Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode génétique'
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Weber, Jérémie. "Nouvelle méthode de détection de mutations inconnues : applications au diagnostic génétique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066560.
Full textLous, Baronian Laurent. "Le travail vivant : catégorie critique et génétique de la méthode du capital." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100120.
Full textThis thesis argues Chat the project of Critique of political economy is entirely dependant on the nature of social labor in general, from which Marx derives the categories and laves of the political economy. Effectively, starting with his first economical works, Mari considers social labor as a group of production activities, in such a way that each society is characterized by the way it exchanges and assigns these activities. However, the political economy, from mercantilism to neo-classicism, conceived and still perceives work for its product and results, and only considers the exchange of products as social labor. The political economy observes living labor as a purely negative object, as a sacrifice or necessary commitment to fulfil individual needs. For Marx, if value-added labor is defined as a specific method of exchanging living labor, this results in a new definition of general and abstract labor: it is no longer defined as an object or unit of value, but first and foremost as an expenditure of labor force - of muscles, nerves and brain. From this, Marx derives the dual nature of labor, which lie strongly insists on and which he considers to be his primary contribution to the science of economics. Marx dominates the critical analysis: the way in which categories and laves of capitalist production are assigned, and the nature of the criticism of these categories and laves, which still survives in the political economy to this day
Vincenti, Angela. "Conception et optimisation des composites stratifiés par méthode polaire et algorithme génétique." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS040.
Full textHubans, Christine. "Méthode ab initio de prédiction d'opérons chez les procaryotes et validations biologiques chez les Bordetelles." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_246.pdf.
Full textColin, Laurence. "Elaboration d'une méthode de détection de Plasmodium vivax par PCR asymétrique." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON13510.
Full textBordes, Jacques. "Création de lignées haploïdes doublées de maïs par gynogenèse induite in situ : amélioration de la méthode et intégration dans les schémas de sélection." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688812.
Full textBustillo, Julien. "Caractérisation non destructive du silicium poreux par méthode ultrasonore." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4026/document.
Full textPorous silicon is a material that is currently used in many fields such as biology and microelectronics, thanks to its remarkable properties. Non-destructive characterization of this kind of material is still limited, mostly due to thickness of porous layer and pore size. The aim of this work is the development of an ultrasonic characterization method to allow monitoring of in situ etching in real time. First, the study of electrochemical etching and tanks where it is made to have the estimated microgeometric parameters of the porous layer. Through knowledge of the pore size and orientation, the mechanical constants md the values of permeability and tortuosity are estimated. Second, propagation of the ultrasonic waves within the material bi-porous Si-Si layer is examined. Modelling of the porous i layer is performed through the Biot model to estimate the longitudinal speed to calculate the theoretical spectrum transmission through the etched wafer. A measurement using an insertion-substitution method allows a determination of transmission spectrum. The parameters of the porous layer (thickness and porosity ) are determined by an inverse problem resolution, based on a genetic algorithm. A comparison with destructive measurements shows the interest of the ultrasonic measurement
Benkaci-Ali, Hassene. "Optimisation des performances d'un ondulateur à modulation de densité d'impulsion modélisation mathématique et méthode génétique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6977/1/030596182.pdf.
Full textPouliot-Bérubé, Claudia, and Claudia Pouliot-Bérubé. "Analyse par profilage génique du phénotype psoriasique des substituts cutanés produits par la méthode d'auto-assemblage." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26122.
