods already exist - like likelihood maximization methods (LM) which consider ail the available information in the samples - we propose an approach by the generalized method of moments (GMM) to estimate the unknown parameters of these models. We start by recalling the theoretical results and estimate approaches of spatial discrete choice models that are going to be essential in the other chapters. In Chapter 2, we provide results of a central limit theorem in order to prove the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimators proposed in Chapters 3 and 4. The Chapter 3 extends KLIER and MCMILLEN's method in the case of a model that includes both a dependent variable and disturbances terms spatially lagged. Chapter 4 derives the multinomial case and panels data spatially lagged. Chapter 4 derives the multinomial case and panels data
Belin, Jean. "Demande de facteurs des entreprises et contraintes financières : une application aux stocks et à la R&D." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020107.
Full textPinçon, Jean-Paul. "Maintenance préventive par identification électrique et thermique d'une machine à courant continu." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2307.
Full textFerrari, André. "Contribution à l'étude et au développement de méthodes haute résolution en analyse spectrale." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE4600.
Full textThe spectral estimation of a signal composed by complex sinusoids and corrupted by a Gaussian noise is the main topic of this dissertation. Initially, a statistical approach of the problem is considered. The noise is first assumed white. Algorithms based on the spectral decomposition of the process autocorrelation matrix or on noise substraction are proposed. The particular case of a periodic signal is discussed. In a second time, the noise is assumed colored. Solutions based on the fourth order cumulants of the signal are presented. The problem is also studied in a deterministic way. A general approach based on the compensation of a data matrix under different structural constraints is developped. Finally, the performances of the different algorithms are derived performing simulations on synthetic signals
Loum, Mor Absa. "Modèle de mélange et modèles linéaires généralisés, application aux données de co-infection (arbovirus & paludisme)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS299/document.
Full textWe are interested, in this thesis, to the study of mixture models and generalized linear models, with an application to co-infection data between arboviruses and malaria parasites. After a first part dedicated to the study of co-infection using a multinomial logistic model, we propose in a second part to study the mixtures of generalized linear models. The proposed method to estimate the parameters of the mixture is a combination of a moment method and a spectral method. Finally, we propose a final section for studing extreme value mixtures under random censoring. The estimation method proposed in this section is done in two steps based on the maximization of a likelihood
Doyon, Michaël. "Demande dynamique de santé physique chez les aînés : un modèle décisionnel unifiant mathématiques et théories du vieillissement réussi." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11603.
Full textMarckert, Jean-François. "Marches aléatoires, arbres et optimalité d'algorithmes." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0310_MARCKERT.pdf.
Full textThomy, Vincent. "Etude de dispositifs radiométriques pour la mesure de température : application aux domaines industriel et médical." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-165.pdf.
Full textHamisultane, Hélène. "Evaluation des dérivés climatiques sur degrés-jours." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00283848.
Full textKubické, Gildas. "Contribution au calcul de la diffusion d'une onde électromagnétique par des réflecteurs polyédriques au-dessus d'une surface rugueuse." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2026.
Full textThis work's topic is the electromagnetic wave scattering from polyhedral reflectors located above a rough surface. First, the study is focused on the scattering from a monodimensional rough surface (2D case) and the problem is solved exactly by means of fast numerical methods. For the scalar problem, the scattering from the reflector, assimilated to a cross-shaped object, is then investigated. The Method of Moments is used as a benchmark method to validate the asymptotic analytic model based on the Physical Optics and the Geometrical Optics approximations. A rigorous formalism for a bidimensional scene composed by a scatterer located above a rough surface is then used. The fast numerical methods used for the case of a rough surface without the object can be applied by means of an iterative solution using series expansion. In order to decrease the complexity of this new numerical method, Physical Optics is applied on the cross. The hybrid model is then compared with the benchmark method for maritime scenarios. Then, an analytic asymptotic model, similar to the one proposed for the cross for the 2D case, is developped in the 3D case for the diffraction from a polyhedral reflector in free space. Finally, the validity of this model is discussed and intrinsec properties of the reflectors are underlined
Stupfler, Gilles Claude. "Un modèle de Markov caché en assurance et estimation de frontière et de point terminal." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/STUPFLER_Gilles_Claude_2011.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two parts. We first focus on introducing a new model for loss processes in insurance: it is a process (J, N, S) where (J, N) is a Markov-modulated Poisson process and S is a process whose components are piecewise constant, nondecreasing processes. The increments of S are assumed to be conditionally independent given (J, N). Assuming further that the distribution of the jumps of S belongs to some parametric family, it is shown that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the parameters of this model is strongly consistent. An EM algorithm is given to help compute the MLE in practice. The method is used on real insurance data and its performances are examined on some finite sample situations. In an independent second part, the extreme-value theory problem of estimating the (finite) right endpoint of a cumulative distribution function F is considered : given a sample of independent copies of a random variable X with distribution function F, an estimator of the right endpoint of F is designed, using a high order moments method. We first consider the case when X is nonnegative, and the method is then generalised to the case when X is an arbitrary random variable with finite right endpoint by introducing another estimator. The asymptotic properties of both estimators are studied, and their performances are examined on some simulations. Based upon that work, an estimator of the frontier of the support of a random pair is constructed. Its asymptotic properties are discussed, and the method is compared to other classical methods in this framework
Gao, Xuejun. "Application of Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method To Calculate Power Converter Electromagnetic Fields." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21425.