Full textLe psoriasis est une maladie inflammatoire de la peau pour laquelle aucun traitement curatif n’a vu le jour jusqu’à présent. L’étiologie étant complexe, la recherche dans ce domaine vise donc une meilleure compréhension de la pathologie. Pour ce faire, il faut mettre sur pied des modèles in vitro représentatifs de la pathologie, ce que nous faisons au LOEX. Ce projet porte sur la caractérisation par profilage génique de notre modèle afin d’en poursuivre l’optimisation éventuelle. Pour ce faire, nous avons produit différents substituts sains, lésionnels et non-lésionnels, puis nous en avons analysé le transcriptome. Dans un second temps, nous avons tenté de mimer la condition inflammatoire via l’addition de cytokines au sein des substituts lésionnels. Ces résultats démontrent d’une part la force du modèle existant, mais d’autre part, que la supplémentation en cytokines a des effets positifs sur le transcriptome, le rendant quasi identique à celui de peaux psoriasiques in vivo.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which no cure has emerged. Research in this area aims to better understanding its complex etiology. Representative models of the pathology are needed and it is part of our expertise to develop psoriatic skin substitutes at LOEX. This project has focused on the characterization of our model by gene profiling in order to pursue its optimization. Different kinds of substitutes were produced and the transcriptome was analyzed. We also attempted to mimic the addition of immune cells via the addition of cytokines during lesional skin reconstruction. Cytokines chosen were identified as playing a key role in psoriasis. These results demonstrated on one hand, the strength of our original model and on the other hand, the positive impact on the transcriptome that cytokines supplementation can produce, making it almost identical to psoriatic skin in vivo.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which no cure has emerged. Research in this area aims to better understanding its complex etiology. Representative models of the pathology are needed and it is part of our expertise to develop psoriatic skin substitutes at LOEX. This project has focused on the characterization of our model by gene profiling in order to pursue its optimization. Different kinds of substitutes were produced and the transcriptome was analyzed. We also attempted to mimic the addition of immune cells via the addition of cytokines during lesional skin reconstruction. Cytokines chosen were identified as playing a key role in psoriasis. These results demonstrated on one hand, the strength of our original model and on the other hand, the positive impact on the transcriptome that cytokines supplementation can produce, making it almost identical to psoriatic skin in vivo.
Levasseur, Séverine. "Analyse Inverse en Géotechnique: développement d'une méthode à base d'algorithmes génétiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185671.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est de développer une méthode d'analyse inverse permettant d'identifier l'ensemble des paramètres constitutifs d'un sol à partir de mesures géotechniques in situ. La procédure est basée sur un processus d'optimisation par algorithme génétique. L'ensemble des solutions identifiées sont ensuite décrites mathématiquement par une étude statistique de type analyse en composantes principales. Cette étude montre que ce type d'optimisation par algorithme génétique permet d'estimer différentes solutions approchées pour les problèmes inverses de géotechnique. Si toutes les solutions d'un problème ne sont pas identifiées directement par l'algorithme génétique, leur exploitation par une analyse en composantes principales permet d'estimer l'ensemble des solutions du problème inverse. Cette méthode est développée sur des exemples d'ouvrages de soutènement et d'essais pressiométriques.
Julien, Cédric. "Conception Optimale de l'Anisotropie dans les Structures Stratifiées à Rigidité Variable par la Méthode Polaire-Génétique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066053.
Full textLorenzo, Corinne. "Conception d'une protéine kinase A modifiée : une nouvelle méthode d'analyse de la voie AMPc." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30022.
Full textBertrand, Gérald. "Transcriptome du granulocyte humain par la méthode sage : Applications en transfusion sanguine." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20075.
Full textGendron, Louis. "Détection des OGM non autorisés par une méthode d'empreinte génétique - Essai sur le maïs et le soya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26282/26282.pdf.
Full textSaker, Ali. "Mise au point d'une méthode non invasive de diagnostic prénatal par l'analyse génétique des cellules foetales circulantes." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D029.
Full textThe prenatal diagnosis (PND) of genetic diseases is carried out by invasive techniques leading to a pregnancy loss going from 1 to 4 % of the cases. Aiming of carrying out a non-invasive PND, the research was directed towards new methods for obtaining fetal cells from maternal blood and cervical mucus at early stage of the pregnancy. We used a technique for trophoblastic cells isolation (ISET : Isolation by Size of Epithelial Trophoblastic cells). Our study was focused on the development of the non-invasive PND of cystic fibrosis (CF) by ISET method. The molecular strategy developed and applied to 12 couples at risk for the CF made it possible to carry out a correct diagnosis of all the studied cases. We also applied the method ISET to the transcervical cells obtained from cervical channel by cytobrush. We showed that this technique could be applied to the cervical samplings to carry out non-invasive PND
Alcaïs, Alexandre. "De la lèpre au maximum de vraisemblance binomiale : histoire naturelle d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse de liaison génétique." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T072.
Full textColote, Soudhir A. "Approche des relations structure-fonction de protéines se liant à l'actine par la méthode de génie génétique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20063.
Full textAmininejad, Leila. "Etude des variants génétiques des déficits immuns primaires et des formes ethniques dans l’architecture génétique des maladies inflammatoires du tube digestif." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/295966/3/these.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Jacquenot, Guillaume. "Méthode générique pour l'optimisation d'agencement géométrique et fonctionnel." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468463.
Full textJaffrelo, Loïc. "Identification d'un peptide antiviral contre le virus de l'Hépatite C par une méthode de sélection in cellulo d'éléments génétiques." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21404.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. HCV is a single stranded, positive sensed RNA virus. Its translation is mediated by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) located in the 5' untranslated region. With the aim to identify HCV genetic elements (GE) involved in the control of HCV translation, we developed a combinatorial strategy in cellulo, inspired by the GSE (genetic suppressor elements) technology. A random HCV fragment library was inroduced by retroviral transduction into human hepatic cell lines, expressing a reporter gene under the HCV IRES dependence. The selection of cells with a modified IRES-dependent phenotype led to the identication of several elements presenting some potential activity on HCV translation. We further analyzed the action of one of them and delineated a peptide constituted by the amphipatic α helix, able ro inhibit IRES-dependent translation and HCV infection in a cell culture system
Zinn-Justin, Anne. "Développement de la méthode non paramétrique d'analyse de liaison génétique WPC pour la prise en compte de l'information héritée par descendance au niveau d'un ou plusieurs marqueurs génétiques : application à des données familiales concernant l'alcoolisme et la bilharziose." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T024.
Full textLinkage analysis methods search for a familial cotransmission between a phenotype and a genetic marker, in order to loccalize on a chromosornal region a gene influenc!ng the phenotype. The WPC ("Weighted Pairwise Correlation") model-free linkage analysis method, introduced par Commenges in 1994, can be applied to all kind of phenotypes, without any distributional assumption, and is especially suitable for the analysis of large pedigrees. We developed the WPC method to take into account several unlinked marker loci (multi-loci analysis) and to incorporate the ldentical By Descent (IBD) information in the calculation oftlie resemblance at a marker locus (two-point analysis) or in a chromosomal region (multipoint analysis). Simulation studies conducted under various genetic models showed that two-locus tests were more powerful than one-locus tests, and confirmed that the use of the WPC-IBD method leads to a large increase of power, especially in the situation of poorly informative markers. Use of multipoint information in the re-analysis of breast cancer data from the BCLC ("Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium") led to a substantial gain in power as compared to two-point analysis. The use of two-point and multipoint WPC-lBD methods for the analysis of COGA (''Collaborative Study on the Genetic of Alcoholism'') data confinned the involvement of chromosome 4q2l containing Alcohol Dehydrogcnase (ADH) genes in predisposition to alcoholism. Analysis of infection levels by Schistosoma mansoni in schistosomiasis in Brazilian data using WPC-IBD two-point and multipoint one-locus and two-locus methods showed linkage to three chromosomal regions (1p21-q23, 7q135-q36 and 6p21-q21 ), in addition to 5q31-33 where was mapped the SMI gene
Lopez, Simon. "Modélisation de réservoirs chenalisés méandriformes : approche génétique et stochastique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1260.
Full textJaeger, Sébastien. "Indicateurs statistiques pour l'analyse de séquences génétiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22060.