Full textRabusseau, Guillaume. "A tensor perspective on weighted automata, low-rank regression and algebraic mixtures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4062.
Full textThis thesis tackles several problems exploring connections between tensors and machine learning. In the first chapter, we propose an extension of the classical notion of recognizable function on strings and trees to graphs. We first show that the computations of weighted automata on strings and trees can be interpreted in a natural and unifying way using tensor networks, which naturally leads us to define a computational model on graphs: graph weighted models; we then study fundamental properties of this model and present preliminary learning results. The second chapter tackles a model reduction problem for weighted tree automata. We propose a principled approach to the following problem: given a weighted tree automaton with n states, how can we find an automaton with m
Ahmed, Mohamed Salem. "Contribution à la statistique spatiale et l'analyse de données fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30047/document.
Full textThis thesis is about statistical inference for spatial and/or functional data. Indeed, weare interested in estimation of unknown parameters of some models from random or nonrandom(stratified) samples composed of independent or spatially dependent variables.The specificity of the proposed methods lies in the fact that they take into considerationthe considered sample nature (stratified or spatial sample).We begin by studying data valued in a space of infinite dimension or so-called ”functionaldata”. First, we study a functional binary choice model explored in a case-controlor choice-based sample design context. The specificity of this study is that the proposedmethod takes into account the sampling scheme. We describe a conditional likelihoodfunction under the sampling distribution and a reduction of dimension strategy to definea feasible conditional maximum likelihood estimator of the model. Asymptotic propertiesof the proposed estimates as well as their application to simulated and real data are given.Secondly, we explore a functional linear autoregressive spatial model whose particularityis on the functional nature of the explanatory variable and the structure of the spatialdependence. The estimation procedure consists of reducing the infinite dimension of thefunctional variable and maximizing a quasi-likelihood function. We establish the consistencyand asymptotic normality of the estimator. The usefulness of the methodology isillustrated via simulations and an application to some real data.In the second part of the thesis, we address some estimation and prediction problemsof real random spatial variables. We start by generalizing the k-nearest neighbors method,namely k-NN, to predict a spatial process at non-observed locations using some covariates.The specificity of the proposed k-NN predictor lies in the fact that it is flexible and allowsa number of heterogeneity in the covariate. We establish the almost complete convergencewith rates of the spatial predictor whose performance is ensured by an application oversimulated and environmental data. In addition, we generalize the partially linear probitmodel of independent data to the spatial case. We use a linear process for disturbancesallowing various spatial dependencies and propose a semiparametric estimation approachbased on weighted likelihood and generalized method of moments methods. We establishthe consistency and asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators and investigate thefinite sample performance of the estimators on simulated data. We end by an applicationof spatial binary choice models to identify UADT (Upper aerodigestive tract) cancer riskfactors in the north region of France which displays the highest rates of such cancerincidence and mortality of the country
Echague, Eugénio. "Optimisation globale sans dérivées par minimisation de modèles simplifiés." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0016.
Full textIn this thesis, we study two global derivative-free optimization methods: the method of moments and the surrogate methods. Concerning the method of moments, it is implemented as solver of the sub-problems in a derivative-free optimization method and tested for an engine calibration problem with succes. We also explore its dual approach, and we study the approximation of a function by a sum of squares of polynomials plus a constant. Concerning the surrogate methods, we construct a new approximation by using the Sparse Grid interpolation method, which builds an accurate model from a limited number of function evaluations. This model is then locally refined near the points with low function value. The numerical performance of this new method, called GOSgrid, is tested for classical optimisation test functions and finally for an inverse parameter identification problem, showing good results compared to some of the others existing methods, in terms of number of function evaluations
Boutoux, Guillaume. "Sections efficaces neutroniques via la méthode de substitution." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654677.
Full textSamb, El Hadji. "Contrôlabilité de systèmes paraboliques couplés : quelques phénomènes hyperboliques dans le contrôle des équations paraboliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0223.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the zero controllability of linear parabolic systems, in particular on new phenomena called "hyperbolic" in the control of parabolic systems, such as conditions on the geometry of the control zone or on time. We start with the study of an extension, to the N>1 space dimension, of a result in Dolecki 1973 published in 1973. Which gives a characterization of the pointwise controllability at time T of the one-dimensional heat equation. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that completely characterizes the distributed null-controllability of the N-dimensional heat-equation, on domains of the form (0,1) x Ω2, with Ω2 a smooth domain of RN-1, N>1, when the control is exerted on {x0} x ω2, with x0 ∈ (0.1) and ω2 ⊆ Ω2. Our result is based on the Lebeau-Robbiano strategy and requires an upper bound of the cost of the one dimensional pointwise null-control on (0.1). In a second part we studied the null-controllability of two parabolic equations coupled by a matrix whose coefficients depend on space. In this case a surprising phenomenon appears : the condensation of eigenfunctions.The previous work required that the family of eigenfunctions to the parabolic operator considered form a Riesz base. The system we studied does not satisfy this hypothesis. Inspired by the "block moment method", proposed in Benabdallah,Boyer et Morencey 2018, we formulate an expression of a minimum time of control T0 depending on the simultaneous condensation of eigen values and eigen functions