Full textClément, Valérie. "Mise au point et validation d'une méthode quantitative pour évaluer le nombre de copies de régions chromosomiques spécifiques (CNV) dans de grands échantillons." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27987/27987.pdf.
Full textOhayon, Karen. "Amélioration de l'ordonnancement d'une ligne de production par la méthode Analytic Hierarchy Process." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30022.
Full textThe industrial world is continually faced with problems of choices. Multitude of criterion must be taken into account in resolving them. Faced with these situations, the decision making tools give solutions. We will use the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the production field and especially in the scheduling of a cardio vascular prosthesis production line. The initial parameterization of this method involves the evaluation of an expert. Although he has the required knowledge to make a fitting setup, he is no less human and he will bring even unintentionally a subjective part in his decision. The resulting scheduling will therefore not necessarily be optimal. The reduction of the subjectivity can be done using a metaheuristic method, of genetic algorithm type, to improve this parameterization by exploring neighbouring solutions compared to those proposed by the expert
Zhao, Xin. "Une méthode génétique pour la résolution du problème dynamique de routage de véhicules avec temps de parcours variables." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0204.
Full textWe treat the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows (DVRPTW) and the partially dynamic travelling repairman problem (PDTRP) where the inclusion of new customers during the routing execution is possible. In a first approach, we consider speed profiles based on average travel time depending on the time period (morning, noon, afternoon) to reflect the evolution of road traffic. Depending on the connection type between two customers, several profiles can be considered (feeder road, arterial road and freeway). In a second approach, we integrate traffic information obtained in real time to change the speed profile according to the accidents of the road network (congestion, etc. ). The analysis of the results of these experiments shows that our method with real-time traffic information provides a good performance, a better robustness against a simple model with time dependent travel time
Faye, Papa Aldemba. "Couplage algorithme génétique-code éléments finis pour le dimensionnement de structures en matériaux composites." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22497.
Full textCournac, Axel. "Aspects temporel et spatial dans des systèmes de régulation génétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472602.
Full textSedki, Mohammed Amechtoh. "Échantillonnage préférentiel adaptatif et méthodes bayésiennes approchées appliquées à la génétique des populations." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20041/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of two parts which can be read independently.The first part is about the Adaptive Multiple Importance Sampling (AMIS) algorithm presented in Cornuet et al.(2012) provides a significant improvement in stability and Effective Sample Size due to the introduction of the recycling procedure. These numerical properties are particularly adapted to the Bayesian paradigm in population genetics where the modelization involves a large number of parameters. However, the consistency of the AMIS estimator remains largely open. In this work, we provide a novel Adaptive Multiple Importance Sampling scheme corresponding to a slight modification of Cornuet et al. (2012) proposition that preserves the above-mentioned improvements. Finally, using limit theorems on triangular arrays of conditionally independant random variables, we give a consistensy result for the final particle system returned by our new scheme.The second part of this thesis lies in ABC paradigm. Approximate Bayesian Computation has been successfully used in population genetics models to bypass the calculation of the likelihood. These algorithms provide an accurate estimator by comparing the observed dataset to a sample of datasets simulated from the model. Although parallelization is easily achieved, computation times for assuring a suitable approximation quality of the posterior distribution are still long. To alleviate this issue, we propose a sequential algorithm adapted fromDel Moral et al. (2012) which runs twice as fast as traditional ABC algorithms. Itsparameters are calibrated to minimize the number of simulations from the model
Savard, Nathalie. "Méthode d'analyse de liaison génétique pour des familles dans lesquelles il y a de l'hétérogénéité non-allélique intra-familiale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23220/23220.pdf.
Full textThis study presents a linkage analysis method for cases of recombination heterogeneity when it is located in bilineal pedigrees. We propose a modification of the single-locus analysis by Smith's admixture model - which is concerned with inter-familial heterogeneity - so it becomes more appropriate for cases of intra-familial heterogeneity. Our approach first consists in decomposing large pedigrees into nuclear pedigrees so that the intra-familial heterogeneity of the large pedigrees is transformed into inter-familial heterogeneity between the nuclear pedigrees. Then, the nuclear pedigrees are considered both with a single-locus analysis and Smith's admixture model. The power of the proposed method is compared to the power of other methods, including the power of the specific case where there is intra-familialheterogeneity in large pedigrees. We also verify if the decomposition of the pedigrees results in a bigger proportion of type I errors.
Savard, Nathalie. "Méthode d'analyse de liaison génétique pour des familles dans lesquelles il y a de l'hétérogénéité non-allélique intra-familiale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18233.
Full textThis study presents a linkage analysis method for cases of recombination heterogeneity when it is located in bilineal pedigrees. We propose a modification of the single-locus analysis by Smith's admixture model - which is concerned with inter-familial heterogeneity - so it becomes more appropriate for cases of intra-familial heterogeneity. Our approach first consists in decomposing large pedigrees into nuclear pedigrees so that the intra-familial heterogeneity of the large pedigrees is transformed into inter-familial heterogeneity between the nuclear pedigrees. Then, the nuclear pedigrees are considered both with a single-locus analysis and Smith's admixture model. The power of the proposed method is compared to the power of other methods, including the power of the specific case where there is intra-familialheterogeneity in large pedigrees. We also verify if the decomposition of the pedigrees results in a bigger proportion of type I errors.
Grain, Françoise. "Étude des gènes du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité : typage d'ovins par la méthode RFLP." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T183.
Full textNeveu, David. "Atterrissage autonome avec recherche de sites sécuritaires et évitement d'obstacles par la méthode du potentiel couplée à un algorithme génétique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1403.
Full textAchaz, Guillaume. "Étude de la dynamique des génomes : les répétitions intrachromosomiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066382.
Full textZapata, Laurence. "Approche d'une méthode de cyclisation d'oligonucléotides par l'intermédiaire de complexes des métaux de transition." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30069.
Full textBertrand, Benoît Georges. "L'amélioration génétique de Coffea Arabica L. En Amérique centrale par la voie hybride F1." Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0009.
Full textBourgain, Catherine. "Intérêt des populations à effet fondateur pour la recherche de facteurs de risque génétiques des maladies multifactorielles." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T033.
Full textAhuactzin-Larios, Juan-Manuel. "Le Fil d'Ariane : une méthode de planification générale : application à la planification automatique de trajectoires." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0078.
Full textAskouk, Lahcen. "Mise au point d'une méthode de transformation génétique de l'épinard (Spinacia oleracea L. ) en vue de l'obtention de plantes à teneur réduite en nitrate." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2031.
Full textLeriche, Françoise. "Recherche d'outils, génétiques utilisables chez la bactérie psycrotrophe MFO, étude de leur comportement aux différentes températures de croissance de la souche et construction d'une fusion traductionnelle par génétique réverse." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES040.
Full textCaldora, Costa Mauricio. "Optimisation de dispositifs électromagnétiques dans un contexte d'analyse par la méthode des éléments finis." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551743.
Full textPischedda, Laura. "Bioturbation et hétérogénéité de l'oxygène dans les sédiments marins appréendées par une méthode optique de quantification 2D : incidence sur les communautés microbiennes sédimentaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009Aix22051.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the study of oxygen heterogeneity (spatial and temporal variability) in marine sediments induced by benthic macrofaunal bioturbation activity. For that, planar optodes that enable the mapping of two-dimensional (2D) oxygen distribution and dynamics at high resolution were used. First, a heterogeneity index that allows quantifying the spatial variability from 2D oxygen distribution images was developed and successfully tested with organisms presenting different reworking modes. Since we noticed that burrow builder organisms (i. E. Gallery-diffusors) induced higher sediment oxygen heterogeneity, we thus explored it in detail by recording oxygen distribution and dynamics within a burrow structure of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. This study underlined strong variations in oxygen concentration on a short temporal scale (min) within the burrow structure and a strong multiscale spatial variability (cm, mm). A third study showed that the bacterial community of the N. Diversicolor burrow structure exhibited higher biodiversity compared with surrounding sediments. This community was also specific of that environment which is unique, notably in terms of biogeochemical characteristics (e. G. Redox oscillations). Finally, in a last work, we wanted to understand the potential interaction of an inorganic contaminant with bioturbation activity and its influence on oxygen fluxes. For that, we tested the impact of a radioactive heavy metal, the uranium (238U), in a bioturbated environment. Despite reworking activities were reduced, the oxygen diffusive fluxes in contaminated sediments were higher (24%) compared with the non contaminated sediments. This study also reflected the degree of complexity generated by interactions between macrofauna, microfauna and that kind of contaminant. These works corroborated the idea that oxygen distribution heterogeneity is intimately linked to bioturbation which, by acting on the bacterial community structure and activity, indirectly influences organic matter oxidation processes
Dif, Fariel. "Mise au point d'une méthode de thérapie génique utilisant le PEI et analyse du phénotype osseux dans un modèle murin de mucoviscidose." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0005.
Full textGene therapy is possibly the most promising approach for designing a treatment of cystic fibrosis. However, even if many therapeutical trials have been made, several technical problems have so far prevented the establishment of an effective therapeutical protocol. Some recent results from our laboratory have shown the gene transfer using intravenous administration of polyethylenimine/DNA complexes permit to obtain very high levels of expression in the lungs. The first aim o this thesis has been to show that this same approach can be utilized to transfer genes to the lungs of a mouse model of CF carrying a mutation of the CFTR gene. We have performed the first ultrastructural analysis to determine which target cells are transfected in the lungs using this approach. We show that the transgene is essentially expressed in type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes and endothelial cells without any apparent lesion to the tissue. These results show that the complexes DNA/PEI can cross the endothelial barrier rand reach pulmonary cells. We also show coexpression of the transgene and of the CFTR gene. Globally these results suggest that a PEI-based gene delivery strategy could be used for CF patients. The longer life span of CF patients has revealed a number of complications associated to this syndrome: a prominent one is osteoporosis. No direct prove was so far linking the presence of the CFTR mutation with a reduced bone density, on the contrary it had been suggested that osteoporosis in CF patients was a secondary effect due to malnutrition or corticoid therapy. The second achievement of this thesis has been to show that the CFTR mutant mice develop a clear osteoporosis with reduced bone density. This reduction derives both from a reduced rate of bone apposition and from an acceleration of bone resorption. A major result of this work has been, therefore the establishment of the fact that bone remodelling is strongly altered in association with a CFTR mutation and that osteoporosis should be considered as a symptom of CF syndrome
Vannucci, Paolo. "Un parcours de recherche multidisciplinaire en mécanique: Analyse des forces de la houle et optimisation d'une plate-forme pétrolière Calcul de branches bifurquées par la méthode asymptotique numérique La méthode polaire en analyse, identification et conception par algorithme génétique des stratifiés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625958.
Full textLe, Gall Fabrice. "Ingénierie d'un anticorps recombinant et son expression par le tabac : évaluation comme méthode de lutte contre un mollicute phytopathogène, le phytoplasme du Stolbur." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28594.
Full textAudoux, Yohann. "Développement d’une nouvelle méthode de réduction de modèle basée sur les hypersurfaces NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0016/document.
Full textDespite undeniable progress achieved in computer sciences over the last decades, some problems remain intractable either by their numerical complexity (optimisation problems, …) or because they are subject to specific constraints such as real-time processing (virtual and augmented reality, …). In this context, metamodeling techniques can minimise the computational effort to realize complex multi-field and/or multi-scale simulations. The metamodeling process consists of setting up a metamodel that needs less resources to be evaluated than the complex one that is extracted from by guaranteeing, meanwhile, a minimal accuracy. Current methods generally require either the user’s expertise or arbitrary choices. Moreover, they are often tailored for a specific application, but they can be hardly transposed to other fields. Thus, even if it is not the best, our approach aims at obtaining a metamodel that remains a good one for whatever problem at hand. The developed strategy relies on NURBS hypersurfaces and stands out from existing ones by avoiding the use of empiric criteria to set its parameters. To do so, a metaheuristic (a genetic algorithm) able to deal with optimisation problems defined over a variable number of optimisation variables sets automatically all the hypersurface parameters so that the complexity is not transferred to the user
Fortunet, Charles. "Une méthode d'optimisation multicritère pour le Design For Manufacturing : application aux portes d'avion." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC048.
Full textNowadays, the aeronautical market grows constantly. To face this, aircraft industry has to restructure and the manufacturing processes must be revised. Indeed, production rate must increase and manufacturing cost decrease while keeping the performances of the parts (weight and mechanical resistance). These objectives are contradictory and compromises must be found. This thesis broaches this problematic in relation to the CORAC. A novel method to optimize an aeronautical structural part and its manufacturing process is developed to tend toward performing compromise solutions. To do so, a three steps multi-criteria method is proposed. First, the industrial expertise is formalized to mathematically express the problem. Then, a genetic algorithm is used to determine a population in which every solution is located on a single Pareto front. At least, a decision step is set up to find the best solution in the population considering the industrial environment of the part. This methodology is applied to an aircraft door manufactured by forging and machining. In this case, it allows choosing the solution that fit the most the industrial environment within a one thousand solutions’ population
Hamoui, Samar. "Etude d'un modèle lésionnel du noyau basal magnocellulaire chez le rat et développement d'une méthode de quantification de l'ARN m par PCR." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28253.
Full textMathias, Jean-Denis. "Etude du comportement mécanique de patchs composites utilisés pour le renforcement de structures métalliques aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159157.
Full texttype fissures, criques ou impacts. Une alternative à la réparation de ces structures consiste à les renforcer préventivement, avant que les défauts n'apparaissent. Le
contexte de ce travail est celui de la maintenance préventive de structures métalliques aéronautiques par renforts composites, dans le but de retarder l'apparition ou la propagation de fissures.
La conception des renforts nécessite l'utilisation d'outils spécialisés pour définir les caractéristiques optimales du patch : géométrie, nombre de plis unidirectionnels,
orientation des plis les uns par rapport aux autres, positionnement autour de la zone à soulager... Pour cela, un programme d'optimisation de patchs par algorithme
génétique a été écrit. Il est couplé à un logiciel de calcul par éléments finis : Ansys.
L'algorithme génétique mis en oeuvre a permis de déterminer des caractéristiques de patchs dont la géométrie extérieure est définie par une courbe spline fermée, ceci afin de réduire de manière optimale les contraintes mécaniques dans une zone donnée, et
ce pour différents types de sollicitations.
De nombreuses d´efaillances des assemblages collés patch/substrat sont liées à des concentrations de contraintes dans la colle dues à l'existence d'une zone de
transfert progressif d'effort du substrat vers le patch. Des approches unidirectionnelles du transfert d'effort sont classiquement utilisées dans la littérature. Elles ne
tiennent cependant pas compte d'effets bidimensionnels comme la différence des coefficients de Poisson qui peut exister entre le substrat et le composite. A partir des
équations d'équilibre, des modèles analytique et numérique bidimensionnels ont donc été développés. Des phénomènes de couplages bidimensionnels ont ainsi bien été mis en évidence.
Parallèlement, des essais de traction uniaxiale ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes en aluminium renforcées par des patchs en carbone/époxyde. La méthode de la grille a été utilisée pour mesurer des champs cinématiques en surface du patch composite.
Cette méthode a permis d'étudier expérimentalement le transfert des efforts entre le substrat et le renfort suivant les deux dimensions du problème et de comparer les résultats obtenus avec les différents modèles développés au préalable.
Lefebvre, Céline. "Réseaux de gènes, évolution / développement et pathologie : définition et applications d'un nouveau concept d'analyse de la conservation génétique et fonctionnelle." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066098.
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